1AC-Poly-Vocal Advocacy 1NC- Framework Topicality Case China SOI 2NC- Case Topicality 1NR- Framework 2NC-T Framework Case
Arlington
1
Opponent: Saginaw | Judge:
1AC- Invest in Mexico Education Organized Crime Poverty Civil War Impact Framing 1NC-China SOI Neolib 50 States CP impact framing 2NC-China SOI Impact Framing 2NR- Neolib 2NC- Neolib impact framing
Colleyville
2
Opponent: Emporium RH | Judge:
1AC- Personal narrative 1NC- Counter-Advocacy argument culture DA Neolib K narratives bad 2NC- Counter-advocacy argument culture DA 1NR- Neolib K narratives bad 2NR- Counter-advocacy argument culture DA
Colleyville
2
Opponent: Emporium RH | Judge:
1AC- Personal narrative 1NC- Counter-Advocacy argument culture DA Neolib K narratives bad 2NC- Counter-advocacy argument culture DA 1NR- Neolib K narratives bad 2NR- Counter-advocacy argument culture DA
Colleyville
3
Opponent: Grapevine BJ | Judge:
1AC- Cuba ICT 1NC- CIR Politics EU CP Case defense 2NC- CIR Politics Cybersecurity 1NR- EU CP Transition 2NR- CIR Politics EU CP
Colleyville
5
Opponent: Hebron FR | Judge:
1AC- PoE's 1NC- T Politics Neolib Case Defense 2NC- Neolib Case Defense 1NR-Politics T 2NR- Politics Case Defense
Coppel
2
Opponent: Law Magnet | Judge:
1AC- Cuba Embargo Counterfactual 1NC- Cuba Embargo CP Neolib K Case Turns T-should 2NC- Neolib case turns 1NR- T-should Cuba Embaro CP 2NR- Neolib Case turns
Coppel
4
Opponent: Law Magnet | Judge:
1AC-WildersonAfropessimism 1NC- Neolib case turns T-increase Framework 2NC- Neolib case turns 1NR- Framework 2NR- Neolib case turns
Flower Mound
1
Opponent: St Marks SA | Judge: Sam Shore
1AC- Normalize trade relations w Cuba 1NC-Neolib K politics case 2NC-Neolib case 1NR- Politics 2NR- Neolib
Hockaday
1
Opponent: WT White | Judge:
1AC- Cuba Sugar Ethanol 1NC- Neolib hardliners da CIR politicsT case defense 2NC- Hardliners case defense T 1NR- CIR Politics 2NR- conceded in 1AR
Hockaday
4
Opponent: Law Magnet | Judge:
1AC- Cuba baseball Organized crime (terror) Baseball Diplomacy (heg) 1NC- Hardliners DA CIR politics T Case defense MLB Counterplan 2NC- CIR Politics organized crime defense 1NR- T Hardliners MLB counterplan baseball diplomacy defense 2NR- Hardliners CIR politics case defense
Newman Smith
2
Opponent: Greenhill- MW | Judge:
1AC- Technical aid to Mexico Cooperation-disease and biofuels IP Leadership-China relations lead to war 1NC- Neo-Lib T case defense 2NC- Neo-Lib K 1NR- T and case 2NR- Neo-Lib
Newman Smith
3
Opponent: Benton | Judge:
1AC- Lift travel ban Economy- Airlines key to economy Democracy- human rights and democracy 1NC- Neo-Lib K T Tourism DA case turns 2NC- Neo-Lib K 1NR-T Tourism DA 2NR- Tourism DA
Plano West
1
Opponent: Hebron CA | Judge:
1AC- ontological interrogation of cold war politics 1NC-Framework Neo-lib on-case 2NC-on-case Neo-lib 1NR- Framework 2NR- Neo-Lib On-case
Plano West
4
Opponent: Colleyville QO | Judge:
1AC- lift cuba embargo Human Rights Ethics Framing 1NC- Coloniality CIR Politics Hardliners Turn Extinction Outweighs 2NC- CIR Politics 1NR- Extinction outweighs hardliners turn 2NR-Extinction outweighs hardliners turn
Plano West
5
Opponent: Prosper DA | Judge:
1AC- full lifting of the embargo Relations Economy 1NC-T Case turns (ag and free trade)Tourism DA CIR Politics 2NC- case turns (ag FT Hardliners) 1NR-CIR Politics 2NR- Case turns (ag FT Hardliners)
UNT
2
Opponent: Moore MS | Judge:
1AC- Science coop with Cuba Disease bioterror and prolif Heg and democracy 1NC- T coloniality Heg turns 2NC- Heg turns 1NR- Coloniality 2NR- Heg turns and coloniality
UNT
4
Opponent: Guyer | Judge:
1AC- Fund the ACCT Sex trafficking Relations (Heg) 1NC-CIR Politics States CP impact defense 2NC- Impact defense States CP 1NR- CIR Politics 2NR- CIR politics impact defense
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Economic engagement will be used by Mexico to further their neoliberal agenda Muñoz-Martínez, Professor of Political Science at University of New Brunswick, 2009 (Hepzibah, December 15th, 2009. “Crisis, Populist Neoliberalism, and the Limits to Democracy in Mexico” Global Research http://www.globalresearch.ca/crisis-populist-neoliberalism-and-the-limits-to-democracy-in-mexico/16563 accssed TM 9/9) Forbes magazine recently …the global crisis.
Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, 2010 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER It is fitting … walk the earth.
C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged. Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002 (Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224) Relentless criticism can … responsibility for intellectuals.
1nc Counterplan
Text: The 50 states of the United States and all relevant territories should increase pay for any teacher in Science, Technology, Engineering and/or Mathematics, create certification programs that create certification for Science, Technology, Engineering and/or Mathematics as a separate certification track, create a compensation scheme whereby students who pass Science, Technology, Engineering and/or Mathematics Advanced Placement Tests, and the teachers who teach them, will get bonus compensation modeled after the already existing Dallas model, and should incorporate Career and Technical Education into their curricula. The fifty states and all relevant territories should use any funds for Science, Technology, Engineering, and/or Mathematics curriculum.
State leadership on STEM education solves better than federal action Lips, Education Analyst in the Domestic Policy Studies Department at Heritage, and McNeill, Policy Analyst in Homeland Security at Heritage, April 15, 2009 Dan and Jena, A New Approach to Improving Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Education, http://www.heritage.org/research/education/bg2259.cfm#_ftn38 Even though the … to STEM education.
Academic Partnership allows states to opt out of no child left behind to use them for any education purposes Lips, Education Analyst in the Domestic Policy Studies Department at Heritage, June 19, 2007 Dan, Reforming No Child Left Behind by Allowing States to Opt Out: An A-PLUS for Federalism, http://www.heritage.org/research/education/bg2044.cfm The Senate Version. The stated purpose of the Senate version of the Academic Partnerships Lead Us to Success Act (S. 893) is: "To give States and local communities maxi mum freedom to determine how to boost aca demic achievement and implement education reforms." "To reduce the administrative costs and compli ance burden of Federal education programs to focus Federal resources on improving academic achievement." "To ensure that States and communities are accountable to the public for advancing the academic achievement of all students, espe cially disadvantaged children."14 Under this act, .. under state law.
2. Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm) As China plays … to surprise the world.
Moral absolutism suffers from tunnel vision that generates evil and political irrelevance Jeffrey C. Isaac, professor of political science at Indiana-Bloomington, director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale, Spring 2002, Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest As writers such … undermines political effectiveness.
Case Outweighs: Existential risks come first – other impacts like liberation or freedom can’t compare to the loss of all humanity’s ability to experience them in the first place Arendt, 1954 (Hannah, former visiting scholar at UC Berkeley, Columbia, and Northwestern and former professor at U Chicago, Yale, Wesleyan and Princeton, “Europe and the Atom Bomb” The Commonweal 60, 578-580) *this evidence has been gender modified* Ultimately, this argument … its old plausibility.
Calculation inevitable: you have a duty to avoid worse consequences David Campbell, University of Newcastle Professor of International Politics, 1999, Moral Spaces: Rethinking Ethics and World Politics, edited by Campbell and Michael J. Shapiro, p. 45-6 In this context, … in all its forms.
Extinction comes first Cummiskey ‘96 (David, Associate Philosophy Professor, Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, p. 129-131) It does, however… saved, the better.
Predictions Valid Our predictions are valid – empirical observation based on factual information yields accurate knowledge claims Chernoff, 2009 (Fred, Prof. IR and Dir. IR – Colgate U., “Conventionalism as an Adequate Basis for Policy-Relevant IR Theory,” European Journal of International Relations, 15:1, Sage) For these and … the foregoing discussion.
A. Interpretation: The affirmative should defend plan of federal government action that increases economic engagement toward one of the topic countries
Colon following resolved means USFG is the Agent Army Officer School 2004 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm) The colon … petition the mayor.
2. “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means Ericson 2003 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4) The Proposition of … that you propose.
B. Violation: the aff doesn’t defend state action – they only defend in round advocacy
C. Prefer our interpretation of the debate round and vote neg
Predictable Limits: their interpretation allows philosopher of the day affs and an infinite number of personal actions – explodes research burden and destroys competitive debate And these limits are key to ensure competitive equity for both teams which is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit of their advocacy—decades of social science confirm Pearce, director of International Public Policy Research, 7 (Nick Pearce, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness,” JDP) In the 1970s, … loyalty and cooperation.
2. Predictable Ground – debating USFG action allows for the best opportunity for quality discussion and is key to all neg CP’s, DA links, and K links based off the resolution. Our interpretation allows the aff to discuss their philosophy. It just needs to be grounded in USFG action
3. Better education - Discussion of state policy is key to skill development and breaking down of preconceived notions about the state and individuals – while helping to break out of traditional pedagogy and enhances active learning—even if we aren’t in positions of power – we’re a better way to access their claims about creativity Esberg and Sagan 2012 Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108 These government or … act on information.14
T
Interpretation--Increase means to make greater Meriam Webster 13 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/increase in•crease verb \in-?kr?s, ?in-?\ in•creasedin•creas•ing Definition of INCREASE … augment 2 obsolete : enrich
Violation—plan does not cause greater economic engagement, merely preserves the status quo
Topicality is a voter for
Neg Ground—affirmative doesn’t increase engagement, denying us access to all of our links—they can claim to spike out of all DAs because literature on the resolution assumes increase in SQUO engagement, kills competitive equity and opens the floodgates for abuse
Topic specific education—Affirmatives that don’t increase engagement are detrimental to increases in topic education early on in the resolution—they don’t drive negatives to perform unique research
China DA
A. Unique link -- Engagement is zero-sum – China’s power depends on America’s neglect. The plan reverses the trend, undercutting China’s influence in the region Kreps ’13 (Sarah E. Kreps and Gustavo A. Flores-Macías are Assistant Professors of Government at Cornell University, “No Strings Attached? Evaluating China’s Trade Relations Abroad,” May 17, 2013, http://thediplomat.com/china-power/no-strings-attached-evaluating-chinas-trade-relations-abroad/) To be sure, … projecting influence abroad.
2. Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm) As China plays … surprise the world.
Case
Turn—Global Scholarship
A. Politicizing scholarship destroys cross-boundary exchange—academic freedom from political consideration is critical to global scholarship
Fish, Davidson-Kahn Distinguished University Professor and a professor of law at Florida International University, in Miami, and dean emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, March 15, 2009 Stanley, To Boycott or Not to Boycott, That Is the Question, http://fish.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/to-boycott-or-not-to-boycott-that-is-the-question/ Whatever their political … not academic solidarity.
B. Destruction of global scholarship destroys the aff’s ability to retain the knowledge they espouse—without communal ties, these communities are unable to create consensus Hausknecht, member of the Department of Sociology at Hunter College of The City University of New York, Fall 2007 Murray, Scholars and Public Debate, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=931 From this perspective… community is built.
Turn—Traditional Cultures
Critical pedagogies rejection of traditional authority destroys voices of indeginous cultures who don’t want to commit to this change, propping up elitist controls Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002 C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens The root metaphors … American political system.
Poly-vocality = bad
Focus on embracing marginalized voices ignores the structural components of oppression – turns their advocacy and proves their advocacy can’t solve Taft-Kaufman ’95 Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq The postmodern passwords …that fuel them.
Methods first bad
Methodologies are always imperfect – endorsing multiple epistemological frameworks can correct the blindspots of each Stern and Druckman 2k (Paul, National Research Council and Daniel, Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution – George Mason University, International Studies Review, Spring, p. 62-63) Using several distinct … or data source.
Turn - Methods shouldn’t come first – they are a means to an end. Treating method as an exclusive endpoint legitimizes the very thing they are critiquing Fearon and Wendt, Professor of Poli Sci at Stanford and Professor of IR at Ohio State,2002 (James and Alexander, Handbook of International Relations, ed. Carlsnaes, p.68) It should be stressed … all three levels.
Existential risks come first – other impacts like liberation or freedom can’t compare to the loss of all humanity’s ability to experience them in the first place Arendt, 1954 (Hannah, former visiting scholar at UC Berkeley, Columbia, and Northwestern and former professor at U Chicago, Yale, Wesleyan and Princeton, “Europe and the Atom Bomb” The Commonweal 60, 578-580) *this evidence has been gender modified* Ultimately, this argument … its old plausibility.
Life prerequisite to value to life—we have to prioritize survival over value of life – also proves that the alt and the aff are not mutually exclusive you can prioritize contemplating life and life at the same time Kacou, 2008 (Amein, Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, Vol 4, No 1-2 (2008) http://cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/92/184# accessed tm 3/5) We are now … value of life.
11/16/13
Colleyvill round 2 vs Emporium RH
Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 2 | Opponent: Emporium RH | Judge: K Focus on representations and rhetoric displaces focus on agency and lived experience of capitalism – necessary to break down system Cloud 2006 (Dana Cloud, associate professor of rhetoric, UT Austin, Dana L. Cloud (2006) The Matrix and Critical Theory's Desertion of the Real, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 3:4, 329-354, DOI: 10.1080/14791420600984243) ¶ Perry Anderson argues … structuralism and relativism. Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, 2010 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED It is fitting … walk the earth.
C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged. Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002 (Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224) Relentless criticism … responsibility for intellectuals. Discussion Counter Advocacy 1nc shell Patrick and I offer the following counter- advocacy: We ask the judge to join us in demanding that the debate community engage in community wide discussions about the marginalization and identity issues identified by the Aff outside of the debate round. These discussions should occur during throughout tournaments, including during power match breaks. We demand tournaments set aside an accessible location for these discussions to occur. Net benefits – avoids argument culture and case turns Solvency -- We believe that the use of the ballot in this debate round to interrogate privilege, social location and sites of exclusion is counterproductive. The use of the ballot ruptures potential coalitions and hardens positions in a way that is not good for those experiencing exclusion and does not challenge those who perpetuate the exclusion. We think an underexplored element of the Aff is the justification for the use of the ballot as the method for addressing exclusion.
Argument Culture DA a. link -- We should be able to agree on some things. The aff’s attempts to claim that we should just clash on their issue rather than the resolution solidifies an “argument culture” that promotes dubious arguments such as Holocaust Denial and Climate Change Deniers – under the guise of debate. Tannen, Professor of Linguistics at Georgetown University, 1998 (Deborah, “The Argument Culture,” March 27, 1998, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/march98/tannen_3-27.html) DEBORAH TANNEN, Author, … the other side. b. The impact – THE DEBATE COMMUNITY NEEDS TO PROMOTE A SENSE OF COMMONALITY. YOUNG PEOPLE AND EDUCATORS ARE CRITICAL TO THE BROADER SOCIAL MOVEMENT that confront militarism and economic disparity in the real world – turns back their activism claims
Giroux, December 2 (Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University, “Hope in the Age of Looming Authoritarianism,” http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/20307-hope-in-the-age-of-looming-authoritarianism) We live at … politics of possibility.
2. College debate cautionary tale impact – we don’t have a card on this but you only have look to the college community, the death of college programs, the number of coaches and debaters quitting because they get called a racist whether they are or not, the NDT taking out liability insurance for the first time because they are afraid that fist fights will break out and they will be liable – this is the fate of a community that turns on itself without redressing the real problems in the community. Whatever side of the college community you are on, the fact we think of it as sides in the community is a cautionary tale to high school. Vote neg to ensure the vitality of a community that interrogates its sites of exclusion without imploding.
Case Narratives in debate bad 1nc frontline Use of narratives means that insiders and outsiders will never have a common ground for dialogue – if narrative method right then they can never address the problems they identify Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School ,1995 (Anne, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider ScholarshipAuthor(s)” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1229-1340 jstore accessed tm 12-7) An unexplored implication … and legal redress.45
NO solvency for their narrative project – representation of experience are just that – representations not the real experiences. As a result, the pursuit of change via narrative replicates the reigning system – means that there is no independent reason to vote for their narrative Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School ,1995 (Anne, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider ScholarshipAuthor(s)” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1229-1340 jstore accessed tm 12-7) Curiously, although outsiders' … sequences of events.86
Self –editing inherent in narrative form undercuts ability to claim revolutionary potential – the absence of any story of inclusion in debate in the 1nc proves the claim. Two implications – no reason to vote for them because of some inherent value of the ballot to promote change in the community. Two – their absolute claims of exclusion inaccurate representation of debate Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School ,1995 (Anne, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider ScholarshipAuthor(s)” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1229-1340 jstore accessed tm 12-7) Our culture privileges … of outsider storytelling.
Turn -- No revolutionary potential – their method entrenches the system they repudiate AND justifies the “pull yourself up by your bootstraps” mentality that fractures the movements they claim to want to spark to challenge the hegemony of the debate community Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School ,1995 (Anne, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider ScholarshipAuthor(s)” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1229-1340 jstore accessed tm 12-7)
Nor do the … outsiders would dismantle Use of personal narrative commodifies – and can never be free of the imposed expectations of the audience – means you can’t prefer their method as a way to challenge the existing structures Coughlin, Associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School ,1995 (Anne, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider ScholarshipAuthor(s)” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 5 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1229-1340 jstore accessed tm 12-7) Despite its potential .. tells the story?
2/1/14
Colleyville Round 3 vs Grapevine BJ
Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Grapevine BJ | Judge: CP Text: The European Union should fund the sale and investment of information communication technology in Cuba. Observation One: Avoids _Politics_ Net Benefit. Observation 2: Solvency EU can fund Cuban telecom Clegg, lecturer in politics and the University of the West, Bristol UK, 13 (Peter Clegg, "EU-Cuban Relations: An End To ‘Constructive Engagement’?" July 2, 2013, www.erpic.eu/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=1303Aeu-cuban-relations-an-end-to-constructive-engagementandcatid=313Aoctober-2003andItemid=79, accessed bh 1/14/14)
The relationship between … exploration and nickel. DA Will Pass – GOP moving to pass legislation -Midterms: GOP needs to sway the Hispanic vote -Pressure from the Chamber of commerce -push from top republicans -must restore congressional image -general resurgence of the issue proves Kiefer, Staff Writer for The Christian Science Monitor, 1/30/14 (Francine, The Christian Science Monitor, “Immigration reform: Why are House Republicans poised to act now?,” 1/30/14, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2014/0130/Immigration-reform-Why-are-House-Republicans-poised-to-act-now, accessed 1/30/14 bh) House Republicans, now … change from that.”
Link their solvency advocate links to politics – democracy promotion makes Cuba ICT policy too political Piccone et al – their solvency advocate, senior fellow and deputy director for FoPo @ Brookings, 2010 (Theodore J., Christopher Sabatini, senior director of policy for the Americas Society/Council of the Americas and EIC of Americas quarterly, Carlos Saladrigase, co-chairman of the board of the Cuba Study Group, Brookings Institute, “Bridging Cuba Communication Divide: How U.S. Policy Can Help,” July 2010, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2010/7/1520cuba20communications/07_cuba_telecommunications_piccone.pdf, accessed 1/22/14 bh)
Why? The technical … sling against Goliath.
Passing unpopular issues breaks cooperation in the House after the budget debate Journal News 10-17-13 http://www.lohud.com/usatoday/article/3000575 accessed tm 10-17 WASHINGTON - Before the … work that way." Immigration reform allowing workers key to prevent economic collapse Milller 2013 – former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)
When it comes … all of our country. US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)
Lastly, American economic … is not reestablished.
1nc Cybersecurity Advantage Frontline
No Impact – their Hernandez evidence only says that Huawei technology can be hacked to access user information, not that it is a key part of accessing US military technology 2. Impact inevitable -- They don’t solve Huawei expansion into Africa which makes cyberattacks that actually have a risk of occuring inevitable Reed, national security reporter for Foreign Policy, 13 (John, Foreign Policy, “Africa's Big Brother Lives in Beijing”, July 30, 2013, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/07/30/africas_big_brother_lives_in_beijing_huawei_china_surveillance?page=0,0, accessed 1/16/14 bh) In Africa, however, … us," added Chertoff. 3. no solvency -- US telecom expansion can’t force out Huawei – theyre too integrated in the squo O'Connor, U.S. Navy Lieutenant and Master of Science in Cyber Systems and Operations, 13 (Nicholas C., "THE LONG-TERM U.S. STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF HUAWEI_S PENETRATION IN LATIN AMERICA" March 2013, calhoun.nps.edu/public/bitstream/handle/10945/32876/13Mar_O'Connor_Nicholas.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 1/16/14 bh) Another adversary that … in the past. 4. Squo solves -- CYBERCOM funding and workforce have increased to combat China and other cyber threats offensively and defensively Romm, tech reporter for POLITICO Pro, 13 (Tony, POLITICO, “Pentagon’s cyber arm poised to expand role,” 12/23/13, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/12/pentagon-cybersecurity-role-101485.html#ixzz2qxd29nPS, accessed 1/20/14 bh) Cyber Command became … strategies in secret. 5. Cuba isn’t key to Chinese cyberstrategy, 3 reasons: a) Their Cereijo evidence doesn’t say China uses Bejucal Base for Cyber capabilities, only that some Chinese people visited there b) This evidence is from “US Action News: for those in their RIGHT mind” – its just right wing fear mongering reject the evidence c) Cereijo is a lecturer in engineering which means he is not qualified to make claims about Chinese military strategy 6. The impact is inevitable – their Gertz card doesn’t assume Chinese-Cuban cooperation on Cybersecurity which means China still has the ability to attack the US post-plan because they will still have a foothold in Cuba 1nc Transition Advantage Frontline
no solvency Internet democracy promotion fails – doesn’t replace the Castros and Georgia proves there is no way to ensure sound democratic leadership Firchow, Assistant Professor of the Practice at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, 12 (Pamina, “A Cuban Spring? The use of the Internet as a tool of democracy promotion by USAID in Cuba,” 5/23/12, http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/members/congress-papers/lasa2012/files/22913.pdf, accessed 1/15/14 bh)
One of the … as a whole. 2. Double bind – their Biddle solvency evidence says Cuba has expanded a network of fiber optics and internet cafes in Squo – means either the status quo solves the advantage OR it proves that Castro restricts the technology to the elites and the plan cant do anything to resolve that
3. They cant have their cake and eat it too – their Walser evidence says that the Obama administration needs to generate international awareness of internet censorship in Cuba but they base the advantage on no government censorship, three reasons censorship is a barrier to democratic transition:
a. Telecom Italia – owned 27 of Cuban telecom, but sold it back because they wanted to abandon their complicity in violating Cubans rights Claver-Carone, Executive Director of Cuba Democracy Advocates in Washington, D.C, 2011 (Mauricio, Capitol Hill Cubans, “Telecom Italia Tired of Tapping Cubans Phones,” 1/2/11, http://www.capitolhillcubans.com/2011/01/telecom-italia-tired-of-tapping-cuban.html, accessed 1/21/14 bh) In other words, … censoring the Cuban people
b. The Cuban people – report blocked website, disabled computer functions and disclosure of personal information – prefer this evidence on specificity because our author is a Cuban journalist Cervantes, Cuban journalist and photographer, 2013 (Nico, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, “Tight Controls over Cuban Web Access,” 8/16/13, http://iwpr.net/report-news/tight-controls-over-cuban-web-access, accessed 1/21/14 bh) Internet users in … web in 1996.
Toward, prep¶ Of … and cf. to prep. 2e. B. Violation— improving border efficiency does not increase economic engagement with Mexico as the object of the attention C. Topicality is a voter for
Predictable research—affirmatives that do not directly engage resolution member countries shift the focus of the discussion away from policy implementation inside member countries to domestic implementation, destroying core topic specific education 2. Explodes the topic—justifies any aff which retrofits one entry point into the United States, adding many new affirmatives to the topic with no increase in unique education gained, ultimately killing depth of topic specific education on other affirmatives
K Link - Economic and physical integration proposed by the Aff greases the wheels of global capitalism entrenching disparity further Robinson, Professor of Sociology at the University of Santa Barbara, 2008 (William I, Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective, p. 20-1)
By synchronizing each … and social sphere. The Neolib government uses POE’s as key nodes for its agenda Heyman 2004 (Josiah, McC. Heyman 2004, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas at El Paso, Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 11: 303–327, 2004 Ports of Entry as Nodes in the World System, TMcRae)
Ports of entry … (world systemic) relations.
Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, 2010 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED It is fitting … walk the earth.
C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged. Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002 (Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224) Relentless criticism can … responsibility for intellectuals.
Link: Any plan involving giving money to Mexico will be heavily criticized by conservatives- empirically proven Pastor ‘8 Robert, Prof and founding director of the Center for North American Studies, The Future of North America, July/August, http://www.american.edu/sis/cnas/upload/ForeignAffairs_Pastor_On_NA_072008.pdf, 8/21/13, PB
The immigration debate … the nafta agreement.
Passing unpopular issues breaks cooperation in the House after the budget debate Journal News 10-17-13 http://www.lohud.com/usatoday/article/3000575 accessed tm 10-17 WASHINGTON - Before the … work that way." Immigration reform allowing workers key to prevent economic collapse Milller 2013 – former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)
When it comes … of our country. US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)
Lastly, American economic … is not reestablished.
Integration Protectionists will backlash against plan Field 12 (Alan M, writer for the Canadian Sailings website, “Will protectionist murmurs deter efforts to forge even closer economic integration”, July 5, http://www.canadiansailings.ca/?p=4319#sthash.EBghHG0k.dpuf, TMcRae)
Anti-globalisation sentiment … able to resist. No Solvency- Too many alt causes Hanson 2012 (Gordon, H. Hanson Professor Hanson holds the Pacific Economic Cooperation Chair in International Economic Relations at UC San Diego, research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992 (economics) “Understanding Mexico's Economic Underperformance” Regional Migration Study Group August 2012, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/rmsg-mexicounderperformance.pdf, accessed 8/18/13, TMcRae)
Any discussion of … to Mexico’s constitution.
If we increase border crossings, Maquiladoras will revive Paley 2013 (Dawn, Paley is a journalist from Vancouver, BC (Coast Salish territories). She’s written for magazines and newspapers including the The Guardian, Vancouver Sun, The Globe and Mail, BC Business Magazine, and The Nation. In 2010, Dawn completed her Masters in Journalism at the University of British Columbia. “A Rough Guide to Obama’s Mexico Visit” Americas Program of the Center for International Policy 5/2/13 http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9449?utm_source=feedly, accessed 8/22/13, TMcRae)
There’s a demand … the US/Mexico border.
This leads to problems for the Mexican Economy – turns back the advantage Diederich 2012 (Phillippe, Diederich is a freelance writer, photographer and educator. His work has appeared in the NYT, Time magazine, US News, and he has won numerous awards for his photography and writing. Born in the Dominican Republic and raised in Mexico City and Miami. “Do not be fooled by the ‘Maquiladora Economy’” July 17, 2012 http://www.voxxi.com/do-not-be-fooled-by-maquiladora-economy/#ixzz2UeLxV0Wh, accessed 8/22/13, TMcRae)
Maquiladora is a … methods of manufactu Squo solves- sufficient measures in place to prevent terror over the border Department of Homeland Security 13 (No Author Given, The Department of Homeland Security, “Protecting Our Borders – This is CBP”, 03/11/2013, http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/about/mission/cbp.xml, accessed 8/19/13, TMcRae)
CBP assess all … food related emergencies. 2. Terrorists have no desire to work with the Cartel, their philosophies and methods don’t mix Cárdenas 2013 (Ana Lucía Dávila, Cárdenas es la Asesora de la Dirección General en Fundación Ethos, Assistant to the Director at the Ethos Foundation ITESM Campus Monterrey Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in International Relations, International Relations and Affairs, Policy Intern - Hispanic Leadership Network American Action Network, Analyst assistant at the Permanent Mission of Mexico to the U.N. 3rd Commission: Human Rights, “Why Al Qaeda is not likely to act Hispanic.”, 4/26/13 http://policyinterns.com/2013/04/26/why-al-qaeda-is-not-likely-to-act-hispanic/, accessed 8/18/19, TMcRae)
And Gohmert is … comprehensive immigration reform.
2. Terrorists are unable to attack the US, let alone get nuclear weapons Mearsheimer 11 (John J., Mearsheimer is the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. He is on the advisory council of The National Interest, and his most recent book, Why Leaders Lie: The Truth About Lying in International Politics, was published in January 2011 by Oxford University Press., “Imperial by Design,” January 11, http://nationalinterest.org/article/imperial-by-design-4576?page=3, accessed 8/24/13, TMcRae)
The fact is … reactions to peanuts.”
2/3/14
Coppel Round 2 vs Law Magnet
Tournament: Coppel | Round: 2 | Opponent: Law Magnet | Judge: T Should = present
A. Should expresses future action even if it is the past tense of shall American Heritage 00 (The American Heritage Dictionary, 2000)
should ( P ) Pronunciation Key (shd) aux.v. Past tense of shall Used to express … her a note. 2. Prefer our interp – takes into consideration traditional meaning American Heritage 00 (The American Heritage Dictionary, 2000)
Usage Note: Like … Note at shall.
B. Violation—A counterfactual action does not mandate a future action, the Aff only talks about past actions
C. Vote Negative
Limits—The affirmative explodes the topic because they allow for past action as well as future action, which destroys research burden and fairness in round
2. Ground—All of the disadvantages are predicated off uniqueness of the present. The affirmative moots this ground because a reduction in the future.
3. Topicality should be evaluated under competing interpretations—topicality should determine what the optimal resolution should look like in terms of predictability and fair ground while reasonability is arbitrary.
They don’t get any cards past 1960
CP K Link - Economic and physical integration proposed by the Aff greases the wheels of global capitalism entrenching disparity further Robinson, Professor of Sociology at the University of Santa Barbara, 2008 (William I, Latin America and Global Capitalism: A Critical Globalization Perspective, p. 20-1)
By synchronizing each … and social sphere. Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, 2010 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED It is fitting … walk the earth.
C Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged. Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002 (Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224) Relentless criticism can … responsibility for intellectuals.
Counter Factuals Bad Resolutional statement need only be shown true at ANY point in time. Aff over-exploit this relative to conventional fiat, making the round unfair.
Voight ‘95 Phillip Voight is Director of Forensics and Visiting Instructor at Gustavus Adolphus College – “Thinking in Time: The Importance of Temporal Location in Argument” – vol 16 – CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE – available at: http://cedadebate.org/CAD/index.php/CAD/article/viewFile/199/184 The most obvious … counter-factual examples.
And, Affs will over-exploit this bias. They’ll dodge any item they don’t want to debate by fiating before it existed.
Voight ‘95 Phillip Voight is Director of Forensics and Visiting Instructor at Gustavus Adolphus College – “Thinking in Time: The Importance of Temporal Location in Argument” – vol 16 – CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE – available at: http://cedadebate.org/CAD/index.php/CAD/article/viewFile/199/184 Beyond the difficulties … no theoretical recourse.
This destroys decisionmaking—falsifiable data and tested hypothesis are key to legal decisionmaking Kirk Heilbrun, Law-Psychology Program, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, 1997, “Prediction Versus Management Models Relevant to Risk Assessment: The Importance of Legal Decision-Making Context,” Law and Human Behavior, Vol. 21, No. 4,
In theory, at … in the present situation.
Counterfactual thinking makes the false assumption that things would be better when the only known quality of the outcome is that it would just be different Rob Dobrenski, Psychologist, August 11, 2008 (Counterfactual Thinking (How Changing the Past Wouldn’t Necessarily Make Your Life Better),” Shrinktalk.net, accessed 4/30/11 http://shrinktalk.net/?p=107)
Unfortunately, this type … you’ll never know.”
Turn—Anthropocentrism
A. Giroux’s critical subject is anthropocentric—he places man on an artifical mantle of superiority justifying violence against animals
Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002 C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens A second root … of the problem.
3. Turn—Traditional Cultures Critical pedagogies rejection of traditional authority destroys voices of indeginous cultures who don’t want to commit to this change, propping up elitist controls Bowers, teaches education and social thought at the University of Oregon, Feb 2002 C A, Toward an Eco-Justice Pedagogy, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandlr=andsafe =offandq=cache:rFigy8OJle0J:web.pdx.edu/pdx01401/anecojusticepedagogy2003.pdf+Nietzsche+AND+Giroux, 10/4/06, Stevens The root metaphors … American political system.
in•crease verb \in-?kr?s, ?in-?\ in•creasedin•creas•ing Definition of INCREASE … augment 2 obsolete : enrich B. Violation—plan does not cause greater economic engagement, merely preserves the status quo C. Topicality is a voter for
Neg Ground—affirmative doesn’t increase engagement, denying us access to all of our links—they can claim to spike out of all DAs because literature on the resolution assumes increase in SQUO engagement, kills competitive equity and opens the floodgates for abuse 2. Topic specific education—Affirmatives that don’t increase engagement are detrimental to increases in topic education early on in the resolution—they don’t drive negatives to perform unique research
FW A. Interpretation – the affirmative must defend and specify a specific plan of action that is topical under the resolution Resolved implies a policy Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm
Resolution A legislative … to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) B. Violation: the affirmative does not provide a specific plan of action C. Prefer our interpretation of the debate round and vote neg
Predictable Limits: their interpretation makes being neg impossible – we can’t predict what philosophy of the day the aff will choose and its impossible to research the infinite number of personal advocacies And these limits are key to ensure fairness for both teams which is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit of their advocacy —decades of social science confirm Pearce, director of International Public Policy Research, 7 (Nick Pearce, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness,” JDP)
In the 1970s, … loyalty and cooperation. 2. Predictable Ground: Requiring the aff to defend a stable plan is crucial for the neg to have a consistent target to prove wrong – key to DA and K links based off of a topical action and CP’s that are at the core of negative strategy 3. Better Education and Method for Decision Making: Debating about solutions to problems in the form of a plan best way to achieve deliberation and grow decision making skills Hanghoj 2008 Thorkild, PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf Joas’ re-interpretation of … of problem-based scenarios. Neolib Focus on identity politics and language shortcircuits the revolution – need material class focus to address root causes of oppression. Plan’s focus delays the revolution moufawad-paul PhD in Philosophy,13, (Jost, 4/23/13, M-L-M Mayhem!: Marxist-Leninist-Maoist reflections, “10 Theses on Identity Politics,” http://moufawad-paul.blogspot.com/2013/04/10-theses-on-identity-politics.html, Accessed 7/4/13, JB).
1) By basing a … centres of imperialism.
Impact – continued spread of neoliberalism leads to planetary collapse Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, 2010 (Professor Antonia Darder, Distinguished Professor of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, “Preface” in Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement by Richard V. Kahn, 2010, pp. x-xiii) GENDER MODIFIED It is fitting … walk the earth.
Alternative -- As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged. Kovel Professor of Social Studies at Bard 2002 (Joel, , The Enemy of Nature, p224) Relentless criticism can … responsibility for intellectuals.
Case Wilderson’s argument is too sweeping, denies Black agency, and links to anti-politics BÂ 11 (Dr. Saër Maty, Professor of Film – University of Portsmouth and Co-Editor – The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, "The US Decentred: From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation", Cultural Studies Review, 17(2), September, p. 385-387)
A few pages … answers in tow.’ Denying Agency is independently wrong – should be rejected Mahoney ’92 (MARTHA R. MAHONEY – Associate Professor, University of Miami School of Law. Southern California Law Review – University of Southern California – March, 1992 – 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1283 – lawrev; lexis)
Once exit is … inconsistent personal behavior. Pessimism about possibility of change is and makes oppression worse – must reject inaction and endrose progressivism through collective and state action Jones ’99 Richard Wyn Jones is at Cardiff University, where he is currently a Professor of Politics. Professor Wyn Jones is the former Director of the Institute of Welsh Politics and professor in critical security studies at Aberystwyth University. Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory – 1999. ISBN 1-55587-335-9 (hc. :alk. paper) ON-LINE ED.: Columbia International Affairs Online, Transcribed, proofread, and marked-up in HTML, September 1999.
An even more … pessimism is unwarranted. Fatalism Turn WIlderson’s ontological descriptions make fatalism inevitable - their advocacy then doesn’t even solve for itself Bâ (teaches film at Portsmouth University (UK). He researches ‘race’, the ‘postcolonial’, diaspora, the transnational and film ‘genre’, African and Caribbean cinemas and film festivals) 11 (Saër Maty, The US Decentred, Cultural Studies Review, volume 17 number 2 September 2011)
In chapter nine…v answers in tow.’ (340) Fatalism and nihilism entrenched by their advocacy greatest threat to existence – must reject Miah quoting West in 94 (Malik Miah, Cornel West's Race Matters, May-June, http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/3079)
In the chapter, “… be no struggle.” (14-15)
Non – falsifiable – Wilderson’s unverifiable generalizations are understandable because he relies on Lacanian and Marxist structuralism – his methodology proves Wilderson ’10 (Frank, Assoc prof of African American Studies – Cal-Irvine, Red, White, and Black, 23-24)
Throughout this book … structure US. antagonisms. Wilderson essentializes and limits – turning the emancipation they seek. Ellison ’11 Dr Mary Ellison – University College of Aberystwyth – Review of: Red, White and Black: cinema and the structure of US antagonisms By FRANK B. WILDERSON III (Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2010), 388 pp. Paper £15.99 – Race 26 Class 53(2) – October-Dec – 2011 – Sage Pubs – also a review of African American Actresses: the struggle for visibility 1900–1960 By CHARLENE REGESTER (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2010), 408 pp. Paper 2427.95. http://rac.sagepub.com.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/content/53/2/100.full.pdf+html
These are two … truly meaningful way.
1/11/14
Flower Mound Round 1 vs St Marks SA
Tournament: Flower Mound | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Marks SA | Judge: Sam Shore K Trying to better Latin America by forging economic connections is part of a long history of US imperialism – both protectionism and free trade are two sides of the same colonial way of thinking Grosfoguel 2k (Ramon, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley, “Developmentalism, Modernity, and Dependency Theory in Latin America” Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 2, pg 359-361)
The modern idea … and meat exports.
Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary Maldonado-Torres 08 (Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)
Dussel, Quijano, and … , as Fanon suggested."
Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity. Mignolo 09 Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a … the final judgment.1
The question of this debate is how best to challenge colonial institutions and foreground the lives of marginalized populations – this is an ethical imperative. Mignolo 2009 (Walter Mignolo, 2009, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent thought, and deconlonial freedom, http://waltermignolo.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/epistemicdisobedience-2.pdf, Walter Mignolo is a semiotician and Professor at Duke Univeristy, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked on different aspect of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thinking, and pluriversality)
Passing unpopular issues breaks cooperation in the House after the budget debate Journal News 10-17-13 http://www.lohud.com/usatoday/article/3000575 accessed tm 10-17 WASHINGTON - Before the bill … work that way." Immigration reform allowing workers key to prevent economic collapse Milller 2013 – former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)
When it comes … of our country. US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)
Lastly, American … is not reestablished.
Case AG
No internal Link their King card only makes a claim that cuba’s energy sector is failing not agriculture 2. No solvency- Cuba agriculture failing now, state control over the agriculture sectors has caused massive inefficiency’s in their agriculture sector plan cannot overcome this problem FRANK, Reuters Havana Reporter , Tue Jul 30, 2013 (MARC, Cuba reports little progress five years into agricultural reform, Reuters, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/07/30/uk-cuba-reform-agriculture-idUKBRE96T0VK20130730, Accessed: 12/3/13, CD) (Reuters) - Agriculture in Cuba … and other supplies.
Success is not … a bean-counter culture. 4. No spill over, Shkolnick 12 only indicates a small market no mechanism to overcome current subisidized agriculture 5. Turn - Lifting Embargo promotes US neoliberalism which overwhelms Cuban sustainable ag Gonzalez, Assistant Professor at Seattle University School of Law, ‘03 (Carmen G., Seasons of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Cuba, p. 729-33, accessed on 8/21/13, BT)
Notwithstanding these problems, … crisis and isolation. MultiLat
Multilateral institutions are weak - have no autonomy and states can withdraw Keohane et al, 09 (Robert O – Professor of International Affairs from Princeton University, Stephen Macedo – Professor of Politics and University Center for Human Values at Princeton University, Andrew Moravcsik – Professor of Politics and director of European Union Program from Princeton University, International Organization Vol. 63, No. 1, Winter 2009, pp. 1-31, JSTOR, accessed on 12/16/13, AW) The general observation … of these states. 2. No Solvency – Dickerson and Von Burgsdorf are about other countries perception – zero reason why hardcore GOP officials are going to change Transition Mexico is a failed state and a worse threat for terrorism which which proves non-unique because the US can focus of multiple places at once. Empirically denied—This advantage assume a complete collapse of Cuba economy which is empirically denied for the last 50 years of the embargo and does not assume that everyone else in the world engages Cuba Economic transition is working in the status quo now—economic democracy and gradual reforms will succeed Levine, 13 (Cody, The Political Bouillon, “Transition in Cuba: Then and Now”, Jan 24, http://thepoliticalbouillon.com/en/transition-in-cuba-then-and-now/, date accessed 12/1/13, EIL)
Beyond the classic … limited political rights.
No timeframe for their scenarios—short term reform turns short circuit the advantage and turns the case
1/25/14
Hockaday round 4 vs Law Magnet
Tournament: Hockaday | Round: 4 | Opponent: Law Magnet | Judge: T – Substantial
Interpretation—Substantially means action taken must be substantial Watson, Senior Judge, 2k (James, Unisted States Court of International Trade, May 23, http://www.cit.uscourts.gov/SlipOpinions/Slip_op00/00-57.pdf, CMR) In T.D. 92-108, … English Language Unabridged (1968).
“Substantial” means requires specification to a large degree—prefer common interpretations to legal definitions Arkush 2 (David, JD Candidate – Harvard University, “Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources”, Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, Winter, 37 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 131) Plaintiffs should argue … quantity or dimensions"). 101
Violation—plan does not specify the action to a large degree, only increases eligibility for O and P visas
Topicality is a voter for fairness and education Negative literature base—lack of specification of large degree of action denies us access to DAs based on plan size like spending and politics—allows for the affirmative to spike out of specific links in the 2ac
Meaningful Clash—Lack of degree spec means the damage is already done—forces us into generic DAs with limited links, strangling discussion and sets a precedent for future debates to be devoid of offense requiring realistic affs, destroys topic-specific education Effects Topical- eligibility portion of the plan justifies no floor to how many visas they can issue means they can just spike out links by decreasing the magnitude of the aff Extra T- Economic engagement is what happens after the Cubans come over to play baseball, not the eligibility
MLB Counterplan
Text: Major League Baseball of the United States should amend Rule 4 (a) and Rule 3 (a)(1) to permit the drafting of Cuban players and allow newly drafted players to sign contracts with teams that draft them. Major League Baseball should also impose a moderate tax on teams that draft for designed to support both the Cuban baseball infrastructure, and the Cuban scouting efforts of all teams. We’ll clarify.
Solves politics and baseball diplomacy Baseball diplomacy solved by providing support to players and the Cuban league Greller, * J.D. Candidate, May 2000, American University Washington College of Law; B.A., History, 1996, Haverford College, ‘99 (Matthew, “Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor, Your Fastball Pitchers Yearning for Strike Three: How Baseball Diplomacy Can Revitalize Major League Baseball and United States – Cuba Relations”, Lexis Nexis, accessed on 11/7/13, BT) To remain close … to Third Base.
Immigration reform key to prevent economic collapse Milller 2013 (former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR) When it comes … of our country.
US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012) Lastly, American economic … is not reestablished.
This crushes US leadership and turns the case by increasing domestic oppression Geyer 2k Georgie Anne Geyer, writer for the Chicago Tribune, citing Professor Jaime Suchlicki, director of the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami, “Ending The Cuban Embargo Would Perpetuate Castro's Totalitarian Control” 7/7, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-07-07/news/0007070222_1_cuban-american-studies-trade-embargo-free-elian
Professor Jaime Suchlicki… reaching for it. Solvency No need for the plan – Squo solves collegiate Baseball Tournament solves for relations USA Baseball 13 (USA Baseball, June 18 2013, http://web.usabaseball.com/article.jsp?ymd=20130618andcontent_id=50984258, Accessed October 26, 2013, JD) USA Baseball and … the United States."
Their own authors conclude this isn’t enough to solve baseball diplomacy Greller, * J.D. Candidate, May 2000, American University Washington College of Law; B.A., History, 1996, Haverford College, ‘99 (Matthew, “Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor, Your Fastball Pitchers Yearning for Strike Three: How Baseball Diplomacy Can Revitalize Major League Baseball and United States – Cuba Relations”, Lexis Nexis, accessed on 11/7/13, BT) Like good fundamental … Series each October.
Hegemony advantage frontline
No Internal Link- Their French Card is in the context of relations, not US leadership- nowhere in the card does it specify hegemony, leadership, or any other synonym, hold their evidence to a low standard
No impact to hegemonic decline—it doesn’t cause conflict, lashout, or draw-in—all their studies are wrong MacDonald, 11 - Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College (Paul K, Spring 2011, "Graceful Decline?: The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment", International Security, Vol. 35, No. 4, UTD McDermitt Library, KONTOPOULOS) How do great … their relative position.
The only empirical data proves U.S. hegemony’s unrelated to great power peace—every key factor in global stability is decoupled from U.S. primacy Fettweis, 10 - Professor of Political Science at Tulane University (Christopher, 2010, Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace, Google Books, p. 175-176, KONTOPOULOS) It is also … virtually risk-free.
11/9/13
UNT Round 2 vs Moore MS
Tournament: UNT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Moore MS | Judge: T Increase = mandate =/= result
Violation— Lifting Cuban embargos does not mandate economic engagement with Cuba Topicality is a voter for
Effects T—Advantage solvency of the affirmative is predicated off of resulting un-impaired trade with Cuba, not a governmental mandate to engage Cuba, means the negative loses access to DAs predicated off of mandated interaction and is forced into hyper-generic process CPs and PICs, that trivializes debate, kills education
Limits—Affirmative justifies an innumerable combination of specific embargo repeals, shifting clash away from the impacts of plan implementation and towards the merits of individual embargoed goods, damages negative ability to predict and prepare for affirmatives, killing competitive equity and adding hundreds of justifiably new affirmatives.
Coloniality
Trying to better Latin America by forging economic connections is part of a long history of US imperialism – both protectionism and free trade are two sides of the same colonial way of thinking Grosfoguel 2k (Ramon, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley, “Developmentalism, Modernity, and Dependency Theory in Latin America” Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 2, pg 359-361)
The modern idea … and meat exports.
Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary Maldonado-Torres 08 (Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, “Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-221)
Dussel, Quijano, and … , as Fanon suggested."
Our alternative is to reject the affirmative – when confronted with colonial projects the only ethical response is radical negativity. We are compelled to delink from modernity. Mignolo 09 Walter D. Mignolo, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom, Theory and Culture 2009, published 2009
ONCE UPON a … the final judgment.1
The question of this debate is how best to challenge colonial institutions and foreground the lives of marginalized populations – this is an ethical imperative. Mignolo 2009 (Walter Mignolo, 2009, Epistemic Disobedience, Independent thought, and deconlonial freedom, http://waltermignolo.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/epistemicdisobedience-2.pdf, Walter Mignolo is a semiotician and Professor at Duke Univeristy, who has published extensively on semiotics and literary theory, and worked on different aspect of the modern and colonial world, exploring concepts such as global coloniality, the geopolitics of knowledge, transmodernity, border thinking, and pluriversality)
Pillars which support US hegemony eroded-multipolarity coming now. Transition better than fighting it Lind, policy director New America Foundation and contributor to Salon.com, September 13 2011 (Michael, “State of Denial” September 13 http://mobile.salon.com/news/feature/2011/09/13/state_of_denial/index.html accessed tm 9/13) We Americans are … in the world.
2. Multipolarity is emerging now – multiple reasons Lukyanov, is editor in chief of the journal Russia in Global Affairs, 2010 (Fyodor Rethinking Russia : Russian Dilemmas in a Multipolar World, Vol. 63, No. 2, Spring/Summer 2010 page 19-32 http://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/russian-dilemmas-multipolar-world) SM Russia, for its … to be similar.
3. Turn – Heg causes Terrorism a. Increased hegemony guarantees future terrorist attacks Lindsay and Daalder, senior fellows Brookings Institution, Winter 2013 (James M and Ivo H “The Globalization of Politics: American Foreign Policy for a New Century” Brookings Review Winter 2003 http://www.cfr.org/world/globalization-politics-american-foreign-policy-new-century/p6330 accessed tm 9/9) Worse, for the … the United States.
B And, nuclear terrorism leads to extinction Sid-Ahmed, 2004 (Mohamed, political analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)
As it turned … all be losers.
4. turn - China WAR a. Upholding primacy makes US-Sino conflict inevitable Layne, 2007 (Christopher, Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University and Research Fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at The Independent Institute, “The Case Against the American Empire," American Empire: A Debate, p. 64-65)
To be sure, … is virtually certain.
b.US – China war leads to extinction Straits Times, 2000 (“Regional Fallout: No one gains in war over Taiwan,” June 25, Lexis)
THE high-intensity scenario … above everything else.
5. turn -- Proliferation A. U.S. primacy causes nuclear proliferation Weber et. al, Professor of Political Science at UC-Berkeley and Director of the Institute of International Studies, 2007 (Steven Naazneen Barma, Matthew Kroenig, Ely Ratner, “How Globalization Went Bad”, January-February 2007, Foreign Policy) SM The world is … the same place. b. And, the impact is extinction Utgoff, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis, 2002 (Victor A Survival Vol 44 No 2 Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions, p. 87-90 In sum, widespread … even whole nations.
6. turn -- Economic collapse Trying to maintain hegemony destroys the economy—controlled descent from primacy is a preferable strategy.
Adamson, second-year MAIA candidate at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center and undergraduate degree in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford, 10, (Samuel A. Bolgona Center Journal of International Affairs, Spring 2010 “Supreme Effort: A Lesson in British Decline” http://bcjournal.org/volume-13/supreme-effort-a-lesson-in-british-decline.html accessed tm 9-11) SM The aim of … to their dethronement.
Last week, Mr. Obama … president of Costa Rica. Funding Mexico unpopular – human rights issues Seelke 13 Clare Ribando, 1-29-13, Congressional Research Service Latin American Affairs specialist, “Mexico and the 112th Congress,” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32724.pdf, p.21-24, accessed 9/2/13, JH
There have been … laws are implemented.
Impact Immigration reform key to prevent economic collapse Milller 2013 (former two-term elected Kentucky State Treasurer, Miller held several other senior positions in state and federal government, including serving in Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear’s Cabinet as Secretary of Finance and Administration, as Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Department of Energy, and as Legislative Director for Congressman Jim Cooper (Jonathon, 2/17/2013 “Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html, CMR)
When it comes … of our country. US economic collapse causes war and triggers every impact O’Hanlon 12 — Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan, served as special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Asia on the National Security Council, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, Director of Research and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution, Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University, Adjunct Professor at Johns Hopkins University, holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University, 2012 (“The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon, Accessed 07-12-2012)
Lastly, American economic … is not reestablished.
CP
The 50 states and territories of the United States should substantially increase EE with Mexico by increasing funds to the ACTT States and locals are able and willing to fund the POE’s, slight change at the federal level is all that is needed Wilson and Lee 2013 (Christopher E. and Erik, Wilson is an Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, and Lee is an Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University, “THE STATE OF TRADE, COMPETITIVENESS AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING INTHE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER REGION” The State of The Border report: A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border Border Research Partnership May 2013 http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/mexico_state_of_border.pdf, accessed 8/19/13, TMcRae)
Given the fact … tough budgetary times.
State action solves better than federal action, as it leads to a greater partnership between the two nations Gerber et al. 2010 (James, Francisco, and Carlos, Gerber is a PhD California Davis San Diego State University Director of the Center for Latin American Studies (CLAS) and a Professor of Economics, Lara-Valencia is a PhD Umich, Arizona State University Associate Professor, Director, Research Network for Transborder Development and Governance, and de la Parra is El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, PhD Umich, professor Urban and Environmental Studies at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. “Re-Imagining the U.S.-Mexico Border: Policies toward a More Competitive and Sustainable Transborder Region” Global Economy Journal Volume 10, Issue 4 2010, TMcRae)
The trajectory toward … of U.S.-Mexico ties.
State action is better for the border and POE’s, multiple reasons Gerber, Lara-Valencia and de la Parra 2010 (James, Francisco, and Carlos, Gerber is a PhD California Davis San Diego State University Director of the Center for Latin American Studies (CLAS) and a Professor of Economics, Lara-Valencia is a PhD Umich, Arizona State University Associate Professor, Director, Research Network for Transborder Development and Governance, and de la Parra is El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, PhD Umich, professor Urban and Environmental Studies at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. “Re-Imagining the U.S.-Mexico Border: Policies toward a More Competitive and Sustainable Transborder Region” Global Economy Journal Volume 10, Issue 4 2010, TMcRae)
In the context … and collective action. Human Rights Political gridlock, scandals, and a myriad of foreign policy failures means Obama’s functionally a lame duck – no impact Tobin, Senior Online Editor of Commentary magazine, August 21, 2013 Commentary Magazine - Jonathan S., “Is Obama Already a Lame Duck,” http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2013/08/21/is-obama-already-a-lame-duck/ SM
It’s been a … to be heard.
Heg
No impact to hegemonic decline—it doesn’t cause conflict, lashout, or draw-in—all their studies are wrong MacDonald, 11 - Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College (Paul K, Spring 2011, "Graceful Decline?: The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment", International Security, Vol. 35, No. 4, UTD McDermitt Library, KONTOPOULOS)
Most in Washington … up the tab. No impact to hegemony—no data suggests a causal link between unipolarity and peace—the best available evidence proves a power transition would have no effect on conflict Fettweis, 10 - Professor of Political Science at Tulane University (Christopher, 2010, Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace, Google Books, p. 172-174, KONTOPOULOS)
The primary attack … no less safe.
The only empirical data proves U.S. hegemony’s unrelated to great power peace—every key factor in global stability is decoupled from U.S. primacy Fettweis, 10 - Professor of Political Science at Tulane University (Christopher, 2010, Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace, Google Books, p. 175-176, KONTOPOULOS)
The damage has been done - America’s overstretched capacities plus economic woes ensure the model of U.S. global leadership is not sustainable Gvosdev, is the former editor of the National Interest, and a frequent foreign policy commentator in both the print and broadcast media. He is currently on the faculty of the U.S. Naval War College, 2010 (Nikolas K. World Politics Review “Finding a New Model of American Leadership, July 13, 2010”http:www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/6023/finding-a-new-model-of-american-global-leadership) SM
