General Actions:
Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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Alta | 1 | St Georges MR | Jamie Tran |
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Alta | 4 | Notre Dame GC | Misty Tippets |
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Alta | 3 | Hillcrest High BH | Zachary Harbauer |
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Gonzaga | 4 | Gonzaga Prep TH | Iris Malone |
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Gonzaga | 2 | Heritage Hall NC | Taylor Coles |
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Gonzaga | 6 | Boise JM | Kendra Doty |
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UMich | 6 | Niles West LD | Maria Keller |
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UMich | 3 | Iowa City West WS | Whit Whitmore |
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UMich | 2 | Pine Crest FJ | David Gobberdiel |
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Tournament | Round | Report |
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Alta | 1 | Opponent: St Georges MR | Judge: Jamie Tran 1AC - Mexico Sewers BLOCK - China CCP CIR 2NR - China CCP |
Alta | 4 | Opponent: Notre Dame GC | Judge: Misty Tippets 1AC - Mexican Sewers |
Alta | 3 | Opponent: Hillcrest High BH | Judge: Zachary Harbauer 1AC - Mexican Sewers |
Gonzaga | 4 | Opponent: Gonzaga Prep TH | Judge: Iris Malone 1AC - Mexico Sewers BLOCK - China DACP 2NR - China DACP |
Gonzaga | 2 | Opponent: Heritage Hall NC | Judge: Taylor Coles 1AC - Mexico Sewers BLOCK - KCP 2NR - CP |
Gonzaga | 6 | Opponent: Boise JM | Judge: Kendra Doty 1AC - Mexican Sewers |
UMich | 6 | Opponent: Niles West LD | Judge: Maria Keller 1AC - Cuba Normalize Relations BLOCK - CP Case CIR 1AR - Neolib link turn |
UMich | 3 | Opponent: Iowa City West WS | Judge: Whit Whitmore 1AC - Cuba Normalize Relations |
UMich | 2 | Opponent: Pine Crest FJ | Judge: David Gobberdiel 1AC - Cuba Normalize Relations |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Entry | Date |
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- Contact InfoTournament: UMich | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pine Crest FJ | Judge: David Gobberdiel Due to administrative complications, we sometimes have to register as Puget Sound or Independent. thx 4 understanding 3 | 2/3/14 |
1AC AltaTournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Notre Dame GC | Judge: Misty Tippets InherencyCurrent efforts to fix water problems in Mexico are temporary bandages on an overloaded infrastructure – continuing population growth exacerbates the problemRodriguez 9/26 (Olga R., 9/26/13, “Mexico City Tries To Freshen Its Smell,” Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/26/mexico-city-smell_n_3998585.html) For many, the first experience of Mexico City is a PovertyCurrent water management reform insufficient – shortages in Mexico perpetuate poverty trapErlekam 9 (Franziska, Master of Science in International Economic Consulting, September 2009, “To which extent is water shortage a key determinant for a retarded economic growth? A case study of Mexico City,” Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/7926/Franziska_Erlekam_-_Master_Thesis.pdf) Where does water shortage lead? What impacts does it have Clean water and sanitation key to breaking the poverty cycle of hunger, disease, illiteracyKern and Ritzen 1 (Ann and Jo, Executive Director of Sustainable Direction and Healthy Environments at the WHO, Vice President and Network Head of Human Development at the World Bank, “DYING FOR CHANGE: Poor people’s experience of health and ill-health,” http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAH/Resources/Publications/Dying-for-Change/dyifull2.pdf) In his 2001 address to the World Health Assembly, UN The structural violence of poverty is constant and invisible – the aff functions as an uncovering of this violenceGilligan 96 (James, Professor of Psychiatry – Harvard Medical School, Director of the Center for the Study of Violence, Member – Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence, “Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes”, pg. 191-196) The deadliest form of violence is poverty. You cannot work Plan improves water quality and quality of life – border region investment provesLBJ School of Public Affairs 7 (Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, 10/22/07, “COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REPORT: How Investment in Water, Wastewater, and Irrigation Infrastructure Has Affected the Mexico-Texas Border,” prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://webspace.utexas.edu/dulaymp/www/Evaluation20of20Infrastructure20_Final.pdf) This study makes no claim to be comprehensive in its DiseaseFarmers of the Mezquital Valley fertilize their crops with raw sewage drained from Mexico City. This toxic sewage exposes farmers to harmful diseases daily.Malkin 10 (Elisabeth, 5/4/10, “Fears That a Lush Land May Lose a Foul Fertilizer,” Mixquiahuala Journal, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/05/world/americas/05mexico.html?pagewanted=1andn=Top/Reference/Times20Topics/Subjects/W/Waterand_r=0) Night and day, Marcelo Mera Bárcenas slops the fetid water But using partially treated wastewater cuts the risk of disease dramatically.Romero-Alvarez 97 (Humberto, winner of the 1994 Abraham Horwitz Award, “Case Study VII* - The Mezquital Valley, Mexico,” http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resourcesquality/wpccasestudy7.pdf) The volume of wastewater generated has increased over time. It AxolotlsPollution and bacterial contamination from raw sewage threatens the axolotl population of MexicoZoological Society of London No Date (Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered, the only global conservation initiative to focus specifically on threatened species that represent a significant amount of unique evolutionary history, Axolotls, http://www.edgeofexistence.org/amphibians/species_info.php?id=552) Axolotl populations are suffering as Preserving the axolotl’s habitat is the first step to alleviating their declineFowler 13 (Edmund P. Fowler, Professor Emeritus of political science at Glendon College, York University, in Toronto, Ontario, created and taught courses in local government, voting behaviour, community power structure, history of science, and green philosophy. He created and ran the Glendon Municipal Intern Program, under which students worked for municipal councillors in the Toronto region., 3/16/13, The Axolotl Salamander: A Parable, http://terryfowler.ca/articles/the-axolotl-salamander-a-parable/, 12/6/13) There is a salamander in Mexico City called the axolotl Plan textThe United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement toward the United Mexican States through investment in Mexican water management systems.SolvencyContention 3 is Solvency –Substantial increase in government investment key to break down structural barriers – black markets, privatization, social backlashErlekam 9 (Franziska, Master of Science in International Economic Consulting, September 2009, “To which extent is water shortage a key determinant for a retarded economic growth? A case study of Mexico City,” Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/7926/Franziska_Erlekam_-_Master_Thesis.pdf) Like for nearly every scarce good, black markets do exist Border region proves plan succeeds – but larger international investment key to funding across MexicoLBJ School of Public Affairs 7 (Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, 10/22/07, “COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REPORT: How Investment in Water, Wastewater, and Irrigation Infrastructure Has Affected the Mexico-Texas Border,” prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://webspace.utexas.edu/dulaymp/www/Evaluation20of20Infrastructure20_Final.pdf) In Mexican urban areas where services exist, some citizens are FramingContention 4 is framing –Privilege impacts already happening now – “any risk” logic makes decisionmaking impossibleMeskill 9 (David, professor at Colorado School of Mines and PhD from Harvard, “The "One Percent Doctrine" and Environmental Faith,” 12/9/09, http://davidmeskill.blogspot.com/2009/12/one-percent-doctrine-and-environmental.html) Tom Friedman's piece today in the Times on the environment Low risk means no risk – policy actions can’t be justified by near-zero probabilitiesRescher 3 (Nicholas, Prof of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Sensible Decisions: Issues of Rational Decision in Personal Choice and Public Policy, p. 49-50) On this issue there is a systemic disagreement between probabilists International armed conflict highly unlikely – interdependence and rational statesDeudney and Ikenberry 9 (Daniel and John, Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, Jan/Feb 2009, “The Myth of the Autocratic Revival: Why Liberal Democracy Will Prevail,” Foreign Affairs) This bleak outlook is based on an exaggeration of recent Apocalyptic rhetoric crystallizes biopolitical structures through the constant, falsified threat of demise – moving away from apocalyptic impacts is a prerequisite to address the disadvantagedCoviello 2k (Peter, assistant professor of English at Bowdoin College, Apocalypse From Now On) Perhaps. But to claim that American culture is at present | 2/3/14 |
1AC Alta -- Round 1Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Georges MR | Judge: Jamie Tran InherencyCurrent efforts to fix water problems in Mexico are temporary bandages on an overloaded infrastructure – continuing population growth exacerbates the problemRodriguez 9/26 (Olga R., 9/26/13, “Mexico City Tries To Freshen Its Smell,” Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/26/mexico-city-smell_n_3998585.html) For many, the first experience of Mexico City is a PovertyCurrent water management reform insufficient – shortages in Mexico perpetuate poverty trapErlekam 9 (Franziska, Master of Science in International Economic Consulting, September 2009, “To which extent is water shortage a key determinant for a retarded economic growth? A case study of Mexico City,” Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/7926/Franziska_Erlekam_-_Master_Thesis.pdf) Where does water shortage lead? What impacts does it have Clean water and sanitation key to breaking the poverty cycle of hunger, disease, illiteracyKern and Ritzen 1 (Ann and Jo, Executive Director of Sustainable Direction and Healthy Environments at the WHO, Vice President and Network Head of Human Development at the World Bank, “DYING FOR CHANGE: Poor people’s experience of health and ill-health,” http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAH/Resources/Publications/Dying-for-Change/dyifull2.pdf) In his 2001 address to the World Health Assembly, UN The structural violence of poverty is constant and invisible – the aff functions as an uncovering of this violenceGilligan 96 (James, Professor of Psychiatry – Harvard Medical School, Director of the Center for the Study of Violence, Member – Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence, “Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes”, pg. 191-196) The deadliest form of violence is poverty. You cannot work Plan improves water quality and quality of life – border region investment provesLBJ School of Public Affairs 7 (Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, 10/22/07, “COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REPORT: How Investment in Water, Wastewater, and Irrigation Infrastructure Has Affected the Mexico-Texas Border,” prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://webspace.utexas.edu/dulaymp/www/Evaluation20of20Infrastructure20_Final.pdf) This study makes no claim to be comprehensive in its WarmingU.S. Mexico relations sensitive – will flounder without clear commitmentWilson et al. 13 (Christopher E., Eric L. Olson, Miguel R. Salazar, Andrew Selee, Duncan Wood, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations,” Mexico Institute, Wilson Center, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf) Similar to other large middle-income countries, Mexico has reason to Allegations of U.S. espionage in Mexico further complicate relationsBevins and Wilkinson 9/2 (Vincent and Tracy, 9/2/13, Sao Paulo, Brazil, “New Snowden documents allege U.S. spying on Brazil, Mexico,” Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/2013/sep/02/world/la-fg-wn-ff-snowden-spying-brazil-mexico-20130902) New documents leaked by former U.S. intelligence contractor Edward Snowden But plan aligns cooperation with Nieto’s agenda – works through current frictionSeelke 8/15 (Clare Ribando, Specialist in Latin American Affairs at the Congressional Research Service, 8/15/13, “Mexico’s Peña Nieto Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican Relations,” Congressional Research Service, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf) Congress has maintained significant interest in neighboring Mexico, a close Only strong relations will prioritize Mexican climate policy – key to environmental cooperationWilson et al. 13 (Christopher E., Eric L. Olson, Miguel R. Salazar, Andrew Selee, Duncan Wood, May 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Option for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations,” Woodrow Wilson Center, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_new_era.pdf) Thus far it does not appear that climate change or Renewal of climate cooperation spills over globallySelee et al. 12 (Andrew, Christopher Wilson, “A New Agenda with Mexico,” Woodrow Wilson Center, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf) Over the past few years, the U.S. and Mexican¶ governments International cooperation key to coordinate effective climate change adaptationOberlack et al. 13 (Christoph, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Institute for Economic Research, Klaus Eisenack, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg, Department of Economics, accepted 8/24/13, “Alleviating barriers to urban climate change adaptation through international cooperation,” Global Environmental Change) International cooperation on climate change adaptation is regarded as one Status quo warming magnifies storm impacts – Hurricane Katrina provesFreedman 3/18 (Andrew, Masters in Climate and Society from Columbia University, 3/18/13, “Warming Has Doubled Risk of Katrina-like Storm Surges,” Climate Central, Researching and reporting the science and impacts of climate change, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/study-shows-global-warming-dramatically-raises-us-storm-surge-risks-15755) Global warming has already doubled the risk of Hurricane Katrina Climate adaptation necessary to shift to sustainable post-disaster redevelopment strategiesWright 11/20 (Sean, B.A. from Miami University, M.A. from Ohio State University, 11/20/13, “Rebuilding Green for All: Climate Change Adaptation and Green Affordable Redevelopment Post-Disaster,” Energy Law Currents: The Companion Online Journal to the LSU Journal of Energy Law and Resources, http://sites.law.lsu.edu/jelrblog/2013/11/20/rebuilding-green-for-all-climate-change-adaptation-and-green-affordable-redevelopment-post-disaster/) Hurricane Sandy touched land in October 2012, leaving a trail Melting sea ice from warming decimates the polar bear populationCarrington 8/6 (Damian, staff writer for The Guardian, 8/6/13, “Starved polar bear perished due to record sea-ice melt, says expert: Climate change has reduced ice in the Arctic to record lows in the past year, forcing animals to range further in search of food,” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/aug/06/starved-polar-bear-record-sea-ice-melt) Stirling, now at Polar Bears International and previously at the Climate adaptation policies key to minimize pressures on vulnerable ecosystems – but coordination is a prerequisiteOliver et al. 12 (Tom H., Richard J. Smithers, Sallie Bailey, Clive A. Walmsley, Kevin Watts, 11/29/12, “A decision framework for considering climate change adaptation in biodiversity conservation planning,” Journal of Applied Ecology, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.12003/full) Climate change is expected to have impacts on many species U.S. federal oversight is key to coordinating a broader effortSutley et al. 10 (Nancy H., Jane Lubchenco, Shere Abbott, 10/5/10, Council on Environmental Quality, “Progress Report of the Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force: Recommended Actions in Support of a National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy,” The White House Council on Environmental Quality, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ceq/Interagency-Climate-Change-Adaptation-Progress-Report.pdf) Plan textThe United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement toward the United Mexican States through investment in Mexican water management systems.SolvencyContention 3 is Solvency –Substantial increase in government investment key to break down structural barriers – black markets, privatization, social backlashErlekam 9 (Franziska, Master of Science in International Economic Consulting, September 2009, “To which extent is water shortage a key determinant for a retarded economic growth? A case study of Mexico City,” Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/7926/Franziska_Erlekam_-_Master_Thesis.pdf) Like for nearly every scarce good, black markets do exist Border region proves plan succeeds – but larger international investment key to funding across MexicoLBJ School of Public Affairs 7 (Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, 10/22/07, “COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REPORT: How Investment in Water, Wastewater, and Irrigation Infrastructure Has Affected the Mexico-Texas Border,” prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://webspace.utexas.edu/dulaymp/www/Evaluation20of20Infrastructure20_Final.pdf) In Mexican urban areas where services exist, some citizens are FramingContention 4 is framing –Privilege impacts already happening now – “any risk” logic makes decisionmaking impossibleMeskill 9 (David, professor at Colorado School of Mines and PhD from Harvard, “The "One Percent Doctrine" and Environmental Faith,” 12/9/09, http://davidmeskill.blogspot.com/2009/12/one-percent-doctrine-and-environmental.html) Tom Friedman's piece today in the Times on the environment Low risk means no risk – policy actions can’t be justified by near-zero probabilitiesRescher 3 (Nicholas, Prof of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Sensible Decisions: Issues of Rational Decision in Personal Choice and Public Policy, p. 49-50) On this issue there is a systemic disagreement between probabilists International armed conflict highly unlikely – interdependence and rational statesDeudney and Ikenberry 9 (Daniel and John, Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, Jan/Feb 2009, “The Myth of the Autocratic Revival: Why Liberal Democracy Will Prevail,” Foreign Affairs) This bleak outlook is based on an exaggeration of recent Apocalyptic rhetoric crystallizes biopolitical structures through the constant, falsified threat of demise – moving away from apocalyptic impacts is a prerequisite to address the disadvantagedCoviello 2k (Peter, assistant professor of English at Bowdoin College, Apocalypse From Now On) Perhaps. But to claim that American culture is at present | 2/3/14 |
1AC GonzagaTournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: Heritage Hall NC | Judge: Taylor Coles InherencyCurrent efforts to fix water problems in Mexico are temporary bandages on an overloaded infrastructure – continuing population growth exacerbates the problemRodriguez 9/26 (Olga R., 9/26/13, “Mexico City Tries To Freshen Its Smell,” Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/26/mexico-city-smell_n_3998585.html) For many, the first experience of Mexico City is a HarmsScenario 1 is Poverty –Current water management reform insufficient – shortages in Mexico perpetuate poverty trapErlekam 9 (Franziska, Master of Science in International Economic Consulting, September 2009, “To which extent is water shortage a key determinant for a retarded economic growth? A case study of Mexico City,” Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/7926/Franziska_Erlekam_-_Master_Thesis.pdf) Where does water shortage lead? What impacts does it have Clean water and sanitation key to breaking the poverty cycle of hunger, disease, illiteracyKern and Ritzen 1 (Ann and Jo, Executive Director of Sustainable Direction and Healthy Environments at the WHO, Vice President and Network Head of Human Development at the World Bank, “DYING FOR CHANGE: Poor people’s experience of health and ill-health,” http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAH/Resources/Publications/Dying-for-Change/dyifull2.pdf) In his 2001 address to the World Health Assembly, UN The structural violence of poverty is constant and invisible – the aff functions as an uncovering of this violenceGilligan 96 (James, Professor of Psychiatry – Harvard Medical School, Director of the Center for the Study of Violence, Member – Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence, “Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes”, pg. 191-196) The deadliest form of violence is poverty. You cannot work Plan improves water quality and quality of life – border region investment provesLBJ School of Public Affairs 7 (Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, 10/22/07, “COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REPORT: How Investment in Water, Wastewater, and Irrigation Infrastructure Has Affected the Mexico-Texas Border,” prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://webspace.utexas.edu/dulaymp/www/Evaluation20of20Infrastructure20_Final.pdf) This study makes no claim to be comprehensive in its Scenario 2 is Disease –Farmers of the Mezquital Valley fertilize their crops with raw sewage drained from Mexico City. This toxic sewage exposes farmers to harmful diseases daily.Malkin 10 (Elisabeth, 5/4/10, “Fears That a Lush Land May Lose a Foul Fertilizer,” Mixquiahuala Journal, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/05/world/americas/05mexico.html?pagewanted=1andn=Top/Reference/Times20Topics/Subjects/W/Waterand_r=0) Night and day, Marcelo Mera Bárcenas slops the fetid water But using partially treated wastewater cuts that disease risk dramatically.Romero-Alvarez 97 (Humberto, winner of the 1994 Abraham Horwitz Award, “Case Study VII* - The Mezquital Valley, Mexico,” http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resourcesquality/wpccasestudy7.pdf) The volume of wastewater generated has increased over time. It Scenario 3 is axolotls –Pollution and bacterial contamination from raw sewage threatens the axolotl population of MexicoZoological Society of London No Date (Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered, the only global conservation initiative to focus specifically on threatened species that represent a significant amount of unique evolutionary history, Axolotls, http://www.edgeofexistence.org/amphibians/species_info.php?id=552) Axolotl populations are suffering as Preserving the axolotl’s habitat is the first step to alleviating their declineFowler 13 (Edmund P. Fowler, Professor Emeritus of political science at Glendon College, York University, in Toronto, Ontario, created and taught courses in local government, voting behaviour, community power structure, history of science, and green philosophy. He created and ran the Glendon Municipal Intern Program, under which students worked for municipal councillors in the Toronto region., 3/16/13, The Axolotl Salamander: A Parable, http://terryfowler.ca/articles/the-axolotl-salamander-a-parable/, 12/6/13) There is a salamander in Mexico City called the axolotl Attempts to downplay violence to animals sanitize the most immoral form of disposability as embodied by the factory farmBoggs 7 (Carl Boggs, Carl Boggs is the author of numerous books in the fields of contemporary social and political theory, European politics, American politics, U.S. foreign and military policy, and film studies. For two years (1999-2000) he was Chair of the Caucus for a New Political Science, a section within the American Political Science Association. In 2007 he was recipient of the Charles McCoy Career Achievement Award from the American Political Science Association, Fast Capitalism, Vol. 2, No.2, “Corporate Power, Ecological Crisis, and Animal Rights,” 2007, http://www.uta.edu/huma/agger/fastcapitalism/2_2/boggs.html) Animal-rights agendas face stiff challenges from agribusiness, the meat Plan textThe United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement toward the United Mexican States through investment in Mexican water management systems.SolvencyContention 3 is Solvency –Substantial increase in government investment key to break down structural barriers – black markets, privatization, social backlashErlekam 9 (Franziska, Master of Science in International Economic Consulting, September 2009, “To which extent is water shortage a key determinant for a retarded economic growth? A case study of Mexico City,” Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/7926/Franziska_Erlekam_-_Master_Thesis.pdf) Like for nearly every scarce good, black markets do exist Border region proves plan succeeds – but larger international investment key to funding across MexicoLBJ School of Public Affairs 7 (Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, 10/22/07, “COMPREHENSIVE FINAL REPORT: How Investment in Water, Wastewater, and Irrigation Infrastructure Has Affected the Mexico-Texas Border,” prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://webspace.utexas.edu/dulaymp/www/Evaluation20of20Infrastructure20_Final.pdf) In Mexican urban areas where services exist, some citizens are FramingContention 4 is framing –Privilege impacts already happening now – “any risk” logic makes decisionmaking impossibleMeskill 9 (David, professor at Colorado School of Mines and PhD from Harvard, “The "One Percent Doctrine" and Environmental Faith,” 12/9/09, http://davidmeskill.blogspot.com/2009/12/one-percent-doctrine-and-environmental.html) Tom Friedman's piece today in the Times on the environment Low risk means no risk – policy actions can’t be justified by near-zero probabilitiesRescher 3 (Nicholas, Prof of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Sensible Decisions: Issues of Rational Decision in Personal Choice and Public Policy, p. 49-50) On this issue there is a systemic disagreement between probabilists Apocalyptic rhetoric crystallizes biopolitical structures through the constant, falsified threat of demise – moving away from apocalyptic impacts is a prerequisite to address the disadvantagedCoviello 2k (Peter, assistant professor of English at Bowdoin College, Apocalypse From Now On) Perhaps. But to claim that American culture is at present Reject root cause framing – focus on proximate issues is a prerequisite to just policymakingGoldstein 2 (Joshua S., Professor Emeritus of International Relations, American University (Washington, DC) Research Scholar, University of Massachusetts and Nonresident Sadat Senior Fellow, War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, pg. 412) First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes | 2/3/14 |
1AC UMichTournament: UMich | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pine Crest FJ | Judge: David Gobberdiel PlanThe United States federal government should normalize its economic relations with Cuba.RelationsThe U.S. is trying to rebuild US-Latin American relations but the focus on Cuban regime change prevents genuine improvement.CDA, 13 - Center for Democracy in the Americas (“News Flash? Has the Administration rediscovered Latin America?” 6/7, http://www.democracyinamericas.org/blog-post/news-flash-has-the-administration-rediscovered-latin-america/) Today, as we put cursor-to-screen, we were struck The plan sends a clear signal to improve Latin American relations and reinvigorate the OAS.White, 13 - Senior fellow at the Center for International Policy and former U.S. ambassador to Paraguay and El Salvador (Robert, “After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba”, New York Times, 3/7/13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/opinion/after-chavez-hope-for-good-neighbors-in-latin-america.html?pagewanted=all) FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that Current Cuba policy wrecks OAS credibility – regional coalitions overtake itReuters 12 - Brian Ellsworth, “Despite Obama charm, Americas summit boosts U.S. isolation,” 4/16/12, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/16/us-americas-summit-obama-idUSBRE83F0UD20120416 President Barack Obama sat patiently through diatribes, interruptions and even Cyber-attack coming in the Western Hemisphere – OAS legitimacy is key to coordinationCaribbean News Now 6/25 - “OAS launches cyber security crisis management exercise,” 6/25/13, http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-OAS-launches-cyber-security-crisis-management-exercise-16500.html The assistant secretary general of the Organization of American States Cyberattacks cause extinctionAndreasen 6/14 – national security consultant to the Nuclear Threat Initiative and its Nuclear Security Project (Steve, “Cyberwar’s Threat Does Not Justify a New Policy of Nuclear Deterrence,” 6/14/13, http://www.nti.org/analysis/opinions/cyberwars-threat-does-not-justify-new-policy-nuclear-deterrence/) President Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear policy Engagement creates a framework for environmental protection – it will be modeled and protect biodiversity globallyConell 9 - Research Associate at COHA (Christina, “The U.S. and Cuba: Destined to be an Environmental Duo?”, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 6/12/09, http://www.coha.org/the-us-and-cuba-an-environmental-duo/) Cuba’s abundant natural resources need to be protected with heightened Biodiversity key to ecosystem stability and sustaining the human populationCardinale 13 – Associate Professor, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan (Bradley J., “Opinion: Biodiversity Impacts Humanity,” The Scientist, 2/20, http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/34448/title/Opinion~-~-Biodiversity-Impacts-Humanity/) Nature has provided the goods and services needed to sustain Cuba is the single most important biodiversity hotspot in the regionHouck 00 - Professer of Law, former General Counsel and Vice-President of the National Wildlife Federation, and consultant in the development of environmental law in Cuba and other Latin American countries (Oliver, “Environmental Law in Cuba”, Florida State University Journal of Land Use and Environmental Law, Fall 2000, http://www.law.fsu.edu/journals/landuse/vol161/houck.pdf) On a worldwide basis, biodiversity tends to be concentrated in Biodiversity loss causes human extinction – four reasonsHoward 11 – Professor, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent (Patricia, “Tipping Points and Biodiversity Change: Consequences for Human Wellbeing and Challenges in Science and Policy,” British Academy and the Royal Society, 3/13, http://academia.edu/537857/Tipping_Points_and_Biodiversity_Change_Consequences_for_Human_Wellbeing_and_Challenges_for_Science_and_Policy) With biodiversity change, there are a number of vulnerabilities to TransitionCuban reforms are inevitable but the loss of external investment risks economic and social collapse – offering normal trade relations is vitalAshby 13 - Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. He served in the U.S. Commerce Department's International Trade Admpinistration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere(Timothy, "Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises" 3/29/13, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/) Cuba under Raúl Castro has entered a new period of Cuban collapse diverts attention from existing hotspotsGorrell 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074 GWOT=Global War on Terrorism Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s Hotspots all risk escalation to global nuclear war.Bosco 6 - David Bosco (a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06211/709477-109.stm_ The understanding that small but violent acts can spark global Even a regional nuclear war would cause global famine which would kill billions and trigger pandemics and further warsIPPNW 2010 - International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Won the 1985 Nobel Peace Prize, “Zero is the Only Option: Four Medical and Environmental Cases for Eradicating Nuclear Weapons,” http://ippnweducation.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/zero-is-the-only-option0303010.pdf Using South Asia as an example, 5 these experts have Nuclear war destroys the environmentNissani 92 - Moti, Professor at Wayne State, Lives in the Balance: The Cold War and American Politics 1945-1991, http://www.is.wayne.edu/mnissani/pagepub/CH2.html There will be fewer people and less industrial and commercial Nuclear war would be worse than the largest mass extinctions in geological historyParkinson 3 - Stuart, Scientists For Global Responsibility, “Does Anybody Remember the Nuclear Winter?” http://www.sgr.org.uk/climate/NuclearWinter_NL27.htm One further environmental problem would be widespread destruction of the The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transitionKoenig 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130) The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward SolvencyCuba will say yes – it needs desperately needs new capital to aid economic reformsIglesias 12 – Commander, US Navy. Paper submitted for the Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the the US Army War College (Carlos, “United States Security Policy Implications of a Post-Fidel Cuba” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA560408) For Cuba, the destitute economy can wait no longer. TheAND MultilatUS leadership is unsustainable without a highly visible commitment to multilateralismLake 10 – Professor of Social Sciences, distinguished professor of political science at UC San Diego (David A., “Making America Safe for the World: Multilateralism and the Rehabilitation of US authority”, http://dss.ucsd.edu/~dlake/documents/LakeMakingAmericaSafe.pdf) The safeguarding of US authority requires multilateralism that is broader The plan is a powerful symbol of that commitmentBurgsdorff 9 – Ph. D in Political Science from Freiburg University, EU Fellow at the University of Miami (Sven Kühn von, “Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration”, http://aei.pitt.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/11047/1/vonBurgsdorfUSvsCubalong09edi.pdf) How would the international community react? At international level all The alternative to multilateralism is unilateral militarism – the plan establishes a model for hemispheric diplomacy that sustains US leadershipGrandin 10 – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” New Labor Forum, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23) Washington’s relations with Latin America—particularly in terms of the The plan creates a credible model for multilateral conflict resolutionDickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, “UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA,” 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations Reliance on unilateralism will collapse US leadership and cause global wars with weapons of mass destructionMontalván 10 - a 17-year veteran of the U.S. Army including multiple combat tours in Iraq, master's of science from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism (Luis, “Multilateralism is Essential for Peace in the 21st Century” Huffington Post, 4/23, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/luis-carlos-montalvan/multilateralism-is-essent_b_550332.html) Unilateralism is the wrong approach for American Diplomacy. There is Any step short of unconditional removal means won’t create the same symbol of multilateralismVivanco 6 - LLM from Harvard Law School, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch This reluctance would be understandable but misguided. Most Cubans do Effective multilateralism – led by the United States Solves – prevents multiple triggers for conflict and destructionZakaria 8 - Fareed, Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University, and editor of Foreign Affairs magazine and Newsweek Internationa and professor of IR and political philosophy at Harvard and Columbia University, “Wanted: A New Grand Strategy”, 12/8/08, http://www.newsweek.com/id/171249 | 2/3/14 |
2AC Alta -- Round 1Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: St Georges MR | Judge: Jamie Tran AT: Con-conNewest evidence – a constitutional convention would run away and backfire in this partisan society and destroy our existing ConstitutionRoss 13 (Doug, editorial Page Editor at The Times of Northwest Indiana, March 10th, NWI Times, “Constitutional convention is can of worms”, http://www.nwitimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/editorial-constitutional-convention-is-can-of-worms/article_6cbff58a-2ad6-538f-8fec-4e69a89592b1.html, -hua) The Indiana Senate has approved legislation that could tear up Seriously, it could mean the end of our constitutionSchneider 13 (Mary Beth, IndyStar, “Ind. Senate calls for U.S. constitutional convention,” Feb 26th, http://www.indystar.com/article/20130226/NEWS05/302260067/Ind-Senate-calls-U-S-constitutional-convention, -hua) Senate Minority Leader Tim Lanane, D-Anderson, said he found it It would fail – Supreme Court Justice says soSteven 12 (John Paul Stevens served as an Associate Supreme Court Justice between 1975 and 2010, New York Review of Books, Should We Have a New Constitutional Convention?, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/oct/11/should-we-have-new-constitutional-convention/?pagination=false, -hua) No solvency advocate – Levinson says noSteven 12 (John Paul Stevens served as an Associate Supreme Court Justice between 1975 and 2010, New York Review of Books, Should We Have a New Constitutional Convention?, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/oct/11/should-we-have-new-constitutional-convention/?pagination=false, -hua) Referring to the two great compromises, Levinson asks, “The Central Unlimited amendments – it’s a real threat; their claim to a “limited con-con” is also bunkWolverton 13 (Joe Wolverton, II, J.D, The New American, Eight Simple Questions Expose Dangers of a Constitutional Convention, February 25th, http://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/constitution/item/14607-eight-simple-questions-expose-dangers-of-a-constitutional-convention, -hua) Don’t roll the dice – none of their impacts outweigh the destruction of the constitutionEidsmore 92 (John A. Eidsmoe is a Constitutional Attorney, Professor of Law at Thomas Goode Jones School of Law and Colonel with the USAF, 1992 3 USAFA J. Leg. Stud. 35, p. 57-9) Other misfortunes may be borne, or their effects overcome. If Long time frame for a con-conBeniamin 2002 (Gerald, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science, SUNY, New Paltz, 65 Alb. L. Rev. 1017) Experience has shown that voters may call a constitutional convention Interbranch turn – Con-con -- interbranch conflictEidsmoe ’92 (John A.-, Prof. of Law @ Thomas Goode Jones School of Law, United States Air Force Academy Journal of Legal Studies, “A New Constitutional Convention? Critical Look at Questions Answered, and Not Answered, by Article Five of the United States Constitution”, Lexis; Jacob) It is no wonder, then, that Lawrence Tribe, Professor of AT: China CCPNo China warGoldstein 11 - Professor and Director of the China Maritime Studies Institute @ US Naval War College Dr. Lyle J. Goldstein, “Resetting the US–China Security Relationship,” Survival | vol. 53 no. 2 | April–May 2011 | pp. 89–116 Weighed in the aggregate, China’s rise remains a peaceful process No internal link – Chinese investment inevitableEllis 12 – Associate professor with the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies (R. Evan, “The United States, Latin America, and China: A “Triangular Relationship”?”, Inter-American Dialogue, May, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD8661_China_Triangular0424v2e-may.pdf)//VP Even if China’s current rate of economic growth slows significantly Not zero-sum – China isn’t competing for influencePei 12 – Tom and Margot Pritzker ’72 Professor of Government and director of the Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies at Claremont-McKenna College (Minxin, “Does China represent an economic and political threat to the U.S. in the Western Hemisphere?” January 11, 2012, http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/3254)//VP With China’s growing economic presence in the Western Hemisphere, it Influence is resilient and not zero-sumDuddy and Mora 13 Patrick – US Ambassador to Venezuela until 2010 and Senior Lecturer at Duke. And Frank – Director of Latin American Center at Florida Intl University and former Assistant Secretary of Defense – Western Hemisphere (09-13). “Latin America: Is U.S. influence waning?” 5/1/13 http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/05/01/3375160/latin-america-is-us-influence.html#storylink=cpy As Moises Naim notes in his recent book, The End Empirics prove relationship not zero-sum – Russia has been engaging in the region since the Cold War and China hasn’t launched weaponsUS-Mexico engagement now and inevitable – Transboundary Hydrocarbon agreementUS DOS 12 – The United States Department of State (“U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement”, February 20, 2012, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/02/184235.htm)//sawyer The United States and Mexico today signed an agreement concerning The plan fosters a trilateral relationship – that solves China declineShaiken et al ’13 Harley. Prof in the Center for Latin American Studies at UC-Berkeley. And Enrique Peters – Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami. And Adrian Hearn – Centro de Estudios China-Mexixo at Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. China and the New Triangular Relationships in the Americas: China and the Future of US-Mexico Relations, 2013. Pg 7-8 The analysis of Ping Wang highlights that in the Mexico-US-China AT: CIR DASocial programs and Affordable Care Act thumpFelsenthal 12/4 (Mark, "After health law woes, Obama returns focus on middle class, poor," 12/4/13, www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/04/us-usa-obama-economy-idUSBRE9B304C20131204, slim_) Seeking to recover from the bungled rollout of his healthcare PC failsJonathan Tobin, Commentary, 10/17/13, Can the Obama Revival Succeed?, www.commentarymagazine.com/2013/10/17/can-the-obama-revival-succeed-shutdown/ Give the architects of the Republican attempt to use the Science diplomacy fails and increases the risk of conflictDickson 10 (David Dickson, Direction Science and Development Network , 6/28/10, “Science in diplomacy: ‘On tap but not on top’”, http://scidevnet.wordpress.com/2010/06/28/the-place-of-science-in-diplomacy-E2809Con-tap-but-not-on-topE2809D/) The broadest gaps in understanding the potential of scientific diplomacy Structural barriers make science diplomacy impossibleRoyal Society 10 (Fellowship of more than 1400 outstanding individuals from all areas of science, mathematics, engineering and medicine, who form a global scientific network of the highest caliber, January, 2010, “New frontiers in science diplomacy,” http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/publications/2010/4294969468.pdf) In all forms of science diplomacy, it is important to | 2/3/14 |
2AC Gonzaga -- Round 2Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: Heritage Hall NC | Judge: Taylor Coles AT: CapThe role of the ballot is to engage in cost-benefit analysis over the desirability of plan implementation – reciprocity is key to fairness and not mooting 8 minutes of aff offense – plan focus key to education and topic-specific analysisNo alt – the system is sustainable –*Jones 11* Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It Permutation do the plan and the portions of the alt that don’t reject the plan – if the alt can overwhelm the status quo it can overwhelm the minor change that is the planAlt doesn’t solve the case – institutional focus keyDoran and Barry 6 – worked at all levels in the environment and sustainable development policy arena - at the United Nations, at the Northern Ireland Assembly and Dáil Éireann, and in the Irish NGO sector. PhD--AND-- Reader in Politics, Queen's University School of Politics, International Studies, and Philosophy. PhD Glasgow (Peter and John, Refining Green Political Economy: From Ecological Modernisation to Economic Security and Sufficiency, Analyse and Kritik 28/2006, p. 250–275, http://www.analyse-und-kritik.net/2006-2/AK_Barry_Doran_2006.pdf) The aim of this article is to offer a draft Vague alts are a voter for fairness because they make the neg a moving target which skews our ability to generate offense.Utopian fiat is a voting issue – it’s not reciprocal and kills fairness – destroys clash and topic-specific education because they can just magic our arguments away.AT: Consult Indigenous Peoples CPConsult cp’s are a reason to reject the team—a) Worst form of a PIC – they do the exact mandate of the plan AND something else – coopts 8 minutes of 1AC offense against the counterplanb) Conditional fiat – they get to choose between the world of yes and no which allows them to suck up all our offense and just defend the squo with a disad that doesn’t link to the plan | 2/3/14 |
2AC Gonzaga -- Round 4Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 4 | Opponent: Gonzaga Prep TH | Judge: Iris Malone AT: T-QPQW/M – we give Mexico foreign direct investment based on Mexico saying yesC/I – Economic engagement can be conditional or unconditionalKahler, 6 - Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego (M., “Strategic Uses of Economic Interdependence: Engagement Policies on the Korean Peninsula and Across the Taiwan Strait” in Journal of Peace Research (2006), 43:5, p. 523-541, Sage Publications) Scholars have usefully distinguished between two types of economic engagement: Prefer our interpretation –Contextual – Our author is an IR scholar and talks specifically about economic engagement.Most real world – economic engagement is bothPrecision – our interpretation is better for a comprehensive definition of engagementLimits and ground – our interpretation favors the neg – means we can’t use conditions to spike out of obscure and ridiculous scenariosT isn’t a voter – default to reasonability, competing interps is a race to the marginAT: China CPPerm do bothEngagement is not zero-sum – the US and China have different interests.Cerna 11 (Michael, graduate student in International Policy Management at Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, April 15, 2011. “China's Growing Presence in Latin America: Implications for U.S. and Chinese Presence in the Region.” http://www.chinacenter.net/chinas-growing-presence-in-latin-america-implications-for-u-s-and-chinese-presence-in-the-region/) While China’s commodity-based trade structure is currently lucrative, it Latin America says ‘No’ to China – no cultural connection.Hilton ’13 (Isabel Hilton, writer and broadcaster and editor for chinadialogue “China in Latin America: Hegemonic Challenge?” NOREF Expert Analysis February 2013)-Karla The environmental and ethical practices of Chinese companies have drawn Agent counterplans are a voting issue – unlimited number of potential actors explodes the lit base and kills predictability and fairness – debates about minor technicalities trade off with topic education, creating stale debateInternational fiat is a reason to reject the team – hundreds of countries explodes our research burden – not a logical reason to reject the aff and justifies object fiat – also ridiculous as a decisionmaking model, no actor has the power to choose between the U.S. or China doing a plan – destroys in-depth debate and education | 1/6/14 |
2AC UMich -- Round 2Tournament: UMich | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pine Crest FJ | Judge: David Gobberdiel AT: CIR DAGOP leaders refuse to compromise on CIRDinan 10/30 (Stephen, Washington Times, 10/30/13, “Top GOP leader rejects immigration conference with Senate”, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/oct/30/top-gop-leader-rejects-immigration-conference-sena/, js) The chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee said WednesdayAND Non-Intrinsic – a logical policy maker can vote for both the plan and pass immigration reform.Political capital not key and winners winHirsh 2/7 (Michael, Chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207) On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Regardless of PC, Obama has no credibility which wrecks his agendaKoffler 10/11 (Keith, covered the White House as a reporter for CongressDaily and Roll Call, is editor of the website White House Dossier, "Obama's crisis of credibility", 2013, www.politico.com/story/2013/10/obamas-crisis-of-credibility-98153.html) Presidential leadership failsMann and Ornstein 9/14 (Thomas E Mann, PhD in political science, senior fellow of governance studies at the Brookings Institute, former professor at Princeton, JHU, Georgetown, UVirginia, and American University, Norm Ornstein, founder of political capital theory, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, PhD from the University of Michigan, member of the Advisory Board of the Future of American Democracy Foundation, serves on the Advisory Board of the Institute for Law and Politics at the University of Minnesota Law School, member of the Board of Directors of the nonpartisan election reform group Why Tuesday?, one of Foreign Policy’s Top 100 Global Thinkers of 2012, “Mann and Ornstein: “Brighter future for politics and policy requires a different Republican Party”” http://www.salon.com/2013/09/14/mann_and_ornstein_brighter_future_for_politics_and_policy_requires_a_different_republican_party/) gz The year that has passed since this book first appeared AT: Legal Memorandum CPPerm do both – not mutually exclusiveProcess counterplans bad –A) Fairness – they coopt the whole aff, if they can’t compete functionally they steal all aff groundB) Shifting focus – debating legal minutiae in the process shifts focus away from the plan itself – means we don’t access complex cost-benefit analysis key to educationC) Flawed decision-making model – no single actor has the power to decide between the federal government and passing a memorandum – debating within the normal means of the federal government is the only way to access democratic decision-making | 2/3/14 |
2AC UMich -- Round 3Tournament: UMich | Round: 3 | Opponent: Iowa City West WS | Judge: Whit Whitmore AT: Advantage CPPerm do plan and CPSolvency deficit – only complete lifting of embargo solves relationsPerm solvesHaass and O’Sullivan 2k (Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, Richard and Meghan, “Engaging Problem Countries” June 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2000/06/sanctions-haass) When stringent U.S. sanctions were placed on Cuba in 1962 Removing Cuba from the terror list damages credibility – makes a huge concessionMetzker 13 (Jared, reporter for the Inter Press Service News Agency, 6/13/13, “Pressure Building for U.S. to Remove Cuba from ‘Terror Sponsor’ List”, http://www.globalissues.org/news/2013/06/13/16803//NZ) According to Robert L. Muse, a specialist on the legality Alan Gross concession doesn’t solveBrookings 9 (Brookings Institute, July 2009, “CUBA:A New policy of Critical and Constructive Engagement”, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2009/4/cuba/0413_cuba.pdf)//EM Although it will take Cuban cooperation to achieve a real AT: CIR DAGOP leaders refuse to compromise on CIRDinan 10/30 (Stephen, Washington Times, 10/30/13, “Top GOP leader rejects immigration conference with Senate”, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/oct/30/top-gop-leader-rejects-immigration-conference-sena/, js) The chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee said Wednesday Non-Intrinsic – a logical policy maker can vote for both the plan and pass immigration reform.Political Capital not key and winners winHirsh 2/7 (Michael, Chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207) On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Regardless of PC, Obama has no credibility which wrecks his agendaKoffler 10/11 (Keith, covered the White House as a reporter for CongressDaily and Roll Call, is editor of the website White House Dossier, "Obama's crisis of credibility", 2013, www.politico.com/story/2013/10/obamas-crisis-of-credibility-98153.html) President Barack Obama is like a novice flier thrust into Presidential leadership failsMann and Ornstein 9/14 (Thomas E Mann, PhD in political science, senior fellow of governance studies at the Brookings Institute, former professor at Princeton, JHU, Georgetown, UVirginia, and American University, Norm Ornstein, founder of political capital theory, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, PhD from the University of Michigan, member of the Advisory Board of the Future of American Democracy Foundation, serves on the Advisory Board of the Institute for Law and Politics at the University of Minnesota Law School, member of the Board of Directors of the nonpartisan election reform group Why Tuesday?, one of Foreign Policy’s Top 100 Global Thinkers of 2012, “Mann and Ornstein: “Brighter future for politics and policy requires a different Republican Party”” http://www.salon.com/2013/09/14/mann_and_ornstein_brighter_future_for_politics_and_policy_requires_a_different_republican_party/) gz The year that has passed since this book first appeared AT: Gradualism DACross apply Ashby 13 – reforms are coming now anyways, especially with the death of Chavez. Cuba’s dysfunctional economy needs reform right now and only normalized trade can provide the economic stability needed to prevent social chaos.No link – even if the offer to ease restrictions is fast, reforms will not be a fast policy, which is what their link evidence assumes.Gradual lifting of the embargo weakens U.S. influenceZimbalist 94 (Andrew Zimbalist, writer for the New York Times, "Liberate Cuba. Liberate Us. Lift the Embargo, Now.; Give Castro A Carrot" 2/17/94 http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/17/opinion/liberate-cuba-liberate-us-lift-the-embargo-now-give-castro-a-carrot.html, RLA) More importantly, as the Administration made its first clear move No instability - The population is in favor of quick reformsVivanco 6 (Jose Miguel Vivanco, writer for The Financial Times, “Restraint, not force, will bring change to Cuba” December 22, 2006 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/14558d20-9161-11db-b71a-0000779e2340.html#axzz2b1o5fRFG, RLA) But Mr Castro's final days are near and there are Sanctions limit the ability of the Cuban government to make needed economic reformsCSG 13 (SUPPORTING SMALL BUSINESS IN CUBA (RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR LEADERS, 4—11, p. 6.) SP Cuba’s economic problems are severe. Addressing them will likely require | 2/2/14 |
2AC UMich -- Round 6Tournament: UMich | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles West LD | Judge: Maria Keller AT: Specify SanctionsW/M – we specify that we remove all the sanctions in the embargoC/I – we have to specify an EE action – topic lit defines lifting embargoes as a form of economic engagementHaass and O’Sullivan 2K (Richard N. Haass, formerly a senior aide to President George Bush, is Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND Meghan L. O’Sullivan, is a Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies Survival, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, pp. 113–35 Taylor and Francis online http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1093/survival/42.2.113#preview) Many different types of engagement strategies exist, depending on who Reasons to prefer –Infinitely regressiveLimits – you get enough ground for DAs/CPs, the CI is reasonable and allows for in-depth clash – we access education and you have more than enough groundAT: CPPerm do both – no competitionAT: Neolib KFramework – the k needs to prove that the plan is a bad idea -- only disproving small parts makes it impossible to be aff – destroys predictability and fairnessLink turn – the Cuban embargo represents a Western neoliberal imposition on the Global SouthLamrani No Date (Salim, Dr., lecturer at Paris Sorbonne Paris IV University and Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée University and French journalist, specialist on relations between Cuba and the US, Third World Traveler, http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Caribbean/USEconomicSanctions_Cuba.html) The economic sanctions imposed on Cuba by the United States Permutation do the plan and the portions of the alt that don’t reject the plan – if the alt can overwhelm the status quo it can overwhelm the minor change that is the planAlt doesn’t solve the case – institutional focus keyDoran and Barry 6 – worked at all levels in the environment and sustainable development policy arena - at the United Nations, at the Northern Ireland Assembly and Dáil Éireann, and in the Irish NGO sector. PhD--AND-- Reader in Politics, Queen's University School of Politics, International Studies, and Philosophy. PhD Glasgow (Peter and John, Refining Green Political Economy: From Ecological Modernisation to Economic Security and Sufficiency, Analyse and Kritik 28/2006, p. 250–275, http://www.analyse-und-kritik.net/2006-2/AK_Barry_Doran_2006.pdf) The aim of this article is to offer a draft Alt causes transition warsKothari, 82 Professor of political science at University of Delhi, “Towards a Just Social Order”, p. 571 Attempts at global economic reform could also lead to a Even if the aff is neoliberal, economic engagement can be repurposed to create new social relations – the permutation turns neoliberal techniques against themselves to create social justiceFerguson 11 (Professor of Anthropology at Stanford, The Uses of Neoliberalism, Antipode, Vol. 41, No. S1, pp 166–184) If we are seeking, as this special issue of Antipode Plan isn’t key – no reason why rejecting plan is better than any other instances, and plans that link to neolib have been rejected before, but the K is still nonuniqueAT: CIR DAGOP leaders refuse to compromise on CIRDinan 10/30 (Stephen, Washington Times, 10/30/13, “Top GOP leader rejects immigration conference with Senate”, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/oct/30/top-gop-leader-rejects-immigration-conference-sena/, js) The chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee said Wednesday Non-Intrinsic – a logical policy maker can vote for both the plan and pass immigration reform.Political Capital not key and winners winHirsh 2/7 (Michael, Chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207) On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Regardless of PC, Obama has no credibility which wrecks his agendaKoffler 10/11 (Keith, covered the White House as a reporter for CongressDaily and Roll Call, is editor of the website White House Dossier, "Obama's crisis of credibility", 2013, www.politico.com/story/2013/10/obamas-crisis-of-credibility-98153.html) President Barack Obama is like a novice flier thrust into Presidential leadership failsMann and Ornstein 9/14 (Thomas E Mann, PhD in political science, senior fellow of governance studies at the Brookings Institute, former professor at Princeton, JHU, Georgetown, UVirginia, and American University, Norm Ornstein, founder of political capital theory, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, PhD from the University of Michigan, member of the Advisory Board of the Future of American Democracy Foundation, serves on the Advisory Board of the Institute for Law and Politics at the University of Minnesota Law School, member of the Board of Directors of the nonpartisan election reform group Why Tuesday?, one of Foreign Policy’s Top 100 Global Thinkers of 2012, “Mann and Ornstein: “Brighter future for politics and policy requires a different Republican Party”” http://www.salon.com/2013/09/14/mann_and_ornstein_brighter_future_for_politics_and_policy_requires_a_different_republican_party/) gz The year that has passed since this book first appeared Their evidence isn’t reverse causal – not passing immigration won’t kill relationsU.S.-India relations good and growing – no single issue can derail itDesai 12 (Ronak, fellow at the Truman National Security Project and a former fellow at the Belfer Center's Project on India and the Subcontinent at Harvard University, 11/15/2012, Huff Post World, “US-India Relations Under the Second Obama Administration,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ronak-d-desai/usindia-relations-under-t_b_2115396.html JJ) What's ahead for US-India relations now that President Obama has AT: Gradualism TurnCross apply Ashby 13 – reforms are coming now anyways, especially with the death of Chavez. Cuba’s dysfunctional economy needs reform right now and only normalized trade can provide the economic stability needed to prevent social chaos.Gradual lifting of the embargo weakens U.S. influenceZimbalist 94 (Andrew Zimbalist, writer for the New York Times, "Liberate Cuba. Liberate Us. Lift the Embargo, Now.; Give Castro A Carrot" 2/17/94 http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/17/opinion/liberate-cuba-liberate-us-lift-the-embargo-now-give-castro-a-carrot.html, RLA) More importantly, as the Administration made its first clear move | 1/25/14 |
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