Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kent Denver BJ | Judge: Nate Wong
Text: The United States federal government should amend relevant definitions in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to include algae-derived fuels eligible for all tax credits, subsidies, and price supports.

Algae solves warming—it removes co2 from the atmosphere
AFP July 10 2008 “As planet swelters, are algae unlikely saviour?”, http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ir4Mg2eQ23RPDhBkH2BnulZai-ZA
As the world mulls over the conundrum … surface corresponding to five percent of the country's farmland," the study added.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Marks KH | Judge: Austin Raburn
Text—the United States should appoint an Ambassador to Cuba for the purpose of establishing diplomatic relations and beginning the dialogue on removing the embargo restrictions in the affirmative plan.
Counterplan solves—sequencing diplomatic engagement ahead of economic engagement solves the case while avoiding politics net benefit 

Lieutenant Colonel Dickerson, United States Army War College, 10
(Sergio, January 2010, "United States Security Strategy Towards Cuba," Strategy Research Project, accessed at www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA518053, DL)

Diplomatic engagement … partisan anxiety regarding open trade with Cuba.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood JN | Judge: Lesly Gutierrez
We should be able to agree on something.  The aff’s attempts to claim that we should just clash on their issue rather than the resolution solidifies an “argument culture” that promotes dubious arguments such as Holocaust Denial and Climate Change Deniers – under the guise of debate.  
Tannen, Professor of Linguistics at Georgetown University, 1998
(Deborah, “The Argument Culture,” March 27, 1998, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/march98/tannen_3-27.html)
DEBORAH TANNEN, Author, "The Argument Culture:" It's … just so that we can show the other side.
The impact – absence of language of commonality entrenches militarism and economic disparity. YOUNG PEOPLE AND EDUCATORS ARE CRITICAL TO THE BROADER SOCIAL MOVEMENT 

Giroux, December 2 2013
(Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University, “Hope in the Age of Looming Authoritarianism,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/20307-hope-in-the-age-of-looming-authoritarianism)
We live at a time in which the…commitment, different democratic visions and a politics of possibility.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hendrickson TG | Judge: Dustin Darby
Brazil is creating a platform in Latin America to insert itself into the global economy. Plan offsets Brazilian soft power and hinders the possibility for multipolarity

Christensen, Associate Professor at Aalborg University, 13
(Steen Fryba “Brazil’s Foreign Policy Priorities”, Third World Quarterly, 34:2, 271-286, 4/23/13, taylor and francis, IIN)

Brazil’s foreign policy priorities after...economy in the world and a net contributor to the imf.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hendrickson TG | Judge: Dustin Darby
Despite NSA and other obstacles, US-Brazil Relations are high and on the rise 

Morse, staff writer for State Departments Bureau of International Information Programs, 2013
(Jane, “Kerry Emphasizes Shared Values Between Brazil, U.S.,” 8/14/13, http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2013/08/20130814280959.html#axzz2dYppakcZ, accessed 8/31/13, BH) 

Washington — The strength in U.S.-Brazil…Brazil’s President Dilma Rousseff. 

Unilateral action in the region by the US harms relations 

Meiman, 2009
(Kellie, “The Possibility of Partnership”, Center for American Progress, March, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf, accessed on 7/10/13, BT) 

The combination of Brazil’s clear…mantle in a meaningful way.¶ 

US Brazil relations key to solving myriad of problems – promoting free markets, ensuring security, countering China and countering regional problems 

Kurtz, The Daily Northwestern Columnist, 2013
(Michael, “Kurtz: U.S.-Brazil relations show it takes two to samba”, The Daily NorthWestern, February 20, 2013, http://dailynorthwestern.com/2013/02/20/opinion/kurtz-u-s-brazil-relation-show-it-takes-two-to-samba/, 7/10/13, JG) 

These issues are all certainly worthy…fiery leftist provocateurs.

Tournament: University of North Texas | Round: Octas | Opponent: Caddo AV | Judge: Martin Ozzbourne, Megan Overheim, Matt Carswell
Their focus on marginalized voice replicates the problem – and they can’t win their voice is uniquely good just because its outside of the so-called norm
Gur-ze-ev, 98 - Senior Lecturer Philosophy of Education at Haifa, (Ilan, “Toward a nonrepressive critical pedagogy,” Educational Theory, Fall 48, http://haifa.academia.edu/IlanGurZeev/Papers/117665/Toward_a_Nonreperssive_Critical_Pedagogy)

From this perspective, the consensus reached by the reflective subject … the group" - even if conceived as valid only for the group concerned. 

Turn – their in-round use of the other in an academic setting is uniquely bad – and advances coloniality The affirmative functions as both peddler and accumulator of suffering – the impossibility of the Other’s political agency is the starting point of their project as their suffering is an essential tool for their endless theorization – they present the Other’s suffering merely as a token for a +1 on their win/loss record – reject this methodology
Nayar 13 (Jayan Nayar, PhD from the University of Cambridge, Department of Law at the University of Warwick, February 2013, “The Politics of Hope and the Other-in-The-World: Thinking Exteriority,” Law and Critique Volume 24 Issue 1, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2001975) gz
Suffering, as a witnessed condition of others, serves as a renewable, … productive plunder, and how profitably we, thinkers of hope, suffer in this respect.

a.  Empathy Bad DA
Taking on the view of the other fails to overcome otherization—it causes adversarialism, blame and guilt

Chen, Department of Sociology – UC-Berkeley, 1997 Anthony S., 4 Asian L.J. 97, May 1997

With these schematic remarks about postmodernism and poststructuralism in place, … these reasons, Chang maintains, it becomes necessary for us to seek an epistemology that does not claim to know an objective reality.

This leads to more otherization – turning the case

Bartlett, Professor of Law – Duke University, 1990 Katharine, 103 Harv. L. Rev. 829, Feb

A final difficulty with standpoint epistemology is the adversarial … ideologies that maintain the current relationships of subordination and oppression.

Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 4 | Opponent: Greenhill DJ | Judge: Derek Ziegler
Text – The United States should engage in cooperative dialogue with the People’s Republic of China over the Bayh-Dole model of intellectual property system.  This cooperative dialogue should include, but not be limited to, the Bayh-Dole model of enforcement.  

Solves their advantages
Their own author and solvency evidence advocates for China dialogue not for Mexico IPR
Espinel 2k7
(Victoria A., Assistant U.S. Representative for  Intellectual Property and Innovation, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Washington, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg38337/html/CHRG-110hhrg38337.htm  accessed tm 10-25)
We have been hearing reports ... system for protecting intellectual property.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Marks KH | Judge: Austin Raburn
uniqueness - China is sustaining economic activity with Cuba
LeoGrande 13 – professor in the Department of Government, School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, D.C. (William M, “The Danger of Dependence: Cuba's Foreign Policy After Chavez”, April 2, 2013, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12840/the-danger-of-dependence-cubas-foreign-policy-after-chavez, 10/7/13, PB)

As China's … China's access to raw materials.
Growing competition over Latin America- US influence trades off with China
Regenstreif, senior editor at Reuters, 6/12/13
Gary, 6/12/13, Reuters, “The looming US-China rivalry over Latin America”, http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2013/06/12/the-looming-u-s-china-rivalry-over-latin-america/, Accessed 7/2/13, ML 

Though the U.S…. Brazil’s is due in October.

b.  Internal link and impact – China soft power 

1.  China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power
   Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)

China's forays …s, intelligence cooperation and arms sales.
2.  Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction
Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)

As China plays an increasingly … model improves, it will continue to surprise the world.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Marks KH | Judge: Austin Raburn
Expanding globalization to Cuba is part of an imperial strategy to displace revolutionary potential in Cuba. The outcome of the expansion of globalization is environmental destruction and inequality.
Bliss 2005
(Dr. Susan Bliss: Director of Global Education, 7/5/2005, “Sustainability of Modern Cuba’s post revolution globalisation process”,)

Globalisation is not a new phenomenon …from corporate power.

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Maldonado-Torres 08
(Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead …Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity.
Mignolo 09
Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009

ONCE UPON a time …criterion for the final judgment.1

The question of this debate is how best to challenge colonial institutions and foreground the lives of marginalized populations – this is an ethical imperative.
Mignolo 2009
(Walter Mignolo, 2009, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent thought, and deconlonial freedom, http://waltermignolo.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/epistemicdisobedience-2.pdf, Walter Mignolo is a semiotician and Professor at Duke Univeristy, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked on different aspect of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thinking, and pluriversality)

De-colonial thinking …health-promoting technology.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Niles North BT | Judge: Dave Basler
Turn - Lifting Embargo promotes US neoliberalism which overwhelms Cuban sustainable ag
Gonzalez, Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law, ‘03
(Carmen G., Seasons of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Cuba, p. 729-33, accessed on 8/21/13, BT)

Notwithstanding these problems, the greatest challenge … agricultural development model borne of crisis and isolation.

Tournament: Berkeley Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Marks AS | Judge: CJ Cleavenger
A. Uniqueness – Despite lack of reliable funding, Cuba is able to ensure protection of its environment through nature reserves
Gonzalez, ’13 (Ivet, “Preserving Life in Cuba for When the Climate Changes”, December 5, 2013, http://www.ecocubanetwork.net/news-from-cuba/, accessed 2/13/14, /JF)

Nature reserves act as a safe … 200 metres deep, under some kind of protection.

B. Link - Lifting embargo allows for new economic tourism
Dean 07
(Cornela- science editor and writer for the New York Times, “Conserving Cuba, After the Embargo,” New York Times, December 25 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/science/25cuba.html?pagewanted=all)

In the late 1990s, Mr. Houck … Cuba on their way south for the winter.

C. Impacts:

1. Tourist development in Cuba produces coastal erosion, increasing the sediment in coastal waters, and devastating tourist attractions
   Cepero ’04
   (Eudel Eduardo- environmental scientist focused on Cuba, part of the Urban Issues and the Environment research staff at the Cuban Research Institute at Florida International University, “Environmental Concerns for a Cuba in Transition,” 2004, Cuba Transition Project, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami, http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/Research_Studies/ECepero.pdf, page 15)

However, the unsustainable development … resources (landscapes and beaches) that gave rise to them.
2. Loss of biodiversity leads to famines, natural disasters, diseases, and conflict leading to nuclear war.
Takacs 96
(David- professor at the University of California, Hastings College of Law, focusing on policy issues and global climate change, The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise, 1996, p200-201)

So biodiversity keeps the world running. ….not with a bang but a whimper.14

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell BJ | Judge: Jesse Anyalebechi
Cuba is on the verge of reform—Softening Sanctions reinvigorates the regime

Radosh 13
Ron Radosh, writer for PJ Media, “ The Time to Help Cuba’s Brave Dissidents Is Now: Why the Embargo Must Not be Lifted” http://pjmedia.com/ronradosh/2013/03/18/the-time-to-help-cubas-brave-dissidents-is-now-why-the-embargo-must-not-be-lifted/2/
The argument they present is aimed…an end to the decades of rule by the Castro brothers.

This crushes US leadership and turns the case by increasing domestic oppression

Geyer 2k
Georgie Anne Geyer, writer for the Chicago Tribune, citing Professor Jaime Suchlicki, director of the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami, “Ending The Cuban Embargo Would Perpetuate Castro's Totalitarian Control” 7/7, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-07-07/news/0007070222_1_cuban-american-studies-trade-embargo-free-elian
Professor Jaime Suchlicki, director of the Institute for Cuban…know who's already reaching for it.

US leadership key to preventing global nuclear war

Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth ’13 (Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College “Don’t Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment,” International Security, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51)

A core premise of deep engagement is that it… rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking.

Tournament: Plano East | Round: 2 | Opponent: Greenhill TC | Judge: Rory McKenzie
Text – The United States federal government should normalize trade relations by lifting sanctions that do not implicate travel to and from Cuba.  We’ll clarify.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Moore SM | Judge: Matt Meredith
The Cuban healthcare system is strong now – it’s better than the US and offers alternative models of medicine and research. 

Badore ’13 (Margaret, “What we can learn from Cuba's health care system,” Jun 27 2013,
http://www.mnn.com/health/fitness-well-being/stories/what-we-can-learn-from-cubas-health-care-system) 

The correlation between low income … new treatments and approaches to explore. 

Lifting the embargo ruins Cuban health care and causes brain drain. 

Garrett ‘10 (Laurie Garrett is a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Will Lifting the Embargo Make Things Worse?”http:thecubaneconomy.com/articles/2013/02/castrocare-in-crisis-will-lifting-the-embargo-on-cuba-make-things-worse/)Nuck 

Cuba is a Third World country that aspires … the better of two bad options. 

A strong Cuban healthcare system key to disease preventing in developing countries. 

Oxford Journal ‘6 (Oxford Journal, reputable medical journal, Health in Cuba, 8/13)

The poorer countries of the world … learned from the Cuban experience. 

Diseases risk extinction 

Ryan 97 (Frank, fellow of The Royal College of Physicians, Virus X, p. 366, JT) 

How might the human race…the extinction of the human species?

Tournament: University of North Texas | Round: Octas | Opponent: Caddo AV | Judge: Martin Ozzbourne, Megan Overheim, Matt Carswell

1. Colon following resolved means USFG is the Agent
   Army Officer School 2004 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
   The colon introduces the following: a.  A list, but only after "as follows," … "resolved:"Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.
   2. “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
   Ericson 2003 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
   The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action … compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.
   And these limits are key to ensure competitive equity for both teams which is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit of their advocacy—decades of social science confirm
   Pearce, director of International Public Policy Research, 7
   (Nick Pearce, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness,” JDP)

In the 1970s, social psychologists began to … generate loyalty and cooperation.
3. Better education - Discussion of state policy is key to skill development and breaking down of preconceived notions about the state and individuals – while helping to break out of traditional pedagogy and enhances active learning—even if we aren’t in positions of power – we’re a better way to access their claims about creativity
Esberg and Sagan 2012
Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar … simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Campus WY | Judge: PJ Martinez
Sugar ethanol industry is key to the Cuban economy and fixing energy shortages
Elledge, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, ’09 (Nicholas, “Cuba’s Sugar Ethanol Potential: Cuba, Raul Castro, and the Return of King Sugar to the Island”, October 29, 2009, http://www.coha.org/cubas-sugarcane-ethanol-potential/, accessed 11/7/13, JF)
Reports about decreased production are … investment, as well as boosting exports and stimulating economic growth. 

Only starving the regime of cash pushes a transition to democracy
Fitzgerald July 5th 2013, Sandy,  “Democracy Advocates Urge Obama to Keep Cuban Trade Ban” Newsmax  http://www.newsmax.com/US/Cuba-embargo-democracy-Farinas/2013/07/05/id/513503#ixzz2YZDYTal3

The trade embargo on Cuba must stay to starve … Farinas who met behind closed doors with Obama administration officials in Washington.  
This crushes US leadership and turns the case by increasing domestic oppression
Geyer 2k Georgie Anne Geyer, writer for the Chicago Tribune, citing Professor Jaime Suchlicki, director of the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami, “Ending The Cuban Embargo Would Perpetuate Castro's Totalitarian Control” 7/7, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-07-07/news/0007070222_1_cuban-american-studies-trade-embargo-free-elian

Professor Jaime Suchlicki, director of the Institute for Cuban … I check for my wallet. I know who's already reaching for it.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hendrickson TG | Judge: Dustin Darby
Upholding primacy makes US-Sino conflict inevitable 

Layne, 2007
(Christopher, Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University and Research Fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at The Independent Institute, “The Case Against the American Empire," American Empire: A Debate, p. 64-65) 

To be sure, the United States should….Sino-American conflict is virtually certain. 

US – China war leads to extinction 

Straits Times, 2000
(“Regional Fallout: No one gains in war over Taiwan,” June 25, Lexis) 

THE high-intensity scenario postulates…China puts sovereignty above everything else.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hendrickson TG | Judge: Dustin Darby
Increased hegemony guarantees future terrorist attacks 

Lindsay and Daalder, senior fellows Brookings Institution, Winter 2013
(James M and Ivo H “The Globalization of Politics: American Foreign Policy for a New Century”
Brookings Review Winter 2003 http://www.cfr.org/world/globalization-politics-american-foreign-policy-new-century/p6330 accessed tm 9/9) 

Worse, for the United States…risk to the United States. 

Nuclear terrorism leads to extinction 

Sid-Ahmed, 2004
(Mohamed, political analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) 

As it turned out, these allegations…whole planet, we will all be losers.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cooper MO | Judge: PJ Martinez Dan Rowe
Endorsing state action as a protection of life – elevates the state to an icon of religious heroism- the result is a never ending sacrifice and death. Specifically the affirmatives claim of decision rules and ethics will be used to justify state intervention in other spheres
Beres 1994
(Louis Rene, Prof. of International Law at Purdue, Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, Spring)
The State presents itself as sacred. The idea of the State...situation, it is devoid of emancipatory force.
Human Rights discourse misplaces the enemy in the state, and not in the biopolitical structures, which just further entrench its control
Fraser, editor Susan J. Hekman, 1995
(Nancy, “Michel Foucault: A ‘Young Conservative’?” in Feminist Interpretations of Michel Foucault)
A second reading of Foucault holds that in …situation, it is devoid of emancipatory force. 

Implications – the affirmatives concealment of the true nature of humanitarian and moral crusades allows for the creation of biopolitical control and dominance allowing the same intervention the affirmative attempts to solve including risking nuclear annihilation
Bernaur, Prof. of Philosophy at Boston College, 1990
(Foucault’s Force flight, p. 141-2)
The notion of a political-sexual critique is …consideration of Foucault’s own political dissent.  

Our alternative is the individual critique in this round – our alternative truly opens up space for new avenues of liberation strategies resulting in true transformation
Foucault, 1988
(Michel, Foucault: Politics, Philosophy, Culture, Interviews and other writings, 1977-1984, originally printed in the liberation newspaper on May 30-31, 1981)
After Michel Foucault the critic, … and institutions that will always be the same.

Tournament: Plano East Day 2 | Round: 2 | Opponent: Coppell ON | Judge: Rory McKenzie
A. Uniqueness - The IAEA continues to walk on a budget tight-rope, the 2012 budget barely saw any increases, while its investment fund keeps it afloat
Pomper , senior research associate @ James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, and Dover, research assistant @ CNS, September, 2011 World Politics Review - Michelle and Miles, “The IAEA's Political Balancing Act,” nhttp://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10145/the-iaeas-political-balancing-act?page=3 SM
Although the IAEA has been charged with increased responsibilities … 2013 budget is again being held to a zero-growth policy.

B. Link – SMR expansion collapses the IAEA by straining critical resources
Lyman, Dr., Senior Scientist @ Global Security Union of Concerned Scientists, July 14, 2011 Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations United States Senate, “An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors,” One Hundred Twelfth Congress, 1st Session, pg. 27, accessed on 8-30-12 SM¶
The distributed deployment of small …SMRs around the world would be difficult, if feasible at all. 

C. Internal Link - fragile safeguard budget of the IAEA prevents nuclear terrorism
Allison, Director of Center for Science and International Affairs @ Harvard, and Sreenivasan et al, former ambassador of India, May 2008 “Reinforcing the Global Nuclear Order for Peace and Prosperity - The Role of the IAEA to 2020 and Beyond,”- Report prepared by an independent Commission at the request of the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency SM
Seen against the immense consequences for …projects of interest to the donor, leaving ¶ other urgent priorities unfunded. 

D. Impact - nuclear terrorism sparks global nuclear war and extinction.
Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand – Victoria University of Wellington 2010
(Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects”, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33(7), July)
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear … might not help the chances of nuclear restraint.

Tournament: Plano West | Round: 3 | Opponent: Coppell ON | Judge: Toby Wisenhunt
A. Unique link – Obama focused on CIR – Compromise needed plan breaks it
Bennett and Parsons 10/24/2013
(Brian and Christi LATimes “Obama softens tone on immigration reform”
http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-immigration-obama-20131025,0,6755968.story accessed tm 10/25)
The White House effort to … programs, and ramping up border security.

Any renewables investment will face opposition – Republicans will prioritize the military
SustainableBusiness.com, News 13
6-19-13, “Renewables Slashed as GOP Shifts Budget To Defense”, http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/24988, accessed, 7-07-13 AMS

Just as Ernest Moniz, …breakthrough energy research.

Immigration reform key to prevent economic collapse
Milller 2013 – former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper  (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)

When it comes to restoring strong…all of our country.
US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact
O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)

Lastly, American economic …is not reestablished.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Highland Park MN XX | Judge: Megan Mapes
Uniqueness and internal link
Energy reform will pass this year – Nieto political capital key
Financial Times 11-22-13
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/391cd9b0-52a7-11e3-8586-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2lQCOn7h7 accessed tm 11-22
As Enrique Peña Nieto approaches his first … this month and market optimism is running high.
Link -- engagement with the US via the plan unpopular
Starr , Director, U.S.-Mexico Network, Associate Professor (NTT), University Fellow12 (Pamela K. Starr, Center on Public Diplomacy at the University of Southern California, “U.S.-Mexico Relations and Mexican Domestic Politics,” October 2012, https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=3andcad=rjaandved=0CD4QFjACandurl=http 3A2F2Fcollege.usc.edu2Fusmexnet2Fwp-content2Fuploads2F20102F102FCamp-Oxford-paper-final.docandei=mTLYUZTDMbOLyQGT14GwCQandusg=AFQjCNH_cqiYTQRo7SFmpfWugH9ABshhCgandsig2=_M2KmLNnt3e8v4vVshc_fQMRG)
The nature, depth, and anti-American undertones …constrained in situations where Congress has interests. 

Internal link and impact 

1. Energy reform key to Mexico competitiveness and economy
   MBW 13 (Mexico Business Web, “Competitiveness tied to Energy Reform,” July 10, 2013, http://www.mexicanbusinessweb.mx/eng/2013/competitiveness-tied-to-energy-reform//MRG)
   Competitiveness tied to energy reform … to adapt to the new world energy order.

2. Economic decline will lead to an arms race and nuclear war
Heinberg  senior fellow at the Post Carbon Institute12 (Richard Heinberg, , Conflict and Change in the Era of Economic Decline: Part 2: War and peace in a shrinking economy,” December 12, 2012, http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-12-12/conflict-and-change-in-the-era-of-economic-decline-part-2-war-and-peace-in-a-shrinking-economy//MRG)
But there is a problem with Pinker’s implied conclusion that global violence … are sufficiently bankrupt that they cannot afford to mount foreign wars on any substantial scale

Tournament: Plano East Day 2 | Round: 2 | Opponent: Coppell ON | Judge: Rory McKenzie
Text:  With the government of Mexico and private interests in Mexico, the United States federal government should expand cooperation for investment and integration of renewable energy, including but not limited to, increasing bilateral mechanisms at the border, through international mechanisms such as the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and through the Mexican government’s renewable energy fund as well as increasing investments in human capital through increased collaboration between university level programs and support Mexico-based training programs.  We’ll clarify.  

Solvency – their own author concludes that mexico is key for renewable energy cooperation not nuclear power
Wood, 2010
(Duncan Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Environment, Development and Growth: US-Mexico Cooperation in Renewable Energies," May 2010,
http://sitemaker.umich.edu/ipe2012/files/usmexico_cooperation_renewable_energies.pdf accessed tm 1/3)

The need for integration of North American … the Mexican renewable energy sector holds enormous potential to contribute even more in the future.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hendrickson TG | Judge: Dustin Darby
Economic engagement will be used by Mexico to further their neoliberal agenda
Muñoz-Martínez, Professor of Political Science at University of New Brunswick, 2009
(Hepzibah, December 15th, 2009. “Crisis, Populist Neoliberalism, and the Limits to Democracy in Mexico” Global Research http://www.globalresearch.ca/crisis-populist-neoliberalism-and-the-limits-to-democracy-in-mexico/16563 accssed TM 9/9)
Forbes magazine recently placed two Mexicans…Mexican Congress in the context of the global crisis.

Neoliberalism driven structural violence in Latin America results in political violence and exclusion
Sanchez 6
R Magaly is currently a Senior Researcher and Visiting Scholar at the Office of Population Research, at Princeton University. She has been Professor of Urban Sociology at the Institute of Urbanism at the Universidad Central de Venezuela. “Insecurity and Violence as a New Power Relation in Latin America” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science http://ann.sagepub.com/content/606/1/178.full.pdf+html MW
The social expression of violence in Latin America…and criminal-citizen (Galtung 1998; Hernández 2002).

As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002
(Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can...responsibility for intellectuals.

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood BC | Judge: Faraz Hemani
Text:  The executive of the United States should diplomatically engage the government of Cuba through the Organization of American States and convene a summit of foreign ministers from the Americas, including the foreign minister from Cuba, for the purpose of normalize diplomatic relations with Cuba.  
US Incremental Engagement with Cuba through OAS structures good -- enhances OAS institutional credibility
 Perez, Yale Law School, 2010 (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department,” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, DL)

Washington should incrementally engage Cuba ...humanitarian crisis response, and the drug trade. n29
OAS multilateralism key to solving multiple impacts
ILO No Date- International Labour Organization (International Labour Organization, “Organization of American States”, No Date, http://actrav.itcilo.org/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/law/oasint.htm)

The Heads of State and Government … society; and partnership for pollution prevention.

Tournament: Arlington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Law Magnent MG | Judge: Danny Abraha
USFG requires Cuban nationals to have OFAC licenses to join the mlb
Dunn, a partner with the Washington, D.C. based international trade law firm of Stewart and Stewart , October 10, 2013
(Alan M. , U.S. Individuals and Companies Prohibited from Engaging in Transactions with Cubans, Including Cuban Athletes, unless Certain Narrow Exemptions Apply, PR Web, http://www.prweb.com/releases/Top-Law-Firm-DC/Stewart-and-Stewart/prweb11219529.htm, Accessed: 11/1/13, CD)

In certain circumstances the regulations … sponsors, or any other U.S. person, Dunn said.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Milton HH | Judge: Judy Butler
The United States federal government should _ if and only if Mexico agrees to apprehend Rafael Caro Quintero for pending drug charges and extradite him to the United States to serve the remainder of his sentence.  
A. Quintero release put U.S. Mexico relations into decline, conditioning the plan on extradition is key to preserve relations
Dallas Morning News, ’13 (“Mexican cartel leader’s release an outrage”, August 12, 2013, http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130812-editorial-mexican-cartel-leaders-release-an-outrage.ece, accessed 1/3/14, JF)
Few cases did more to sour U.S.-Mexico relations …cartel leaders that they will not escape justice for their crimes.
B. Relations key to Central American stability
Selee and Wilson 12
(Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute, “A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf, accessed 1/13/14 bh)
As Mexico’s security crisis begins to recede…. reshape the region’s political and social landscape.
C. Instability causes global war
Rochlin 94 James Francis, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University College. “Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America,” p. 130-131, 1994
While there were economic motivations for Canadian …, such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter.

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Campus WY | Judge: PJ Martinez
Text:  
The United States federal government should enter into a Space-Solar Energy Consortium with China, Japan and Russia.  We’ll clarify
Specifically, SPS cooperation uniquely good for US leadership and for alternative energy
Cox, retired prosecutor and public interest lawyer, 2011
(William John, March 23, 2011, http://www.consortiumnews.com/Print/2011/032311b.html, 6-27-11)

President Kennedy once said, “We choose to go … of unlimited and unimaginable futures that surround and await us. 

And we solve the climate advantage better and faster
Now is key – SPS solves climate change and the tech is ready to slow the rate
Hadhazy, Staff writer for the Scientific American, 9
(Adam Hadhazy, scientific american, 4/16/9, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=will-space-based-solar-power-finally-see-the-light-of-day, 6/23/11, KJ)
Pacific Gas and Electric Co. (PGandE) has long invested in …to penetrate, says Frank Little, associate director of the CSP.

Tournament: University of North Texas | Round: 3 | Opponent: Grapevine BC | Judge: Dan Rowe
Text: The 50 states of the United States and all relevant territories should increase pay for any teacher in Science, Technology, Engineering and/or Mathematics, create certification programs that create certification for Science, Technology, Engineering and/or Mathematics as a separate certification track, create a compensation scheme whereby students who pass Science, Technology, Engineering and/or Mathematics Advanced Placement Tests, and the teachers who teach them, will get bonus compensation modeled after the already existing Dallas model, and should incorporate Career and Technical Education into their curricula. The fifty states and all relevant territories should use any funds for Science, Technology, Engineering, and/or Mathematics curriculum.

State leadership on STEM education solves better than federal action
Lips, Education Analyst in the Domestic Policy Studies Department at Heritage, and McNeill,
Policy Analyst in Homeland Security at Heritage, April 15, 2009
Dan and Jena, A New Approach to Improving Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Education, http://www.heritage.org/research/education/bg2259.cfm#_ftn38
Even though the government has spent…learning should be applied to STEM education.

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 3 | Opponent: Westwood MW | Judge: Saad Khalid
TPA wont pass – house democrats
McLamb and Togni, reporters for King and Spalding Legal, 12/2/13
(Alex and Patrick J., Lexology, “New trade agreements spark old divides over Trade Promotion Authority renewal,” 12/2/13, http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b6e53b92-e6bf-45fd-85be-6fde2534f466, accessed 12/6/13 bh)
In recent weeks, Trade Promotion Authority ("TPA") legislation … other new economic issues resulting from globalization.

internal link – Obama persuasion key to getting votes to get through TPA
Reuters 11/19/13
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/19/us-usa-trade-tpa-idUSBRE9AI12P20131119  accessed tm 11-22
The Obama administration's hopes of ….Congress make TPA a priority next year, but he put TAA on his must-do list for 2013.

 Link plan popular – increases his ability to push TPA
Both the US public and Congress support lowering the embargo
Lee and Hanson 13 Brianna Lee and Stephanie Hanson, Senior Production Editor; both from the Council on Foreign Relations, January 31, 2013, “US-Cuba Relations” http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113#p3, 8/21/13, PB
What is U.S. public opinion on the isolation of Cuba? Some U.S. … a way that enhances U.S. interests" (PDF).

Internal link and impact -- TPA eliminates opportunity to revise bad agreements – allows agreements like the TPP that destroy the environment
Nash-Hoff, Huffington Post contributor, 7-10-13
Huffington Post, “The Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement Would Harm Our Environment”, Lexis, accessed 7-12-13 * note that the links in this card are links to the articles that the Nash-Hoff article links to from the site

Jul 10, 2013 (The Huffington com/ Delivered by Newstex)
Proponents say that the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement … to granting the President "fast track authority."

Environment  key to human survival and economic vitality
Mutel, 2007, The Emerald Horizon: The History of Nature in Iowa, University of Iowa historian of science, Cornelia, p. xvi-xvii
There is little question that Iowa will remain primarily a … for the natural world so that it can continue to nurture life, as it has done since life began.

Tournament: Arlington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Law Magnent MG | Judge: Danny Abraha
Uniqueness --  Obama push needed to get past opposition – will be a tight squeeze to get the votes
Politico 11-13-15
http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/obama-trade-agenda-99838.html
Meanwhile, the Obama administration faced …legislation in a speech on exports last week in New Orleans.
Plan unpopular- Cuban American Senators don’t like visas to Cuban people
Pecquet, The Hill, 12
Julian, 6-7-12, “Cuban-American senators hit brick wall with Obama administration on Cuba policy,” http://thehill.com/blogs/global-affairs/americas/231487-cuban-american-senators-hit-a-brick-wall-with-obama-administration-on-cuba-policy accessed 7-5-13 UR

The Senate's two Cuban-Americans spent … power while impoverishing the Cuban people.

And  Obama need to use pol cap to get it through – plan drains
PALMER 10-23-13
Doug “Does President Obama have chops to wrap up his trade deals?” Politico
http://www.politico.com/story/2013/10/barack-obama-trade-deals-98712.html#ixzz2ilNTUODi  accessed tm 10-25
While Obama mentioned TPA in … share of the weight on this one,” Froman said.
Internal link and impact –failure to get TPA dooms free trade
Passing TPA would be a crucial signal of revitalized US trade leadership.
Robert Zoellick 6/14/13 eleventh president of the World Bank, US trade representative 2001-2005 Payoff from the World Trade Agenda Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC June 14, 2013  http://www.piie.com/publications/papers/transcript-20130614.pdf
Robert Zoellick: Yeah. Well, I guess I’ll expand on some of the remarks … issues globally, you can start to get some other allies. 

Cross applied 1ac impact

Tournament: University of North Texas | Round: 3 | Opponent: Grapevine BC | Judge: Dan Rowe
Uniqueness and internal link  – Obama pushing TPA – going to pass now
ICTSD 9/26/13
(International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development Bridges Weekly Trade News Digest • Volume 17 • Number 31 • 26th September 2013  http://ictsd.org/i/news/bridgesweekly/176508/  accessed tm 9/26)
US President Barack Obama publicly called…hope to complete by late 2014.

Mexico investment tanks political capital—Transboundary agreement proves
Brown and Meacham, writers for The Hill, 13
Neil and Carl, June 5, 2013, Brown is non-resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Meacham is director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies “Time for US-Mexico Transboundary Agreement”, http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement
 accessed 9/3/13 JH

Given the foreign policy, energy security, and … our companies are willing partners. That is good for Mexico and for the U.S.
Obama need to use pol cap to get it through
PALMER 10-23-13
Doug “Does President Obama have chops to wrap up his trade deals?” Politico
http://www.politico.com/story/2013/10/barack-obama-trade-deals-98712.html#ixzz2ilNTUODi  accessed tm 10-25
While Obama mentioned TPA in …  share of the weight on this one,” Froman said.

Internal link and impact –failure to get TPA dooms free trade
Passing TPA would be a crucial signal of revitalized US trade leadership.
Robert Zoellick 6/14/13 eleventh president of the World Bank, US trade representative 2001-2005 Payoff from the World Trade Agenda Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC June 14, 2013  http://www.piie.com/publications/papers/transcript-20130614.pdf
Robert Zoellick: Yeah. Well, I guess I’ll expand … these issues globally, you can start to get some other allies. 

Free trade creates relations that foster peace and resolve conflict
Foulkes 2012 (“The Magic of Free Trade,” 10-22-12, http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/the-magic-of-free-trade#axzz2YCcbjJVp, SP)
What’s more, free trade among … basic human right to freely and peacefully exchange with others.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood JN | Judge: Lesly Gutierrez
Text:  We ask the judge to join us in demanding that the National Debate Coaches Association, summer debate workshops run in summer 2014, and any other appropriate entities, sponsor and conduct truth and reconciliation commissions at tournaments and at summer workshops for the purpose of addressing sites of exclusion in the debate community and marginalization of individuals based on their identities.  The truth and reconciliation model utilized by the Republic of South Africa should serve as a model for the forums.  
TRC process and mandated report provides complex method for understanding the implications of exclusions analogous to apartheid in debate
ALLAIS, 2012
(LUCY. “Restorative Justice, Retributive Justice, and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission” Philosophy and Public Affairs 39, no. 4 accessed tm 1/16)
The TRC was a process instituted by an act of ….Victims’ Committee, the Reparations Committee, and the report. 

TRC solves racism better – delegitimizes dominant exclusionary practices.  The view that the ballot is the best mechanism for accomplishing their goals merely reinscribes the exclusionary space.  TRCs can redefine the limits of power, deterritorialize historic divisions and reterritorialize the space of debate with those excluded 

Inwood, 2011
(Joshua, Department of Geography , University of Tennessee “Righting Unrightable Wrongs: Legacies of Racial Violence and the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission”  Annals of the Association of American Geographers Published online: 01 Sep 2011 accessed tm 1/18)

To address hegemonic racism … that they are both in and of the city.

Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 1 | Opponent: Coppell BJ | Judge: Jesse Anyalebechi
Email 15135@jcpstudents.org for T cite requests.