Tournament: Iowa Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Blake LW | Judge: Tyler Salathe
Oil dependence is critical to sustain hegemony – abdication of dependence collapses global leadership
Drezner 08 – professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University (Daniel Dresdner, 30 November-December 2008, “Oil Dependence As Virtue,” The National Interest,http://www.relooney.info/0_New_8597.pdf)
But would …short-term gains.

Tournament: Iowa Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Blake LW | Judge: Tyler Salathe
There’s a slow decrease in US oil dependence now—accelerating it hurts US-Saudi relations
Mouawad 9 (Jad, “Saudi Blasts American Energy Policy” 9/25/9, New York Times, http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/25/saudi-blasts-american-energy-policy/ MGE)
The question … transition take?

Decline in US-Saudi relations causes prolif—they can easily get weapons
LEVI 2003, Michael, Science And Technology Fellow, Foreign Policy Studies  Brookings Institution, 2003 The New Republic , June 2 http://www.iranwatch.org/privateviews/Brookings/perspex-brookings-levi-060203.htm
Realists counter … to do so.

causes a regional arms race, collapses the global economy, and results in nuclear terrorism
MCDOWELL 2003, Lt, US navy, November 2003 Steven ,“Is Saudi Arabia a Nuclear Threat?” Naval Postgrad Thesis, http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/research/theses/McDowell03.pdf
The security ….on terrorism.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Airpower doesn’t solve conflict – increases civilian casualties and motivates blowback – turns their impact
Crane, 01 Conrad, Director of the U. S. Army Military History Institute at Carlisle Barracks, and fellow at the Strategic Studies Institute, 2001  , “ Sky High: Illusions of Air Power.”  The National Interest, Fall, ebsco
Unfortunately, practice has let theory down.
AND
 human shields.(n6)

Tournament: Iowa Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Blake LW | Judge: Tyler Salathe
It solves energy independence and the US economy – Arctic has enough energy resources
Cunningham 12, Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate at the American Security Project, ’12 (Nicholas, August, “Offshore Oil Drilling in the Arctic” http://americansecurityproject.org/ASP20Reports/Ref20007620-20Offshore20Oil20Drilling20in20the20Arctic.pdf)//RZ
The Arctic region …shelf.3¶

Tournament: IHSSA State | Round: 3 | Opponent: CR Wash BK | Judge: Stephanie Hou
TEXT: The Bank Of Japan should substantially increase its economic engagement toward Mexico by creating and making semi-permanent a currency swap agreement with the Banco de México.

Bank of Japan solves case—it can buy foreign bonds
Nakamichi 12 (Takashi, staff writer at the WSJ “ BOJ Under Pressure To Buy Foreign Bonds”)kyan
The ruling Democratic … central bank buy a wider range of assets, including foreign bonds.

Unique link –perception of increased engagement with Mexico destroys Canada relations
David Crane 9, council of the Americas, “The Growing Importance of Mexico”  http://coa.counciloftheamericas.org/article.php?id=1553)
Ever since Mexico signalled its …. Mexico and either of its northern partners," the report argues.  

solve arctic conflict – extinction
Huebert 7 (Prof. Rob Huebert, Department of Political Science/Strategic Studies Program, University of Calgary, 2007, “Canada and the Circumpolar World: Meeting the Challenges of Cooperation into the Twenty-First Century: A Critique of Chapter 4 - "Post-Cold War Cooperation in the Arctic: From Interstate Conflict to New Agendas for Security." Omitted Arctic Security Issues,” http://www.carc.org/calgary/a4.htm
The potential for an accidental nuclear war remains as a threat to the Arctic regions. On January 25, 1995 Boris Yeltsin …., such options would provide Canada with a modicum of preparedness

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA

1. No impact - Present-day biopower is good and effective- death penalty abolishment proves
   Mika Ojakangas, Professor of Political Science at Helsinki College, 2005 “Impossible dialogue on bio-power,” Foucault Studies, v2, http://www.foucault-studies.com/no2/ojakangas1.pdf
   In fact, the history of modern
   AND
    of bio?power.  

Biopolitics is key to maintaining US hegemony globally
Reid 2005 (Julian; Professor of International Relations – University of Sussex) “The Biopolitics of the War on Terror” Third World Quarterly v. 26 n. 2 June
The defining
AND
 context of a global biopolitics. 

Heg prevents global nuclear wars
Khalilzad 95
(Zalmay Khalilzad, Rand Corporation, The Washington Quarterly 1995)
 What might
AND
 global stability than a bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system.

Tournament: IHSFL State | Round: 3 | Opponent: City | Judge: Croat
Unique link – US influence decreasing now but increasing influence trades off with Brazil
Crandall 11 – Associate Professor of International Politics at Davidson College; Principal Director for the Western Hemisphere at the U.S. Department of Defense in 2009; Director for Andean Affairs at the National Security Council in 2010-11 (Russell Crandall, May-June 2011, Foreign Affairs “Post-American Hemisphere: Power and Politics in an Autonomous Latin America,” 90.3, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/fora90anddiv=49andg_sent=1)//JES
POWER PLAYS Latin... to act more assertively. 

Key to multilateralism, climate change, agriculture, and nuclear elimination
Cervo, 10 – a historian Brazilian author of several books, focusing mainly on the country's foreign policy, It PhD in History by University of Strasbour (Amando Luiz, “Brazil's rise on the international scene: Brazil and the World,” vol.53 no.spe Brasília Dec. 2010, http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0034-73292010000300002andscript=sci_arttext)//HAL
Global governance...of nuclear weapons.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wayzata MK | Judge: Val
No impact to Chinese economy
Blackwill 2009 – former associate dean of the Kennedy School of Government and Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Planning (Robert, RAND, “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution”, http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf, WEA)
Next, China. … transform? No.

CCP collapse is inevitable but only a transition now is key
Li 9/26/13 (Cheng Li, director of research and a senior fellow at the John L. Thornton China Center in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings, and is a director of the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations.  “Can Xi Jinping's Governing Strategy Succeed?” September 26, 2013 http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2013/09/26-xi-jinping-china-governing-strategy-li-mcelveen)//kyan
The costs and risks … than a pipe dream.

CCP makes war inevitable and causes military modernization—transition to democracy solves
McAdam 5, Brian Former Canadian  diplomat. “Imminent collapse of Communism in China: Truth or Speculation” Prime Time 2005 www.primetimecrime.com/contributing/2005/20050805McAdam.htm
“The CCP’s … Japan since 1945.’

Tournament: UMich | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westminster CZ | Judge: Anne Peters
CIR will pass - momentum
Jacoby 10-22-13 (Tamar, “Immigration reform would help GOP”, http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/21/opinion/jacoby-immigration-after-shutdown/?hpt=ju_c2, CMR)
What are the chances … the Senate bill.¶ 

Plan costs political capital

Grandin 10 – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” New Labor Forum, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23)SJF

Similar obstacles stand … in the Andes.

Obama’s political capital is key to immigration
USA Today 10/25
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/25/obama-immigration-bill-partisanship/3188629/
In his Thursday … United We Dream.

Comprehensive immigration reform is key to the economy and highly skilled workers
Farrell 12/13/12 (Chris, a contributing editor for Bloomberg Businessweek. From 1986-97, he was on the magazine's staff, as a corporate finance staff and department editor and then as an economics editor. Farrell wrote Right on the Money: Taking Control of Your Personal Finances and Deflation: What Happens When Prices Fall? Among Farrell's many awards are a National Magazine Award, two Loeb Awards, and the Edward R. Murrow Award. Farrell is a graduate of the London School of Economics and Stanford University. “Obama’s Next Act: Immigration Reform” http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-12-13/obamas-next-act-immigration-reform) 

Washington won’t ….economically efficient.

Extinction
Harris and Burrows 9
Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict

Of course, the …. dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
CIR will pass - momentum
Jacoby 10-22-13 (Tamar, “Immigration reform would help GOP”, http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/21/opinion/jacoby-immigration-after-shutdown/?hpt=ju_c2, CMR)
What are the
AND
 with Republicans ready to move forward and pass a package of measures they could send to a conference with the Senate bill.¶ 

Plan costs political capital

Grandin 10 – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” New Labor Forum, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23)SJF

Similar obstacles stand
AND
 that have transformed Colombia into a citadel of U.S. hard power in the Andes.

Obama’s political capital is key
USA Today 10/25
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/25/obama-immigration-bill-partisanship/3188629/
In his Thursday
AND
 immigrant-youth network United We Dream.

CIR solves warming
Herman and Smith ‘10, *founder of a immigration and business law firm in Cleveland, Ohio which serves a global clientele in over 10 languages, *veteran journalist who covers international cultures and immigration issues for the Cleveland Plain Dealer (Richard and Robert, “Why Immigrants Can Drive the Green Economy,” Immigration Policy Center, 2010, http://immigrationpolicy.org/perspectives/why-immigrants-can-drive-green-economy)
It should come
AND
 that high-skill immigration creates jobs, that the current system is broken, and that action is required now. 

Extinction
Tickell, 2008 Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Guardian, 8-11, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange
We need to get
AND

the warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

Tournament: Dowling | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Niles West IT | Judge: Ehrlich, Peters, Croat
The United States federal government should
--substantially expand development, funding, and acquisition efforts for the Agile Combat Support System
----decrease its corporate income tax rate to 25 and institute corporate tax system reforms including reduction of deductions and exclusions 

The CP expands and sustains air power
Reno 11 – Lieutenant General Loren M. Reno, Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics, Installations and Missions Support, United States Air Force, “Presentation to the Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support Senate Armed Services Committee United States Senate Subject: Readiness Issues,” May 18, 2011, http://armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2011/0520May/Reno2005-18-11.pdf)
The United …combat operations. 

That solves for long term economic growth and competitiveness while avoiding the link to politics
Hodge 11 (Scott president of the tax foundation “Ten Benefits of Cutting the U.S. Corporate Tax Rate” http://taxfoundation.org/sites/taxfoundation.org/files/docs/sr192.pdf)JC
There is near … trading partners.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
No impact:
Capitalism is progressive, self-correcting, and wealth-generating – ensures sustainability
Goklany 7-Julia Simon Fellow @ the Political Economy Research Center Indur, Reason.com, “Now for the Good News,” 3/23/2007, http://reason.com/archives/2007/03/23/now-for-the-good-news

Environmentalists and
AND
 stagnation or regression.  

Capitalism is not the root cause of anything
Levin 98 – President of Yale
Richard Levin, president of Yale, 1998, The Minnesota Review, 48-49, http://www.theminnesotareview.org/journal/ns48/levin.htm
As a result of this
AND
, although with less lethal results. 

Disads:
Attacks on capitalism cede the political—kills progressivism
Wilson 2k-coordinator of the Independent Press Association’s Campus Journalism Project, author of lots of books John K, How the left can win arguments and influence people: a tactical manual for pragmatic progressives, 2000, pg. 13-14, DKP

Unfortunately, progressives spend
AND
 progressive middle-class institutions such as Social Security or public schools. 

Neoliberalism is key to biotech advancement—
Birch 6 Research Fellow working for the Center for Public Policy for Regions, Neoliberalism studies,
(Kean, University of Glasgow, Journal of Genomics, Society and Policy, Vol. 2, No. 3, “The Neoliberal Underpinnings of the Bioeconomy: the Ideological Discourse and Practices of Economic Competitiveness,” http://74.125.93.132/search?q=cache:OLzYKo7NXKMJ:www.hss.ed.ac.uk/genomics/vol2no3/documents/KBGSPVol2No32006.pdf+bioeconomy+government+interventionandcd=6andhl=enandct=clnkandgl=usandclient=firefox-a, RG)
In this sense
AND
 monopoly profits.

Biodiversity declining now—biotech key to solve
Nicholson 03 - Registered patent attorney working for the USDA Agricultural Research Service David R. Nicholson, Former Associate Solicitor at the United States Patent and Trademark Office, “Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetically-Modified Foods: Will the Developing World Bite?,” Virginia Journal of Law and Technology,  Summer, 2003, 8 Va. J.L. and Tech. 7edlee

It should also be
AND
 agricultural biotechnology operates to preserve biodiversity, not diminish it.

Capitalism best ensures value to life
Tracinski 8 – editor of the Intellectual Activist Robert, The Moral and the Practical, http://www.moraldefense.com/Philosophy/Essays/The_Moral_and_the_Practical.htm

Stated in more fund
AND
 for the political system that protects and encourages them—is an ever-increasing wealth and prosperity.
?
Rejection of cap results in global transition wars
Kothari 82 – Professor of Political Science
Professor of political science at the University of Delhi, Towards a Just Social Order, p. 571
Attempts at
AND
 global holocaust.

Alt fails
Capitalism is biologically engrained---attempts to change will fail
Will Wilkinson 5 is a policy analyst at the Cato Institute, “Capitalism and Human Nature,” Cato Policy Report Vol. XXVII No. 1 (January/February 2005) http://www.cato.org/research/articles/wilkinson-050201.html

In the spring of 1845, Karl
AND
 mind and social organization in the EEA.

Revolution is stupid and fails
Poe 12 – Washington Times (Catherine, “Why Occupy is no longer relevant,” http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/ad-lib/2012/sep/25/why-occupy-no-longer-relevant/)//HKohen

WASHINGTON, September
AND
 a nice slogan — “We Are the 99” — it didn’t do much else.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Atholton AZ | Judge: Bill Batterman
China solves the aff – room to expand
MIP 13 MIP CHINA INTERNATIONAL IP FORUM - OVERVIEW¶ May 23, 2013, Managing Intellectual Property, http://www.managingip.com/stub.aspx?stubid=20858
IP Protection … their IP rights in Mexico.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Unique link—Chinese soft power high now but the perception of the US increasing economic engagement with Latin America destroys Chinese influence
Ellis ‘11
R. Evan. Assistant Professor of National Security Studies in the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies at the National Defense University. “Chinese Soft Power in Latin America: A Case Study” Joint Force Quarterly, Vol 60. 2011. http://www.ndu.edu/press/chinese-soft-power-latin-america.html
The concept of…and the general population. 

Chinese soft power solves multiple scenarios for extinction—it’s reverse causual
Zhang ‘12
Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm
As China plays…it will continue to surprise the world.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Text: The US should
--yield its demand for strident intellectual property rights enforcement in the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas
--reduce its military operations in Colombia

That solves US credibility and expands influence in Latin america
Grandin 10 – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” New Labor Forum, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23)SJF
Here’s what such a
AND
 and toward the United States.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Boehner will pass it now, but continued credible pressure is key
Lewis 9/14 (http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Congressional-delegation-cites-fringe-4814869.php, Congressional delegation cites 'fringe' for potential shutdown¶ Charles J. Lewis¶ Updated 4:28 pm, Saturday, September 14, 2013)
¶ The debt
AND
 cause," he said.

Boehner supports a hardline approach—backlashes against the plan
Radelat 10 (Ana is a longtime Washington correspondent, writing for more than a dozen newspapers, including USAToday http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Republicans+assume+control+of+House3B+embargo+opponents+now+on...-a0245115838, “Republicans assume control of House; embargo opponents now on defensive.”, 2010 CubaNews) trepka
The GOP takeover
AND
 with authority over embargo-related legislation also strongly support existing sanctions. 

Failure to raise the debt ceiling ensures collapse of the global economy, U.S. leadership, and free trade
Davidson 9/10
Adam, co-founder of NPR’s “Planet Money,” a podcast and blog, “Our Debt to Society”, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, MCR
If the debt
AND
 and costlier.

Nuclear war
Khalilzad ’11 Zalay was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, “ The Economy and National Security”, 2-8-11, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, MCR
Today, economic and fiscal
AND
 moves in their regions.

Tournament: Iowa Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Blake LW | Judge: Tyler Salathe
Obama’s  leverage ensures a last-minute deal to avoid default
Financial Times 9/23 (“White House determined on debt ceiling”, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/9cac3f6c-2461-11e3-a8f7-00144feab7de.html#axzz2fv8PX1zr, CMR)
The Obama …plays out,” said Mr Josten.

Syria strike delay freed up Obama’s attention for debt talks – PC is key and finite – plan independently crowds out the rest of his agenda
Bohan 9/11
Caren, “Delay in Syria vote frees Obama to shift to hefty domestic agenda”, http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/?fa=52932, MCR
(Reuters) - Putting … borrowing limit.

Going over this debt ceiling uniquely undermines nasa
Davidson 9/10
Adam, co-founder of NPR’s “Planet Money,” a podcast and blog, “Our Debt to Society”, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, MCR
If the debt ceiling … (and now Greece).

NASA solves all war -~-- robust funding is key
Logsdon 07 (Dr. John M. Logsdon - Director of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University, Research professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University, “Human Space Flight and National Power,” High Frontier, March 2007, Volume 3 Number 2, pg. http://www.gwu.edu/~spi/assets/docs/DrLogsdon_HF_Article.pdf)
This question …other arenas. 

NASA science cuts independently cause extinction -~-- multiple environmental catastrophes
Killeen 5 (Timothy L. Killeen, Director – National Center for Atmospheric Research, “NASA Earth Science”, CQ Congressional Testimony, 4-28, Lexis)
NASA Earth science … multiple stresses.

Tournament: UMich | Round: 7 | Opponent: Calhoun KW | Judge: Christine Horst
Absent fiscal discipline, Moody’s will downgrade US credit rating
Gongloff 11 Mark Gongloff, Wall Street Journal, 08/2/’11, Moody’s Affirms US AAA Rating,http://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2011/08/02/moodys-affirms-us-aaa-rating/ VN
Moody’s just came … is currently expected.

That kills the economy and financial sector
NPR 13 – national public radio (“Why SandP's Downgrade Of The U.S. Credit Rating May Not Be As Bad As It Sounds”, OPB, 6/23/13, http://www.opb.org/news/article/npr-why-sps-downgrade-of-the-us-credit-rating-may-not-be-as-bad-as-it-sounds/)//js
The downgrade adds to … the global economy. 

key to solve clean tech leadership
Cogan et al 8 -- Director of Climate Change Research at RiskMetrics Group  (Doug, With climate change senior analyst ¶ Megan Good and research analyst Emily McAteer http://www.ceres.org/resources/reports/corporate-governance-banking-sector, “Corporate Governance ¶ and Climate Change:¶ The Banking Sector”, January 2008) KT
Banks are the …carbon-intensive energy ¶ technologies.

Warming and heg are both existential risks
Klarevas 9 – Professor of Global Affairs
Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs – New York University, “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony”, Huffington Post, 12-15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html
By not …potential foes in check.

Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 1 | Opponent: Niles North GS | Judge:
Their ev is just hype—everyone has given up—they’re all shallow drilling anyway
-Russia
-Brazil
-Cuba
-Venezuela
-Repsol
O'Grady 13. (Mary Anastasia, 04/24/13 "Cuba's Oil Bust". Wall Street Journal. online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324474004578442511561458392

Remember all the hype about Cuba drilling for oil ….. And Cuba remains a tropical backwater whose only claim to fame is its large collection of political prisoners.

Aff is the only mechanism for oil drilling – turns case
Reuters ’13 (Jeff Franks, “Cuban oil hopes sputter as Russians give up for now on well,” 5/29/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/29/cuba-oil-idUSL2N0EA00W20130529)//kyan

A number of factors are working … recoverable reserves," said Jorge Pinon, an expert on Cuban oil at the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy at the University of Texas in Austin.

Independently, access to US tech and finance is the only scenario for deepwater drilling
Claver-Carone 8 - Mauricio Clever-Carone, Executive Director of Cuba Democracy Advocates, Served as Attorney-advisor for the U.S. Department of the Treasury, (“How the Cuban embargo protects the environment”, Article for the New York Times, 7/25/08, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/25/opinion/25iht-edcarone.1.14793496.html?_r=0, Accessed 7/03/13, AW)
Neither is it financially or …. for the environment.

Deepwater drilling risks leaks and rapid warming
Morningstar 11 (“Drilling and Earthquakes”, http://www.huntingtonnews.net/2768, 3/27/11, Cory Morningstar, on International Advisory Board of Klimaforum, resigned as president Council of Canadians, The investigation reflects upon the decades of planning coordinated by the world's most powerful institutions, including the global banking and investment corporations, global fossil fuel energy corporations, United Nations, the OECD, the United States (US) Department of Defense, US Department of Energy, the administrations of each of the leading greenhouse gas-emitting states, and powerful NGOs.
Attempting to remove the hydrates … temperature increase of 30°F."

Causes extinction – their defense doesn’t apply
Sethness 10 Javier, “Progress In The Face Of Climate Catastrophe?”, http://www.countercurrents.org/sethness020410.htm
The status quo, like the time on which … 95 percent of all extant species went extinct. Clearly, humanity itself cannot be considered a species exempt from such peril.

Tournament: NFL Qualifier | Round: Finals | Opponent: ICW MY | Judge:
ERROR

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Unique link—lower energy prices is powering manufacturing sector
SMH 13 (Sydney Morning Herald, "Shale gas lures global manufacturers to US industrial revival," 3/27/13, http://www.smh.com.au/business/world-business/shale-gas-lures-global-manufacturers-to-us-industrial-revival-20130327-2gsyu.html#ixzz2Oqvbip1A)//a-berg
When Wolfgang
AND
 chemicals sectors to invest in new plants and expand existing facilities in the United States.

Renewables spike prices --- we have a graph
Brook 13 – Barry, ARC Future Fellow in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Adelaide, Australia, Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change, Director of Climate Science at the Environment Institute and co-runs the Global Ecology Lab.“Renewable Energy's Hidden Costs?, March 23, 2013  http://theenergycollective.com/barrybrook/201991/counting-hidden-costs-energy)//a-berg
Table 1 omitted, Figure 1 included
A recent Bloomberg press release
AND
 headed “Renewable Energy Now Cheaper Than New Fossil Fuels in Australia”, which attracted a great deal of attention.

And, manufacturing is an impact filter—deters and prevents escalation of war
O’Hanlon et al 2k12
(Mackenzie Eaglen, American Enterprise Institute Rebecca Grant, IRIS Research Robert P. Haffa, Haffa Defense Consulting Michael O'Hanlon, The Brookings Institution Peter W. Singer, The Brookings Institution Martin Sullivan, Commonwealth Consulting Barry Watts, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy January 2012,” pg online @ http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon um-ef)
The current wave of
AND
 a globalized marketplace.

Tournament: IHSFL State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Roosevelt AJ | Judge: Sprouse
Their internal link doesn’t make any sense – NADBank is doing solely environmental projects right now– expanding to transportation reverses that environmental precedent
Rodriguez 9 Raul, Chairman, Board of Advisors, North American Center for Transborder Studies, AZ State University ("The Future of the North American Development Bank," June 2009, http://wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/RODRIGUEZ20NADBANK.pdf)//AM
It is time for NADB ... February 27, 2007).

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
NO IMPACT—Public opinion checks imperial adventures
Stokes and Kohut 09- work for the Pew Research Center (May 9, 2006 “The Problem of American Exceptionalism”  http://pewresearch.org/pubs/23/the-problem-of-american-exceptionalism)
The ordinary
AND
 imperial hubris. 

all the good the US does depends on our attitude of exceptionalism
Loconte 10- Joseph Loconte is a lecturer in politics at the King’s College in New York City and a contributing editor to THE AMERICAN (March 5, 2010 “Two Cheers for American Exceptionalism” http://www.american.com/archive/2010/march/two-cheers-for-american-exceptionalism/article_print)

Of course,
AND
  that only statesmen can do.

Tournament: Mid-America Cup | Round: 5 | Opponent: Saint Paul Central NB | Judge: Gobberdiel
Framework

 “Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum
Army Officer School, 04 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)

The colon introduces …petition the mayor.

And, “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
Ericson, 03 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

The Proposition of Policy: … you propose. 

economic engagement is an attempt to influence POLITICAL behavior by economic contacts BETWEEN STATES -
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete) A REFINED DEFINITION OF … positive sanctions.

This is a prior question for meaningful debate to occur
Shively, 2000 – Assistant Prof Political Science at Texas AandM
(Ruth Lessl, Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2)

The requirements … harmony. 

Our framework forces debates on both sides of a social issue which stimulates critical thinking and helps students understand the complexities of policy dilemmas – this is critical to check dogmatism
Keller, et. al, 01 – Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago
(Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)

SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE … issue. 

Focusing on the details and inner-workings of government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems like poverty, racism and war
McClean, 01 – Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York
(David E., “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP)

Yet for some reason, at least … from philosophers and culture critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."

First, Policy debate is best for real world change, their turn towards in-round activism threatens elite takeover and destruction of debate as a oasis and neutral training ground for the real world
Coverstone ’95 (Alan, debate coach, 1995, An Inward Glance, http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/Coverstone1995China.htm)
Mitchell's argument /they believe it. 

?

Instrumental affirmation of a policy through role-playing is a prerequisite to liberal democratic participation
John Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 1999, p. 56-57
To answer this / peoples.

Second, policy education -- Education about policy issues is essential to advocacy skills and establishing agency – Their alternative perpetuates academias insulation from politics – the impact is extinction
Jentleson, Director of the Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy and Professor of Public Policy and Political Science @ Duke University ’02 (Bruce W,; “The Need for Praxis” International Security, Spring ln)
Bringing policy / which we live.

Gotta have a plan—failure to have a concrete option we can debate against guarantees that oppression continues and efforts for change backfire
STEVE 2007  (Anonymous member of Black Block and Active Transformation who lives in East Lansing, MI, Date Last Mod. Feb 8, http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/global/a16dcdiscussion.htm)
What follows … or a new state.

Third, it undermines clash—it’s impossible to engage their ideas if we don’t know what they are—that clash is critical to develop strategies and test ideas which eventually result in social change
BRANHAM 1995 (Robert, Professor of Rhetoric at Bates College, Argumentation and Advocacy, Winter)
In the years … confrontation.

Our interpretation is that arguments must be verbal, capable of refutation, and with both a claim and a warrant—pictures, images, and physical performances do not meet this
FLEMING 1996 (David, some kind of comm dude, Argumentation and Advocacy, Summer)
Others, however, have resisted the idea of non-linguistic argumentation. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1969), for example, maintain that the … do serve.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Text: The USFG should design and implement an energy framework to switch all non-renewable power sources to natural gas.

Transition to natural gas solves warming, leadership, and the economy – multiple warrants
Dratler, Professor of Intellectual Property at The University of Akron School of Law, 12
(How Near-Term Energy Policy Could Make or Break Us, jaydiatribe.blogspot.com/2012/10/how-near-term-energy-policy-could-make.html) Cal PS
The new
AND
  become more competitive abroad.

Tournament: Mid-America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Saint Paul Central FB | Judge: Karoses, Lind, Garcia
Terrorist Rhetoric key to US hegemony
Marcopolous 09 ((Alexander J., lawyer at Shearman and Sterling llp J. D at Tulane, unpublished manuscript, “Terrorizing Rhetoric: The Advancement of U.S. Hegemony Through the Lack of a Definition of ‘Terror’” January 2009, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000andcontext=alexander_marcopoulos accessed 7/23/13  DG)
When discussions arise … the post-Bush United States. ¶ 

The alternative is Chinese imperialism
Horner and Leiken 6 (Charles, graduate of University of Pennsylvania and former Adjunct Professor in Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, and Robert, Ph.D. in Politics from Oxford University, Senior Fellow at Georgetown Center for Strategic and International Studies and Brookings Institution, "Is the Chinese Model Gaining Economic and Political Influence in Latin America?", 8/10/06, www.hudson.org/files/documents/ChineseModelNov21.pdf slim_)
And the corollary to this, I .l.. space between them that one finds ones own opportunities as countries in this situation always have ever since 1945.

That kills democracy and leads to protectionism and arms races
Horner and Leiken 6 (Charles, graduate of University of Pennsylvania and former Adjunct Professor in Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, and Robert, Ph.D. in Politics from Oxford University, Senior Fellow at Georgetown Center for Strategic and International Studies and Brookings Institution, "Is the Chinese Model Gaining Economic and Political Influence in Latin America?", 8/10/06, www.hudson.org/files/documents/ChineseModelNov21.pdf slim_)
But in any case, so Latin America … Latin American left.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Text: The State of California should pass Assembly Bill 311. 

The counterplan solves the affirmative – it effectively utilizes the I-Bank to invest in infrastructure – independently recapitalizes nadbank
Medina 2013 – Chair of Assembly Committee on Jobs, Economic Development and the Economy , Jose Medina, Chair, April 9, 2013, California Legislature Committee to evaluate the merits of Jobs and Economy related projects, http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_0301-0350/ab_311_cfa_20130406_215849_asm_comm.html AT

SUBJECT : Bi-National
AND
 is exclusively capitalized through the I-Bank.

Tournament: IHSFL State | Round: Octas | Opponent: Valley SD | Judge: Panel
Your aff already happened—Connecting the Americas 2022 initiative passed  
State Department 12 (“Connecting the Americas 2022” Fact Sheet April 13, 2012 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/04/187875.htm)//kyan
U.S. Government …. systems and clean energy technology through trade missions and economic statecraft.

Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 6 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Verna
Aff is going to happen in the status quo
Wyss 11/18 (Jim Wyss 11-18-13 “Kerry harps on Cuban democracy, climate change in OAS speech” http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/11/18/3762874/kerry-harps-on-cuban-democracy.html LK)
When it comes to promoting … Americas and beyond.”

That’s a voting issue
a. proves the affirmative is not necessary – it’s a stock issue
b. Takes out all disadvantage links and counterplan ground because it’s inevitable

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola AC | Judge: Abbas
Obama PC is key to stopping a vote that would trigger Iran-US war – it’s working now
Armbruster 11/20 (National Security Editor for ThinkProgress.org at the Center for American Progress Action Fund  “U.S. Senator On More Iran Sanctions: ‘If You Want War, That Is The Thing To Do’”  http://thinkprogress.org/security/2013/11/20/2975661/feinstein-iran-sanctions-war/ sjg)
A top Senate … military action.”¶ 

Plan costs political capital
Grandin 10 – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” New Labor Forum, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23)SJF
Similar obstacles … in the Andes.

Political capital is key to prevent more sanctions
Pillar, Georgetown security studies professor, 10-18-13
(Paul, “Sabotaging Iran Nuclear Talks”, http://www.opednews.com/articles/Sabotaging-Iran-Nuclear-Ta-by-Consortium-News-Iran_Iran-Versus-Israel_Nuclear-Powers_Obama-131018-347.html, ldg)
But if you… Capitol Hill.

Negotiations failure triggers military strikes and regional proliferation-causes escalatory wars and collapses the economy.
Cordesman, CSIS, 2013
(Anthony, “Negotiating with Iran: The Strategic Case for Pragmatism and Real Progress”, 9-23, http://csis.org/publication/negotiating-iran-strategic-case-pragmatism-and-real-progress, ldg)
Nevertheless, ….of Gulf petroleum exports.

Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 6 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Verna
CP: Japan should substantially increase its investment to develop cross-border grid, transmission, and distribution infrastructure on the US-Mexico border. 

Solves the aff – Japan empirically can finance border grid projects
Bruns 11 Crossing Boundaries http://www.siteselection.com/theEnergyReport/2011/aug/energy-storage.cfm ADAM BRUNS 2011)trepka
¶ Last fall, Rubenius... energy storage market.

Tournament: UMich | Round: 5 | Opponent: West Bloomsfield HH | Judge: Bobby Ciborowski
Text: The United States federal government should
--enter into an oil spill cleanup agreement with Cuba modeled on the Joint Contingency Plan.
--give healthcare assistance to Cuba.

Agreement modeled on the Joint Contingency Plan solves
Sadowski ’11
Richard is a J.D. Candidate at Hofstra and Managing Editor of Productions of the Journal of International Business and Law, “cuBaN offshore drilliNg: PreParatioN¶ aNd PreveNtioN withiN the framework¶ of the uNited states’ embargo,” Sustainable Development Policy, Volume 12 Issue 1, Fall http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1497andcontext=sdlpandsei-redir=1andreferer=http3A2F2Fscholar.google.com2Fscholar3Fas_ylo3D201226q3Dcuban2Boil2B26hl3Den26as_sdt3D02C5#search=22cuban20oil22 kk
Further, spill … and implement it.

Their 1ac evidence says giving health care assistance to Cuba is sufficient to solve the 2nd advantage

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Atholton AZ | Judge: Bill Batterman
China tech investment increasing now and they are the global leaders, North American RandD destroys that and their economy
Mackenzie 09 (Tom, The Guardian, “China’s Giant Step into Nanotech,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/mar/26/nanotechnology-china)
The global nanotechnology …country", he adds. 

New IP cooperation incentivizes nanotech research in developing countries and expands US market share – incentives are key
Lodwick et al 7
(T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues, R. Sandler*, W.D. Kay * Nanotechnology and Society Research Group (NSRG), Northeastern University Santa Clara University, School of Law, *NSRG, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, NSRG, Deapartment of Political Science, Northeastern University, “nanotechnology and the global poor: the united states policy and international collaborations” pg online @ http://www.nsti.org/procs/Nanotech2007v1/8/T81.501, AC) trepka
Nanotechnology …markets for United States companies.

Chinese decline That sparks nationalism and lashout
Friedberg 10  Professor of Politics and International Affairs – Princeton, Asia Expert – CFR, ’10 (Aaron, “Implications of the Financial Crisis for the US-China Rivalry,” Survival, Volume 52, Issue 4, August, p. 31 – 54)
Despite its magnitude, … aggressive, ways.

Goes nuclear
Yee 2, Associate Professor of Government @ Hong Kong Baptist University, and Storey, Asian-Pacific Center for Security Studies, ‘2
(Herbert and Ian, China Threat: Perception, Myths, and Reality, p. 5)
The fourth factor … to its neighbours and the world.

Tournament: Iowa Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Blake LW | Judge: Tyler Salathe
The recession opened a rupture in neoliberalism – Latin America is trying new approaches that can transform the global economy
Grugel and Riggirozzi, 2012
Jean, University of Sheffielf, Professor Jean Grugel joined the Department of Geography in January 2011 as Professor of International Development. She graduated in History and English and has a PhD in Politics/Latin American Studies, all from the University of Liverpool. She had previously held a Chair in Politics at the University of Sheffield, and has worked at the Universities of York and Madrid, and for a short time at the Latin America Bureau as a researcher and writer. and Pia. Lecturer at the University of Southampton. PhD University of Warwick, Department of Politics and International Studies (2005), MA University of Miami, School of International Studies, Florida, USA (2001) MA in International Studies. FLACSO-Buenos Aires, Argentina (1997) BA in International Relations. Universidad Del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1995). Post-Neoliberalism in Latin America: Rebuilding and Reclaiming the State After Crisis. Development and Change 43(1): 1–21. 2012 International Institute of Social Studies. Twenty years ago, debates in the political economy of development were dominated by indebtedness, the challenges of growth and welfare in times of austerity and the absence of any apparent margin for policy choice (Haggard and Kaufman, 1992; Nelson, 1989; Stallings, 1992). To an extent, … (Hay, 2010).
US economic engagement is leveraged to re-establish the neoliberal hegemony – Latin American economies should be allowed to de-link from the US model
Harris 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordi­ nating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). “Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization,” http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf) Washington’s neoliberal …of the region. 

Unchallenged, neoliberalism results in ontological closure that ensures disposability and global annihilation -
Santos, 3
Boaventura de Sousa Santos is a leading Portuguese social theorist, the director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, and has written and published widely on the issue of globalization. “Collective Suicide?” Bad Subjects. Issue 63. April 2003. http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html In its sacrificial genocide version, neoliberalism … neoliberalism plus war.

Vote negative: Latin American experiments are creating counter-hegemony to neoliberal politics - our local resistance works in tandem to create multiple points of rupture
Peck et al 2010
Peck, J. Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Theodore, N. Urban Planning and Policy Program, University of Illinois at Chicago and Brenner, N. (2010),  Department of Sociology, New York University. Postneoliberalism and its Malcontents. Antipode, 41: 94–116. All of this begs the question of what it will take truly to escape the “neoliberal mind-map”. On their own, …hegemonic instability (Sader 2009).

Tournament: NFL Qualifiers | Round: 1 | Opponent: CR Wash IH | Judge: Graham
Easing the embargo and Technical cooperation with Cuba enables Castro to construct and complete nuclear power programs -~-- this risks meltdowns
Gaffney 98 (Frank J. Gaffney, Jr, the director of the Center for Security Policy and a columnist for The Washington Times, “Alliance Seeking to Save Castro’s Bacon,” March 17, 1998, http://www.lexisnexis.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?)
Relaxing the U.S. .... allowed to happen.

Extinction
Sanders 99 (Kevin Sanders, director of special projects at the War and Peace Foundation, New York City, “The Nightmare Scenario,” March 15, 1999, http://www.co-intelligence.org/y2k_nukes1.html)
Most worrisome, because_{, to the insects.}

Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 6 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Verna
Secondary legislation for Mexican energy reform is coming now – that’s key to implementation – Nieto cred is key
Garza 12/20/13 (Antonio Garza is a former U.S. Ambassador to Mexico. Ambassador Garza is Counsel in the Mexico City office of White and Case and serves as chairman of Vianovo Ventures, “Mexican energy reforms set stage for investment” http://www.mysanantonio.com/opinion/commentary/article/Mexican-energy-reforms-set-stage-for-investment-5082610.php)
Mexico took a giant.... can't be dismissed as a potential complication.

The plan destroys Nieto’s political agenda – his own party opposes engagement with the US
Long ‘13 (Tom, PhD in International Relations focusing on US-Latin America relations, American University Center for Latin American and Latino Studies research fellow, "Will tensions over security spoil the Obama-Peña Nieto Summit?," AULA Blog, American University Center for Latin American and Latino Studies, 4-16, 14, aulablog.net/2013/04/16/will-tensions-over-security-spoil-the-obama-pena-nieto-summit/
Peña Nieto’s political.... reform could also grow more serious.

Pemex reform is key to Chinese energy security, diversification, and economy
Fox News Latino 6/2 http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/money/2013/06/02/china-president-wants-to-open-floodgates-trade-with-mexico/ ¶ China's President Wants To Open The Floodgates Of Trade With Mexico¶ Published June 02, 2013Fox News Latinotrepka
On Tuesday President ... in Mexican oil."

Chinese economic slowdown cuases CCP collapse, Taiwan war, and destroys the global economy
Lewis 7 - Research Director of the Economic Research Council (Dan Lewis, “The Nightmare of a Chinese economic collapse”, Economic Policy Center, 4/19, http://www.economicpolicycentre.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/The-nightmare-of-a-Chinese-economic-collapse.pdf)//JS
A reduction in .... massacres in 1989. 

Chinese instability goes nuclear
Yee 2, Associate Professor of Government @ Hong Kong Baptist University, and Storey, Asian-Pacific Center for Security Studies, ‘2
(Herbert and Ian, China Threat: Perception, Myths, and Reality, p. 5)
The fourth factor...and the world.

Tournament: IHSFL State | Round: Octas | Opponent: Valley SD | Judge: Panel
Text: The United States Federal Government should
--implement a renewable portfolio standard which requires corporations to produce 20 of their electricity from sources of renewable energy including terrestrial wind, terrestrial solar, and terrestrial biomass.
--develop and implement domestic smart grids
--Reaffirm its status quo policy in increasing energy diplomacy, including but not limited to the strategies outlined in the Clinton evidence below
--We’ll clarify.

Domestic innovation solves oil independence
THEIR AUTHOR Klarevas 09 – Professor of Global Affairs, (Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs – New York University, “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony”, Huffington Post, 12-15,http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html)
By not addressing .... potential foes in check.¶ 

Current State Department strategy solves global energy diplomacy
Clinton THEIR AUTHOR 12 (http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2012/10/199330.htm, Oc 18 2012, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Energy Diplomacy in the 21st Century)
Let me speak just briefly about the three pillars of our global energy strategy. First, regarding the .... national boundaries.

Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 1 | Opponent: Niles North GS | Judge:
Text: The United States federal government should threaten to deny drilling leases to foreign companies that engage in oil drilling deals with Cuba.  The United States federal government should direct the Secretary of the Interior to rescind drilling leases to companies that engage in oil drilling deals with Cuba. 

CP prevents any Cuban oil drilling—sets an effective economic deterrent
Sadowski 11 – Richard Sadowski is a Class of 2012 J.D. candidate, at Hofstra University School of Law, NY. Mr. Sadowski is also the Managing Editor of Production of the Journal of International Business and Law Vol. XI. “Cuban Offshore Drilling: Preparation and Prevention within the Framework of the United States’ Embargo” –  Sustainable Development Law and Policy Volume 12; Issue 1 Fall 2011: Natural Resource Conflicts Article 10 – http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1497andcontext=sdlp)//kyan
On January 21, 2011, Florida … to make a stand against Cuba’s offshore oil exploration.

Tournament: Iowa Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Blake LW | Judge: Tyler Salathe
Mexico violates human rights -~-- shunning them is an a-priori reason to vote negative
Beversluis, 89 (Eric H. April 1989. “On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions.” Public Affairs Quarterly, April, vol. 3, no. 2)

A fundamental task … have put it.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Atholton AZ | Judge: Bill Batterman
Text: The Office of the United States Trade Representative should reform the Special 301 report to
--remove corporate influences from the listing process
--increase the transparency, fairness, and objectiveness of the Special 301 Process
--permanently take China and Canada off of all Special 301 lists

Here’s a solvency advocate – the lack of transparency, corporate lobbying, and placement of countries that don’t belong increases hostility and undermines IP cred
Their Author Sutton 2k12
(“Special 301 Report 2012: The USTR’s Bogus List of Countries That "Don't Enforce" Copyrights,” pg online @ https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/05/special-301-report-2012-ustrs-absurd-list-international-disappointments ghs-ef) trepka
¶ ¶ ¶ As Michael Geist …empirical evidence.¶

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Text: The United States federal government should end subsides for industrial farms, increase financial incentives for the use renewable energy, and increase scientific grants for the purposes of organoponic research. 

Eliminating subsidies is key to change the US ag sector
Their author, Peters 10 –  LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

The U.S. agricultural
AND
 from other countries.15

Renewables solve warming
Bose 10 (Bimal K. Bose, The Condra Chair of Excellence in power electronics at the University of Tennessee, March 2010, “Global Warming: Energy, Environmental Pollution and the Impact of Power Electronics”, Industrial Electronics Magazine, IEEE 4.1 JG)
Nuclear power is
AND
 be saved by improving efficiency in generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy.

Increasing research solves—companies will adopt
Shkolnick, 12 - J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)
Many of the
AND
 agriculture to flourish.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola AC | Judge: Abbas
Countries looking to model cuba ag now, but failure dooms the spread
Barclay 3- writer and reporter
(Eliza Barclay, “Cuba's security in fresh produce,” Food First, September 12th, 2003, pg. http://www.foodfirst.org/node/1208)//HA
The news of … of its advocates.

Lifting the embargo will collapse Cuban agriculture – US agribusiness will buy it out
Crawford, 3 - Associate Professor, Georgia State University College of Law (Colin, “Necessity Makes the Frog Jump: Land-Use Planning and Urban Agriculture in Cuba” 16 Tul. Envtl. L.J. 733, lexis)

On September 26… to jump.

That prevents agricultural collapse -~-- extinction
Peters, 10 –  LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
An adequate …, nutritious food.

Tournament: IHSFL State | Round: 5 | Opponent: Roosevelt | Judge: Chase
Economic engagement must be gov to gov, not private engagement – aff’s private
Daga, 13 - director of research at Politicas Publicas para la Libertad, in Bolivia, and a visiting senior policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation (Sergio, “Economics of the 2013-2014 Debate Topic:¶ U.S. Economic Engagement Toward Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela”, National Center for Policy Analysis, 5/15, http://www.ncpa.org/pdfs/Message_to_Debaters_6-7-13.pdf)
Economic engagement ... than to others.

Its shows ownership
GTG 2005    Glossary of English Grammar Terms,
(http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/possessive-pronoun.html)
Mine, yours, his, hers,... and shows that it belongs to me.)

Tournament: Iowa Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Blake LW | Judge: Tyler Salathe
Engagement towards a government must be condo, the plan isn’t
Haass and O’Sullivan, 2k - *Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution (Richard and Meghan, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies” Survival _{vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf
Many different … facilitate cooperation.}

Tournament: Mid-America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Saint Paul Central FB | Judge: Karoses, Lind, Garcia
The federal government is divided into three branches.
Rotunda 01
Richard Rotunda, professor of law at the University of Illinois, 2001; 18 Const. Commentary 319, “The Commerce Clause, the Political Question Doctrine, and Morrison,” L/N
The Framers … of Congress. n12

‘The’ means all parts -- aff only uses executive branch
Merriam-Websters 8 Online Collegiate Dictionary, http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary
4 -- used as... whole the elite

Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBS DL | Judge:
TPA is top of the agenda and will pass but continued political pressure is key--failure collapses global trade, the economy and US leadership.
McLarty 2/2-former chief of staff to Clinton during the NAFTA ratification fight
Huffington Post 2/2/14
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thomas-f-mclarty/a-critical-test-of-leader_b_4705623.html
A Critical Test of Leadership... leaders of his own party, can work together?

Plan costs political capital

Grandin 10 – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” New Labor Forum, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23)SJF

Similar obstacles stand .... in the Andes.

Free trade prevents multiple scenarios for world war and WMD Terrorism
Panzner-New York Institute of Finance-8
Michael, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” pg. 136-138
Continuing calls for curbs... new world war.

Loss of US economic leadership causes extinction
Lieberthal and O’Hanlon 12 - *Director of the John L. Thornton China Center at Brookings AND Director of Research and Senior Fellow Foreign Policy (Kenneth and Michael, “The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt”, The Brookings Institute, 7/10,http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon) EL

Lastly, American economic ...r war will become more likely.

Tournament: Dowling | Round: 3 | Opponent: Eagan BS | Judge: Lind
Text: The United States federal government should establish a program providing significant tax benefits for US companies working with Mexican Maquiladoras that meet strict criteria for increased wages, better workplace conditions, less gender discrimination, and complexity.  The United States federal government should not increase its economic engagement toward the Government of Mexico.

The CP alone solves the case and attracts foreign investment sufficient to solve structural reform
Stanley Joseph Rapiey and Colonel Justin Speegle, United States Air Force, Maquiladoras and National Security: Design Theory as a Guide, October 25th, 2011.  Accessed online @ http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a555400.pdf
First of all, the United … the local economy.

Tournament: IHSSA State | Round: Semis | Opponent: Dowling ZW | Judge: Joseph, Owen, Sprouse
US is winning the war on terror – all indicators prove and general consensus of specialists
Boot 2008
Max. Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow for National Security Studies. “Are We Winning the War on Terror?” Council on Foreign Relations. First Published in Commentary Magazine. http://www.cfr.org/terrorism/we-winning-war-terror/p16838
On balance, we are doing …, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq.
War on Terror key to sustaining gains – alternative results in terrorist resurgence – and giving up on the War on Terror now would still leave terrorists at war – its too late to change course – independently kills economy
Peter Beinart 8, associate professor of journalism and political science at CUNY, The Good Fight; Why Liberals – and only Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Again, 100-2
While different U.S…. threatens the path to paradise. 

Nuclear terrorism is feasible---high risk of theft and attacks escalate
Vladimir Z. Dvorkin ‘12 Major General (retired), doctor of technical sciences, professor, and senior fellow at the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  The Center participates in the working group of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, 9/21/12, "What Can Destroy Strategic Stability: Nuclear Terrorism is a Real Threat," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22333/what_can_destroy_strategic_stability.html
Hundreds of scientific … attack would lead to a radical transformation of the global order.  All of the threats on the revised list must become a subject of thorough studies by experts. States need to work hard to forge a common understanding of these threats and develop a strategy to combat them.

nuclear war
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
(Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a … grow, although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Terrorism studies are epistemologically and methodologically valid---our authors are self-reflexive
Michael J. Boyle '8, School of International Relations, University of St. Andrews, and John Horgan, International Center for the Study of Terrorism, Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, April 2008, “A Case Against Critical Terrorism Studies,” Critical Studies On Terrorism, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 51-64
 Jackson (2007c) calls for the development of an explicitly CTS on the basis of what he argues preceded it, dubbed ‘Orthodox Terrorism Studies’. The latter, he suggests, is characterized by: (1) its poor methods and theories, (2) its state centricity, (3) its problemsolving orientation, and (4) its institutional and …. its own work.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
Plan can’t solve, even if we cut emissions to zero—multiple studies confirm
Gillett et al 10—director @ the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
Nathan, “Ongoing climate change following a complete cessation of carbon dioxide emissions”. Nature Geoscience
Several recent …subsurface ocean warming.

multiple periods of rapid warming show no extinctions
NIPCC 11 (Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, “2011 Interim Report from the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change,” http://nipccreport.org/reports/2011/2011report.html)
The first period … guesswork (see also Chapman, 2010). 

Emissions key to the ozone
Cordato, 03 (Roy E. Cordato, Ph.D., Lundy Professor of Business Philosophy at Campbell University, Senior Economist at the Institute for Research on the Economics of Taxation (IRET), M.A. in urban and regional economics, Ph.D. in economics, “Ground-Level Ozone: Myth, Facts, and Politics”, March 2003, http://heartland.org/policy-documents/ground-level-ozone-myths-facts-and-politics, jld)
Ground-level …fired power plants and automobiles.

Key to all life on earth
Voynick, 99 (Steve, The World and I, “Living with ozone”, Jul 1999, proquest, jld)
The combined effects of …agricultural crops, forests, and oceanic plankton.