Tournament: Dowling | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles West AB | Judge: Lincoln Garrett
If there's something you want posted that you don't see, you want full text of, or there's 2nc cards from some debate that you want, shoot me an email at evanrunburg at gmail dot com.

Tournament: Iowa Caucus | Round: 6 | Opponent: Omaha Westside | Judge: Liam Murphy
Vote negative to endorse the 1ac’s performance excluding their usage of ableist metaphors

The affirmative asks you to “speak up” and say that “our voices are how we achieve our justice” --- As rhetoricians, we have a unique responsibility to reject the ableism of these metaphors
Lacey 10 (Teacher, MA in English, “The Conversations Metaphor and Ableism”, 9/6, http://equality101.net/?p=1886 Accessed 2/10/11 GAL)
In my last post, I discussed how I might use the seemingly elementary activity
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teaching students how to critically engage with texts and contribute to their communities.

This ableist speech strengthens oppression and destroys the purposes of public debate – the impacts trump the other warrants in their arguments
Wheelchair Dancer, 4/28/8 (“On Making Argument: Disability and Language”, http://cripwheels.blogspot.com/2008/04/on-making-argument-disability-and.html Accessed: 2/10/11 GAL)
If you are feeling a little bit of resistance, here, I'd ask you
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of oppression that motivated us to speak out in the first place.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 6 | Opponent: Walter Payton MY | Judge: Ryan Nierman
Counterplan: the Executive branch should appoint a commission to review Cuba foreign policy. The commission should recommend that the United States federal government pursue trade liberalization with Cuba for agriculture commodities.

That solves the case and doesn’t link to politics – it avoids congressional infighting and riders and leads to immediate adoption of the plan
Norris 12 (John Norris, Executive Director of the Sustainable Security and Peacebuilding Initiative at American Progress, “Please God, Not Another Blue-Ribbon Panel”, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/24/please_god_not_another_blue_ribbon_panel, 10-24-2012, Evan)
The reviews have resulted in some progress, but largely around the margins -- some
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yet another blue-ribbon panel that is all hat and no cattle.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Preston Stolte

2

In the face of the affirmative’s demands, you can vote negative to say "I would prefer not to."

Their demand forces finality and closure – non-compliance opens up advocacy to the indeterminacy of spectrality and the possibility of multiple modes of becoming

Fernando 10 ~Jeremy, The Suicide Bomber; and her gift of death, pp. x-xi, Evan~
Whilst speaking with a survivor of the Second World War, what struck me most
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s) that precede the ’no’; and all that will come after.

Forcing you to respond with an affirmation severs subjectivity from politics – This isn’t to say you should reject them, but instead it opens the possibility of multiple relations by voting neg

Fernando 10 ~Jeremy, The Suicide Bomber; and her gift of death, pp. xii-xiii, Evan~
At each utterance of ’no’ there are always already ghosts of all the other self
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. Hence, each choice is irreducibly singular and thus incomparable, uncomparable.

Lastly, the 1ac has already been introduced and has no tie to the author, existing independently – voting negative is a better way of making their strategy resound

Bryant 12 - Professor of Philosophy at Collin College (Levi R., Author of a number of articles on Deleuze, Badiou, Zizek, Lacan, and political theory, July 22nd, 2012, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/07/22/machinic-art-the-matter-of-contradiction/)
An artist friend of mine asked me what I’ll be discussing at The Matter of
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sense, and creates an affect for the slaughter of the innocents everywhere.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ransom Everglades GP | Judge: Elyse Conklin
Counterplan: The United States bureaucrats, politicians, and military personnel should substantially increase their economic engagement with Mexico through investment in cybraceros 

THE NET BENEFIT IS DEATH WORSHIP – 

THE PLAN TEXT ESTABLISHES THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AS A UNITARY ACTOR WHO CAN IMPLEMENT THE PLAN. THIS VISION OF SOVEREIGN AGENCY SMOOTHES THE TRUE TENSIONS INHERENT IN THE POLICY PROCESS IN FAVOR OF AN OVERARCHING ACTOR WITH DIVINE POWERS.
CLAUDE, 1988 Inis, Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs, University of Virginia, States and the Global System, pg 18
This view of the state as an institutional monolith is fostered by the notion of
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good as done and might as well be declared to have been done.

THEIR USE OF THE WORD ‘GOVERNMENT’ IS SLAVESPEAK THAT MAKES THE AVERAGE CITIZEN POWERLESS IN THE FACE OF OVERARCHING SOVEREIGN POWER.
MANN, 1997 Frederick, NSPIC DEBATE, http://www.mind-trek.com/reports/tl07e.htm
You might think, "So what? Why is this important?" Much of
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government" beast. Terrocrats are human. I can deal with them. 

THE IMPACT IS EXTINCTION.
BERES, 1994 Louis Rene, Ph.D., Professor of International Law, Purdue University - SPRING, 11 Ariz. J. Int'l and Comp. Law 1 “SELF-DETERMINATION, INTERNATIONAL LAW AND SURVIVAL ON PLANET EARTH”
With Hegel's characterization of the State as "the march of God in the world
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that is, after all, the most indelible badge of modern humankind.

THE COUNTERPLAN SOLVES BY RECOGNIZING THE GOVERNMENT AS NOTHING BUT AN AMALGAMATION OF INDIVIDUALS.
LUNDY, 2007 Tom, best-known authority on jury instructions in California and criminal appellate practitioner since 1974, Posted in response to A Fiscal ‘Tsunami’ http://www.newsweek.com/id/70378/output/comments
Ron Paul "and those like him" understand human nature much better than you
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Did you forget what a fine job the politicians and bureaucrats did there?

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Travis Henderson
Counterplan: The United States federal government should not plan unless Mexico adopts and enforces legislation for sea turtle conservation abiding by standards outlined in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna.

CP’s conditional engagement solves case and prevents sea turtle population extinction
CBD 13 (Center for Biological Diversity, 7-15-2013, Center for Biological Diversity, a nonprofit membership organization known for its work protecting endangered species through legal action and scientific petitions, “Tell Mexico: Stop Killing Endangered Sea Turtles,” http://action.biologicaldiversity.org/o/2167/p/dia/action3/common/public/?action_KEY=13749)
Each year at least 2,000 endangered loggerhead sea turtles are caught by shark
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I urge Mexico to act now to save these ancient and vanishing animals.

Destruction of the sea turtle population causes extinction – the brink is now
Steiner 10 (Todd Steiner, 2010, Sea Turtle Restoration Project, Executive Director at Turtle Island Restoration Network, San Francisco Bay Area, “Are Sea Turtles Worth Saving?” http://www.bonaireturtles.org/explore/are-sea-turtles-worth-saving/)
Sea turtles demonstrate the ultimate lesson of ecology – that everything is connected. Sea
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important. Put the clock back together and see if it still works.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Des Moines Roosevelt PW | Judge: Mitchell Caminer
Counterplan: 

-the United States federal government should allow Customs and Border Protection to accept funds from state governments, and

-Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California should invest in border infrastructure.

That solves the case – the states are willing and able to invest – the only barrier is funding
Hendricks, 12 (David, Staff Writer for My San Antonio newspaper, JULY 13, 2012, http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/business_columnists/david_hendricks/article/Choked-border-crossings-need-this-bill-3705492.php, Choked border crossings need this bill”, Evan)
U.S.-Mexico trade has grown to more than $1 billion per
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. Until the bill passes, freight will be waiting at the border.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 7 | Opponent: College Prep HJ | Judge: Chris Stone

CP – the United States federal government should ban signature strike operations on maintaining high value targeted killing. The United States federal government should restrict its target killing operations to solely confirmed militant extremists in confirmed geographic locations that are unable or unwilling to combat those threats. The United States federal government should consult with local governments before conducting strikes. The United States federal government should substantially limit its indefinite detention policies. The United States federal government should conduct racial tests on suspected extremists to ensure objective and factual analysis free from bias and determine by limiting those practices to reviewable operations guided by an individualized threat requirement, a feasibility test for criminal prosecution, procedural safeguards, and by statutory codification of executive branch review policy for those practices to determine confirmation. The USFG should end all indiscriminate forms of the war on terror.

Sig strikes are the worst form of the WOT – high value TK is key to combat effective threats

Dunn and Wolf ’13 ~Dr David Hastings Dunn is Reader in International Politics and Head of ¶ Department in the Department of Political Science and International Studies ¶ at the University of Birmingham, UK, Chairman of the ¶ West Midlands Military Education Committee, winner of the the UK’s Political Studies Association’s ¶ Best Article in the British Journal of Politics and International Relations in ¶ 2009 Prize, and Stefan Wolff, PhD, is Professor of International Security at the University of ¶ Birmingham in the UK, "Drone Use in Counter-Insurgency and CounterTerrorism: Policy or Policy Component?" http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/WHR_2-13_Hitting_the_Target.pdf~~23page=89-http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/WHR_2-13_Hitting_the_Target.pdf~~
The use of drones as weapons has evolved naturally from their use as reconnaissance vehicles
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begin a process of taking drones out of the hands of the CIA.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 7 | Opponent: College Prep HJ | Judge: Chris Stone

Obama in Asia to express renewed focus on the Asian-Pivot in the face of other crises like Ukraine- focus is zero-sum

Wyne 4/25 (Ali Wyne, Reuters, "A three-part plan for Obama’s pivot to Asia", http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2014/04/25/a-three-part-plan-for-obamas-pivot-to-asia/-http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2014/04/25/a-three-part-plan-for-obamas-pivot-to-asia/, April 25, 2014)

President Obama embarked this week on an eight-day trip to Japan, South
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opportunity to shape the world order than it has had in 25 years.

Link- shifting focus to Latin America wrecks Asian pivot- Obama has set an agenda and needs to avoid diplomatic fights with China over the plan

Branigan et al. ’12 (Tania Branigan in Beijing, Jason Burke in Delhi, David Smith in Johannesburg, Jonathan Watts in Rio de Janeiro, Ian Traynor in Brussels, The Guardian, "Obama’s first term: pivot to Asia and tweaks to Latin America",  http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/21/obama-foreign-policy-pivots-asia-http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/21/obama-foreign-policy-pivots-asia, October 21, 2012)

Away from the Middle East, Barack Obama’s foreign policy has been largely about turning
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in the forthcoming election, which is likely to be a mixed blessing.

The Asia Pivot will encourage stronger relations between India and China, preventing future conflict between the two countries

Franz-Stefan Gady, (military analyst and world affairs commentator), 3/18/13, Huffington Post, "consequences of obama’s asia pivot," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/franzstefan-gady/obama-china-india_b_2853600.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/franzstefan-gady/obama-china-india_b_2853600.html
In the kaleidoscopic world of power politics in Asia, the United States’ pivot to
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of a deadlocked alliance — little growth of both Indian and Chinese power.

Sino-Indian war is the highest risk for nuclear conflict.

Sullivan 10 – research fellow @ AEI 
Tim Sullivan, research fellow and program manager at the American Enterprise Institutes Centre for Defence Studies. "The next nuclear arms race". Pakistan Observer. 9/29/10. Lexis.
India and Pakistan are the two countries most likely to engage in nuclear war or
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on potentially vulnerable overseas trade: that creates the conditions for heightened insecurity.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ransom Everglades GP | Judge: Elyse Conklin
Obama has emerged from the shutdown as a clear winner – maintaining political capital is key to a bipartisan immigration deal
Sanders 10-22-13 (Bob Ray, “There's no better time for Obama to push for immigration reform”, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/10/22/206078/bob-ray-sanders-theres-no-better.html#storylink=cpy, CMR)
Now that the Republican hijacking of the federal government has been brought to an end
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to file for office and gear up their campaigns for the 2014 contests.

Plan drains political capital
Wilson 13 – Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)
At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing
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action to support regional exporters more politically divisive than it ought to be. 

That’s key to passage
Laura Matthews, 10/16/2013 (staff writer, “2013 Immigration Reform Bill: 'I'm Going To Push To Call A Vote,' Says Obama,” http://www.ibtimes.com/2013-immigration-reform-bill-im-going-push-call-vote-says-obama-1429220, Accessed 10/17/2013, rwg)
Still, pro-immigration advocates are hopeful they can attain their goal soon. “With more prodding from the president and the American people,” Gutierrez said, “we can get immigration reform legislation passed in the House and signed into law.”

CIR is key to the economy
Farrell 12 (Chris, a contributing editor for Bloomberg Businessweek. From 1986-97, he was on the magazine's staff, as a corporate finance staff and department editor and then as an economics editor. Farrell wrote Right on the Money: Taking Control of Your Personal Finances and Deflation: What Happens When Prices Fall? Among Farrell's many awards are a National Magazine Award, two Loeb Awards, and the Edward R. Murrow Award. Farrell is a graduate of the London School of Economics and Stanford University. “Obama’s Next Act: Immigration Reform” http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-12-13/obamas-next-act-immigration-reform)
Washington won’t get much of a reprieve from verbal pyrotechnics once the drama of the
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legality offers Washington a rare twofer: a just move that’s economically efficient.

Economic decline causes multiple global nuclear wars and massive poverty
O’Hanlon 12 Kenneth G. Lieberthal, Director of the John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy and Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, former Professor at the University of Michigan “The Real National Security Threat: America's Debt,” Los Angeles Times, July 10th, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/07/10-economy-foreign-policy-lieberthal-ohanlon
Alas, globalization and automation trends of the last generation have increasingly called the American
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really possible if that fundamental prerequisite to effective foreign policy is not reestablished.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN CH | Judge: Dominic Jose
China influence is up and US engagement is down – recent trips pale in comparison to policy.
Martinez ’13 (Guillermo I., Columnist, “America losing influence throughout Latin America” May 23, 2013, The Sun Sentinel, http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2013-05-23/news/fl-gmcol-oped0523-20130523_1_drug-cartels-latin-america-pri)-mikee
Once upon a time, as many fairy tales start, the United States was
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lose status as a premier world power. This is no fairy tale.

Chinese and Western influence mutually trades off
Ellis 13 (Evan, professor at the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies in Washington, D.C., is an analyst of Latin American economic, political and security issues, with a research focus on Latin America’s relationships with China and other extraregional actors, including India, Russia and Iran, 6-7-13, Manzella Report, “U.S.-China Competition Heats Up as Chinese President Xi Tours Latin America”, web)
In Latin America, while many governments and private interests have benefitted from the PRC’s
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soy industry, which sells 75 percent of its output to the PRC.

China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power
Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)
China's forays into Latin America are part of its grand strategy to acquire "comprehensive
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trade agreements), and mutual security pacts, intelligence cooperation and arms sales. 

Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction
Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays an increasingly significant role in the world, its soft power must
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As the China model improves, it will continue to surprise the world.

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Chattahoochee LW | Judge: Andrew Hart
Obama can overcome the Israeli Lobby in Congress to stop sanctions – but its close and pol cap is key
Gideon Rachman, staff writer, 9-25-13, “Obama needs to take on the Israel lobby over Iran”, FT, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/df0d49e8-55dd-11e3-96f5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2mlYGBaM0//jacob
For Barack Obama, striking a nuclear deal with Iran may turn out to be
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fabled power of the Israel lobby may never be quite the same again.

Plan saps Obama’s capital---anti-Cuba lobby is too powerful
Birns and Mills 13 (Larry, Director of the Council on Hemispheric Affairs, Frederick B., COHA Senior Research Fellow, 01/30, “Best Time for U.S.–Cuba Rapprochement Is Now,” http://www.coha.org/best-time-for-u-s-cuba-rapprochement-is-now/)
Despite the basic intransigence of US policy towards Cuba, in recent years, important
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history may very well be that it ought never to have been started.

Capital is key---its on the brink and failure risks middle east war
Merry 11/19 (Robert W. Merry is political editor of The National Interest and the author of books on American history and foreign policy, “Obama and Netanyahu Go to War,” http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/obama-netanyahu-go-war-9420?page=1)
President Obama finds himself in a weakened state. His health care law is sapping
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midst of his delicate efforts, would constitute "a march to war."
Negotiations failure triggers military strikes and regional proliferation-causes escalatory wars and collapses the economy.
Cordesman, CSIS, 2013 (Anthony, “Negotiating with Iran: The Strategic Case for Pragmatism and Real Progress”, 9-23, http://csis.org/publication/negotiating-iran-strategic-case-pragmatism-and-real-progress, ldg)
Nevertheless, it makes no sense at all to reject Hassan Rouhani’s opening or condemn
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end result is a major interruption in the flow of Gulf petroleum exports.

War goes nuclear and escalates --- structural factors don’t check.
Primakov 9 (Yevgeny, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the Russian Federation, Member of Russian Academy of Science, “The Middle East Problem in the Context of International Relations,” Russia in Global Affairs, July-September 2009, http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_13593)
The Middle East conflict is unparalleled in terms of its potential for spreading globally.
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seems that President Obama’s position does not completely rule out such a possibility.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 7 | Opponent: College Prep HJ | Judge: Chris Stone

Obama’s holding back Keystone now but momentum is growing —- PC is key to holding back a veto-proof bill

NEWSMAX 4/23/2014 (http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/keystone-pipeline-supporters-mcconnell/2014/04/23/id/567147/)
The Obama administration’s latest Keystone XL delay is having an unintended consequence: the revival
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to attach language approving Keystone to must-pass legislation Obama can’t veto..

Plan is a flip-flop and costs political capital

Williams 13 (Carol, currently at the LA Times, A foreign correspondent for 25 years, Carol J. Williams traveled to and reported from more than 80 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America, Political calculus keeps Cuba on U.S. list of terror sponsors. http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-cuba-us-terror-list-20130502,0,2494970.story~23ixzz2YmmqmyTI-http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-cuba-us-terror-list-20130502,0,2494970.story, 5/3/13)
The decision to retain Cuba on the list surprised some observers of the long-
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out to Cuba, that he has more important foreign policy battles elsewhere."

Extinction – Keystone is the key link to devastating atmospheric changes

BRECHER* AND SMITH 2012 – winner of 5 regional emmys for documentary work  cofounder of the labor network for sustainability ("Pipeline Climate Disaster: The Keystone XL Pipeline and Labor", http://www.labor4sustainability.org/articles/pipeline-climate-disaster-the-keystone-xl-pipeline-and-labor/-http://www.labor4sustainability.org/articles/pipeline-climate-disaster-the-keystone-xl-pipeline-and-labor/)
Does the Keystone XL hold a hidden threat? The Keystone XL pipeline is a
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, lead, chromium, mercury, arsenic, selenium, and benzene.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Des Moines Roosevelt PW | Judge: Mitchell Caminer
NADBank doesn’t have the capability or resources for the plan – the aff leads to bureaucratic politics and trades off with environmental projects
Pastor 08 (Robert A. Pastor, Director at the Center for North American Studies, Norteamerica, Year 2, Number 2, January 2008, “The Solution to North America’s Triple Problem: The Case for a North American Investment Fund”, http://www.american.edu/sis/cnas/upload/triple_problem_pastor.pdf, Evan)
(3) Mechanism/Institution. In the interest of using scarce resources,
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need to make such a request of the President of the World Bank. 

That’s key to the border environment – NADBank is the key internal link to environmental sustainability – limited funds magnify the link
Cabrera 04 (Javier Cabrera, GM at the Border Environment Cooperation Commission, “BORDER ENVIRONMENT COOPERATION COMMISSION”, www.calepa.ca.gov/border/Documents/becc.pdf?, a bunch of other authors too, Evan)
The Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC) is an independent, binational organization created
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environmental future that will improve the quality of life for all border residents.

That’s key to protecting critical biodiversity hotspots
Serraglio 13 (Randy Serraglio, Center for Biological Diversity, “BORDERLANDS AND BOUNDARY WATERS”, www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/international/borderlands_and_boundary_waters/, 6-23-2013, Evan)
The lands surrounding our international borders contain spectacular landscapes and crucial habitats, from the
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ensure that imperiled species in terrestrial and aquatic habitats are respected and protected.

Extinction
Raj 12 (Dr. P.J. Sanjeeva Raj, consultant ecologist and the Professor and Head of the Zoology Department of the Madras Christian College (MCC),  “Beware the loss of biodiversity”, September 23, 2012, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/beware-the-loss-of-biodiversity/article3927062.ece)
Professor Edward O. Wilson, Harvard visionary of biodiversity, observes that the current
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and, above all, equitably share the sustainable benefits out of it.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Travis Henderson
Prices will stay above $100 this year-current production costs have set a floor
Sreekumar 7/15 – Arjun Sreekumar, The Motley Fool, 2/1/13, “What's Next for Oil Prices?,” http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/02/01/what-next-for-oil-prices.aspx
Crude oil prices are driven primarily by global supply and demand fundamentals, as well
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the reason why oil continues to trade at around $110 a barrel.

Plan revitalizes PEMEX and leads to huge production which tanks prices
Cekerevac 6/21 (Sasha Cekerevac, BA Economics with Finance specialization, a Senior Editor at Lombardi Financial, 2013, “Oil in Mexico: A Once in 80 Years Investment Opportunity,” Investment Contrarians, Econ Matters, LexisNexis, 6-21-13, Available Online at Lexis)
Even though people want to move away from hydrocarbons as an energy source, for
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one of the world's largest reserves of both oil and natural gas. PEMEX

High oil prices are key to stabilize the Middle East and Saudi Arabia
Freidman 8 (George, CEO of Stratfor, American political scientist and author, “The Geopolitics of $130 Oil,” http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/geopolitics_130_oil)
As we have already said, the biggest winners are the countries of the Arabian
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the United States in disarray, the Arabian Peninsula can be very helpful.

War goes nuclear and escalates -~-- structural factors don’t check.
Primakov 9 (Yevgeny, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the Russian Federation, Member of Russian Academy of Science, “The Middle East Problem in the Context of International Relations,” Russia in Global Affairs, July-September 2009, http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_13593)
The Middle East conflict is unparalleled in terms of its potential for spreading globally.
AND
seems that President Obama’s position does not completely rule out such a possibility.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dowling WZ | Judge: Brad Bolman

the US is getting allies on board to pressure Russia now —— focus is key

VOA 4/21/2014 ("Kerry Urges Russia to Help Implement Ukraine Agreement", http://www.voanews.com/content/reu-biden-heading-to-kyiv-to-meet-with-ukraine-leaders/1897475.html-http://www.voanews.com/content/reu-biden-heading-to-kyiv-to-meet-with-ukraine-leaders/1897475.html)
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry urged Russia on Monday to meet
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, adding that all options would "include some level of ground force."

The plan crushes Kerry —- BOTH the process of implementation and political fallout would drain his ability to get things done

VALENCIA 2013 - Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs and is a contributing writer for Global Voices (Robert, 2/11/13, "Diplomatic efforts in Latin America require fresh faces", World Policy Blog, http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/02/11/diplomatic-efforts-latin-america-require-fresh-faces-http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/02/11/diplomatic-efforts-latin-america-require-fresh-faces)
While the global press largely focused on Iran, China, and the Middle East
AND
have deteriorated because of a lack of an active, knowledgeable diplomatic corps. 

key to stop Russian aggression- escalates to full-scale war

Stacey, 3-23 – Center for Transatlantic Relations senior visiting fellow
~Jeffrey, PhD from Columbia University, joined CTR after serving in the Obama
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-international-relations.html, accessed 3-26-14~
The U.S. and Russia are not engaged in a new Cold War
AND
the last 5 years has led to an incursion, that’s pretty credible.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dowling WZ | Judge: Brad Bolman

House GOP will pass unemployment package- top of the docket- Obama pc in negotiations to sync bills is the last step

Goodman 4/20 (Bonnie K. Goodman, Bonnie K. Goodman is the Editor of the Academic Buzz Network, a series of political, academic 26 education blogs which includes History Musings: History, News 26 Politics. She has a BA in History 26 Art History 26 a Masters in Library and Information Studies, both from McGill University, and has done graduate work in Jewish history at Concordia University as part of the MA in Judaic Studies program. Her specializations are US, Canadian 26 Israeli politics, "Reid believes Boehner, House GOP will pass unemployment benefits extension bill", http://www.examiner.com/article/reid-believes-boehner-house-gop-will-pass-unemployment-benefits-extension-bill-http://www.examiner.com/article/reid-believes-boehner-house-gop-will-pass-unemployment-benefits-extension-bill, April 20, 2014)
In the Senate there is still hope that the long-term jobless unemployment benefits
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add 200,000 jobs and the program would cost 2426 billion.

Plan is a flip-flop and costs political capital

Williams 13 (Carol, currently at the LA Times, A foreign correspondent for 25 years, Carol J. Williams traveled to and reported from more than 80 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America, Political calculus keeps Cuba on U.S. list of terror sponsors. http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-cuba-us-terror-list-20130502,0,2494970.story~23ixzz2YmmqmyTI-http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-cuba-us-terror-list-20130502,0,2494970.story, 5/3/13)
The decision to retain Cuba on the list surprised some observers of the long-
AND
out to Cuba, that he has more important foreign policy battles elsewhere."

Unemployment legislation key to economic recovery

Harkin 2/5 Tim. "Extending unemployment benefits will help many" January 5, 2014. http://www.press-citizen.com/article/D5/20140206/OPINION02/302060012/Extending-unemployment-benefits-will-help-many-http://www.press-citizen.com/article/D5/20140206/OPINION02/302060012/Extending-unemployment-benefits-will-help-many
For too many workers, that is the reality in our country today. The
AND
, helping businesses to keep up sales as the economy continues to recover.

Global war

ROYAL ’10 – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dowling WZ | Judge: Brad Bolman

Risk of nuclear terrorism is real and high now

Bunn et al, 13 ~ Bunn, Matthew, Valentin Kuznetsov, Martin B. Malin, Yuri Morozov, Simon Saradzhyan, William H. Tobey, Viktor I. Yesin, and Pavel S. Zolotarev. "Steps to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism." Paper, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, October 2, 2013, Matthew Bunn. Professor of the Practice of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School andCo-Principal Investigator of Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Vice Admiral Valentin Kuznetsov (retired Russian Navy). Senior research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senior Military Representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense to NATO from 2002 to 2008. • Martin Malin. Executive Director of the Project on Managing the Atom at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Colonel Yuri Morozov (retired Russian Armed Forces). Professor of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences and senior research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief of department at the Center for Military-Strategic Studies at the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces from 1995 to 2000. • Simon Saradzhyan. Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Moscow-based defense and security expert and writer from 1993 to 2008. • William Tobey. Senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and director of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, deputy administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation at the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration from 2006 to 2009. • Colonel General Viktor Yesin (retired Russian Armed Forces). Leading research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and advisor to commander of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, chief of staff of the Strategic Missile Forces from 1994 to 1996. • Major General Pavel Zolotarev (retired Russian Armed Forces). Deputy director of the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the Information and Analysis Center of the Russian Ministry of Defense from1993 to 1997, section head - deputy chief of staff of the Defense Council of Russia from 1997 to 1998. 10/2 http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/23430/steps_to_prevent_nuclear_terrorism.html-C:\Users\Evan\Desktop\new-open-evidence\ http:\belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu\publication\23430\steps_to_prevent_nuclear_terrorism.html~
I. Introduction In 2011, Harvard’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and
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the intention to acquire and use nuclear weapons is as strong as ever.

AQIM will have a safe haven in Northern Mali within the year- guarantees terrorist attacks in Europe and the US

Dreazen, 13 — Atlantic contributing editor
~Yochi, "The New Terrorist Training Ground," The Atlantic, 9-18-13, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/10/the-new-terrorist-training-ground/309446/?single_page=true26google_editors_picks=true, accessed 9-28-13, mss~

French air and ground forces reconquered the north this past January, bringing the region
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Islam, in other words, is likely to be an African one.

EU terrorism spurs massive strikes on Pakistan- causes geopolitical meltdown

Karon, Time senior editor, 10
~Tony, "Why a Terrorist Strike on Europe Risks Geopolitical Meltdown," Time, www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2023847,00.html, accessed 7-5-11, mss~

Why a Terrorist Strike on Europe Risks Geopolitical Meltdown  Bad as they are, right
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of attacks in Europe that emanate from Pakistan would force a similar response.

Pakistani strikes turn every impact- spur massive radicalization and global conflict

Shaukat, 10 ~Sajjad, "If US attacks Pakistan," Pakistan Daily, 6-9-10, http://www.daily.pk/if-us-attacks-pakistan-18574/, accessed 7-26-11, mss~

However, any US prospective attack on the Pakistan either on limited scale or vast
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masses which is essential to thwart the nefarious designs of the United States. 

Causes global nuclear war

Morgan, political psychologist, 2007
~Stephan John, former member of the British Labour Party Exectutive Committee, "Better another Taliban Afghanistan, than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan," http://www.electricarticles.com/display.aspx?id=639, accessed 2-27-10, mss~

However events may prove him sorely wrong. Indeed, his policy could completely backfire
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in a new Cold War with China and Russia pitted against the US.

Terrorism collapses core EU strength- makes it inward looking

Keohane, Centre for European Reform senior research fellow, 5
~Daniel, "The EU and counter-terrorism," May 2005, www.cer.org.uk/pdf/wp629_terrorism_counter_keohane.pdf, accessed 7-5-11, mss~

In the aftermath of a major terrorist attack, it is also conceivable that the
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core bene?ts of EU membership, the freedom of movement across the Union.

Strong EU is key to solve extinction

Bruton, former prime minister of Ireland, 2
~John, former ambassador of the EU to the US, European Commission Delegation ambassador, "The Future of the European Union," The Irish Times, 1-31-2002, 195.7.33.33/newspaper/special/2002/europe/index.htm, accessed 6-23-11, mss~

As the Laeken Declaration put it, "Europe needs to shoulder its responsibilities in
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truly human, prevail over blind global forces that will otherwise overwhelm us.

Al-Qaeda affiliates will cause Africa war

Zarate and Sanderson 8/5, Juan, former deputy national security adviser for combating terrorism, Thomas, co-director of the Transnational Threats Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, "Terrorism’s shifting face," August 5^th, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/terrorisms-shifting-face/2013/08/05/e610e486-fde3-11e2-96a8-d3b921c0924a_story.html
The new threat warnings of an al-Qaeda-driven plot in the Middle
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robberies and kidnapping in the Maghreb, Iraq, Southeast and Central Asia.

Boko Haram’s key

Bamidele 12, Oluwaseun Bamidele, Department of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Faith Academy, Canaanland Ota, Nigeria, "BOKO HARAM CATASTROPHIC TERRORISM -AN ALBATROSS TO NATIONAL PEACE, SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA," http://www.jsd-africa.com/Jsda/Vol14No1-Spring2012A/PDF/Boko20Haram20Catastrophic20Terrorism.Oluwaseun20Bamidele.pdf
The catastrophic terrorism unleashed by the Islamic sect popularly known as "Boko Haram,"
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rural livelihoods through the provisions of a wide range of products and services.

Africa war goes global

Glick ’7 - Senior Middle East Fellow – Center for Security Policy (Caroline, "Condi’s African Holiday", 12-12, http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/home.aspx?sid=5626categoryid=5626subcategoryid=9026newsid=11568-http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/home.aspx?sid=5626categoryid=5626subcategoryid=9026newsid=1156829)
The Horn of Africa is a dangerous and strategically vital place. Small wars,
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states of Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and Kenya.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ransom Everglades GP | Judge: Elyse Conklin

1. Interpretation: The affirmative should win if and only if the simulated effects of the plan through fiat are a good idea

---a. ‘Resolved’ means to enact a policy by law
Words and Phrases 1964 (Permanent Edition)
Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”.

---b. And it means the debate should be a legislative forum
AOS ‘4 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces the following: a.  A list, but only after "
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resolved:"Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.

---c. “the United States federal government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by the subject
Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
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compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

Violation – the aff claims advantages off of their performance in this round beyond the resolution, that’s a voting issue

A) Predictable Limits – infinite political articulations exist – we can never be prepared to defend against every variation of a performance of policy, and infinite additions to the resolution jackknife neg prep and kill clash

B) Ground – they can no-link out of neg offense by shifting their advocacy – tying them to solely the resolution is key to effective division of ground and fairness

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kudos College | Judge: Christian Palacios

The Affirmative presumes a stable identity of ’woman’ that is actually fluid and constituted solely through discourse. This subject creation reproduces the conditions for subordination and domination of the feminine.

Butler in 90
Butler. Prof. of Humanities at Johns Hopkins University. 1990  (Judith. Gender Trouble. p.1-2) 

For the most part, feminist theory has assumed that there is some existing identity
AND
for the emancipation of "women" will be clearly self-defeating. 

This turns and outweighs the case – the strict association of individuals as ’being’ one sex, in opposition to another, locks in divisive gendered and sexual binaries

Butler in 90
Butler. Prof. of Humanities at Johns Hopkins University. 1990  (Judith. Gender Trouble. p.5)
For gender to "belong to philosophy" is for Wittig to belong to "
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formulation that presupposes and enforces the restriction of gender within that binary pair.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Travis Henderson
A. The 1AC’s introduction of death impacts into debate is bad. 

1. Trivialization. Death debating causes an aesthetic fascination with the spectacle of death. This turns debate into a death cult and denies the choice to avoid death impacts.
   Baudrillard 93 (Jean Baudrillard, Symbolic Exchange and Death, trans Iain Grant, p. 185-7)
   Pursued and censured everywhere, death springs up everywhere again. No longer as apocalyptic
   AND
   it is clear that only death can put an end to political economy.

2. Body Counts. Death debating reduces peoples’ lives to mere numbers for debaters to consume in their game.
Jean Baudrillard, LMAONAISE, ’93 (Symbolic Exchange and Death trans Iain Grant, 162-3, 173-5, “manpower” is left deliberately in)
2. More importantly, that everyone should have a right to their life (
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it is functionalised as individual and computable consumption in social input and output?

B. Vote neg because the aff introduced death impacts into the debate.
Kutscher 80 (Austin Kutscher, President of the Foundation of Thanatology and Professor – Columbia University, Death and Existence, Foreward)
Within the educational setting, interdisciplinary relationships are altering the perspectives of those who must
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solace on and acts to give love to humankind, collectively and individually.

C. This is a gateway argument about how we should be allowed to debate. If they win that we can use death impacts, then the rest of the 1NC applies. We will not make cross-applications from other flows to prove the link.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Travis Henderson
The 1ac is a pretext for Eurocentric imperialism – the aff’s portrayal of as an area in need of guidance reinforces coloniality and cuts off alternative knowledge production in favor of “development” of the third world
Taylor, 13 (Lucy, Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, “Southside-up: imagining IR through Latin America”, http://millenniumjournal.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/taylor-lucy-southside-up-imagining-ir-through-latin-america.doc, Evan)
Let me return to the issue that I started with – the sense that Latin
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only had colonial relationships back then but also reflects colonial experiences right now.

The terminal impact is extinction – privileging Western control and mastery guarantees environmental destruction, subjugation, militarism, and the worst parts of capitalism – a mindset shift is key
Darder 10 Antonia Distinguished Professor of Education University of Illinois, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis, Preface
The Western ethos of mastery and supremacy over nature has accompanied, to our detriment
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in the making of a truly democratic, just, and peaceful world.

Vote negative to recenter economic geopolitics to the global South – our alternative is a challenge to the dominant narratives of Eurocentrism which opens up a space in politics for counter-hegemonic resistance
Werner 12 (Marion Werner, Department of Geography @ University of Buffalo, PhD in Geography from University of Minnesota, “Contesting power/knowledge in economic geography: Learning from Latin America and the Caribbean”, http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~wernerm/Werner_CEG_Manuscript.pdf, pp. 21-22 Evan)
(Post)industrial activities, and the places that localize these activities in the
AND
re-working centers and peripheries of the discipline and of economic power.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: McDowell KM | Judge: Joseph Buzzelli
Their attempts to displace blame to the state reinforce a flawed methodology that ignores the role of individual agency in creating conflict, making the worst violence inevitable – reject their advocacy in favor of a critical praxis of personal responsibility
Kappeler 95 (Susanne Kappeler, Associate Professor at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Al Akhawayn University, The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior, ISBN 0-8077-6281-4, pp. 10-11 eR)
'We are the war' does not mean that the responsibility for a war is shared
AND
our values' according to the structures and the values of war and violence.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Travis Henderson
The plan is a geopolitical strategy that undercuts critical anti-neoliberal movements in Mexico and Latin America – that destroys global resistance and autonomous methodologies, making alternatives impossible
Harris 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordinating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). “Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization,” http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf, Evan)
The economic, political and social development of the Latin American and Caribbean countries is
AND
model of uneven and inequitable development that has pillaged most of the region. 

The impact is extinction – neoliberalism produces security crises and ecological catastrophes that destroy the foundation of all life on the planet in their pursuit of deregulated profit
Mosaddeq, 2010 (Nafeez, Sussex University IR professor, “Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises”, 7-20, http://yalejournal.org/2010/07/globalizing-insecurity-the-convergence-of-interdependent-ecological-energy-and-economic-crises/)
The logic of ‘growth’ – as currently defined – is driving the depletion of
AND
preventively by re-thinking the efficacy of our current way of life. 

Vote negative to reject their neoliberal strategy and situate yourself within the global south – that’s key to both pedagogical and political resistance
Werner 12 (Marion Werner, Department of Geography @ University of Buffalo, PhD in Geography from University of Minnesota, “Contesting power/knowledge in economic geography: Learning from Latin America and the Caribbean”, http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~wernerm/Werner_CEG_Manuscript.pdf, pp. 21-22, Evan)
(Post)industrial activities, and the places that localize these activities in the
AND
re-working centers and peripheries of the discipline and of economic power.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker KM | Judge: Val McIntosh

The plan props up a neoliberal system of exchange between the US and Mexico founded upon an asymmetric power balance that structures the foundation of neoliberalism in Latin America

de Regil, 2004 (Alvaro, The Jus Semper Global Alliance, "The Neo-Capitalist Assault in Mexico: Democracy vis-à-vis the logic of the market", http://www.jussemper.org/Resources/Economic20Data/Resources/Neo-capAssaultMexico.pdf-http://www.jussemper.org/Resources/Economic Data/Resources/Neo-capAssaultMexico.pdf)
North-South relationships, from the post-war onward, keep the asymmetric
AND
the centres of power of global capital that continues to block Mexico’s development.

This approach makes extinction via environmental degredation and securitized lashout inevitable
Mosaddeq, 2010 (Nafeez, Sussex University IR professor, "Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises", 7-20, http://yalejournal.org/2010/07/globalizing-insecurity-the-convergence-of-interdependent-ecological-energy-and-economic-crises/-http://yalejournal.org/2010/07/globalizing-insecurity-the-convergence-of-interdependent-ecological-energy-and-economic-crises/)
The logic of ’growth’ – as currently defined – is driving the depletion of
AND
preventively by re-thinking the efficacy of our current way of life. 

Vote negative to re-politicize knowledge production away from neoliberalism – this is key to create a transformation away from an unsustainable system

Sheppard 9 (Eric Sheppard, PhD, geographer and Regents Professor of Economic geography at the University of Minnesota, Helga Leitner "Quo vadis neoliberalism? The remaking of global capitalist governance after the Washington Consensus," http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/geog/downloads/7235/496.pdf)
We have argued that the shifting global governance discourses directed toward the third world since
AND
economic and cultural subordination" (Fraser, 1997, p. 28).

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ransom Everglades GP | Judge: Elyse Conklin
The aff’s focus on the transformation into a world without suffering resents the only world we have – this hatred of the status quo destroys capacity for the affirmation of life
Turanli 2003 (Aydan, Prof of Humanities and Soc Sciences @ Istanbul Technical Institute, “Nietzsche and the Later Wittgenstein: An Offense to the Quest for Another World” Journal of Nietzsche Studies 26)
The craving for absolutely general specifications results in doing metaphysics. Unlike Wittgenstein, Nietzsche
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the way out of the fly-bottle" (PI §309).

Their attempts at equality and rights are only further manifestations of their moral drive to make life safe and easy for everyone, while unknowingly killing all that is valuable in humanity.
Nietzsche 80 Fredrich, Professor of Philology at the University of Basel, Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist, Beyond Good and Evil, 1880
What they would like to strive for with all their powers is the universal green
AND
end from all modem ideology and herd desiderata - as their antipodes perhaps?

Their fixation on identifying those who suffer enframes them as victims who can never escape the psychological pain of their suffering – only forgetting the violence of the past allows us to overcome suffering and move forward with our lives.
Alenka Zupancic 2003 (Ph.D, Visiting professor @ EGS grad school, The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two, MIT Press, 2003, VP)
It is true that there is also a rather di?erent notion present in Christianity,
AND
to us, or everything we do, has to be registered somewhere.

The alternative is to embrace the tragedy of the status quo – only by embracing the inevitability of death can we affirm the vibrancy of life
Faulkner 08 (Joanne Faulkner, University of New South Wales, 2008, the Journal of Nietzsche Studies Spring/Autumn)
We could envisage a style of subjectivity responsive to the innocence of becoming in terms
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complex web of interactions through which our agency is bounded and context dependent.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kudos College | Judge: Christian Palacios

The aff’s focus on gender relations becomes an alibi for acquiescence of class struggles – they obscure the logic of capital and ensure the repetition of oppression

Zavarzadeh 94 (Mas’Ud, The Stupidity That Consumption Is Just as Productive as Production": In the Shopping Mall of the Post-al Left," College Literature, Vol. 21, No. 3, The Politics of Teaching Literature 2 (Oct., 1994), pp. 92-114)
Post-al logic is marked above all by its erasure of "production"
AND
divided by two antagonistic classes" (see my Theory and its Other).

This approach to knowledge which privileges subjectivity and uncertainty denies the objectivity in class relations and the oppression that is produced from capital accumulation

Zavarzadeh 94 (Mas’Ud, The Stupidity That Consumption Is Just as Productive as Production": In the Shopping Mall of the Post-al Left," College Literature, Vol. 21, No. 3, The Politics of Teaching Literature 2 (Oct., 1994), pp. 92-114)
The unsurpassable objectivity which is not open to rhetorical interpretation and constitutes the decided foundation
AND
citizen from the revolutionary cell to the ludic shopping mall of ~France~.

Their articulation of gender as the starting point of their movement not only fails to challenge the underlying system, but actively derails anti-capitalist struggles

Herod 7 (James, "Getting Free" http://jamesherod.info/?sec=book26id=1-http://jamesherod.info/?sec=book26id=1 Donnie)
The so-called new social movements, based on gender, racial, sexual
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corporate agenda. So mainstream identity politics has not threatened capitalism at all. 

This makes every facet of oppression inevitable – we can’t challenge other forms of domination without challenging class first

Kovel 02 (Joel, Alger Hiss Professor of Social Studies at Bard College, awarded Fellowship at the John Guggenheim Foundation, The Enemy of Nature, pages 123-124)
If, however, we ask the question of efficacy, that is, which
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force of one person for the enrichment of another cannot be conjured away. 

And, it causes extinction through overpopulation and global warming

Barry 8 (Dr. Glen, Ph.D. in "Land Resources" from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, a Masters of Science in "Conservation Biology and Sustainable Development" also from Madison, and a Bachelor of Arts in "Political Science" from Marquette University Economic Collapse  And Global Ecology , http://www.countercurrents.org/barry140108.htm -http://www.countercurrents.org/barry140108.htm  jb)
Humanity and the Earth are faced with an enormous conundrum — sufficient climate policies enjoy
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or our total collapse can be a final, fatal death swoon.

And, we control the root cause of the entire maquiladoras crisis – it’s an outgrowth of American capitalist society where we turn to exploitation as the most efficient way to extract surplus value from the workers

Vogel 04 (Richard D. Vogel, retired professor and political reporter who monitors the effects of neoliberal globalization on working people and their communities, Stolen Birthright: The U.S. Conquest and Exploitation of the Mexican People, Part 6, "Hecho en México: Maquiladoras," http://www.houstonculture.org/hispanic/conquest6.html-http://www.houstonculture.org/hispanic/conquest6.html, Evan)
Capitalism relentlessly seeks the cheapest labor it can find in order to maximize its profits
AND
of Mexico that rivals the one at the mouth of the Mississippi River.

Our alternative and role of the ballot is to Vote Negative to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC.

Historical Method comes first – this debate is not about what the aff does but rather was the aff formulated with accurate knowledge on history – we must ground our debates in accurate historical methods that only Marxism can account for – their method prevents a transition to a society beyond oppression

Tumino 1 (Stephen, Prof. English @ Pitt, "What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever", Red Critique)
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
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determinism of corporate theory ("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lakeland AT | Judge: Josh Thorn
The aff’s representations of war as a singular event and “peace” in terms of international non-aggression and lack of armed conflict creates a purely negative conception of peace that, white washes and makes us complacent in militarism and everyday violence such as sexual abuse and poverty. That makes all their impacts inevitable.
Chris Cuomo, Ph.D University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Philosophy University of  Cincinnati,  Hypatia Fall 1996, Vol.11, Iss. 4; pg. 30-32, JSTOR, Jacob
Although my position is in basic agreement with the notion that war and militarism¶
AND
the face of what appears to be the inevitability of war and militarism.¶ 

Structural violence outweighs the case. 100  probability, more invisible, and it outweighs and control the proximate cause of all violence.  
Gilligan 96 James, professor of Psychiatry at the Harvard Medical School, Director of the Center for the Study of Violence, and a member of the Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence, Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes, p 191-196
The deadliest form of violence is poverty. You cannot work for one day with
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for they are inextricably related to each other, as cause to effect.

Alternative: reject the 1ac representations of war. We must confront militarism in all its forms; this is a more effective political strategy that allows us to confront everyday violence.  
Chris J. Cuomo, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cincinnati, 1996 (“War Is Not Just an Event: Reflections on the Significance of Everyday Violence,” Hypatia, Volume 11, Number 4, Fall, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via JSTOR, p. 42-43)
Emphasizing the ways in which war is a presence, a constant undertone, white
AND
worsening social conditions are the most common forms of large-scale violence.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Walter Payton MY | Judge: Jeff Buntin
Hegemony is founded upon a fantasy of control that must endlessly strike any potential threat- this aggressive stance turns perceived foes into real ones and makes war and overstretch inevitable
Chernus 6 (Ira, Professor of Religious Studies and Co-director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program at the University of Colorado-Boulder, “Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin” Rufus)
The end of the cold war spawned a tempting fantasy of imperial omnipotence on a
AND
, the more likely it is to believe and enact the neocon story. 

Apocalyptic framings of the environment enable authoritarianism in a pursuit for a “total solution” that results in mindless violence rather than actual solutions or real activism
Buell 3 (Frederick, Professor of English @ Cornell, “From Apocalypse to Way of Life” pg 200-202)
Elaborating crisis is thus not only hard to do but can also perhaps never really
AND
give up, or even cut off ties to clearly terminal “nature.” 

Their representation of china is inherently flawed- predictions of war leave no option but to prepare for it
Pan 4 (Chengxin ,Lecturer in International Relations and School Honours Coordinator, Peking University and Australian National University, PhD in Political Science and International Relations, visiting scholar at the University of Melbourne, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, member of the International Studies Association, Chinese Studies Association of Australia, editoral board of Series in International Relations Classics, The “China Threat” in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics” Rufus)
I have argued above that the "China threat" argument in mainstream U.
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, and less dangerous ways of interpreting and debating China might become possible.

Multilateralism allows violent exercise of American imperialism and prevents questioning domination.
Shaikh 7 — Nermeen Shaikh, @ Asia Source Development 50, “Interrogating Charity and the Benevolence of Empire,” palgrave-journals
And where, again, does this power for benevolent goodwill reside? In the
AND
the possibility of justice in the realm of collateral damage can be born?

Security discourse creates a false reality that must be achieved my extermination of a threatening “Other”, which transcends any sort of normal war
Friis 2k (Karsten, UN Sector at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, “From Liminars to Others: Securitization Through Myths,”)
The problem with societal securitization is one of representation. It is rarely clear in
AND
on behalf of the natural and eternal, where truth is never questioned. 

Alternative – Reject the affirmative’s security logic – only resistance to the discourse of security can generate genuine political thought
Neocleous 8 (Mark, Prof. of Government @ Brunel, “Critique of Security”, 185-6 Rufus)
The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is
AND

it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift."'

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Highland Park HS | Judge: Jordon Newton

The 1AC depicts the world in terms of immutable interactions between monolithic states – this misses the complexity of local dynamics that constitute geopolitics – voting aff guarantees serial policy failure

Srnicek 7 (Nick, Doctoral Candidate in IR @ the London School of Economics, "Assemblage Theory, Complexity and Contentious Politics The Political Ontology of Gilles Deleuze" http://lse.academia.edu/documents/0011/3585/Srnicek)
Our modern political world is dominated by discussions of terrorism, by fears of nuclear
AND
and dynamic ontology, shorn of its traditional prioritizing of Being over Becoming. 

And, their misrecognition of climate change as singular and monocausal makes solvency impossible – recognizing it as a set of ontologically distinct events is key

Hargens 10 (Sean Esbjörn-Hargens, Ph.D., Professor and founding Chair of the Integral Theory Program at John F. Kennedy University, "’AN ONTOLOGY OF CLIMATE CHANGE: Integral Pluralism and the Enactment of Multiple Objects," Journal of Integral Theory and Practice, 5(1), pp. 143–174, Evan)
So what is the ontological status of climate change (CC)? Is it real
AND
ways to generate an object that goes under the signifier of CC.6

Extinction

Yudkowsky 6 (Eliezer Yudkowsky, Research Fellow @ the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 2006, "Cognitive biases potentially affecting judgment of global risks," http://singinst.org/upload/cognitive-biases.pdf)
Why should there be an organized body of thinking about existential risks? Falling asteroids
AND
feel our future. All I can do is try to defend it. 

Vote negative to reject the aff’s oversimplified pedagogy in favor of Actor Network Tracing – refuse to accept reductionist macro-narratives and force the 1AC to map out the micro-conduits

Srnicek 10 (Nick, Doctoral Candidate in IR @ the London School of Economics, "Conflict Networks: Collapsing the Global into the Local," Journal of Critical Globalization Studies 2, http://criticalglobalisation.com/Issue2/30_64_CONFLICT_NETWORKS_JCGS2.pdf)
From these three conceptions of the world, it follows that to analyze a given
AND
conduits, and not through some abstract ’social structure’ or ’social force’

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Des Moines Roosevelt PW | Judge: Mitchell Caminer
Their discourse surrounding water wars promotes an anthropocentric view that commodifies water – only that makes water wars possible
Thomas Lawfield, MA candidate at the University for Peace, May 03, 2010, “Water Security: War or Peace?” , University for Peace, http://www.monitor.upeace.org/innerpg.cfm?id_article=715//jacob
This is not just the agenda of securing an essential commodity but part of a
AND
that is perceived to be worth engaging in conflict to secure and control.

That  legitimizes destruction of nature by framing humans as the orderers of the natural world
Katz, 00 (Eric Katz, associate professor of philosophy and director of the Science, Technology, and Society Program, New Jersey Institute of Technology; recognized pioneer, environmental ethics, 2K, Nature as Subject: Human Obligation and Natural Community)
Even more important, the question arises whether or not Nature can heal these wounds
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Human science and technology will fix, repair, and improve natural processes. 

Outweighs nuclear war
Zimmerman 94 (Michael Zimmerman, Prof of Philosophy @ Tulane, 1994, Contesting Earth’s Future)
Heidegger apparently thought along the lines: it is possible that after a nuclear war
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for in killing wild nature, people would be as good as dead.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Preston Stolte

Suicide stories – like their "opting out", "dying on their own terms", "taking their own lives" – are directly correlated with an increase in suicides in the community

Gould 3 (MADELYN. Media Contagion and Suicide Among the Young Published AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST, Vol. 46 No. 9, May 2003 (is a professor of psychiatry and public health (epidemiology) at Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and a research scientist at theNew York State Psychiatric Institute. Her grants include projects to examine risk factors for teenage suicide, cluster suicides, the impact of the media on suicide, the effect of suicide on fellow students, and the utility of telephone crisis services for teenagers. She participated in the 1978 President’s Commission on Mental Health and the Secretary of Health and Human Services’ Task Force on Youth Suicide (1989). She was an expert reviewer in 1998 for the National Suicide Prevention Conference on Advancing the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention, authored the chapter on youth suicide prevention, as part of the Surgeon General’s 1999 National Suicide Prevention Strategy, and has served as a leadership consultant for the Surgeon General’s Leadership Working Group for a National Suicide Prevention Strategy. She received the Shneidman Award for Research from the American Association of Suicidology (AAS) in 1991, http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/bioethics/nyspi/material/MediaContagionAndSuicide.pdf)
Since 1990, the effect of media coverage on suicide rates has been documented in
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been reported to be greatest for teenagers (Phillips 26 Carstensen, 1986).

This is a prior issue – they should lose the debate to discourage people from running these arguments. You have a responsibility as an educator.

Zenere 9 (Frank J., the school psychologist for the Miami–Dade County Public School’s Student Services Crisis Team. He is a past Chair of the National Association of School Psychologists National Emergency Assistance Team "Suicide Clusters and Contagion" Student Services (Student Services is produced in collaboration withthe National Association of School Psychologists (NASP).)
Youth suicide is one of the most serious preventable health problems in the United States
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contagious behavior that schools have the opportunity—and responsibility—to prevent.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 5 | Opponent: New Trier LD | Judge: N Miller
“Economic” engagement is limited to trade and financial transactions --- including more explodes the topic to broad diplomatic, military, and cultural arenas --- our interpretation is the best middle ground because it still lets the Aff choose a number of positive sanctions and objectives, but locks in economic means as a site of Negative ground--- voting Issue
Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
Scholars have limited the concept of engagement in a third way by unnecessarily restricting the
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be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Dowling | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles West AB | Judge: Lincoln Garrett
Economic engagement means the plan must engage directly with the government
Kahler and Kastner 06 (Miles, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at University of California, San Diego, and Scott, Department of Government and Politics at University of Maryland, “STRATEGIC USES OF ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE: ENGAGEMENT POLICIES IN SOUTH KOREA, SINGAPORE, AND TAIWAN”, Journal of Peace Research, Sage)
Economic engagement – a policy of deliberately expanding economic ties with an adversary in order
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research on this interesting and important feature of security policy and international politics.

Violation – the plan doesn’t go straight to Mexico – they economically engage through an intermediary

Vote negative for predictable limits and ground – there are infinite private sector mechanisms to engage through, and they destroy core negative ground based off of government spending and intervention

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Shawnee Mission East RT | Judge: Travis Henderson
Interpretation – economic engagement has to establish long-term contacts – anything else is one-shot and appeasement
Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ENGAGEMENT AND APPEASEMENT In contrast to many prevailing conceptions of engagement, the
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or in exchange for certain concessions on the part of the target state.

Violation – the plan passes an act which is a one-time appeasement aff — it doesn’t establish long-term economic contacts

Vote negative for predictable limits and ground – thousands of one-time affs explode the neg research burden and make it impossible to be neg, and rob the negative of core arguments based on long-term engagement

Tournament: Dowling | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles West AB | Judge: Lincoln Garrett

1. Interpretation – “Mexico” means the United Mexican States
   Treasury 12 – United States Department of the Treasury, “Agreement Between the Department of the Treasury of the United States of America and the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit of the United Mexican States to Improve International Tax Compliance Including with Respect to FATCA”, 11-19, http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/treaties/Documents/FATCA-Agreement-Mexico-11-19-2012.pdf
   Article 1 Definitions 1. For purposes of this Agreement and any annexes thereto (“
   AND
   . d) The term “Mexico” means the United Mexican States.

2. Violation – NADBank’s jurisdiction includes area outside of Mexico
NADBank, 12 (official website of the North American Development Bank, “Scope,” http://www.nadbank.org/about/eligibility.asp, Evan)
Geographic Jurisdiction: NADB is authorized to serve communities in the U.S.-
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transboundary environmental or health problem, as determined by the Board of Directors.

3. Vote negative – 

Limits – tons of other things than Mexico that can be invested in – country is the only check on things we can prep for

Ground – we don’t prep for affs that economically engage in the US – core generics like politics and neolib don’t apply and mean we can’t get ground

Jurisdiction – extra topicality proves the resolution is insufficient – vote neg on presumption

Tournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Preston Stolte
====Economic engagement includes export credits, investment insurance or promotion, access to tech, loans, economic aid, or the removal of penalties – the aff is cultural engagement – it’s distinct ====
Haass Director of Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, and O’Sullivan, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, 2000 (Richard and Meghan, "Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies," http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf-http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer haass/2000survival.pdf  Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)
Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of¶ incentives. Economic
AND
just some of the possible incentives used in the form of¶ engagement.

Topic education – its key to prevent the Washington Consensus 2.0

Pereira ’07 (Ana Margheritis- assistant professor of international relations and Latin American politics at the University of Florida and Anthony- associate professor of political science at Tulane University; "The Neoliberal Turn in Latin America: The Cycle of Ideas and the Search for an Alternative"; Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 34, No. 3, Contested Transformation (May, 2007),pp. 25-48)
This analysis is offered from a critical point of view in the hope that it
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also important—but that the mechanisms for their promulgation have been understudied.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lakeland AT | Judge: Josh Thorn
“Economic” engagement is narrowly limited to trade --- the aff engages non-economically
Rose 8 – Andrew K. Rose, Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, and Mark M. Spiegel, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, “Non-Economic Engagement and International Exchange: The Case of Environmental Treaties”, http://halleinstitute.emory.edu/pdfs/PIEF_Rose_Spiegel.pdf

1. Introduction Countries, like people, interact with each other on a number
   AND
   relations. The answer, in both theory and practice, is positive.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 3 | Opponent: GBS CM | Judge: John Lawson
Economic engagement is a subset of conditional engagement and implies a tit-for-tat exchange
Shinn 96 James Shinn, C.V. Starr Senior Fellow for Asia at the CFR in New York City and director of the council’s multi-year Asia Project, worked on economic affairs in the East Asia Bureau of the US Dept of State, “Weaving the Net: Conditional Engagement with China,” pp. 9 and 11, google books
In sum, conditional engagement consists of a set of objectives, a strategy for
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105, no. 3 (1990), pp. 383-88).

Vote negative

a) Predictable Limits – the embargo means there’s a near-infinite range of “one exception” affs – conditionality forces the aff to find deals that Cuba would accept

b) Ground – unconditional engagement denies us “say no” and backlash arguments which are a crucial part of the engagement debate