1AC Cuba Embargo 1NC Iran Sanctions Politics Oil DA (Russia Econ) PGS CP K of the War on Terror Gradualism turn Ag turn and Regime turn on case 2NC Oil DA CP gradualism turn 1NR Politics 2NR CP Politics case defense
Blake
5
Opponent: Westminster CK | Judge: Sheila Peterson
AFF Cuba Embargo (Relations Transition) 1NC Iran Sanctions politics Oil DA (Saudi tradeoff NOT flood) China SOI DA Diplomatic Engagement CP gradualism turn on case 2NC gradualism turn CP case defense 1NR politics 2NR CP gradualism
Caucus
2
Opponent: GBN CT | Judge: Zach Pogany
1AC Cuba embargo- relations transition 1NC Protectionism Ag Pic Language CP Case D 2NC Language CP Case 1NR Protectionism 2NR Language CP (terrorism courts NB)
Caucus
5
Opponent: Shawnee Mission East WW | Judge: Rubaie, Brian
Aff Iowa City West HK Neg Shawnee Mission East WW 1AC Cuba- Relations Transition 1NC Consult Brazil CP Brazil Relations DA CIR T(QPQ) Normalize definition Security Ice Age Case D 2NC Brazil CP Brazil DA Case 1NR CIR 2NR Brazil CP and DA
Districts
2
Opponent: CR Wash HI | Judge: Kyle Joseph
1AC Embargo- Transitions Relations 1NC Security Alan Grossterror list CP Iran Sanctions Politics 2NC Security K 1NR CP and Politics 2NR Security K
Dowling
5
Opponent: Minneapolis South GE | Judge:
1AC Cuba-Transition Relations 1NC Security Democracy bad 2NC Security 1NR Democracy bad 2NR Security
HoFlo
1
Opponent: Blue Valley Southwest FH | Judge: Eric Oddo
Aff embargo (same as Blake) 1NC neolib MRDA politics ASPEC X-O CP democracy turns on case 2NC ASPEC CP democracy turn 1NR politics case defense 2NR politics case defense democracy turn
Mid-America Cup Valley
2
Opponent: GBN LN | Judge: Pete Nikolai
Aff Iowa City West KH Neg GBN LN Judge Pete Nikolai 1AC Embargo- Transition Relations 1NC Lopez Protectionism Oil- case Defense 2NR Oil Protectionism Case Defense Decision Affirmative
New Trier
3
Opponent: Niles North BE | Judge: Tim Mahoney
Aff Iowa City West KH Neg Niles North BE Judge Tim Mahoney 1AC Cuba Embargo- Transition Relations 1NC Oil PIC Alan Gross QPQ CP Debt Ceiling case D China SOI 2NC Alan Gross and case D 1NR Politics 2NR Politics and Alan Gross
New Trier Township
2
Opponent: Neg HoFlo LG | Judge: Pipkin
Aff ICW HK Neg HoFlo LG Judge Pipkin 1AC Cuba Embargo- Relations Transition 1NC - QPQ T Normalize PIC- ableism Security K Oil DA China SOI Case D 2NC QPQ T Security K 1NR Oil DA Case D 2NR Security K
New Trier Township
5
Opponent: Gulliver Prep KV | Judge: Rose, Ernie
Aff Iowa City West HK Neg Gulliver Prep KV Judge Rose Ernie 1AC Cuba embargo- Transition and Relations 1NC Case D China SOI Appeasement 2NC China SOI 1NR China SOI 2NR China SOI
UMich
1
Opponent: West Bloomfield high school RW | Judge: Sternberg, Jordana
Opponent: Lane Tech College Prep HS SM | Judge: Juan Garcia
1AC Embargo- Relations Transition 1NC Neolib T CIR Ag PIC 2NC Neolib 1NR CIR case 2NR Neolib
UMich
5
Opponent: New Trier BW | Judge: Erin Dinser
1AC Embargo- relations transition 1NC no trade-off gradualism CP CIR T Security 2NC Security CP Case 1NR CIR Case 2NR CIR case
Valley
4
Opponent: Westside PS | Judge:
Aff Iowa City West HK Neg Westside PS 1AC Cuba Embargo 1NC 1 Off- RaceCapImperialism 2AC FrameworkPermsKCase 2NR The K and framework and perms and case
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
1AC
Tournament: Districts | Round: 2 | Opponent: CR Wash HI | Judge: Kyle Joseph 1AC
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
North Korean war turns every other impact and guarantees extinction Hayes and Hamel-Green 10– *Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable Development, AND Executive Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development act Victoria University (1/5/10, Executive Dean at Victoria, “The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia,” http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf) The consequences of failing to …. The Korean nuclear proliferation issue is not just a regional threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community.
US support for Taiwan is critical to preventing war Roy 12 – Dr. Denny Roy is a senior research fellow in Asian security issues with the East-West Center in Honolulu. (“Why the U.S. shouldn't abandon Taiwan”, December 6, 2012, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/06/why-the-u-s-shouldnt-abandon-taiwan/) China is the next superpower, the United States is in decline, and …. and political identity chosen by Taiwan’s people is real.¶
Taiwan crisis is the most likely scenario for nuclear war Lowther 3/16 – William is a staff writer for the Taipei Times, citing a CSIS report. (“Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report”, 3/16/2013, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211) Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis …. would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating.”
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction Aff epistemology is good – econ is falsifiable Schwenkler 9 – Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Mt. Saint Mary’s University (John, “In Defense of Economics”, The American Scene, September 19 of 2009, http://www.theamericanscene.com/2009/02/19/in-defense-of-economics) I’ve generally been quite sympathetic to Jim’s recent ……. the best we can with what we’ve got.
2/14/14
1AC Blake round 1
Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kent Denver BJ | Judge: David Herman Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
North Korean war turns every other impact and guarantees extinction Hayes and Hamel-Green 10– *Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable Development, AND Executive Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development act Victoria University (1/5/10, Executive Dean at Victoria, “The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia,” http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf) The consequences of failing to …. The Korean nuclear proliferation issue is not just a regional threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community.
US support for Taiwan is critical to preventing war Roy 12 – Dr. Denny Roy is a senior research fellow in Asian security issues with the East-West Center in Honolulu. (“Why the U.S. shouldn't abandon Taiwan”, December 6, 2012, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/06/why-the-u-s-shouldnt-abandon-taiwan/) China is the next superpower, the United States is in decline, and …. and political identity chosen by Taiwan’s people is real.¶
Taiwan crisis is the most likely scenario for nuclear war Lowther 3/16 – William is a staff writer for the Taipei Times, citing a CSIS report. (“Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report”, 3/16/2013, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211) Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis …. would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating.”
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
Method focus causes endless paradigm wars Wendt ’98, professor of international security – Ohio State University (Alexander, "On Constitution and Causation in International Relations," British International Studies Association) As a community, we in the academic study of international politics …… sparring over epistemology is often one-sided, intolerant caricatures of science.
12/20/13
1AC Blake round 5
Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Westminster CK | Judge: Sheila Peterson Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
North Korean war turns every other impact and guarantees extinction Hayes and Hamel-Green 10– *Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable Development, AND Executive Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development act Victoria University (1/5/10, Executive Dean at Victoria, “The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia,” http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf) The consequences of failing to …. The Korean nuclear proliferation issue is not just a regional threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community.
US support for Taiwan is critical to preventing war Roy 12 – Dr. Denny Roy is a senior research fellow in Asian security issues with the East-West Center in Honolulu. (“Why the U.S. shouldn't abandon Taiwan”, December 6, 2012, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/06/why-the-u-s-shouldnt-abandon-taiwan/) China is the next superpower, the United States is in decline, and …. and political identity chosen by Taiwan’s people is real.¶
Taiwan crisis is the most likely scenario for nuclear war Lowther 3/16 – William is a staff writer for the Taipei Times, citing a CSIS report. (“Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report”, 3/16/2013, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211) Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis …. would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating.”
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transition advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
12/21/13
1AC Dowling
Tournament: Dowling | Round: 5 | Opponent: Minneapolis South GE | Judge: 1AC
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
North Korean war turns every other impact and guarantees extinction Hayes and Hamel-Green 10– *Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable Development, AND Executive Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development act Victoria University (1/5/10, Executive Dean at Victoria, “The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia,” http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf) The consequences of failing to …. The Korean nuclear proliferation issue is not just a regional threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community.
US support for Taiwan is critical to preventing war Roy 12 – Dr. Denny Roy is a senior research fellow in Asian security issues with the East-West Center in Honolulu. (“Why the U.S. shouldn't abandon Taiwan”, December 6, 2012, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/06/why-the-u-s-shouldnt-abandon-taiwan/) China is the next superpower, the United States is in decline, and …. and political identity chosen by Taiwan’s people is real.¶
Taiwan crisis is the most likely scenario for nuclear war Lowther 3/16 – William is a staff writer for the Taipei Times, citing a CSIS report. (“Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report”, 3/16/2013, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211) Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis …. would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating.”
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
Method focus causes endless paradigm wars Wendt ’98, professor of international security – Ohio State University (Alexander, "On Constitution and Causation in International Relations," British International Studies Association) As a community, we in the academic study of international politics …… sparring over epistemology is often one-sided, intolerant caricatures of science.
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
10/12/13
1AC New Trier- Round Two
Tournament: New Trier Township | Round: 2 | Opponent: Neg HoFlo LG | Judge: Pipkin 1AC
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
10/11/13
1AC UMich rd 5
Tournament: UMich | Round: 5 | Opponent: New Trier BW | Judge: Erin Dinser Same as round 4
11/2/13
1AC- New Trier- Round 3
Tournament: New Trier | Round: 3 | Opponent: Niles North BE | Judge: Tim Mahoney 1AC
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
10/11/13
1AC- Rd 5 Caucus
Tournament: Caucus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East WW | Judge: Rubaie, Brian 1AC
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
Method focus causes endless paradigm wars Wendt ’98, professor of international security – Ohio State University (Alexander, "On Constitution and Causation in International Relations," British International Studies Association) As a community, we in the academic study of international politics spend too much time worrying about the kind of issues addressed in this essay……. , intolerant caricatures of science.
11/1/13
1AC- Round 2 Valley
Tournament: Mid-America Cup Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: GBN LN | Judge: Pete Nikolai 1AC
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas. Relations
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
10/11/13
1AC- UMich rd 1
Tournament: UMich | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Bloomfield high school RW | Judge: Sternberg, Jordana 1AC
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
North Korean war turns every other impact and guarantees extinction Hayes and Hamel-Green 10– *Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable Development, AND Executive Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development act Victoria University (1/5/10, Executive Dean at Victoria, “The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia,” http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf) The consequences of failing to …. The Korean nuclear proliferation issue is not just a regional threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community.
US support for Taiwan is critical to preventing war Roy 12 – Dr. Denny Roy is a senior research fellow in Asian security issues with the East-West Center in Honolulu. (“Why the U.S. shouldn't abandon Taiwan”, December 6, 2012, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/06/why-the-u-s-shouldnt-abandon-taiwan/) China is the next superpower, the United States is in decline, and …. and political identity chosen by Taiwan’s people is real.¶
Taiwan crisis is the most likely scenario for nuclear war Lowther 3/16 – William is a staff writer for the Taipei Times, citing a CSIS report. (“Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report”, 3/16/2013, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211) Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis …. would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating.”
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
11/1/13
1AC- UMich rd 4
Tournament: UMich | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lane Tech College Prep HS SM | Judge: Juan Garcia 1AC
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
Cuba says no to conditions – only unconditional lifting of the embargo ensures Latin American diplomacy Sobel 7 – US Ambassador to Brazil (Clifford, “BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR ON RELATIONS WITH NEW USG”, Wikileaks, Jan 22, 2007, https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BRASILIA95_a.html)||DK 8. (C) The Ambassador asked how central discussion of …spontaneous and had not been vetted in
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Democracy promotion is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness – plus 1990s empirically denies the impact Carothers 12(Thomas Carothers, VICE PRESIDENT FOR STUDIES¶ Carothers is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy and JD, Harvard Law School¶ MSc, London School of Economics ¶ AB, Harvard College, “Reenergizing Democracy Promotion”, Carnegie endowment for international peace, November 29, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/globalten/?fa=50142) Democracy promotion is central to U.S…. borders were suddenly in rapid decline.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
Method focus causes endless paradigm wars Wendt ’98, professor of international security – Ohio State University (Alexander, "On Constitution and Causation in International Relations," British International Studies Association) As a community, we in the academic study of international politics spend too much time worrying about the kind of issues addressed in this essay……. , intolerant caricatures of science.
11/2/13
2AC
Tournament: Districts | Round: 2 | Opponent: CR Wash HI | Judge: Kyle Joseph Politics
Bill’s dead and veto solves Hasan 2/9 (As the US Turns Against New Sanctions on Iran, Has the Israel Lobby Lost Its Mojo?¶ Posted: 09/02/2014 Accessed 2/9/14 http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mehdi-hasan/israel-lobby-aipac_b_4756969.html?utm_hp_ref=uk Mehdi HasanPolitical director of The Huffington Post UK) ¶ Yet the summit is in sight. … most of the time they didn't think they could go up against them."
Obama just strengthened sanctions on Iran – should have triggered the impact Benari 2/12 Obama Promises Tough Action on Firms that Violate Sanctions http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/177373#.UvvTf_ldVqU Elad Benari, Reuters 2/12/2014 U.S. President Barack Obama promised … like a ton of bricks," he declared.
Winners win – gives Obama critical momentum Hirsh, 13 --- Chief correspondent (2/7/2013, Michael, “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital; The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that presidents and pundits often get it wrong,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207)) Naturally, any president has practical and electoral ….. he didn’t fully understand the concept either.
No impact to Iran prolif Waltz, ’12 (Kenneth, Senior Research Scholar at the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies and Adjunct Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, “Why Iran Should Get the Bomb,” Foreign Affiars, Jul/Aug, Vol. 91, Issue 4, ebscohost, bgm)
One reason the danger of a nuclear Iran …. American response to such a move.
Studies prove PC doesn’t matter Beckmann and Kumar, September 2011 (Matthew – associate professor of political science at the University of California, Irvine, and Vimal – professor of economics at the Indian Institute of Technology, Opportunism in Polarization: Presidential success in Senate Key Votes, 1953-2008, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, Iss. 3, p. 488-503) John the Stupek The final important piece in our theoretical model… congressional scales, which often will not matter, but can in close cases.
PC not key – their authors hype presidential influence Dickinson 9 (Matthew, professor of political science at Middlebury College and taught previously at Harvard University where he worked under the supervision of presidential scholar Richard Neustadt, 5/26, Presidential Power: A NonPartisan Analysis of Presidential Politics, “Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power,”http:blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/) What is of more interest to me, however, is what her….. , in the decision to present Sotomayor as his nominee.
Security K
Your methodology fails – changing representational practices hinders understanding of policy by overlooking questions of agency and material structures Tuathail 96 (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct) While theoretical debates at academic … geographical contexts within which particular discursive strategies become significant.
Threats aren’t just representations – they are material, real, and disaster discourse mobilizes people to deal with them Kurasawa 4 (Fuyuki Kurasawa, Associate Professor of Sociology at York University in Toronto, Canada, 2004, Constellations Vol 11, No 4, 2004, Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight http://www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa20Articles/Constellations20Article.pdf) In addition, farsightedness has become a priority …. citizens’ involvement in the work of preventive foresight.
C) Extinction outweighs – prefer magnitude and timeframe Bostrom 12 - Professor of Philosophy at Oxford (Nick, directs Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, Interview with Ross Andersen, correspondent at The Atlantic, 3/6, “We're Underestimating the Risk of Human Extinction”, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/were-underestimating-the-risk-of-human-extinction/253821/)//BB Bostrom, who directs Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, … poverty or curing malaria, which would be tremendous under ordinary standards.
No Root cause – can only solve proximate causes Sharp 8 – senior associate deputy general counsel for intelligence at the US Department of Defense, Dr. Walter, “Democracy and Deterrence”, Air Force University Press, May, http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil/Books/sharp/Sharp.pdf While classical liberals focused on political structures… central paradigm for explaining the cause of war.37
Security cannot be deconstructed. The ethical response is to engage in scenario planning to minimize violence Weaver 2k (Ole, Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen.1 He has published and broadcast extensively in the field of international relations, and is one of the main architects of the so-called Copenhagen School in International Relations. Prior to his professorate at University of Copenhagen, Wæver was a senior research fellow at Copenhagen Peace Research Institute (1985-1999). His areas of research include:Theories of international relations,The study of conflicts, what creates the conflict and how to mediate and resolve them, Danish security and defence policy, The history of concepts, and Security theory.International relations theory and the politics of European integration, p. 284-285) The other main possibility is to stress' responsibility. … dilemmas and escalations, violence and mutual vilification.
b) Realism inevitable Thayer 2k – Assistant Professor of Political Science @ University of Minnesota-Duluth, 2k (Bradley A. “Bringing in Darwin: Evolutionary Theory, Realism, and International Politics” International Security, Vol. 25, No. 2. Autumn. JSTORp. 131-132) Evolutionary theory offers two sufficient explanations … egoistic behavior contributes to fitness.
AND – COUNTER-CRITICISM - Discussion of existential risk is a necessary pretense to true understanding – risk forms a glue between diverse groups to create an ethic of common goals - only risk can create the common language to truly understand the Other Beck 9 Ulrich. Professor of Sociology at Munich University and at the London School of Economics, and Senior Loeb Fellow at Harvard University. “Critical Theory of World Risk Society: A Cosmopolitan Vision.” Constellations. March 19, 2009. Pg 3-22. http://www.continental-philosophy.org/2006/07/18/constellations/ First there is its boundless thirst for reality: … broadens the horizon in a cosmopolitan manner.
Extinction Beck, 2009 Ulrich. Professor of Sociology at Munich University and at the London School of Economics, and Senior Loeb Fellow at Harvard University. “Critical Theory of World Risk Society: A Cosmopolitan Vision.” Constellations. March 19. Pg 3-22. http://www.continental-philosophy.org/2006/07/18/constellations/ The new historical character of world … this time of the bio-world risk society.8
Conditions CP
Permutation do both – shields the net benefit
Counterplans that could result in the entirety of the topic specific portion of the plan are a voting issue: A. Moots aff ground- resolutionally prescribed burdens do not allow affirmative offense B. Illogical- the counterplan is not a reason to vote negative because it is not an opportunity cost to the plan C. Infinitely Regressive- the negative can always find ways to find an alternate process for the plan that puts the aff at a disadvantage D. Counter-Interpretation: The negative can run counterplans that don’t result in the entirety of the topic specific portion of the plan
That justifies perm do the counterplan and permutation do the counterplan if Cuba says yes
Case solves net benefit – their say yes evidence proves Cuba would cooperate if we lift the embargo
Can’t solve case --Say no a. Koenig cites empirics – offering Castro engagement in exchange for something gives Castro the ability to say no without looking stupid b. CP links to the net benefit and say no—reverses sentiment and Cuban five Latin American Tribune 10/7 (“President Obama Has Power to Release Aging Alan Gross, But Won't, A Travisty”, http://stayingsafeabroad.blogspot.com/2013/10/cuba-update-president-obama-has-power.html October 7, 2013 Cuba has suggested to Washington … Gross be immediately released without conditions.
2/14/14
2AC
Tournament: HoFlo | Round: 1 | Opponent: Blue Valley Southwest FH | Judge: Eric Oddo Neolib
AND – Our epistemology is superior – pure economics is the least biased approach – means our pedagogy is uniquely good Colander 04 ¬– Christian A. Johnson Distinguished Professor of Economics at Middlebury College (David Charles, “Economics as an Ideologically Challenged Science”, September 2004; http://cat2.middlebury.edu/econ/repec/mdl/ancoec/0422.pdf, p. 2-8)Beddow
I find myself largely unconvinced by these heterodox …. Mainstream economists are far more rigid in form than in content.
Biodiversity declining now—biotech key to solve Nicholson 03 - Registered patent attorney working for the USDA Agricultural Research Service David R. Nicholson, Former Associate Solicitor at the United States Patent and Trademark Office, “Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetically-Modified Foods: Will the Developing World Bite?,” Virginia Journal of Law and Technology, Summer, 2003, 8 Va. J.L. and Tech. 7edlee It should also be pointed out that the … preserve biodiversity, not diminish it.
Species loss causes extinction Tobin 90; Richard Tobin, The Expendable Future, 1990, p.22 Norman Meters observes, no other form of environmental degradation … by destruction of natural habitats.
ALT FAILS – so-called counter-hegemony too fragmented – easily dismantled Carroll 10 – founding director of the Social Justice Studies Program at the University of Victoria (William, “Crisis, movements, counter-hegemony: in search of the new,” Interface 2:2, SW) Just as hegemony has been increasingly organized on a transnational basis … spatialize a Gramscian war of position to the global scale’ (Karriem 2009: 324).
Growth is a prerequisite to sustainable development – developed countries prove Hayward 3 F. K. Weyerhaeuser Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and author of the Pacific Research Institute's annual Index of Leading Environmental Indicators (Steven F., "A Sensible Environmentalism," 3/22/03, http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/a-sensible-environmentalism/)//AM
For all the disagreement about how to define and measure sustainable development, … poor nations into the world of freedom and prosperity, the idea will have proven a fruitful one indeed.
AND – NO ROOT CAUSE – they conflate too many factors into one idea Ferguson 10 – Professor of Anthropology @ Stanford (James, “The Uses of Neoliberalism,” Antipode, 41.1, 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2009.00721.x)BB
But the policies of neoliberal states have often diverged … analytical clarity of many of our discussions.
X-O CP
Perm do both – solves link to politics and presidential powers Weiner 13 (Sarah, Very good former debater, works @ Center for Strategic and International Studies, Fast Tracking Nuclear Treaties, 1/14/13, http://csis.org/blog/fast-tracking-nuclear-treaties)//LA It would appear as if nuclear agreements are stuck … without excluding the legislative branch from the treaty process.
Easing the embargo requires legislation Burns, 9 – writer for the Associated Press (Robert, “Obama Lifting Cuba Travel Restrictions”, Huffington Post, 04/13/09, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/13/some-cuba-travel-restrict_n_186197.html)//eek Lifting or substantially easing the economic embargo… leverage to press for democratic reforms in Cuba.
Solvency deficits a) Courts will rollback Cooper 2 Phillip, Professor of Public Administration @ Portland State University, By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action” pg..77 Despite the apparent deference by the … addressing the consequences of admittedly legitimate decrees.
b) Future presidents dispose of Cooper 97 Phillip, Professor of Poli Sci @ University of Vermont, Administration and Society, Lexis Even if they serve temporary goals… to build a policy than the alternatives.
Minimum wage thumps Nikolewski 2/20 (Rob, “Biden inserts himself into NM minimum wage debate, but to no avail,” Watchdog.org, 2/20/14, http://watchdog.org/129425/biden-minimum-wage-nm/)//LS SANTA FE, N.M. – The Obama administration … willing to expend some political capital on a state-by-state basis.
Winners win – gives Obama critical momentum Hirsh, 13 --- Chief correspondent (2/7/2013, Michael, “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital; The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that presidents and pundits often get it wrong,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207)) Naturally, any president has practical and … demonstrated that he didn’t fully understand the concept either.
Its not intrinsic – a logical policy maker can do both
Studies prove PC doesn’t matter Beckmann and Kumar, September 2011 (Matthew – associate professor of political science at the University of California, Irvine, and Vimal – professor of economics at the Indian Institute of Technology, Opportunism in Polarization: Presidential success in Senate Key Votes, 1953-2008, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, Iss. 3, p. 488-503) John the Stupek The final important piece in our theoretical model… often will not matter, but can in close cases.
The global climate prevents China’s rise from being violent – it will thrive within the Western system Ikenberry, 08 – professor of International Affairs at Princeton University (Jan/Feb 2008, John G., Vol. 87, Issue 1 Foreign Affairs, “The Rise of China and the Future of the West,” Proquest)
The rise of China will undoubtedly … Western order -- if managed properly -- will live on.
China won't be aggressive–the u.s. deters it and a world without american dominance would be worse for china BRZEZINSKI 2005 (Zbigniew, Counselor at CSIS, Foreign Policy, Jan/Feb, http://www.worldthreats.com/Asia/Clash20of20Titans.htm) How can China push the United States out of East Asia? … of the picture for a long, long time.
The United States federal government should substantially normalize its trade relations with Cuba.
Transition
Cuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vital Ashby 13, Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//AD
Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of economic, social, and political transformation … Two-way trade must include both Cuba’s private sector as well as SOEs.
First – private sector and SOE trade Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang
U.S. policy specifically supports “a market-oriented economic system” 3 … thus hampering, if not defeating, what could be a major U.S. policy goal.
Second – US agriculture investments Williams, 02 agricultural lawyer (Alexander Williams III, “MORE ASSISTANCE PLEASE: LIFTING THE CUBAN EMBARGO MAY HELP REVIVE AMERICAN FARMS”, Drake Journal of Agricultural Law, pages 469-470) KD
The Cuban economy is in terrible shape… have all begun to invest in Cuba and support its development.”144
Cuban collapse destroys the global war on terror and makes conflicts in hotspots around the globe more likely Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism
Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, …. Or should the U.S. pursue a new approach to Cuba in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war Bosco 6 (David, a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_
The understanding that small but violent acts can spark … U.N. approval and yet there was not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.
Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government …. Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.
Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorism risks are increasing Clarke, 13 - Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College (Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, http://www.examiner.com/article/the-end-to-the-war-on-terrorism-really)
I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama’s … Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.
This risks extinction Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—…. although it must be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130)
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is to support the Cuban people, but not the Cuban government… intact as a communist country, but must take this opportunity to create an inflection point for Cuba that guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas. Relations
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck by a few facts – some present, some absent –…. our government remains in unilateral pursuit of a high-cost, low-probability “regime change” solution for Cuba.
FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably linked to a partnership with Latin America. …. of a hemisphere of partners cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote.
US Cuba policy is the vital internal link – greater economic engagement is the litmus test for engaging all of Latin America Perez, 10 ¬– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis)
Anti-Americanism has become the political chant de jour for leaders seeking long-term …. warming relations with Cuba would have a reverberating effect throughout Latin America, and would go a long way toward creating goodwill.
Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion Inter-American Dialogue 12 - the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance positive, particularly when compared …. without setting aside US concern about human rights violations, would be an important first step.
Latin American democracy key to global democracy Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin Americai, Preface, p. vii) SP
Latin American experiences, especially in the areas of democratization … democracy and human rights have definitively entered the political lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. … order of international security and prosperity can be built.
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even the occasional eye-ball roll at the weekend … said Geoff Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America
WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States (OAS), Albert Ramdin, noted that …. members, policymakers, communications officers, and security specialists, among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy initiative this week …. could ultimately lead to shared approaches to cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.
Relations spur effective global cooperation in preventing the dissemination of nuclear weapons to terrorists and preventing climate change Inter-American Dialogue 12 (“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
In addition to economic and financial matters, Brazil and …. on a new, more effective approach to the problem.
Cross apply Ayson 10 from Transtion advantage- Nuclear terrorism results in all-out nuclear war and extinction
