Tournament: GFCA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooch DN | Judge: Whit Whitmore
same as Ohio Valley

Tournament: GFCA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hooch DN | Judge: Whit Whitmore
same as Ohio Valley

Tournament: Alpharetta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek DH | Judge: Andrew Lockwood
Plan
Plan: The Department of Energy should substantially increase technical cooperation and investment in Small Modular Reactors with Mexico
Advantage 1: Droughts
Massive inevitable droughts in Mexico trigger nuclear water wars and famine – only U.S. led nuclear investment solves
Rush, 6-14 ¶ Cynthia R., Ibero-American specialist “Mexico's Drought Demands 'NAWAPA-Plus' Infrastructure Projects”, http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/88393632/mexicos-drought-demands-nawapa-plus-infrastructure-projects
Herrera, president of Conago's Water Commission, warned that the three-year-long drought is the longest-lasting in 100 years and has created a life-or-death crisis which threatens to exterminate, 

Mexican water wars are on the brink
Barry 13 Tom, senior policy analyst and director of CIP's TransBorder Project, cofounded the International Relations Center (IRC) in 1979, author specializing in Latin-American Relations and the Mexican-U.S. Border, “The Coming Water Wars in Mexico,” 4/14, http://newmexicomercury.com/blog/comments/the_coming_water_wars_in_mexico#sthash.37Ascd6q.dpuf, C.Z.
The most tragic and ominous was the Oct. 21 assassination of a leader of the small farmers’ organization El Barzón and his wife. They had been organizing against the illegal and unsustainable pumping of groundwater by a Canadian mining company and new 

Famine causes world war III
Calvin 2  William H., Professor of Biology – University of Washington, “A Brain for All Season”, http://WilliamCalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/ NAcoast.htm
The population-crash scenario is surely the most appalling.  Plummeting crop yields will cause some powerful countries to try to take over their neighbors or distant lands – if only because their armies, unpaid 

Mexico’s food trade key to U.S. agriculture and global agriculture
Zahniser 13 Steven, Agricultural economist for the USDA, “Mexico Trade and FDIMexico Trade and FDI,” 5/15, USDA Economic Research Center, http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-trade/countries-regions/nafta,-canada-mexico/mexico-trade-fdi.aspx#.UdS47_mfgR6
Mexico is a major participant in international agricultural trade. In the broad category of agri-food products (Chapters 1-24 in the Harmonized System), Mexico's total exports (to all countries) approached $22.5 billion in 2012. Corresponding 

The collapse of U.S. agricultural trade turns every impact and makes extinction inevitable
Lugar, 4 ¶ Richard, U.S. Senator (Indiana), “Plant Power” Our Planet v. 14 n. 3, http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html
In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning nuclear threats and other crises, it is easy to lose sight of the long-range challenges. But we do so at our peril. One of the 

High food prices and loss of US trade causes global wars and extinction – your defense doesn’t assume future trends
Klare 12 “Michael Klare is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College… and the author, most recently, of The Race for What’s Left” August 7 2012 “The Hunger Wars in Our Future” http://www.thenation.com/article/169256/hunger-wars-our-future#
This, however, is just the beginning of the likely consequences: if history is any guide, rising food prices of this sort will also lead to widespread social unrest and violent conflict. Food—affordable 

Advantage 2: Nuclear Leadership

Scenario 1: The U.S.

US SMR leadership prevents prolif but rising competitors ensure U.S. policies are undermined
Kurth 8-1-13 Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
The export of SMRs also has issues regarding nonproliferation. When discussing nuclear ¶ reactors, nonproliferation is of the utmost concern for national security implications. The issue is ¶ centered on whether or not a domestic SMR industry with a focus on exports can positively affect ¶ 

Laguna Verde plant is likely to have an accident
Nauman 5-10-13, (Telli Nauman is a reporter  for Center For International Policy America, a non-profit public policy research and advocacy think tank with offices inWashington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as "promoting a U.S. foreign policy based on international cooperation, demilitarization and respect for human rights.") Mexico’s aging Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant a Fiasco http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498
The case of the failure of Mexico’s Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant, nestled on the jagged Veracruz seacoast, reveals the need to nix nukes and fortify public right-to-know mechanisms. With Latin American countries still turned off to nuclear power two years after 

Extinction
Lendman ‘11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan” 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)
For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming. In her 1978 book, "Nuclear Madness," she said: "As a physician, I contend that nuclear technology threatens life on our planet with extinction. If present trends continue, the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water 

The U.S. has conduits to provide technical nuclear cooperation over reactors to Mexico
Parker 07’ (Mary Ann Parker, member of Scientists Without Borders, worldwide community of change makers collaborating to accelerate and share solutions to the world's most urgent development, international scientific research and cooperation group, November 2007, https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf, DPatterson)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) oversees the primary multilateral methods for helping the nonnuclear countries use these technologies through its Technical Cooperation Programme. One way the U.S. provides technical cooperation is 

Current international market guarantees proliferation – US is key to stop
Albright et al. 7/29 (David Albright, founder of the non-governmental Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), its current president, and author of several books on proliferation of atomic weapons. Albright holds a Master of Science in physics from Indiana University and a M.Sc. inmathematics from Wright State University. He has taught physics at George Mason University in Virginia.  Andrea Stricker, Senior Policy Analyst at Institute for Science and International Security, MA in Security Policy Studies from the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and a BA in Political Science and French, certificate in Middle Eastern Studies, from the University of Arizona, Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Virginia. He earned his B.A. and M.S. degrees in mathematics from Mississippi State University, and his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of Virginia, He was Visiting Scientist at Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Saclay, France in 1996 and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN in 2004. From July – December 2007, he was Visiting Research Scholar at Princeton University in the Woodrow Wilson School and the Program on Science and Global Security, Institute for Science and International Security, 7/29/13, http://www.nps.edu/Academics/Centers/CCC/PASCC/Publications/2013/Full20Report_DTRA-PASCC_29July2013-FINAL.pdf)
As a short term projection over the next five to ten years, several additional states in dangerous regions of the world, along with terrorist organizations, may seek nuclear weapons. Certain countries 

Extinction – new proliferators are uniquely unstable – deterrence won’t save us
Kroenig 12 (Matthew Kroenig, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, June 4, 2012, “The history of proliferation optimism: does it have a future?” http://npolicy.org/article_file/The_History_of_Proliferation_Optimism.pdf)
Nuclear War. The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear war. The more states in possession of nuclear weapons, the greater the probability that somewhere, someday, there will 

Any WMD terrorist attack results in nuclear great power war
Ayson 10,  Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—are not necessarily separable. It is just possible that some sort of terrorist attack, and 

DOE investment with Mexico is key for market influence and commercialization
Kurth 8-1-13 Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Extensive domestic deployment and international deployment will occur if the second phase of the SMR commercialization is to be enormously successful. The second phase will have differing factors 

SMRs are breakthroughs in safety and prolif resistant technology
Kurth 8-1-13 Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Small modular reactors have several key technical features that enable them entrance to new market space currently more difficult for larger nuclear reactor placement. They also contain key 

Scenario 2: South America

Mexico nuclear energy spills over to the rest of South America
Alcañiz ’10 (Isabella, Assistant Professor at the Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland, published in World Politics, the British Journal of Political Science (BJPS), the Latin American Research Review (LARR), and Latin American Perspectives (LAP), Licenciatura degree in International Relations from the Universidad de Belgrano PhD in Political Science from Northwestern University, Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Houston from 2005 to 2010, Visiting Professor at the University of Pennsylvania (The Wharton School and the Department of Political Science), “Bureaucratic Networks and Government Spending: A Network Analysis of Nuclear Cooperation in Latin America” volume 45 number 1 pgs. 148-172, http://www.uh.edu/class/political-science/news/45.1.alcaniz.pdf)
The ARCAL group was first organized in 1984, just two years after the 1982 foreign debt crisis and at the beginning of the wave of democratization that was to sweep Latin America throughout the decade. After 1984, the remaining Latin American countries, 

Rapid commercialization is key for South American exports
Ferguson 10  (Dr. Charles D. Ferguson is the President of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS). He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and an Adjunct Lecturer in the National Security Studies Program at the Johns Hopkins University. He graduated with distinction from the United States Naval Academy and served in the U.S. nuclear Navy, receiving training as a nuclear engineer at the Naval Nuclear Power School. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from Boston University.) 5/19/20, (http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing20.pdf)
The opening of the international nuclear market to India may lead to further spread of PHWR technologies to more states. For example, last year, the Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Ltd. (NPCIL) expressed interest in selling PHWRs to Malaysia.4 NPCIL is the only global manufacturer of 220 MWe PHWRs. New Delhi favors 

US nuclear exports to South America is key to prevent instability and influence
Dobransky, 11, Steve Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
Finally, the U.S. can just go all-out and compete with the Russians and others in the nuclear energy field throughout Latin America and the rest of the world. The U.S. can use all of its powers, influences, and 

US leadership in South America is necessary to make international institutions effective and contain escalatory instability
Sabatini and Berger ‘12, (Christopher Sabatini: editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas), and Ryan Berger, (Ryan Berger: policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas,) 6/13/2012, Why the U.S. can't afford to ignore Latin America, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/
Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called Latin America “a region on the move,” one that is “more important to the prosperity and security of the United States than ever before.” Somebody forgot to 

Effective international institutions are key to solve multiple existential risks
Masciulli 11—Professor of Political Science @ St Thomas University Joseph Masciulli, “The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies,” Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5
What is most to be feared is enhanced global disorder resulting from the combination of weak global regulations; the unforeseen destructive consequences of converging technologies and economic 

Regional instability causes nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring 05 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson (Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf)
President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous long-term security challenge facing the global community today. The argument in general is that 

Independently nuclear leadership solves every major impact
Stanley 7 (Elizabeth Stanley, Ph.D. in Government – Harvard University, Assistant Professor – Georgetown University, Member – National Security Advisement Board of Sandia National Laboratories, “International Perceptions of U.S. Nuclear Policy” http://www.prod.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/2007/070903.pdf)
Perceptual relationships, however, are another matter. The third implication of this research is that nuclear policy matters immensely for the United States’ international reputation. Such reputation effects can have

Tournament: Alpharetta | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chattahoochee M something | Judge: Kirk Gibson
Same as 1ac rd 2

Tournament: Calhoun | Round: 1 | Opponent: MBA DC | Judge: Bill Batterman
Droughts
Advantage 1 is: Droughts

Massive inevitable droughts in Mexico trigger nuclear water wars and famine – only U.S. led nuclear investment solves
Rush, 6-14 ¶ Cynthia R., columnist for Executive Intelligence Review, “Mexicoand#39;s Drought Demands and#39;NAWAPA-Plusand#39; Infrastructure Projects”, 13, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2013/4024mex_nawapa_plus.html
Herrera, president of Conagoand#39;s Water Commission, warned that the three-year-long drought is the longest-lasting in 100 years and has created a life-or-death crisis which threatens to exterminate, 

Mexican water wars are likely – brink is now
Barry 13
Tom, senior policy analyst and director of CIPand#39;s TransBorder Project, cofounded the International Relations Center (IRC) in 1979, author specializing in Latin-American Relations and the Mexican-U.S. Border, “The Coming Water Wars in Mexico,” 4/14, http://newmexicomercury.com/blog/comments/the_coming_water_wars_in_mexico#sthash.37Ascd6q.dpuf, C.Z.
The most tragic and ominous was the Oct. 21 assassination of a leader of the small farmers’ organization El Barzón and his wife. They had been organizing against the illegal and unsustainable pumping of groundwater by a Canadian mining company and new 

Famine causes world war III
Calvin 2  William H., Professor of Biology – University of Washington, “A Brain for All Season”, http://WilliamCalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/ NAcoast.htm
The population-crash scenario is surely the most appalling.  Plummeting crop yields will cause some powerful countries to try to take over their neighbors or distant lands – if only because their armies, unpaid 

Mexico’s food trade key to U.S. agriculture
Zahniser 13 Steven, Agricultural economist for the USDA, “Mexico Trade and FDIMexico Trade and FDI,” 5/15, USDA Economic Research Center, http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-trade/countries-regions/nafta,-canada-mexico/mexico-trade-fdi.aspx#.UdS47_mfgR6
Mexico is a major participant in international agricultural trade. In the broad category of agri-food products (Chapters 1-24 in the Harmonized System), Mexicoand#39;s total exports (to all countries) approached $22.5 billion in 2012. Corresponding 

The collapse of U.S. agricultural trade turns every impact and makes extinction inevitable
Lugar, 4 ¶ Richard, U.S. Senator (Indiana), “Plant Power” Our Planet v. 14 n. 3, http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html
In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning nuclear threats and other crises, it is easy to lose sight of the long-range challenges. But we do so at our peril. One of the
Nuclear Leadership

Advantage 2 is: Nuclear Leadership

Scenario 1 is: the US

U.S. Nuclear leadership and influence on nuclear policies is declining
Wallace, et al 6/14 (By Michael Wallace, George David Banks, The CSIS Commission on Nuclear Energy Policy in the United States Contributor: John Kotek, Paul Nadeau, and Thomas Hundertmark The CSIS Commission on Nuclear Energy in the United States is made up of senior public and private sector officials from across the political spectrum who agree that nuclear energy is an important part of this country’s energy mix and that the United States is losing ground as other countries proceed with planned expansions of their nuclear sectors.
JUN 14, 2013Restoring U.S. Leadership in Nuclear Energy A National Security Imperative http://csis.org/publication/restoring-us-leadership-nuclear-energy)
The decline of the U.S. nuclear energy industry could be much more rapid than policymakers and  stakeholders anticipate. With 102 operating reactors and the world’s largest base of installed ¶ nuclear capacity, it has been
Mexico has abandoned nuclear power
Lerner 12 Michael S. 5/14/12(In Latin America, Nuclear Power on shaky ground), http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2012/05/14/latin-america-nuclear-power-shaky-ground ¶ The World Policy Institute is a non-partisan policy institute which claims to develop policies that require a progressive ideology. WPI focuses on cooperative policies in order to achieve: an inclusive and sustainable global market economy, engaged global civic participation and effective governance, and collaborative approaches to national and global security
In February 2010, a massive earthquake struck Chile, shifting the Earthand#39;s distribution of mass and fractionally shortening the length of a day. This 8.8-magnitude mega-earthquake occurred right off the coast of central Chile and, along with the tsunami it created, caused enormous destruction. Over 500 people died and over 1.5 million people were initially displaced, leaving
Laguna Verde plant is likely to have an accident
Nauman 5-10-13, (Telli Nauman is a reporter  for Center For International Policy America, a non-profit public policy research and advocacy think tank with offices inWashington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as and#34;promoting a U.S. foreign policy based on international cooperation, demilitarization and respect for human rights.and#34 Mexico’s aging Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant a Fiasco http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498
The case of the failure of Mexico’s Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant, nestled on the jagged Veracruz seacoast, reveals the need to nix nukes and fortify public right-to-know mechanisms. With Latin American countries still turned off to nuclear power two years after 

Extinction
Lendman ‘11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan” 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)
For years, Helen Caldicott warned itand#39;s coming. In her 1978 book, and#34;Nuclear Madness,and#34; she said: and#34;As a physician, I contend that nuclear technology threatens life on our planet with extinction. If present trends continue, the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water 

Proliferation breakouts are set to occur now, every region will be a hotspot – US is key to stop
Albright et al. 7/29 (David Albright, founder of the non-governmental Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), its current president, and author of several books on proliferation of atomic weapons. Albright holds a Master of Science in physics from Indiana University and a M.Sc. inmathematics from Wright State University. He has taught physics at George Mason University in Virginia.  Andrea Stricker, Senior Policy Analyst at Institute for Science and International Security, MA in Security Policy Studies from the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and a BA in Political Science and French, certificate in Middle Eastern Studies, from the University of Arizona, Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Virginia. He earned his B.A. and M.S. degrees in mathematics from Mississippi State University, and his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of Virginia, He was Visiting Scientist at Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Saclay, France in 1996 and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN in 2004. From July – December 2007, he was Visiting Research Scholar at Princeton University in the Woodrow Wilson School and the Program on Science and Global Security, Institute for Science and International Security, 7/29/13, http://www.nps.edu/Academics/Centers/CCC/PASCC/Publications/2013/Full20Report_DTRA-PASCC_29July2013-FINAL.pdf)
As a short term projection over the next five to ten years, several additional states in dangerous regions of the world, along with terrorist organizations, may seek nuclear weapons. Certain countries 

Extinction – new proliferators are uniquely unstable – deterrence won’t save us
Kroenig 12 (Matthew Kroenig, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, June 4, 2012, “The history of proliferation optimism: does it have a future?” http://npolicy.org/article_file/The_History_of_Proliferation_Optimism.pdf)
Nuclear War. The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear war. The more states in possession of nuclear weapons, the greater the probability that somewhere, someday, there will 

Scenario 2 is: Latin America

Mexico nuclear energy spills over to Latin America
Alcañiz ’10 (Isabella, Assistant Professor at the Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland, published in World Politics, the British Journal of Political Science (BJPS), the Latin American Research Review (LARR), and Latin American Perspectives (LAP), Licenciatura degree in International Relations from the Universidad de Belgrano PhD in Political Science from Northwestern University, Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Houston from 2005 to 2010, Visiting Professor at the University of Pennsylvania (The Wharton School and the Department of Political Science), “Bureaucratic Networks and Government Spending: A Network Analysis of Nuclear Cooperation in Latin America” volume 45 number 1 pgs. 148-172, http://www.uh.edu/class/political-science/news/45.1.alcaniz.pdf)
The ARCAL group was first organized in 1984, just two years after the 1982 foreign debt crisis and at the beginning of the wave of democratization that was to sweep Latin America throughout the decade. After 1984, the remaining Latin American countries,
That’s key to displace foreign exports – rapid commercialization key
Ferguson 10 Charles D.  Ferguson: President, Federation of American Scientists, 5/19/20, http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing20.pdf
The United States and several other countries have considerable experience in building and operating small and medium power reactors. The U.S. Navy, for example, has used small power reactors since the 1950s to provide 

US nuclear energy market control of Latin American key to prevent Latin America instability
Dobransky, 11, Steve  Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
Finally, the U.S. can just go all-out and compete with the Russians and others in the nuclear energy field throughout Latin America and the rest of the world. The U.S. can use all of its powers, influences, and 

US leadership in Latin America necessary to make international institutions effective and contain escalatory instability
Sabatini and Berger ‘12, (Christopher Sabatini: editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas), and Ryan Berger, (Ryan Berger: policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas,) 6/13/2012, Why the U.S. canand#39;t afford to ignore Latin America, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/
Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called Latin America “a region on the move,” one that is “more important to the prosperity and security of the United States than ever before.” Somebody forgot to 

Effective international institutions are key to solve multiple existential risks
Masciulli 11—Professor of Political Science @ St Thomas University Joseph Masciulli, “The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies,” Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5
What is most to be feared is enhanced global disorder resulting from the combination of weak global regulations; the unforeseen destructive consequences of converging technologies and economic 

Regional Instability causes nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring 05 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson
(Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf)
President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous long-term security challenge facing the global community today. The argument in general is that 

?
Plan: The Department of Energy should substantially increase technical cooperation and investment in Small Modular Reactors with Mexico

Solvency

Now Solvency

DOE investment is critical to Mexico cooperation on SMRS, solves all the downsides to nuclear energy, provides influence and market leadership, and stops global prolif
Kurth 8-1-13 Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Small modular reactors have several key technical features that enable them entrance to new market space currently more difficult for larger nuclear reactor placement. They also contain key technical 

The U.S. has conduits to provide technical nuclear cooperation and expertise to Mexico
Parker 07’ (Mary Ann Parker, member of Scientists Without Borders, worldwide community of changemakers collaborating to accelerate and share solutions to the worldand#39;s most urgent development, international scientific research and cooperation group, November 2007, https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf, DPatterson)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) oversees the primary multilateral methods for helping the nonnuclear countries use these technologies through its Technical Cooperation Programme. One way the U.S. provides technical cooperation is 

Mexican wants nuclear energy - multiple warrants
World Nuclear Association 12 (The World Nuclear Association is the international organization that promotes nuclear energy and supports the many companies that comprise the global nuclear industry. WNA represents the industry in key world forums that shape the nuclear industryand#39;s regulatory and policy environment, including the UN, IAEA, NEA, ICRP and Ospar; Nuclear Power in Mexico; November 2012; http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Mexico/#.UdLyKPmPOSo; DB)
High-level government support exists for an expansion of nuclear energy, primarily to reduce dependence on natural gas, but also to cut carbon emissions - until 2011 the countryand#39;s energy policy called for increasing

Tournament: Calhoun | Round: 4 | Opponent: Woodward PB | Judge: Jordana Sternberg
same as Calhoun rd 1 1ac

Tournament: Calhoun | Round: Semis | Opponent: Marist BP | Judge: Bill Batterman, Maggie Berthiaume, Jordana Sternberg
same as calhoun 1ac rd 1

Tournament: Carrolton | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marist AM | Judge: Scott Phillips
Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase technical cooperation and investment in Small Modular Reactors with Mexico

Advantage 1: International Institutions

Mexico is key for U.S. nuclear development and influence
Dobransky 11, Steve  Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
As for Mexico, the U.S. responded to its southern neighbor’s growing energy needs and the political pressures that were inherent in a government heavily dependent on oil revenues. The U.S. was forced to 

And, rapid commercialization is key for South American exports
Ferguson 10, (Dr. Charles D. Ferguson is the President of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS). He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and an Adjunct Lecturer in the National Security Studies Program at the Johns Hopkins University. He graduated with distinction from the United States Naval Academy and served in the U.S. nuclear Navy, receiving training as a nuclear engineer at the Naval Nuclear Power School. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from Boston University.) 5/19/20, (http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing20.pdf)
The opening of the international nuclear market to India may lead to further spread of PHWR technologies to more states. For example, last year, the Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Ltd. (NPCIL) expressed interest in selling PHWRs to Malaysia.4 NPCIL is the only global manufacturer of 220 MWe PHWRs. New Delhi favors 

US nuclear exports to South America allows influence and prevents instability
Dobransky 11, Steve Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
Finally, the U.S. can just go all-out and compete with the Russians and others in the nuclear energy field throughout Latin America and the rest of the world. The U.S. can use all of its powers, influences, and 

Regional instability causes nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring 05, – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson (Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf)
President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous long-term security challenge facing the global community today. The argument in general is that failing and failed state status is 

U.S. leadership in South America is necessary for international institutions and to contain escalatory instability
Sabatini and Berger 12, (Christopher Sabatini: editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas), and Ryan Berger, (Ryan Berger: policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas,) 6/13/2012, Why the U.S. can't afford to ignore Latin America, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/
Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called Latin America “a region on the move,” one that is “more important to the prosperity and security of the United States than ever before.” Somebody forgot to 

Shift in nuclear policy restores U.S. leadership in international institutions – solves every impact
Stanley 7, (Elizabeth Stanley, Ph.D. in Government – Harvard University, Assistant Professor – Georgetown University, Member – National Security Advisement Board of Sandia National Laboratories, “International Perceptions of U.S. Nuclear Policy” http://www.prod.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/2007/070903.pdf)
Perceptual relationships, however, are another matter. The third implication of this research is that nuclear policy matters immensely for the United States’ international reputation. Such reputation effects can have 

Advantage 2: Proliferation

Scenario 1: The Globe

U.S. SMR leadership prevents proliferation but it will be undermined
Kurth 8-1-13, Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
The export of SMRs also has issues regarding nonproliferation. When discussing nuclear ¶ reactors, nonproliferation is of the utmost concern for national security implications. The issue is ¶ centered on whether or not a domestic SMR industry with a focus on exports can positively affect ¶ 

Laguna Verde plant is likely to have an accident
Nauman 5-10-13, (Telli Nauman is a reporter  for Center For International Policy America, a non-profit public policy research and advocacy think tank with offices inWashington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as "promoting a U.S. foreign policy based on international cooperation, demilitarization and respect for human rights." Nauman is also an environmental analyst for the Americas Program . She is a founder and co-director of the independent international media project Journalism to Raise Environmental Awareness, initiated in 1994 with support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.) Mexico’s aging Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant a Fiasco http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498
Fissures, leaks, shutdowns, government secrecy, a failed upgrade, alleged bid-rigging and contract fraud at Mexico’s lone atomic power station, the state-run Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant, were vetted during 

Extinction
Lendman 11, (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan” 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)
For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming. In her 1978 book, "Nuclear Madness," she said: "As a physician, I contend that nuclear technology threatens life on our planet with extinction. If present trends continue, the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water 

The U.S. has conduits to provide technical nuclear cooperation over reactors to Mexico
Parker 07, (Mary Ann Parker, member of Scientists Without Borders, worldwide community of change makers collaborating to accelerate and share solutions to the world's most urgent development, international scientific research and cooperation group, November 2007, https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf, DPatterson)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) oversees the primary multilateral methods for helping the nonnuclear countries use these technologies through its Technical Cooperation Programme. One way the U.S. provides technical cooperation is 

Current international market guarantees proliferation – U.S. is key to stop
Albright et al. 7/29, (David Albright, founder of the non-governmental Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), its current president, and author of several books on proliferation of atomic weapons. Albright holds a Master of Science in physics from Indiana University and a M.Sc. inmathematics from Wright State University. He has taught physics at George Mason University in Virginia.  Andrea Stricker, Senior Policy Analyst at Institute for Science and International Security, MA in Security Policy Studies from the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and a BA in Political Science and French, certificate in Middle Eastern Studies, from the University of Arizona, Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Virginia. He earned his B.A. and M.S. degrees in mathematics from Mississippi State University, and his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of Virginia, He was Visiting Scientist at Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Saclay, France in 1996 and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN in 2004. From July – December 2007, he was Visiting Research Scholar at Princeton University in the Woodrow Wilson School and the Program on Science and Global Security, Institute for Science and International Security, 7/29/13, http://www.nps.edu/Academics/Centers/CCC/PASCC/Publications/2013/Full20Report_DTRA-PASCC_29July2013-FINAL.pdf)
As a short term projection over the next five to ten years, several additional states in dangerous regions of the world, along with terrorist organizations, may seek nuclear weapons. Certain countries 

DOE investment and exports are necessary for commercialization and influence but part 810 prevents cooperation
Kurth 8-1-13, Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Extensive domestic deployment and international deployment will occur if the second phase of the SMR commercialization is to be enormously successful. The second phase will have differing factors and issues, as well as differing 

Cooperation agreements with Mexico would bypass 810
NNSA and DOE 7-31-13 (http://nnsa.energy.gov/sites/default/files/nnsa/07-13-inlinefiles/2013-07-3120SNOPR.pdf) (NNSA) is part of the United States Department of Energy. It works to improve national security through the military application of nuclear energy. The NNSA maintains and improves the safety, reliability, and performance of the United States nuclear weapons stockpile through the use of science, technology, and engineering. It is also responsible for many nuclear nonproliferation, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation,)
Several NOPR commenters noted that the United States has had a long, peaceful nuclear trading relationship with Mexico, even though the two countries do not have a 123 Agreement. Commenters claimed the proposed rule would disrupt the 

SMRs are breakthroughs in safety and proliferation resistant technology
Kurth 8-1-13, Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Small modular reactors have several key technical features that enable them entrance to new market space currently more difficult for larger nuclear reactor placement. They also contain key 

Extinction – new proliferators are uniquely unstable – deterrence won’t save us
Kroenig 12, (Matthew Kroenig, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, June 4, 2012, “The history of proliferation optimism: does it have a future?” http://npolicy.org/article_file/The_History_of_Proliferation_Optimism.pdf)
Nuclear War. The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear war. The more states in possession of nuclear weapons, the greater the probability that somewhere, someday, there will be a 

Any WMD terrorist attack results in nuclear great power war
Ayson 10,  Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—are not necessarily separable. It is just possible that some sort of terrorist attack, and 

Scenario 2: Brazil

Brazilian prolif leads to regional prolif, nuclear war, and area access and denial for the US
Ghoshal 8-20-13, (Debalina Ghoshal is an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Air Power Studies, Western Air Command, New Delhi, India. South America goes nuclear: Now Brazil {http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3941/nuclear-brazil)
If Brazil develops a nuclear submarine, it would be South America's first,2 and enable Brazil to project itself as a "developed country with sophisticated industry capable of absorbing, mastering 

Brazil nuclear submarines sets the precedent for global usage
Moltz 12, (James Clay Moltz: Professor, Associate Chair for Research, and Director of the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction, Dr. Moltz received his Ph.D. and M.A. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley. He also holds an M.A. in Russian and East European Studies and a B.A. in International Relations (with Distinction) from Stanford University.) (http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a578475.pdf) (Submarine and Autonomous Vessel Proliferation: Implications for Future Strategic Stability at Sea)
Although Argentina and rival Brazil engaged in a nuclear rapprochement over the last three decades and have apparently abandoned past plans for developing nuclear weapons, Brazil remains interested in developing a nuclear submarine, purportedly only for coastal 

Area access and denial leads to deterrence collapse and war
Alcazar, 12, (Vincent Alcazar, Colonel, USAF, Winter 2012) Crisis Management and the Anti-Access/Area Denial Problem, http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2012/winter/alcazar.pdf
America’s political and military leaders rely on unimpeded US force movements across strategic distances to stabilize regions and deter threatening regimes. That reliance depends on assured air and naval 

Agile naval capability contains aggressors and manages power transitions, every hotspot is at risk. Independently – renders great power war obsolete
Eaglen and McGrath 11, research fellow for national security – Heritage, and McGrath, former naval officer and director – Delex Consulting, Studies and Analysis, served as the primary author of the current maritime strategy., 5/16/’11
(Mackenzie and Bryan, “Thinking About a Day Without Sea Power: Implications for U.S. Defense Policy,” Heritage Foundation)
Modern American sea power—represented for the purposes of this paper by the U.S. Navy and its expeditionary land force, the U.S. Marine Corps—is the most flexible, adaptable, useful, and

Tournament: Warner Robins | Round: 2 | Opponent: Alpharetta CL | Judge:
ERROR

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 2 | Opponent: Katy Taylor AL | Judge: Darin Maier
same as Oval just replaced Ayson and Kroenig

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 5 | Opponent: Roswell BR | Judge: Dan Lewis
same as o-valley

Tournament: Houston County | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wheeler NU | Judge: Maggie Berthiaume
Plan: The Department of Energy should substantially increase technical cooperation and investment in Small Modular Reactors with Mexico

Advantage 1: International Institutions

Mexico is a critical point for U.S. nuclear development and influence
Dobransky, 11, Steve  Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
As for Mexico, the U.S. responded to its southern neighbor’s growing energy needs and the political pressures that were inherent in a government heavily dependent on oil revenues. The U.S. was forced to 

Rapid commercialization is key for South American exports
Ferguson 10  (Dr. Charles D. Ferguson is the President of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS). He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and an Adjunct Lecturer in the National Security Studies Program at the Johns Hopkins University. He graduated with distinction from the United States Naval Academy and served in the U.S. nuclear Navy, receiving training as a nuclear engineer at the Naval Nuclear Power School. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from Boston University.) 5/19/20, (http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing20.pdf)
The opening of the international nuclear market to India may lead to further spread of PHWR technologies to more states. For example, last year, the Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Ltd. (NPCIL) expressed interest in selling PHWRs to Malaysia.4 NPCIL is the only global manufacturer of 220 MWe PHWRs. New Delhi favors 

US nuclear exports to South America is key to prevent instability and influence
Dobransky, 11, Steve Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
Finally, the U.S. can just go all-out and compete with the Russians and others in the nuclear energy field throughout Latin America and the rest of the world. The U.S. can use all of its powers, influences, and 

Regional instability causes nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring 05 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson (Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf)
President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous long-term security challenge facing the global community today. The argument in general is that failing and failed state status is 

US leadership in South America is necessary to make international institutions effective and contain escalatory instability
Sabatini and Berger ‘12, (Christopher Sabatini: editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas), and Ryan Berger, (Ryan Berger: policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas,) 6/13/2012, Why the U.S. can't afford to ignore Latin America, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/
Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called Latin America “a region on the move,” one that is “more important to the prosperity and security of the United States than ever before.” Somebody forgot to 

Shift in nuclear policy restores U.S. leadership in international institutions – solves every impact
Stanley 7 (Elizabeth Stanley, Ph.D. in Government – Harvard University, Assistant Professor – Georgetown University, Member – National Security Advisement Board of Sandia National Laboratories, “International Perceptions of U.S. Nuclear Policy” http://www.prod.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/2007/070903.pdf)
Perceptual relationships, however, are another matter. The third implication of this research is that nuclear policy matters immensely for the United States’ international reputation. Such reputation effects can have 

Effective international institutions are key to solve multiple existential risks
Masciulli 11—Professor of Political Science @ St Thomas University Joseph Masciulli, “The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies,” Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5
What is most to be feared is enhanced global disorder resulting from the combination of weak global regulations; the unforeseen destructive consequences of converging technologies and economic 

Advantage 2: Proliferation

US SMR leadership prevents prolif but rising competitors ensure U.S. policies are undermined
Kurth 8-1-13 Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
The export of SMRs also has issues regarding nonproliferation. When discussing nuclear ¶ reactors, nonproliferation is of the utmost concern for national security implications. The issue is ¶ centered on whether or not a domestic SMR industry with a focus on exports can positively affect ¶ 

Laguna Verde plant is likely to have an accident
Nauman 5-10-13, (Telli Nauman is a reporter  for Center For International Policy America, a non-profit public policy research and advocacy think tank with offices inWashington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as "promoting a U.S. foreign policy based on international cooperation, demilitarization and respect for human rights." Nauman is also an environmental analyst for the Americas Program . She is a founder and co-director of the independent international media project Journalism to Raise Environmental Awareness, initiated in 1994 with support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.) Mexico’s aging Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant a Fiasco http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498
Fissures, leaks, shutdowns, government secrecy, a failed upgrade, alleged bid-rigging and contract fraud at Mexico’s lone atomic power station, the state-run Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant, were vetted during 

Extinction
Lendman ‘11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan” 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)
For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming. In her 1978 book, "Nuclear Madness," she said: "As a physician, I contend that nuclear technology threatens life on our planet with extinction. If present trends continue, the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water 

The U.S. has conduits to provide technical nuclear cooperation over reactors to Mexico
Parker 07’ (Mary Ann Parker, member of Scientists Without Borders, worldwide community of change makers collaborating to accelerate and share solutions to the world's most urgent development, international scientific research and cooperation group, November 2007, https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf, DPatterson)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) oversees the primary multilateral methods for helping the nonnuclear countries use these technologies through its Technical Cooperation Programme. One way the U.S. provides technical cooperation is 

Current international market guarantees proliferation – US is key to stop
Albright et al. 7/29 (David Albright, founder of the non-governmental Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), its current president, and author of several books on proliferation of atomic weapons. Albright holds a Master of Science in physics from Indiana University and a M.Sc. inmathematics from Wright State University. He has taught physics at George Mason University in Virginia.  Andrea Stricker, Senior Policy Analyst at Institute for Science and International Security, MA in Security Policy Studies from the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and a BA in Political Science and French, certificate in Middle Eastern Studies, from the University of Arizona, Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Virginia. He earned his B.A. and M.S. degrees in mathematics from Mississippi State University, and his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of Virginia, He was Visiting Scientist at Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Saclay, France in 1996 and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN in 2004. From July – December 2007, he was Visiting Research Scholar at Princeton University in the Woodrow Wilson School and the Program on Science and Global Security, Institute for Science and International Security, 7/29/13, http://www.nps.edu/Academics/Centers/CCC/PASCC/Publications/2013/Full20Report_DTRA-PASCC_29July2013-FINAL.pdf)
As a short term projection over the next five to ten years, several additional states in dangerous regions of the world, along with terrorist organizations, may seek nuclear weapons. Certain countries 

DOE investment with Mexico is key for market influence and commercialization
Kurth 8-1-13 Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Extensive domestic deployment and international deployment will occur if the second phase of the SMR commercialization is to be enormously successful. The second phase will have differing factors 

SMRs are breakthroughs in safety and prolif resistant technology
Kurth 8-1-13 Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Small modular reactors have several key technical features that enable them entrance to new market space currently more difficult for larger nuclear reactor placement. They also contain key 

Extinction – new proliferators are uniquely unstable – deterrence won’t save us
Kroenig 12 (Matthew Kroenig, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, June 4, 2012, “The history of proliferation optimism: does it have a future?” http://npolicy.org/article_file/The_History_of_Proliferation_Optimism.pdf)
Nuclear War. The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear war. The more states in possession of nuclear weapons, the greater the probability that somewhere, someday, there will 

Any WMD terrorist attack results in nuclear great power war
Ayson 10,  Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a catastrophic interstate nuclear exchange—are not necessarily separable. It is just possible that some sort of terrorist attack, and 

Brazilian prolif leads to regional prolif, nuclear war, and area access and denial for the US
Ghoshal 8-20-13 (Debalina Ghoshal is an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Air Power Studies, Western Air Command, New Delhi, India. South America goes nuclear: Now Brazil {http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3941/nuclear-brazil)
If Brazil develops a nuclear submarine, it would be South America's first,2 and enable Brazil to project itself as a "developed country with sophisticated industry capable of absorbing, mastering 

Area access and denial leads to deterrence collapse and war
Alcazar, 12, (Vincent Alcazar, Colonel, USAF, Winter 2012) Crisis Management and the Anti-Access/Area Denial Problem, http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2012/winter/alcazar.pdf
America’s political and military leaders rely on unimpeded US force movements across strategic distances to stabilize regions and deter threatening regimes. That reliance depends on assured air 

Agile global military reach is key to contain aggressors and manage power transitions – every hotspot is at risk
Major Munson, ’11 – Peter J., Marine aviator and Middle East foreign area officer, having served most recently as Officer in Charge, Detachment A, Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom; author of Iraq in Transition “ Back to Our Roots: Marines’ future in the Indo-Pacific”. January. Marine Corps Gazette. http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/back-to-our-roots
A decade of war has focused Marines’ minds on insurgency, culture, and the permutations of modern irregular warfare, but the Nation’s greatest strategic threats lurk between the lines of economic stories from the developing world and just beyond the future

Tournament: Houston County | Round: 4 | Opponent: Woodward PL | Judge: Kyle Yarborough
same as round 1

Tournament: Chattahoochee | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek PR | Judge: Whit Whitmore
Droughts
Advantage 1 is: Droughts

Massive inevitable droughts in Mexico trigger nuclear water wars and famine – only U.S. led nuclear investment solves
Rush, 6-14 ¶ Cynthia R., columnist for Executive Intelligence Review, “Mexicoand#39;s Drought Demands and#39;NAWAPA-Plusand#39; Infrastructure Projects”, 13, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2013/4024mex_nawapa_plus.html
Herrera, president of Conagoand#39;s Water Commission, warned that the three-year-long drought is the longest-lasting in 100 years and has created a life-or-death crisis which threatens to exterminate, 

Mexican water wars are likely – brink is now
Barry 13
Tom, senior policy analyst and director of CIPand#39;s TransBorder Project, cofounded the International Relations Center (IRC) in 1979, author specializing in Latin-American Relations and the Mexican-U.S. Border, “The Coming Water Wars in Mexico,” 4/14, http://newmexicomercury.com/blog/comments/the_coming_water_wars_in_mexico#sthash.37Ascd6q.dpuf, C.Z.
The most tragic and ominous was the Oct. 21 assassination of a leader of the small farmers’ organization El Barzón and his wife. They had been organizing against the illegal and unsustainable pumping of groundwater by a Canadian mining company and new 

Famine causes world war III
Calvin 2  William H., Professor of Biology – University of Washington, “A Brain for All Season”, http://WilliamCalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/ NAcoast.htm
The population-crash scenario is surely the most appalling.  Plummeting crop yields will cause some powerful countries to try to take over their neighbors or distant lands – if only because their armies, unpaid 

Mexico’s food trade key to U.S. agriculture
Zahniser 13 Steven, Agricultural economist for the USDA, “Mexico Trade and FDIMexico Trade and FDI,” 5/15, USDA Economic Research Center, http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-trade/countries-regions/nafta,-canada-mexico/mexico-trade-fdi.aspx#.UdS47_mfgR6
Mexico is a major participant in international agricultural trade. In the broad category of agri-food products (Chapters 1-24 in the Harmonized System), Mexicoand#39;s total exports (to all countries) approached $22.5 billion in 2012. Corresponding 

The collapse of U.S. agricultural trade turns every impact and makes extinction inevitable
Lugar, 4 ¶ Richard, U.S. Senator (Indiana), “Plant Power” Our Planet v. 14 n. 3, http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html
In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning nuclear threats and other crises, it is easy to lose sight of the long-range challenges. But we do so at our peril. One of the
Nuclear Leadership

Advantage 2 is: Nuclear Leadership

Scenario 1 is: the US

U.S. Nuclear leadership and influence on nuclear policies is declining
Wallace, et al 6/14 (By Michael Wallace, George David Banks, The CSIS Commission on Nuclear Energy Policy in the United States Contributor: John Kotek, Paul Nadeau, and Thomas Hundertmark The CSIS Commission on Nuclear Energy in the United States is made up of senior public and private sector officials from across the political spectrum who agree that nuclear energy is an important part of this country’s energy mix and that the United States is losing ground as other countries proceed with planned expansions of their nuclear sectors.
JUN 14, 2013Restoring U.S. Leadership in Nuclear Energy A National Security Imperative http://csis.org/publication/restoring-us-leadership-nuclear-energy)
The decline of the U.S. nuclear energy industry could be much more rapid than policymakers and  stakeholders anticipate. With 102 operating reactors and the world’s largest base of installed ¶ nuclear capacity, it has been 

Mexico has abandoned nuclear power
Lerner 12 Michael S. 5/14/12(In Latin America, Nuclear Power on shaky ground), http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2012/05/14/latin-america-nuclear-power-shaky-ground ¶ The World Policy Institute is a non-partisan policy institute which claims to develop policies that require a progressive ideology. WPI focuses on cooperative policies in order to achieve: an inclusive and sustainable global market economy, engaged global civic participation and effective governance, and collaborative approaches to national and global security
In February 2010, a massive earthquake struck Chile, shifting the Earthand#39;s distribution of mass and fractionally shortening the length of a day. This 8.8-magnitude mega-earthquake occurred right off the coast of central Chile and, along with the tsunami it created, caused enormous destruction. Over 500 people died and over 1.5 million people were initially displaced, leaving 

Laguna Verde plant is likely to have an accident
Nauman 5-10-13, (Telli Nauman is a reporter  for Center For International Policy America, a non-profit public policy research and advocacy think tank with offices inWashington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as and#34;promoting a U.S. foreign policy based on international cooperation, demilitarization and respect for human rights.and#34 Mexico’s aging Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant a Fiasco http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498
The case of the failure of Mexico’s Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant, nestled on the jagged Veracruz seacoast, reveals the need to nix nukes and fortify public right-to-know mechanisms. With Latin American countries still turned off to nuclear power two years after Japan’s monumental Fukushima meltdowns dispersed radioactive fallout across the ocean to them, events inside a similar facility in Mexico have fueled mounting skepticism over the potential for developing the energy 

Extinction
Lendman ‘11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan” 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)
For years, Helen Caldicott warned itand#39;s coming. In her 1978 book, and#34;Nuclear Madness,and#34; she said: and#34;As a physician, I contend that nuclear technology threatens life on our planet with extinction. If present trends continue, the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink will soon be contaminated with enough radioactive pollutants to pose a potential health 

Without US nuclear leadership, prolif becomes inevitable
Jones 12 (Gen. James L. Jones: January, Georgetown University Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Bachelor of Science, Obama’s National Security Advisor, “US must remain leader in nuclear enrichment,” http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/204711-us-must-remain-leader-in-nuclear-enrichment-)
Nuclear nonproliferation, long one of America’s chief international security strategies, has been a major priority for this administration, as it has for every administration since World War II. Nuclear 

Prolif risks extinction, deterrence is a fragile system that’s unproven
Krieger 09  (David, Pres. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Councilor – World Future Council, “Still Loving the Bomb After All These Years”, 9-4, https://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2009/09/04_krieger_newsweek_response.php?krieger)
Jonathan Tepperman’s article in the September 7, 2009 issue of Newsweek, “Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb,” provides a novel but frivolous argument that nuclear weapons “may not, in fact, make the world more 

Scenario 2 is: Latin America

Mexico nuclear energy spills over to Latin America
Alcañiz ’10 (Isabella, Assistant Professor at the Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland, published in World Politics, the British Journal of Political Science (BJPS), the Latin American Research Review (LARR), and Latin American Perspectives (LAP), Licenciatura degree in International Relations from the Universidad de Belgrano PhD in Political Science from Northwestern University, Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Houston from 2005 to 2010, Visiting Professor at the University of Pennsylvania (The Wharton School and the Department of Political Science), “Bureaucratic Networks and Government Spending: A Network Analysis of Nuclear Cooperation in Latin America” volume 45 number 1 pgs. 148-172, http://www.uh.edu/class/political-science/news/45.1.alcaniz.pdf)
The ARCAL group was first organized in 1984, just two years after the 1982 foreign debt crisis and at the beginning of the wave of democratization that was to sweep Latin America throughout the decade. After 1984, the remaining Latin American countries, 

That’s key to displacing Russian SMR exports – rapid commercialization key
Ferguson 10 Charles D.  Ferguson: President, Federation of American Scientists, 5/19/20, http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing20.pdf
The United States and several other countries have considerable experience in building and operating small and medium power reactors. The U.S. Navy, for example, has used small power reactors since the 1950s to provide 

US nuclear energy market control of Latin American key to prevent Latin America instability
Dobransky, 11, Steve  Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
Finally, the U.S. can just go all-out and compete with the Russians and others in the nuclear energy field throughout Latin America and the rest of the world. The U.S. can use all of its powers, influences, and 

US leadership in Latin America necessary to make international institutions effective and contain escalatory instability
Sabatini and Berger ‘12, (Christopher Sabatini: editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas), and Ryan Berger, (Ryan Berger: policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas,) 6/13/2012, Why the U.S. canand#39;t afford to ignore Latin America, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/
Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called Latin America “a region on the move,” one that is “more important to the prosperity and security of the United States than ever before.” Somebody forgot to tell the Washington brain trust. The Center for a New American Security, a respected national security think tank a half-mile from 

Effective international institutions are key to solve multiple existential risks
Masciulli 11—Professor of Political Science @ St Thomas University Joseph Masciulli, “The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies,” Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5
What is most to be feared is enhanced global disorder resulting from the combination of weak global regulations; the unforeseen destructive consequences of converging technologies and economic 

Regional Instability causes nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring 05 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson
(Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel, Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf)
President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous long-term security challenge facing the global community today. The argument in general is that 

?
Plan: The Department of Energy should substantially increase technical cooperation and investment in Small Modular Reactors with Mexico

Solvency

Now Solvency

DOE investment is critical to Mexico cooperation on SMRS, solves all the downsides to nuclear energy, provides influence and market leadership, and stops global prolif
Kurth 8-1-13 Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Small modular reactors have several key technical features that enable them entrance to new ¶ market space currently more difficult for larger nuclear reactor placement. They also contain key ¶ 

The U.S. has conduits to provide technical nuclear cooperation and expertise to Mexico
Parker 07’ (Mary Ann Parker, member of Scientists Without Borders, worldwide community of changemakers collaborating to accelerate and share solutions to the worldand#39;s most urgent development, international scientific research and cooperation group, November 2007, https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf, DPatterson)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) oversees the primary multilateral methods for helping the nonnuclear countries use these technologies through its Technical Cooperation Programme. One way the U.S. provides technical cooperation is through INSEP. “Nuclear energy is bound to play an increasing role in the future as oil reserves are depleted—even in countries that export oil,” says Bissani. “Countries must have the information and technical expertise they need to make this a safe, secure, and successful endeavor.” INSEP addresses the growing interest 

Mexican wants nuclear energy - multiple warrants
World Nuclear Association 12 (The World Nuclear Association is the international organization that promotes nuclear energy and supports the many companies that comprise the global nuclear industry. WNA represents the industry in key world forums that shape the nuclear industryand#39;s regulatory and policy environment, including the UN, IAEA, NEA, ICRP and Ospar; Nuclear Power in Mexico; November 2012; http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Mexico/#.UdLyKPmPOSo; DB)
High-level government support exists for an expansion of nuclear energy, primarily to reduce dependence on natural gas, but also to cut carbon emissions - until 2011 the countryand#39;s energy policy called for increasing

Tournament: Chattahoochee | Round: 4 | Opponent: Roswell BR | Judge: James Brock
same as hooch 1ac

Tournament: Chattahoochee | Round: 5 | Opponent: Johns Creek LT | Judge: Scott Phillips
same as Hooch 1ac

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: New Trier WP | Judge: Brad Meloche
Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase technical cooperation and investment in Small Modular Reactors with Mexico

Advantage 1: International Institutions

Mexico is key for U.S. nuclear development and influence
Dobransky, 11, Steve  Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
As for Mexico, the U.S. responded to its southern neighbor’s growing
AND
ready to exploit the situation and fulfill the U.S.’s promise

And rapid commercialization is key for South American exports
Ferguson 10 (Dr. Charles D. Ferguson is the President of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS). He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and an Adjunct Lecturer in the National Security Studies Program at the Johns Hopkins University. He graduated with distinction from the United States Naval Academy and served in the U.S. nuclear Navy, receiving training as a nuclear engineer at the Naval Nuclear Power School. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from Boston University.) 5/19/20, (http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing20.pdf)
The opening of the international nuclear market to India may lead to further spread of
AND
in setting the standards for safe, secure, and proliferation-resistant SMRs
 that can compete in the market. Several years ago, the United States
AND
considers all aspects of manufacturing, transportation, operation, and ultimate disposal."

US nuclear exports to South America allows influence and prevents instability
Dobransky, 11, Steve Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
Finally, the U.S. can just go all-out and compete
AND
and Russia’s ascendance. And, thus, will go the Monroe Doctrine.

Regional instability causes nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring 05 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson (Max G., Retired
AND
and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65

U.S. leadership in South America is necessary for international institutions and to contain escalatory instability 
Sabatini and Berger ’12, (Christopher Sabatini: editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas), and Ryan Berger, (Ryan Berger: policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas,) 6/13/2012, Why the U.S. can’t afford to ignore Latin America, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/
Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called
AND
S. "backyard" that is outside broader, global strategic concerns.

Shift in nuclear policy restores U.S. leadership in international institutions – solves every impact
Stanley 7 (Elizabeth Stanley, Ph.D. in Government – Harvard University, Assistant Professor – Georgetown University, Member – National Security Advisement Board of Sandia National Laboratories, "International Perceptions of U.S. Nuclear Policy" http://www.prod.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/2007/070903.pdf)
Perceptual relationships, however, are another matter. The third implication of this research
AND
those reactions. The strategic interaction is complex and incredibly difficult to model.

Effective international institutions are key to solve multiple existential risks
Masciulli 11—Professor of Political Science @ St Thomas University ~Joseph Masciulli, "The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies," Bulletin of Science, Technology 26 Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5~
What is most to be feared is enhanced global disorder resulting from the combination of
AND
survival and security to their longer term agendas. Pg. 4-5

Advantage 2: Proliferation

U.S. SMR leadership prevents proliferation but it will be undermined
Kurth 8-1-13 ~Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association~ (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
The export of SMRs also has issues regarding nonproliferation. When discussing nuclear ¶ reactors
AND
government assistance. Ensuring the timely deployment of SMRs is of the utmost importance

Laguna Verde plant is likely to have an accident
Nauman 5-10-13, (Telli Nauman is a reporter  for Center For International Policy America, a non-profit public policy research and advocacy think tank with offices inWashington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as "promoting a U.S. foreign policy based on international cooperation, demilitarization and respect for human rights." Nauman is also an environmental analyst for the Americas Program . She is a founder and co-director of the independent international media project Journalism to Raise Environmental Awareness, initiated in 1994 with support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.) Mexico’s aging Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant a Fiasco http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498
Fissures, leaks, shutdowns, government secrecy, a failed upgrade, alleged bid
AND
part of the coast with only poorly maintained roads to offer escape routes. 

Extinction
Lendman ’11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan" 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)
For years, Helen Caldicott warned it’s coming. In her 1978 book, "
AND
or face extinction. No one listened. The Doomsday Clock keeps ticking.

The U.S. has conduits to provide technical nuclear cooperation over reactors to Mexico
Parker 07’ (Mary Ann Parker, member of Scientists Without Borders, worldwide community of change makers collaborating to accelerate and share solutions to the world’s most urgent development, international scientific research and cooperation group, November 2007, https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf, DPatterson)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) oversees the primary multilateral methods for helping
AND
nuclear-generated electrical power, should Morocco choose to develop this energy source

Current international market guarantees proliferation – US is key to stop
Albright et al. 7/29 (David Albright, founder of the non-governmental Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), its current president, and author of several books on proliferation of atomic weapons. Albright holds a Master of Science in physics from Indiana University and a M.Sc. inmathematics from Wright State University. He has taught physics at George Mason University in Virginia.  Andrea Stricker, Senior Policy Analyst at Institute for Science and International Security, MA in Security Policy Studies from the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and a BA in Political Science and French, certificate in Middle Eastern Studies, from the University of Arizona, Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Virginia. He earned his B.A. and M.S. degrees in mathematics from Mississippi State University, and his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of Virginia, He was Visiting Scientist at Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Saclay, France in 1996 and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN in 2004. From July – December 2007, he was Visiting Research Scholar at Princeton University in the Woodrow Wilson School and the Program on Science and Global Security, Institute for Science and International Security, 7/29/13, http://www.nps.edu/Academics/Centers/CCC/PASCC/Publications/2013/Full20Report_DTRA-PASCC_29July2013-FINAL.pdf)
As a short term projection over the next five to ten years, several additional
AND
. One key part of this effort will remain smuggling of nuclear commodities. 

DOE investment and exports are necessary for commercialization and influence but part 810 prevents cooperation
Kurth 8-1-13, ~Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association~ (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Extensive domestic deployment and international deployment will occur if the second phase of the SMR
AND
the DOE with other departments willing to purchase power from private sector utilities.

Cooperation agreements with Mexico would bypass 810
NNSA and DOE 7-31-13 (http://nnsa.energy.gov/sites/default/files/nnsa/07-13-inlinefiles/2013-07-3120SNOPR.pdf) (NNSA) is part of the United States Department of Energy. It works to improve national security through the military application of nuclear energy. The NNSA maintains and improves the safety, reliability, and performance of the United States nuclear weapons stockpile through the use of science, technology, and engineering. It is also responsible for many nuclear nonproliferation, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation,)
Several NOPR commenters noted that the United States has had a long, peaceful nuclear
AND
basis to designate additional countries as generally authorized, DOE would welcome them.

SMRs are breakthroughs in safety and proliferation resistant technology
Kurth 8-1-13, ~Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association~ (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Small modular reactors have several key technical features that enable them entrance to new market
AND
~9-12~. These SMR designs greatly reduce the safety systems reliance

Extinction – new proliferators are uniquely unstable and deterrence won’t save us
Kroenig 12, (Matthew Kroenig, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, June 4, 2012, "The history of proliferation optimism: does it have a future?" http://npolicy.org/article_file/The_History_of_Proliferation_Optimism.pdf)
Nuclear War. The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear
AND
that a future Middle East crisis could result in a devastating nuclear exchange.

Any WMD terrorist attack results in nuclear great power war
Ayson 10,  Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Brazilian prolif leads to regional prolif, nuclear war, and area access and denial for the US
Ghoshal 8-20-13, (Debalina Ghoshal is an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Air Power Studies, Western Air Command, New Delhi, India. ~South America goes nuclear: Now Brazil~ ~{http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3941/nuclear-brazil)
If Brazil develops a nuclear submarine, it would be South America’s first,~2
AND
of collapsed or ineffective deterrence, easily leads to all-out war.

Brazil nuclear submarines sets the precedent for global usage
Moltz 12, (James Clay Moltz: Professor, Associate Chair for Research, and Director of the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction, Dr. Moltz received his Ph.D. and M.A. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley. He also holds an M.A. in Russian and East European Studies and a B.A. in International Relations (with Distinction) from Stanford University.) (http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a578475.pdf) (Submarine and Autonomous Vessel Proliferation: Implications for Future Strategic Stability at Sea)
Although Argentina and rival Brazil engaged in a nuclear rapprochement over the last three decades
AND
cycle is still difficult to tell. But the trend is worrisome.  

Area access and denial leads to deterrence collapse and war
Alcazar, 12, (Vincent Alcazar, Colonel, USAF, Winter 2012) Crisis Management and the Anti-Access/Area Denial Problem, http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2012/winter/alcazar.pdf
America’s political and military leaders rely on unimpeded US force movements across strategic distances to
AND
its conventional deterrence, and undercut its ability to manage escalation and deescalation.

Agile naval capability contains aggressors and manages power transitions, every hotspot is at risk, a naval arms race guarantees world war III
Eaglen and McGrath 11, research fellow for national security – Heritage, and McGrath, former naval officer and director – Delex Consulting, Studies and Analysis, served as the primary author of the current maritime strategy., 5/16/’11
(Mackenzie and Bryan, "Thinking About a Day Without Sea Power: Implications for U.S. Defense Policy," Heritage Foundation)
Modern American sea power—represented for the purposes of this paper by the U
AND
the international supply chain with impacts in the billions of dollars.~16~
the Nation truly needs us, we will all be going to the same place, wherever that may be.

Even if hegemony is impossible, American military engagement is key to prevent global chaos and extinction – there’s no alternative
Brzezinski, ’12 ~Zbigniew Brzezinski, CSIS counselor and trustee and cochair of the CSIS Advisory Board, Robert E. Osgood Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies @ Johns Hopkins University, cochair of the American Committee for Peace in the Caucasus and a member of the International Advisory Board of the Atlantic Council, recipient of numerous honors and awards. "After America". Foreign Policy, Jan/Feb 2012. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,1~
Not so long ago, a high-ranking Chinese official, who obviously had
AND
policy — or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Niles North DN | Judge: Matt Struth
Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase technical cooperation and investment in Small Modular Reactors with Mexico

Advantage 1: International Institutions

Mexico is key for U.S. nuclear development and influence
Dobransky, 11, Steve  Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
As for Mexico, the U.S. responded to its southern neighbor’s growing
AND
ready to exploit the situation and fulfill the U.S.’s promise

And rapid commercialization is key for South American exports
Ferguson 10 (Dr. Charles D. Ferguson is the President of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS). He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and an Adjunct Lecturer in the National Security Studies Program at the Johns Hopkins University. He graduated with distinction from the United States Naval Academy and served in the U.S. nuclear Navy, receiving training as a nuclear engineer at the Naval Nuclear Power School. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from Boston University.) 5/19/20, (http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing20.pdf)
The opening of the international nuclear market to India may lead to further spread of
AND
in setting the standards for safe, secure, and proliferation-resistant SMRs
 that can compete in the market. Several years ago, the United States
AND
considers all aspects of manufacturing, transportation, operation, and ultimate disposal."

US nuclear exports to South America allows influence and prevents instability
Dobransky, 11, Steve Dobranksy: Cleveland State University International Relations Adjunct Professor, March 2011The Nuclear Penetration of the Monroe Doctrine, http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2011/2011-1/2011_1_02_dobransky_eng_s.pdf
Finally, the U.S. can just go all-out and compete
AND
and Russia’s ascendance. And, thus, will go the Monroe Doctrine.

Regional instability causes nuclear war and extinction
Manwaring 05 – adjunct professor of international politics at Dickinson (Max G., Retired
AND
and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65

U.S. leadership in South America is necessary for international institutions and to contain escalatory instability 
Sabatini and Berger ’12, (Christopher Sabatini: editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas), and Ryan Berger, (Ryan Berger: policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas,) 6/13/2012, Why the U.S. can’t afford to ignore Latin America, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/
Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called
AND
S. "backyard" that is outside broader, global strategic concerns.

Shift in nuclear policy restores U.S. leadership in international institutions – solves every impact
Stanley 7 (Elizabeth Stanley, Ph.D. in Government – Harvard University, Assistant Professor – Georgetown University, Member – National Security Advisement Board of Sandia National Laboratories, "International Perceptions of U.S. Nuclear Policy" http://www.prod.sandia.gov/cgi-bin/techlib/access-control.pl/2007/070903.pdf)
Perceptual relationships, however, are another matter. The third implication of this research
AND
those reactions. The strategic interaction is complex and incredibly difficult to model.

Effective international institutions are key to solve multiple existential risks
Masciulli 11—Professor of Political Science @ St Thomas University ~Joseph Masciulli, "The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies," Bulletin of Science, Technology 26 Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5~
What is most to be feared is enhanced global disorder resulting from the combination of
AND
survival and security to their longer term agendas. Pg. 4-5

Advantage 2: Proliferation

U.S. SMR leadership prevents proliferation but it will be undermined
Kurth 8-1-13 ~Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association~ (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
The export of SMRs also has issues regarding nonproliferation. When discussing nuclear ¶ reactors
AND
government assistance. Ensuring the timely deployment of SMRs is of the utmost importance

Laguna Verde plant is likely to have an accident
Nauman 5-10-13, (Telli Nauman is a reporter  for Center For International Policy America, a non-profit public policy research and advocacy think tank with offices inWashington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as "promoting a U.S. foreign policy based on international cooperation, demilitarization and respect for human rights." Nauman is also an environmental analyst for the Americas Program . She is a founder and co-director of the independent international media project Journalism to Raise Environmental Awareness, initiated in 1994 with support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.) Mexico’s aging Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant a Fiasco http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498
Fissures, leaks, shutdowns, government secrecy, a failed upgrade, alleged bid
AND
part of the coast with only poorly maintained roads to offer escape routes. 

Extinction
Lendman ’11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan" 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)
For years, Helen Caldicott warned it’s coming. In her 1978 book, "
AND
or face extinction. No one listened. The Doomsday Clock keeps ticking.

The U.S. has conduits to provide technical nuclear cooperation over reactors to Mexico
Parker 07’ (Mary Ann Parker, member of Scientists Without Borders, worldwide community of change makers collaborating to accelerate and share solutions to the world’s most urgent development, international scientific research and cooperation group, November 2007, https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf, DPatterson)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) oversees the primary multilateral methods for helping
AND
nuclear-generated electrical power, should Morocco choose to develop this energy source

Current international market guarantees proliferation – US is key to stop
Albright et al. 7/29 (David Albright, founder of the non-governmental Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), its current president, and author of several books on proliferation of atomic weapons. Albright holds a Master of Science in physics from Indiana University and a M.Sc. inmathematics from Wright State University. He has taught physics at George Mason University in Virginia.  Andrea Stricker, Senior Policy Analyst at Institute for Science and International Security, MA in Security Policy Studies from the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and a BA in Political Science and French, certificate in Middle Eastern Studies, from the University of Arizona, Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Virginia. He earned his B.A. and M.S. degrees in mathematics from Mississippi State University, and his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of Virginia, He was Visiting Scientist at Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Saclay, France in 1996 and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN in 2004. From July – December 2007, he was Visiting Research Scholar at Princeton University in the Woodrow Wilson School and the Program on Science and Global Security, Institute for Science and International Security, 7/29/13, http://www.nps.edu/Academics/Centers/CCC/PASCC/Publications/2013/Full20Report_DTRA-PASCC_29July2013-FINAL.pdf)
As a short term projection over the next five to ten years, several additional
AND
. One key part of this effort will remain smuggling of nuclear commodities. 

DOE investment and exports are necessary for commercialization and influence but part 810 prevents cooperation
Kurth 8-1-13, ~Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association~ (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Extensive domestic deployment and international deployment will occur if the second phase of the SMR
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the DOE with other departments willing to purchase power from private sector utilities.

Cooperation agreements with Mexico would bypass 810
NNSA and DOE 7-31-13 (http://nnsa.energy.gov/sites/default/files/nnsa/07-13-inlinefiles/2013-07-3120SNOPR.pdf) (NNSA) is part of the United States Department of Energy. It works to improve national security through the military application of nuclear energy. The NNSA maintains and improves the safety, reliability, and performance of the United States nuclear weapons stockpile through the use of science, technology, and engineering. It is also responsible for many nuclear nonproliferation, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation,)
Several NOPR commenters noted that the United States has had a long, peaceful nuclear
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basis to designate additional countries as generally authorized, DOE would welcome them.

SMRs are breakthroughs in safety and proliferation resistant technology
Kurth 8-1-13, ~Michael Kurth, Washington Internships for students of engineering Founded in 1980 through the collaborative efforts of several professional engineering societies, the Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) has become one of the premier Washington internship programs. The WISE goal is to prepare future leaders of the engineering profession in the United States who are aware of, and who can contribute to, the increasingly important issues at the intersection of science, technology, and public policy., sponsored by the American Nuclear Association~ (Advancing the Commercialization of Small Modular Reactors http://www.wise-intern.org/journal/2013/documents/KURTHAdvancingtheCommercializationofSmallModularReactors.pdf)
Small modular reactors have several key technical features that enable them entrance to new market
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~9-12~. These SMR designs greatly reduce the safety systems reliance

Extinction – new proliferators are uniquely unstable and deterrence won’t save us
Kroenig 12, (Matthew Kroenig, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, June 4, 2012, "The history of proliferation optimism: does it have a future?" http://npolicy.org/article_file/The_History_of_Proliferation_Optimism.pdf)
Nuclear War. The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear
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that a future Middle East crisis could result in a devastating nuclear exchange.

Any WMD terrorist attack results in nuclear great power war
Ayson 10,  Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Brazilian prolif leads to regional prolif, nuclear war, and area access and denial for the US
Ghoshal 8-20-13, (Debalina Ghoshal is an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Air Power Studies, Western Air Command, New Delhi, India. ~South America goes nuclear: Now Brazil~ ~{http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/3941/nuclear-brazil)
If Brazil develops a nuclear submarine, it would be South America’s first,~2
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of collapsed or ineffective deterrence, easily leads to all-out war.

Brazil nuclear submarines sets the precedent for global usage
Moltz 12, (James Clay Moltz: Professor, Associate Chair for Research, and Director of the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction, Dr. Moltz received his Ph.D. and M.A. in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley. He also holds an M.A. in Russian and East European Studies and a B.A. in International Relations (with Distinction) from Stanford University.) (http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a578475.pdf) (Submarine and Autonomous Vessel Proliferation: Implications for Future Strategic Stability at Sea)
Although Argentina and rival Brazil engaged in a nuclear rapprochement over the last three decades
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cycle is still difficult to tell. But the trend is worrisome.  

Area access and denial leads to deterrence collapse and war
Alcazar, 12, (Vincent Alcazar, Colonel, USAF, Winter 2012) Crisis Management and the Anti-Access/Area Denial Problem, http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2012/winter/alcazar.pdf
America’s political and military leaders rely on unimpeded US force movements across strategic distances to
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its conventional deterrence, and undercut its ability to manage escalation and deescalation.

Agile naval capability contains aggressors and manages power transitions, every hotspot is at risk, a naval arms race guarantees world war III
Eaglen and McGrath 11, research fellow for national security – Heritage, and McGrath, former naval officer and director – Delex Consulting, Studies and Analysis, served as the primary author of the current maritime strategy., 5/16/’11
(Mackenzie and Bryan, "Thinking About a Day Without Sea Power: Implications for U.S. Defense Policy," Heritage Foundation)
Modern American sea power—represented for the purposes of this paper by the U
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the international supply chain with impacts in the billions of dollars.~16~
the Nation truly needs us, we will all be going to the same place, wherever that may be.

Even if hegemony is impossible, American military engagement is key to prevent global chaos and extinction – there’s no alternative
Brzezinski, ’12 ~Zbigniew Brzezinski, CSIS counselor and trustee and cochair of the CSIS Advisory Board, Robert E. Osgood Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies @ Johns Hopkins University, cochair of the American Committee for Peace in the Caucasus and a member of the International Advisory Board of the Atlantic Council, recipient of numerous honors and awards. "After America". Foreign Policy, Jan/Feb 2012. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,1~
Not so long ago, a high-ranking Chinese official, who obviously had
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policy — or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Tournament: Ohio Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Dexter MS | Judge: Marcel Roman
same as before

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Groves CP | Judge: Noah Cramer

Plan

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase technical cooperation and investment in Small Modular Reactors with Mexico.

Solvency

Contention 1 is Solvency

The U.S is able to provide technical nuclear cooperation and expertise to Mexico

Parker 07’ (Mary Ann Parker, member of Scientists Without Borders, worldwide community of changemakers collaborating to accelerate and share solutions to the world’s most urgent development, international scientific research and cooperation group, November 2007, https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf-https://www.llnl.gov/str/Nov07/pdfs/11_07.4.pdf, DPatterson)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) oversees the primary multilateral methods for helping
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nuclear-generated electrical power, should Morocco choose to develop this energy source

Mexican government will say yes – multiple warrants.

World Nuclear Association 12 (The World Nuclear Association is the international organization that promotes nuclear energy and supports the many companies that comprise the global nuclear industry. WNA represents the industry in key world forums that shape the nuclear industry’s regulatory and policy environment, including the UN, IAEA, NEA, ICRP and Ospar; Nuclear Power in Mexico; November 2012; http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Mexico/~~23.UdLyKPmPOSo-http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-G-N/Mexico/; DB) 

High-level government support exists for an expansion of nuclear energy, primarily to
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of potable water could be produced each day, as well 840 MWe.

The plan locks in U.S. market leadership by exporting – That’s key to influencing countries

Art Wharton Posted on September 27, 2012 Art Wharton’s Overview Current Principal Project Engineer - Project Development at Westinghouse Electric Company Secretary, Board of Trustees at Urban Pathways Charter School Past Principal Project Engineer - Risk Lead at Westinghouse Electric Company Senior Project Risk Engineer at Westinghouse Electric Company Core Design Engineer at Westinghouse Electric Company Education University of Pittsburgh - Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business The University of Texas at Austin U.S. Global Nuclear Leadership Through Export-Driven Engagement http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/09/27/u-s-global-nuclear-leadership-through-export-driven-engagement/-http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/09/27/u-s-global-nuclear-leadership-through-export-driven-engagement/ 

In a global society where the United States out-spends everyone else on national
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United States leading the way through a high level of engagement in exports.

Nuke Leadership

Contention 2 is Nuclear Leadership
U.S. Nuclear leadership and influence on nuclear policies is declining.
By Michael Wallace, et al 6/14 (George David Banks, The
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losing ground as other countries proceed with planned expansions of their nuclear sectors.
JUN 14, 2013Restoring U.S. Leadership in Nuclear Energy A National Security Imperative http://csis.org/publication/restoring-us-leadership-nuclear-energy-http://csis.org/publication/restoring-us-leadership-nuclear-energy)
The decline of the U.S. nuclear energy industry could be much more
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become irrelevant in a new ¶ nuclear age. This brief outlines why.

Mexico-http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2012/05/14/latin-america-nuclear-power-shaky-ground has abandoned nuclear power

Lerner 12 Michael S. 5/14/12(In Latin America, Nuclear Power on shaky ground), http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2012/05/14/latin-america-nuclear-power-shaky-ground-http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2012/05/14/latin-america-nuclear-power-shaky-ground ¶ The World Policy Institute is a non-partisan policy institute which claims to develop policies that require a progressive ideology. WPI focuses on cooperative policies in order to achieve: an inclusive and sustainable global market economy, engaged global civic participation and effective governance, and collaborative approaches to national and global security
In February 2010, a massive earthquake struck Chile, shifting the Earth’s distribution of
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will be much lower than those linked to the construction of nuclear reactors.
SMR’s are built underground- solves waste, cost, prolif and safety
Giraud et. al. ’10 (Kellen M. Giraud is a nuclear
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,and#34; Mechanical Engineering 132. 12 (Dec 2010): 30-34.)

There is an innovative solution to both the perception and safety problems—a solution
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new concept in power plant infrastructure, Such as the underground nuclear park.

Laguna Verde plant is likely to meltdown
Telli Nauman 5-10-13, (Telli Nauman is a reporter  for Center For International Policy America, a non-profit public policy-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_policy research and advocacy think tank-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think_tank with offices inWashington, D.C.-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. and New York City-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War. The Center describes its mission as and#34;promoting a U.S. foreign policy based on international cooperation, demilitarization and respect for human rights.and#34 Mexico’s aging Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant a Fiasco http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498-http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/9498
The case of the failure of Mexico’s Laguna Verde Nuclear Plant, nestled on the
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Another would be to take the irresponsible parties to court to establish accountability.

Causes Extinction
Lendman ’11 (Stephen – BA from Harvard University and MBA from Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, and#34;Nuclear Meltdown in Japanand#34; 3/13/11 http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm-http://rense.com/general93/nucmelt.htm)
For years, Helen Caldicott warned it’s coming. In her 1978 book, and#34;
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or face extinction. No one listened. The Doomsday Clock keeps ticking.

Meltdowns cause disease which cause extinction, reproduction would be impossible, natural eco-systems would never recover
Wasserman 2 (Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, Earth Island Journal, Spring, www.earthisland.org/eijournal/new_articles.cfm?articleID=45726journalID=63)
The intense radioactive heat within today’s operating reactors is the hottest anywhere on the planet
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core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down.  

Without US nuclear leadership prolif becomes inevitable.

Gen. James L. Jones 12 (January, Georgetown University Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Bachelor of Science, Obama’s National Security Advisor, and#34;US must remain leader in nuclear enrichment,and#34; http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/204711-us-must-remain-leader-in-nuclear-enrichment-)

Nuclear nonproliferation, long one of America’s chief international security strategies, has been a
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needed to demonstrate new technologies was not included in the recent spending bill.

Proliferation causes extinction, deterrence is a fragile system that’s unproven

Krieger 09  (David, Pres. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Councilor – World Future Council, and#34;Still Loving the Bomb After All These Yearsand#34;, 9-4, https://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2009/09/04_krieger_newsweek_response.php?krieger)
Jonathan Tepperman’s article in the September 7, 2009 issue of Newsweek, and#34;Why
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Jong-Il and his successors are more rational than Mr. Tepperman?

And multiple factors ensure miscalc is likely
Evans and Kawaguchi 9—President of the International Crisis Group 26 Former Foreign Minister of Japan ~December 15, 2009, Gareth Evans (Co-chair of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament and Professorial fellow in the School of Social and Political Sciences @ University of Melbourne) 26 Yoriko Kawaguchi (Co-chair of the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament), and#34;Eliminating Nuclear Threats: A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers,and#34; International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, pg. 31-32, http://www.icnnd.org/Reference/reports/ent/part-ii-3.html~~

3.1 Ensuring that no new states join the ranks of those already nucleararmed
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nuclear power centres divided by multiple and cross-cutting sources of conflict.

Prolif causes nuclear terrorism – that flips your rational decisionmaker calculus
Kroenig 12 (Matthew Kroenig, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, 5/26/2012, and#34;The History of Proliferation Optimism:  Does It Have A Future?and#34;, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=118226tid=30-http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=118226tid=30 | JJ)

Nuclear terrorism. The spread of nuclear weapons also increases the risk of nuclear terrorism
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in authority forced us to worry about the fate of Iran’s nuclear arsenal.
Any WMD terrorist attack results in nuclear great power war
Ayson 10,  Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 (Robert, and#34;After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,and#34; Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Droughts

Contention 3 is Droughts

Massive inevitable droughts in Mexico trigger thermonuclear water wars and famine – only U.S. led nuclear investment averts crisis

Rush, 6-14 
~Cynthia R., columnist for Executive Intelligence Review, and#34;Mexico’s Drought Demands ’NAWAPA-Plus’ Infrastructure Projectsand#34;, 13, http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2013/4024mex_nawapa_plus.html-http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2013/4024mex_nawapa_plus.html~~

Herrera, president of Conago’s Water Commission, warned that the three-year-
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million tons of grain that otherwise would have been produced in the country.

Mexican water wars are particularly likely – brink is now

Barry 13 
~Tom, senior policy analyst and director of CIP’s TransBorder Project, cofounded the International Relations Center (IRC) in 1979, author specializing in Latin-American Relations and the Mexican-U.S. Border, and#34;The Coming Water Wars in Mexico,and#34; 4/14, http://newmexicomercury.com/blog/comments/the_coming_water_wars_in_mexico~~23sthash.37Ascd6q.dpuf-http://newmexicomercury.com/blog/comments/the_coming_water_wars_in_mexico, C.Z.~
The most tragic and ominous was the Oct. 21 assassination of a leader of
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that is now regarded as the first skirmish in the new water wars.

Those conflicts escalate to nuclear war

NASCA 4
~National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation, and#34;Water Shortages – Only a Matter of Timeand#34;, http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html~~

Water is one of the prime essentials for life as we know it. The
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ourselves with a nightmare situation for which there will be no obvious answer. 

Famine causes world war III

Calvin 2
~William H., Professor of Biology – University of Washington, and#34;A Brain for All Seasonand#34;, http://WilliamCalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/ NAcoast.htm~

The population-crash scenario is surely the most appalling.  Plummeting crop yields will
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longer do so if it lost the extra warming from the North Atlantic.

Independently, Mexico’s food trade K2 U.S ag

Zahniser 13 ~Steven, Agricultural economist for the USDA, and#34;Mexico Trade 26 FDIMexico Trade 26 FDI,and#34; 5/15, USDA Economic Research Center, http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-trade/countries-regions/nafta,-canada-mexico/mexico-trade-fdi.aspx~23.UdS47_mfgR6-http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/international-markets-trade/countries-regions/nafta,-canada-mexico/mexico-trade-fdi.aspx~
Mexico is a major participant in international agricultural trade. In the broad category of
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commodities to make value-added products, primarily for the domestic market.

The collapse of U.S. agricultural trade turns every impact and makes extinction inevitable

Lugar, 4 ¶ ~Richard, U.S. Senator (Indiana), and#34;Plant Powerand#34; Our Planet v. 14 n. 3, http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html-http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html~~
In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning
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in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.

And a transition to nuclear desalination prevents concentrated brine runoff.

IAEA 10 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Environmental Impact Assessment for Nuclear Desalination, http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1642_web.pdf)

On the other hand, if favorable conditions exist, regarding the coast bathymetry,
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small brine quantities with large volumes of seawater used for cooling ~83~.

High salinity of runoff destroys large swaths of ocean plant biomass.

IAEA 10 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Environmental Impact Assessment for Nuclear Desalination, http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_1642_web.pdf)

In addition to the construction impact that the discharge structures share as an issue with
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mortality rates that may occur after a certain species specific limit ~88~.

That causes ecosystem collapse

Worm 6 (Boris Worm,1* Edward B. Barbier,2 Nicola Beaumont,3 J. Emmett Duffy,4 Carl Folke,5,6 Benjamin S. Halpern,7 Jeremy B. C. Jackson,8,9 Heike K. Lotze,1 Fiorenza Micheli,10 Stephen R. Palumbi,10 Enric Sala,8 Kimberley A. Selkoe,7 John J. Stachowicz,11 Reg Watson12, 1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. 2Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. 3Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK. 4Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062–1346, USA. 5Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden. 6Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden. 7National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. 8Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conserva- tion, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093– 0202, USA. 9Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 2072 Balboa, Republic of Panama. 10Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. 11Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. 12Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4, Response to Comments on and#34;Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Servicesand#34;, http://wormlab.biology.dal.ca/ramweb/papers-total/Worm_etal_2007b.pdf)

What is the role and status of marine biodiversity in sustaining ocean eco- system
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recover on a large scale will thus depend on our collective societal choices.

Ocean ecosystem collapse causes extinction.

Craig 3 (Robin Kundis, Associate Professor of Law at the Indiana University School of Law, Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection? Fishing and Coral Reef Marine Reserves in Florida and Hawaii, McGeorge Law Review, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155)

Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they
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kill ourselves, and we will take most of the biosphere with us.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Appleton KS | Judge: John Lawson
same as wake 1ac

Tournament: Carrolton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alpharetta KM | Judge: Akash Gogate
same as rd 2

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 4 | Opponent: Johns Creek BD | Judge: Erik Mathis
took out terror, added a prolif card

Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Edgemont KX | Judge: Adam Smiley
same as wake 1ac

Tournament: Cites | Round: 1 | Opponent: aff | Judge:
mn.choi4@gmail.com for aff cites
It may take a day or two