Tournament: Alta Silver and Black | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bingham Hellebuick - Sayers | Judge: Khalid Sharif
The United States federal government should expand the universal service fund to include broadband internet access. 

That creates universal broadband access
Feinberg 09 (Andrew Deputy Editor, BroadbandCensus.com, “Congress, Industry Execs Agree on Broadband in Revamped Universal Service Fund,” http://broadbandcensus.com/2009/03/congress-industry-execs-agree-on-broadband-in-revamped-universal-service-fund/)
The Obama administration’s priority in ..... the program be technology-neutral.

Universal Broadband access massively boosts economic growth and hegemony
Ferguson 02  (Charles H. Ferguson is a Nonresident Senior Fellow, for Economic Studies at the Brookings Institution. Dr. Ferguson is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, “The U.S. Broadband Problem,” Brookings Policy Brief #101, July 2002, http://www.brookings.edu/papers/2002/07technology_ferguson.aspx)
There is strong evidence that ....medical, and national security authorities.

Tournament: Alta Silver and Black | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bingham Nussenzveig- Wood | Judge: Trevor Free
Next off
Economic engagement with Latin America fuels capitalist exploitation – the plan is used to make imperialist violence more efficient and invisible
Tumino Assistant Professor of English @ City University of New York, 02,
(Stephen, author of Cultural Theory After the Contemporary, May/June 02, The Red Critique, “Contesting the Empire-al Imaginary: The Truth of Democracy as Class,” http://redcritique.org/MayJune02/contestingtheempirealimaginary.htm, Accessed 7/8/13, JB).

But freedom and democracy under … violent democracy of the owners.

Capitalism reduces everything to market abstractions—negates value to life and makes extinction inevitable
Kovel 2(Joel, Professor of Social Studies at Bard , “The Enemy of Nature,” p140-141)
The precondition of an ecologically … holocaust been carried out so impersonally. 

The alternative is to reject the aff
Rejection of the aff is key to a historical materialist criticism – voting negative endorses an anti-capitalist methodology that denaturalizes the functions of capital
San Juan 6 (Epifanio, Jr., Fulbright Lecturer in American Studies at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, “Crisis and Contradiction in Globalization Discourse” http://www.redcritique.org/WinterSpring2006/crisisandcontradictioninglobalizationdiscourse.htm) APB

In order to probe and … marginalized peoples of the planet.

Tournament: Alta Silver and Black | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bingham Hellebuick - Sayers | Judge: Khalid Sharif
US-China relations high now
Hadley(Atlantic Council board director, fromer national security advisor) 10/11/13 (Stephen, “US-China: a new model of great power relations”, Atlantic Council, http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/us-china-a-new-model-of-great-power-relations)
Many people in my country ... recent summit meeting in Sunnylands, California.

B. Link – US engagement in Latin America crushes relations – causes crowd out
Ellis, professor of national security studies at the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, 12
R. Evan, May 2012, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, “The United States, Latin America and China: A ‘Triangular Relationship’?”, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD8661_China_Triangular0424v2e-may.pdf, Accessed 7/2/13, ML

At the political level, US ...  aircraft from the Czech Republic.

C. Impact – Relations are key to solve a US-China war
Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs, 13
Susan V. June 14, Congressional Research Service U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdf RC

Hanging over the relationship is ....  the Chinese government and military.”

That escalates and causes nuclear winter
US China conflict could escalate to nuclear war – improving relations is the only solution
Wittner 11, Professor of History emeritus at SUNY/Albany, 12
Dr. Lawrence Wittner 11/10/12, Huffington Post http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lawrence-wittner/nuclear-war-china_b_1116556.html)

While nuclear weapons exist, there... be working to encourage these policies.

Tournament: Contact Information | Round: 1 | Opponent: Natali Shumlak | Judge:
Natali Shumlak (2N) natali.shumlak@gmail.com

Tournament: Alta SIlver and Black | Round: 5 | Opponent: Highland Bradley - Romney | Judge: Lindsay Van Luvanee
Interpretation: The aff should defend the hypothetical enactment of a topical plan
“United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
Ericson, California Polytechnic Dean Emeritus, 03
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future ... future action that you propose. 

2.  Roleplaying is good and key to in-depth political knowledge – the process of debating politics and counterplans is key
Zwarensteyn, Grand Valley State Masters’ student, 12
Ellen C., 8-1-2012 “High School Policy Debate as an Enduring Pathway to Political Education: Evaluating Possibilities for Political Learning” http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034andcontext=theses accessed: 7/5/13 EYS

The first trend to emerge ... as superficial outlets for information.

3. That turns the aff – focusing on the details and inner-workings of government policy-making is productive – critical approaches can’t resolve real world problems like poverty, racism and war
McClean, Mollow College Philosophy Professor, 01
David E., Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, Molloy College, New York, 2001 “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” Presented at the 2001 Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, Available Online at www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm, JMP, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP
Yet for some reason, at least ... the so-called "managerial class."

4. Topic Specific Education - Role playing and decision making solves Latin American education failure in the US.
Cook, Education Practitioner, 85
Kay K., September 1985, “Latin American Studies”, http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-923/latin.htm, accessed 7/7/13, ALT
Gallup polls indicate that Latin America ... preconceived notions about that region.

5 Our framework is socially productive – forcing students to assert policy solutions has tremendous research and education benefits and encourages them to become advocates for change rather than mere spectators
Joyner 99, Georgetown University International Law in the Government Department Professor
 Professor of International Law in the Government Department at Georgetown University, 1999 (Christopher C., Spring, 199, 5 ILSA J Int'l and Comp L 377, Accessed on July 5, 2013)SP
Use of the debate can ... political critique, and legal defense.

6 Simulating IR Policy is critical for skill development and advocacy skills
Starkley and Blake, University of Maryland, 2001 (Brigid and Elizabeth, Simulation in international relations education, http://maaz.ihmc.us/rid=1K7F7521P-2BS8TQR-V0T/Garcia20Carbonell20et20al20-20Simulation.pdf#page=94, Accessed- 7-6-13, RRR)
For the past 50 years, ... of real-world decision makers.3

Tournament: Alta Silver and Black | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bingham Nussenzveig- Wood | Judge: Trevor Free
Counterplan text: The United States Federal Government should end its practice of determining who has legal right to occupancy and entitlements in the United States and completely open the U.S. Mexico border if and only if the government of Mexico agrees to a National Action Plan for Trafficking in Persons.

Many Mexican officials have been complicit in Human Trafficking
Department of State 10, OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS from the State Department, 6-14-2010, “Trafficking in Persons Report 2010” http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/142760.htm Accessed: 7-2-2013 BK)

NGOs, members of the government … suspected involvement in human trafficking.

We have a moral obligation to fight human trafficking – it is the most fundamental assault on humanity and is violence on women
Pryce, U.S. Representative 06 – Deborah, U.S. Representative, May 8, “COMBATING MODERN-DAY SLAVERY” http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=14618Date Accessed: 7-4-2013 BK

We have a moral obligation … to outrage, but to action.
Merida initiative proves that conditional engagement with Mexico has been successful.
Huffington Post, 9
8/5/09, Huffington Post, “Mexico Anti-Drug Aid Delayed Due To Human Rights Criticism,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/08/05/mexico-anti-drug-aid-dela_n_251586.html, accessed 7/5/13, MC

WASHINGTON — Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt.,  … disappearances in rejecting the report.

Tournament: Alta Silver and Black | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bingham Nussenzveig- Wood | Judge: Trevor Free
T
Economic engagement includes removing trade embargos, tariffs, export credits, promoting investment, tech transfer, loans and aid.

Haass Director of Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, and O'Sullivan, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, 2000 (Richard and Meghan, "Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies," http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf  Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)

Architects of engagement strategies can … in the form of¶ engagement.