Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: Everyone | Judge:
Contention one is debt
The current way debt is framed is through a model of rational choice contract frame. That model of viewing debt ignores the fact that the people in the countries that owe this much have no agency in deciding if its country should borrow money.
Julie A. Nelson August 2006 Ethics and International Debt:A View from Feminist Economics Tufts University http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae BB
There are “players” and a “game.”
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illegitimate.
The notion that debt is an agreement between states ignores the violence that is committed as a result of that debt. The people paying for this debt are not responsible for the actions their countries made way back when. The fault is traditionally layed on the country that barrowed the money rather than the fault of the country who has yet to forgive the debt.
Julie A. Nelson August 2006 Ethics and International Debt:A View from Feminist Economics Tufts University http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae BB
contractual relations are treated,
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of the imagination responsible for their own impoverishment.
The fact that it is framed through a fair system means that we ignore the ways the debt was accrued in the global south. The north stole their resources forcing them to become dependent on them to keep up economically with the north.
Jagger 02 (Allison M. Jagger, Professor of Philosophy and Women’s Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, A Feminist Critique of the Alleged Southern Debt, Hypatia 17.4 Fall 2002.) BB
Liberal democratic theory holds that all citizens are
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ask to¶ borrow, from which they enjoyed no benefits,
Often the state officials entered into these debt contracts not because they believe the funds will be helpful but rather because they wanted to further their own interests.
Julie A. Nelson August 2006 Ethics and International Debt:A View from Feminist Economics Tufts University http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae BB
. A contract may
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the debt, might be quite beside the point.
That debt results in western structural adjustment programs (SAPs) they serve western interests and result in massive inequality.
Jubilee 12 (Jubilee U.S.A. Network, , an alliance working for the definitive cancellation of crushing debt to fight poverty and injustice in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. How it All Began: Causes of the debt crisis.) BB
Poor SAPs consist of measures designed to help
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spend less on health, education and social services
SAPs are terrible for the local populations and only serve to help the global north. They result in decreased human rights, education, and more domestic conflict. Each person has to pay off the debt individually, not the state.
Abouharb et al 6. "The human rights effects of World Bank structural adjustment, 1981–2000." International Studies Quarterly 50.2 (2006): 233-262.BB
Torture, political imprisonment,
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has led to several states of emergency being imposed.
Thus the plan: the United States federal government should substantially increase non-structural adjustment program based Venezuelan debt relief.
Contention two is framing
There is a moral obligation to advocate against injustice, absent that no one advocating against injustice that results in large scale atrocities and everyone remaining silent.
Filice 90 (Carlo, Asst Prof of Philosophy @ State University of New York, On the Obligation to Keep Informed about Distant Atrocities, Geneseo, Human Rights Quarterly, Aug, Vol. 12, No. 3. p. 397-414) BB
one must concede that an individual alone will
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"moral. "
The state and ethics are inevitably intertwined, without the state there can be no ethics but the state will never be perfectly ethical. There is an ethical imperative to make the state just or it will become unethical.
Simmons 99 (William Paul, Prof @ U of Arizona, Formerly ASU and Bethany College, The Third: Levinas’ Theoretical Move from An-Archical Ethics to the Realm of Justice and Politics, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 25 BB
If the moral-political order totally relinquishes
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strive to maintain the exteriority of the Other
Policy predictions will constantly fail, you should disregard causal link chains.
Tetlock and Gardner 11 (Dan* and Philip, Prof of organizational behavior @ the Haas Business School @ UC-Berkeley* and columnist and senior writer, 7/11/11, Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)
A vast array of other individuals and
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be only slightly more accurate than random guessing
You should privilege everyday violence for two reasons- A) social bias underrepresents its effects B) its effects are exponential, not linear which means even if the only causes a small amount of structural violence, its terminal impacts are huge
Nixon ‘11
(Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 2-3)
Violence is customarily conceived as an event
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gradually degraded.
Structural violence is the largest proximate cause of war- creates priming that psychologically structures escalation
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ‘4
(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn)
(Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22)
central is a blurring of
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consensus toward devaluing certain forms of human life