Tournament: ToC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Reservoir SS | Judge: Tallungan
Contention 1 is Warming
Warming is real and anthropogenic – most recent data
Sato, et al 13 Makiko Sato is affiliated with the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and the Center for Climate Systems Research at Columbia University. AND Hansen, James E. Hansen heads the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City. He is also an adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University. Hansen is best known for his research in the field of climatology. In 1988, Hansen’s testimony before the US Senate was featured on the front page of the New York Times and helped raise broad awareness of global warming. Hansen’s work has inspired scientists and activists around the world to fight for climate change solutions. In recent years, Hansen has become an activist for action to mitigate the effects of climate change, which on several occasions has led to his arrest. In 2009 his book, Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth About the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity was published.Global Temperature Update Through 2012 15 January 2013 J. Hansen, M. Sato, R. Ruedyhttp://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2013/20130115_Temperature2012.pdf
Summary. Global surface temperature in 2012 was +0.56°C (1°F) warmer than the 1951-1980 … as the tropics moves inevitably into the next El Nino phase.
Most recent, comprehensive data prove a low threshold for the runaway greenhouse
Goldblatt 13 – PhD in Environmental Sciences, Research Associate, Virtual Planetary Laboratory and Astronomy Department @ U Washington
(Colin, et al., “Low simulated radiation limit for runaway greenhouse climates,” Nature Geoscience 6, 661–667, doi:10.1038/ngeo1892)
Here, we present the most complete study of the runaway greenhouse …insufficient: there are difficulties associated with radiative transfer, clouds and dynamics (with a major component being condensable), and no empirical comparison cases.
That runaway greenhouse guarantees destruction of all life on Earth
Brandenberg 99 – PhD, Physicist
(Dr. John, Physicist, Dead Mars, Dying Earth, p. 232-233)
The world goes on its merry way and fossil fuel use continues to power it.  … Earth becomes the second Mars – red, desolate, with perhaps a few hardy microbes surviving.
Our scenario is uniquely existential – warming is a threat multiplier
Ferris, 13 The Big Thaw, Elizabeth Ferris Co-Director, Brookings-LSE Project on Internal Displacement, 1/17, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/01/the-big-thaw
Global warming is occurring at a faster pace than predicted by scientists. … It can address the causes of future humanitarian crises and alleviate future human suffering. It can be a legacy issue for the Obama administration that will impact the world for generations.
The plan locks in quick, substantial greenhouse gas reductions – solves warming
EDF 13 (Environmental Defense Fund, “REDD+ is ready to help save the Earth's climate”, http://www.edf.org/climate/redd)
REDD+ policies will provide important economic incentives … elsewhere, including in neighboring forests.)
Emissions cause rapid extinction from ocean acidification
Romm 12 – physicist and climate expert, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress
(Joseph J., “Science: Ocean Acidifying so fast that it threatens humanity’s ability to feed itself”, 3/2/12; http://earthlawcenter.org/news/headline/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanitys-ability-to-feed-itself/)
The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions … “Once a species goes extinct it’s gone forever. We’re playing a very dangerous game.”
In combination, these environmental factors cause extinction
Ehrlich and Ehrlich 2013—Associate director of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University. Bing Professor of Population Studies in the department of Biological Sciences at Stanford University and president of Stanford's Center for Conservation Biology. Paul and Anne, “Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?”, http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1754/20122845.full#ref-1 

Environmental problems have contributed to numerous collapses of civilizations in the past. … the world familiar to anyone reading this study and the well-being of the vast majority of people would disappear.
War is obsolete – territorial divisions, interdependence, institutions, economics, and MAD guarantee coop
Deudney and Ikenberry 2009 -- Daniel Deudney is Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University and the author of Bounding Power: Republican Security Theory From the Polis to the Global Village. G. John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University, and the author of After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order After Major Wars. “The Myth of the Autocratic Revival: Why Liberal Democracy Will Prevail” Foreign Affairs)
This bleak outlook is based on an exaggeration of recent developments and ignores powerful countervailing factors and forces. … In fact, the conditions of the twenty-first century point to the renewed value of international integration and cooperation.¶ 

Contention 2 is Env. Pragmatism
Environmental destruction is a form of structural violence – allowing warming to continue perpetuates all inequalities  
Hoerner 8—Former director of Research at the Center for a Sustainable Economy, Director of Tax Policy at the Center for Global Change at the University of Maryland College Park, and editor of Natural Resources Tax Review. He has done research on environmental economics and policy on behalf of the governments of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Andrew received his B.A. in Economics from Cornell University and a J.D. from Case Western Reserve School of Law—AND—Nia Robins—former inaugural Climate Justice Corps Fellow in 2003, director of Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative (J. Andrew, “A Climate of Change African Americans, Global Warming, and a Just Climate Policy for the U.S.” July 2008, http://www.ejcc.org/climateofchange.pdf)

Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One of the most serious environmental threats facing the world today, climate change has moved from the minds of scientists and offices of environmentalists to the mainstream. Though the media is dominated by images of polar bears, melting glaciers, flooded lands, and arid desserts, there is a human face to this story as well. … would create over 430,000 jobs for African Americans by 2030, reducing the African American unemployment rate by 1.8 percentage points and raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent.
Reforestation is a symbolic hub for political resistance – creates sustainability
Nixon 11 - Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison
(Rob, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 130-135)
The Green Belt Movement's achievements in engaging the violence of deforestation and soil erosion flowed from three critical strategies, … Ultimately, Maathai saw in the culture of tree planting¶ a way of interrupting the cycle of poverty, a cycle whereby, as she put it, "poverty is both a cause and a symptom of environmental degradation"¶ (Pal 5).
The state is inevitable and an indispensable part of the solution to warming
Eckersley 4 Robyn, Reader/Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Melbourne, “The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty”, MIT Press, 2004, Google Books, pp. 3-8)

While acknowledging the basis for this antipathy toward the nation- state, and the limitations of state-centric analyses of global ecological degradation… offering "a timid two cheers for the old beast," at least as a potentially more significant ally in the green cause.17
Incrementalist solutions add up – no environmental solutions will occur without practical and governmental change
Hirokawa 2 – JD and LLM¶ Keith Hirokawa, JD @ UConn, L.L.M. in Environmental and Natural Resources Law, Lewis and Clark Law School, Northwestern School of Law of Lewis and Clark College, J.D., University of Connecticut, June 2002, Stanford Environmental Law Journal, 21 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 225

Under this reinterpretation of the public trust doctrine and its evolution, … environmental law and the alternative paradigms of environmental protection.
Even if we don’t control the levers of power, political simulation and institutional deliberation are valuable and motivate effective responses to climate risks
Marx et al 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf)

Based on the observation that experiential and analytic processing systems compete and that personal experience and vivid descriptions are often favored over statistical information, we suggest the following research and policy implications.¶ … The challenge is to find innovative and creative ways to engage both systems in the process of individual and group decision-making.
Specifically, students interrogating environmental issues is critical to developing sustainable solutions – Must also be coupled with policy advocacy in order to succeed
Cotgrave and Alkhaddar 6 – Alison Cotgrave has a PhD in Sustainability Literacy, she is currently the Deputy Director of the School of the Built Environment and a researcher in construction education, she is also a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, Rafid Alkhaddar has a PhD in Civil Engineering and currently teaches at the School of the Built Environment John Moores University in Liverpool as a Professor of Water and Environmental Engineering (March 2006, “Greening the Curricula within Construction Programmes,” Journal for Education in the Built Environment, Vol.1, Issue 1, March 2006 pp. 3-29, http://131.251.248.49/jebe/pdf/AlisonCotgrave1(1).pdf)

Environmental education  
Many writers have determined that the main aim of environmental education is … if we do not do everything we can to transform our political, economic and social systems into more sustainable structures, we might as well forget the educational part.
Public advocacy of climate solutions key to change governmental policy---individual change insufficient
CAG 10—Climate Change Communication Advisory Group. Dr Adam Corner School of Psychology, Cardiff University - Dr Tom Crompton Change Strategist, WWF-UK - Scott Davidson Programme Manager,  Global Action Plan - Richard Hawkins Senior Researcher,  Public Interest Research Centre - Professor Tim Kasser, Psychology department, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, USA.  - Dr Renee Lertzman, Center for Sustainable Processes and  Practices, Portland State University, US. - Peter Lipman, Policy Director, Sustrans. - Dr Irene Lorenzoni, Centre for Environmental Risk,  University of East Anglia. - George Marshall, Founding Director, Climate Outreach , Information Network - Dr Ciaran Mundy, Director, Transition Bristol - Dr Saffron O’Neil, Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, Australia.  - Professor Nick Pidgeon, Director, Understanding Risk Research Group, School of Psychology, Cardiff University. - Dr Anna Rabinovich, School of Psychology, University of Exeter - Rosemary Randall, Founder and director of Cambridge Carbon Footprint - Dr Lorraine Whitmarsh, School of Psychology, Cardiff University and Visiting Fellow at the, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. (Communicating climate change to mass public audience, http://pirc.info/downloads/communicating_climate_mass_audiences.pdf)
This short advisory paper collates a set of recommendations about how best to shape mass public communications aimed at increasing concern about climate change and motivating commensurate behavioural changes.¶ Its … Ockwell et al (2009) argued that communications can play a role in fostering demand for - as well as acceptance of - policy change. Climate change communication could (and should) be used to encourage people to demonstrate (for example through public demonstrations) about how they would like structural barriers to behavioural/societal change to be removed.
The plan prevents neoliberal forestry alternatives – Mexico is a counter-example that fights neoliberal concepts like individualism and right-pricing in favor of community forestry and comprehensive payments
McAfee and Shapiro 10 (Kathleen – Int’l Rel’s @ San Fran State, and Elizabeth – Enviro Pol. @ Berekely, “Payments for Ecosystem Services in Mexico: Nature, Neoliberalism, Social Movements, and the State”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(3) 2010, pp. 1–21, http://fds.duke.edu/db/attachment/2355)
As our typology of PES paradigms and the Mexico¶ case illustrate, the neoliberal PES narrative constructs¶ …-specific¶ socio-natures and alternate understandings of¶ sustainable development.
Our heuristic of institutional engagement solves a range of civic issues
Esberg and Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108

These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for high-level players as … and negotiate with others.13 Facts can change quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14
A strategy focused on broader claims of oppression and exploitation will never solve warming – our specific advocacy and the framing behind it are crucial to ensuring the success of all types of movements
Monbiot 8 George, English Writer and Environmental and Political Activist, 9-4, “Identity Politics in Climate Change Hell,” http://www.celsias.com/article/identity-politics-climate-change-hell/

If you want a glimpse of how the movement against climate change could crumble faster than a summer snowflake, read … from this urgent task into the identity politics that have wrecked so many movements.
The United States federal government should offer to economically engage the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation program in Mexico.

Contention 3 is Solvency
US assistance to Mexican REDD solves – existing programs are not targeted to appropriate countries for demonstration projects and fail to provide adequate funding
Wolosin 12 (Michael, Resources For the Future Program Assessment, “US Forest–Climate AssistanceAn Assessment”, http://www.rff.org/rff/documents/RFF-Rpt-Wolosin-ForestClimateAssistance.pdf)
Many of the elements are in place for the United States to successfully meet its REDD+ objectives.¶ … it might also be¶ considered for future direct REDD+ investments to execute forest and land-use strategies that result¶ from this process.
Plan spills over to developed countries and contributes models for overall improvements in environmental management outside of forestry
IRP 14 (Int’l Resource Panel of the UN Environmental Program, “BUILDING NATURAL CAPITAL: HOW REDD+ CAN SUPPORT A GREEN ECONOMY”, http://theredddesk.org/sites/default/files/ resources/pdf/irpbuildingnaturalcapitalthroughreddmarch2014.pdf)
While designed for developing countries, REDD+¶ can also provide important sustainable management¶ lessons for the …, a successfully implemented REDD+ would take its ¶ place as a key element in a Green Economy.
The aff’s financing jumpstarts REDD processes and the international environmental protection – finance is the linchpin of removing barriers
Pistorius and Schmitt 13 (Till and Christine, PhDs – Danish Environmental Ministry, “The Protection of Forests under Global Biodiversity and Climate Policies”, http://theredddesk.org/resources/protection-forests-under-global-biodiversity-and-climate-policies-policy-options-and-case)
In this context, non-state actors such as the multinational World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership (FCPF) or the UN-REDD Programme, … and the protracted climate negotiations, this opportunity is of relevance especially if an agreement is not reached.
This financing mechanism specifically spills over internationally – The plan prompts a race to funding and broad innovation

Pistorius and Schmitt 13 (Till and Christine, PhDs – Danish Environmental Ministry, “The Protection of Forests under Global Biodiversity and Climate Policies”, http://theredddesk.org/resources/protection-forests-under-global-biodiversity-and-climate-policies-policy-options-and-case)
On a general note, such non-binding institutions have been discussed extensively in academia in terms of their degree of authority in relation to action (e.g. HANDL et al. 1988, VICTOR 1997, KIRTON and TREBILCOCK 2004, SKJAERSETH et al. 2006). …, these will be broadly applied because more and more REDD+ providers seeking funding will ‘follow’ (PISTORIUS and REINECKE 2012).

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 3 | Opponent: CPS PF | Judge: Christian Rodriguez
Plan
The United States federal government should offer to implement reciprocal automatic exchange of information with Mexico as it pertains to money laundering.
Contention 1 is “The Financial Overhaul”
The recovery is spurious, and financial growth is unsustainable because of a lack of regulatory oversight – a changing paradigm is necessary to avoid complete collapse
Hay and Payne, 13 Colin, Professor of Political Analysis at the University of Sheffield. He studied Social and Political Science at Clare College, Cambridge University and moved to the Department of Sociology at Lancaster University to research his PhD under the supervision of Bob Jessop.1 He then worked at the University of Birmingham, where he was head of the Department of Political Science and International Studies between 2002 and 2005; Tony, Director of the Sheffield Political Economy Research Institute (SPERI). He joined the Department of Politics at the University of Sheffield in 1985 and was promoted to Professor in 1993. He was Chairman of the Department between 1992 and 1995 and again between 1998 and 2001. He was the Director of the Political Economy Research Centre (PERC) from 1996 to 1999 and Co-Director from 2002 to 2004. He was appointed Pro-Vice-Chancellor for the Social Sciences in June 2008. Available from Sheffield Political Economy Research Institute @ http://speri.dept.shef.ac.uk/2013/12/19/civic-capitalism-regulation-antidote-unstable-growth/, Accessed on 1/23/14, “‘Civic Capitalism’: regulation as the only antidote to unstable growth” | ADM
One of the most important lessons of the global financial crisis is that we got …; instead it entails, and must indeed be an integral part of, a transition to a new mode of development or growth for the British economy.
Specifically, the status quo regulatory framework allows the flow of illicit funds, which generates market volatility and instability
Laundering wrecks financial reputations, discourages investment, and devalues asset markets, making banking growth cyclical and guaranteeing eventual collapse
Banking is reported as resilient, but the lack of collapse doesn’t indicate stability – it means we’re due for another collapse soon
Sarigul, 13 Hasmet, Faculty of Management, Mevlana(Rumi) University, Turkey, International Journal of Business and Management Studies, pages 287–301, Accessed on 10/4/13, http://www.academia.edu/2201626/MONEY_LAUNDERING_AND_ABUSE_OF_THE_FINANCIAL_SYSTEM, “MONEY LAUNDERING AND ABUSE OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM” | ADM
There are some macroeconomic and microeconomic implications of money laundering … More generally, confidence in markets and in the efficiency- signaling role of profits is eroded by widespread insider trading, fraud, and embezzlement(Quirk, 1997:9).
Macroeconomic scholars agree financial stability is the controlling internal link to the economy – absent strong banks, growth is unsustainable
*Also answers banking resilient
Mishra et al, 13 Rabi N., Regional Director, Lucknow and Ms Dimple Bhandia and Mr. S. Majumdar are General Manager and Director in the Financial Stability Unit (FSU) of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), respectively. Technical guidance received from Dr. Balwant Singh, Consultant, FSU is gratefully acknowledged, cites IMF Working Paper “Can you map global Financial Stability?” (June 2010), 1/18, Accessed on 10/14, http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=14916, “Banking Stability - A Precursor to Financial Stability” | ADM
The recent financial crisis caused huge cost to the world economies and despite quite substantial research and analysis, … where the banking sector is in a stage of near crisis, to the high level of stability, when the banking sector is in tranquil.
The only solution is global tax transparency, which depends on the US taking the lead – the non-reciprocal agreement with Mexico is the only barrier
FATCA = Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
IGA = Intergovernmental Agreement
Reymond 13 Robert, Stikeman Elliott London partner specializing in Canadian and international tax law. Robert advises financial institutions and high-net-worth families on international wealth structuring, with a focus on tax and estate planning and the international regulatory environment, particularly for families in Canada, Latin America and Europe. He also advises on political risk mitigation strategies for international and in-country assets; on mergers and acquisitions in the trust and corporate service provider industries; and on Canadian transnational trust companies. Robert was the recipient of the International Law Office (ILO) Client Choice Award 2012 for Offshore Services for the UK. He is also recognized by Chambers Global's 2012 The World's Leading Lawyers for Business for his Private Client (UK) expertise, 5/2, http://www.stikeman.com/cps/rde/xchg/se-en/hs.xsl/17646.htm, “Global tax transparency?”
The global environment for tax transparency is changing at an unprecedented pace. … Will Latin American jurisdictions like Mexico, Argentina and Brazil be able to extract automatic information exchange arrangements from the Caribbean offshore financial centres?
the current intergovernmental agreement with Mexico doesn’t share American information – undermines multilateral tax transparency and wrecks the automatic exchange model
Christians, 12 Allison, H. Heward Stikeman Chair in the Law of Taxation at the McGill University Faculty of Law.  Her research and teaching focus on national and international tax law and policy issues, with emphasis on the relationship between taxation and economic development and on the role of government and non-government institutions and actors in the creation of tax policy norms, 12/12, http://taxpol.blogspot.com/2012/12/iga-flurry-shows-us-is-locking-down-on.html,Tax, Society, and Culture, “IGA flurry shows US is locking down on FATCA”
A recent flurry of signed IGAs and press releases on ongoing negotiations suggests the US is acting tremendously quickly and even brazenly on FATCA. … build its own private empire of information gathering. That's good to know.
A multilateral model for universal automatic exchange is necessary and sufficient to shut down global laundering operations
Grinberg, 13 Itai, Associate Professor of Law at Georgetown Law, B.A., Amherst College; J.D., Yale, Grinberg's research interests center on cross-border taxation, taxation and development, and U.S. tax policy. Professor Grinberg joined the faculty from the Office of International Tax Counsel at the Department of the Treasury. At Treasury, he represented the United States on tax matters in multilateral settings, negotiated tax treaties with foreign sovereigns, had responsibility for a wide-ranging group of cross-border tax regulations, and was involved in international tax legislative developments. Prior to joining Treasury, he practiced tax law at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom LLP, where he focused on a wide range of international tax controversy and planning matters. In 2005, Professor Grinberg served as Counsel to the President's Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform, 7/21, Accessed on 10/15/13, “Taxing Capital Income in Emerging Countries: Will FATCA Open the Door?” | ADM
Internationally, automatic information reporting now has substantial momentum, … in bilateral negotiations, and on the multilateral stage to promote the creation of a uniform regime.
only automatic exchange can achieve multilateral tax transparency and shut down money laundering
Economist 13 The Economist, Special Report, 2/16, Accessed on 10/15/13, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response, “Automatic response” | ADM
To tax-freedom advocates like Mr Mitchell, one of the most infuriating aspects of this perceived imperialism is the complete overhaul … Some have been closed through amendments, more of which are proposed, but gaps will remain.
Sustained economic growth is good - it solves all major world problems
Silk, Econ Professor at Pace, ’93 (Leonard, Winter, “Dangers of Slow Growth” Foreign Affairs, Vol 72 No 1, p 173-174)
In the absence of such shifts of human and capital resources to expanding civilian industries, … national and collective security, a healthier environment, and more liberal and open economies and societies.
Conflict is down now because of the aff’s global economic model – only a risk that alternative approaches disrupt international systems promoting this trend
Gleditsch, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute, 08
(The Liberal Moment Fifteen Years On, International Studies Quarterly, 52, 691–712)
Judging the long-term development of massacres and wars becomes even more difficult when we move to the pre-historical period. … The growth of the liberal factors, with a partial exception for democracy, is more consistent with the long-term decline in the lethality of war.
And collapse is bad – economic decline and volatility heightens the risk of nuclear global conflict—multiple scenarios
Burrows and Harris - Counselor in the National Intelligence Council, Member at the National Intelligence Council - 2009 (Mathew J. Burrows, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World—an unclassified report by the NIC published every four years that projects trends over a 15-year period, has served in the Central Intelligence Agency since 1986, holds a Ph.D. in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, Member of the Long Range Analysis Unit at the National Intelligence Council, holds an M.Phil. in International Relations from Oxford University and a J.D. from Yale University, 2009 (“Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 32, Issue 2, April, Available Online at http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf, Accessed 08-22-2011, p. 35-37)
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is likely to be the result of a number of intersecting and interlocking forces. … is likely to be increasingly difficult both within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Broad statistical models prove the impact
Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ‘10 Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict. … This implied connection between integration, crises and armed conflict has not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
US economic collapse leads to great power wars between the US, Russia, and China
Friedberg ‘9 (Aaron Friedberg and Gabriel Schoenfeld, Professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School, Visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, Senior editor of Commentary, The Dangers of a Diminished America, Accessed Online at the WSJ)

If America now tries to pull back from the world stage, it will leave a dangerous power vacuum. … India is still in the early stages of its emergence as a world economic and geopolitical power.
Alternatives to growth kill hundreds of millions and cause global conflict—we can’t “turn off” the economy.
Barnhizer 6 — David R. Barnhizer, Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, 2006 (“Waking from Sustainability's "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review (18 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 595), Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
The scale of social needs, including the need for expanded productive activity, has grown … mitigating the most destructive consequences of our behavior.
Scarcity is inevitable – market rationality is necessary to prevent financial collapse, inequality, and societal destruction
Bills, ’13 Forbes contributor, degree in economics, high school economics teacher (Kurt Bills, 18 April 2013, Forbes, “We're All Economists Now: Scarcity Lessons For High School Students,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbills/2013/04/18/were-all-economists-now-scarcity-lessons-for-high-school-students/)//CC
The reality is that we are all economists. We all deal with scarcity as we make choices and calculate … As a student many years ago said, “Mr. Bills, there are lots of parts of life that relate to economics.” It’s all Econ.
Independently, illicit financial flows undermine economic justice by exacerbating inequality and the global North-South divide – transparency allows governments to mobilize resources for critical services like education and healthcare
Baker, 13 Raymond, businessman, scholar, author, and "authority on financial crime." He is the president of Global Financial Integrity, a research and advocacy organization in Washington, DC working to curtail illicit financial flows, graduate of Harvard Business School, guest scholar at the Brookings Institution and Senior Fellow at the Center for International Policy, author of "Capitalism’s Achilles Heel: Dirty Money and How to Renew the Free-Market System,” internationally respected authority on corruption, money laundering, growth, and foreign policy issues, member of the World Economic Forum's Council on Illicit Trade, 4/30, Accessed on 10/25/13, http://www.trust.org/item/20130430114538-5y8aj/, Thomson Reuters Foundation, “Curtailing Illicit Financial Flows a Human Rights Imperative” | ADM
WASHINGTON - Illicit financial flows are a key issue impacting economic justice and human rights. … itself a champion of human rights, curtailing illicit outflows needs to be high on its agenda.¶
Economic inequality is massive and represents the primary cause of structural violence – a global financial overhaul alleviates inequality and makes globalization benign
Ho, 07 Kathleen, pursuing her MA degree in Human Rights at the University of Essex under a Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarship. She received her undergraduate degree in Comparative Literature and International Studies at Northwestern University. After her undergraduate degree she travelled to China on a Princeton-in-Asia Fellowship to teach oral English and English writing at the Zhejiang University of Technology. After her MA degree she will begin her law degree at the University of Virginia, citing Thomas Pogge, German philosopher and is the Director of the Global Justice Program and Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs at Yale University. In addition to his Yale appointment, he is the Research Director of the Centre for the Study of the Mind in Nature at the University of Oslo, a Professorial Research Fellow at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University and Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire's Centre for Professional Ethics, editor for social and political philosophy for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, September, Accessed on 12/23/13, http://projects.essex.ac.uk/ehrr/V4N2/ho.pdf, Essex Human Rights Review, “Structural Violence as a Human Rights Violation” | ADM
So far, this essay has established the nature of structures and a theory asserting that power ¶ inequalities are built … rather, he conceives of poverty as a non- fulfillment of basic human rights where inadequate command over economic resources are involved. 29
Contention 2 is Laundering
The Mexican IGA is the litmus test for all other IGAs; its successful resolution triggers an avalanche of other IGAs to be signed
McIntyre 09 Professor of Law, Wayne State University, Former member and interim chair of the U.N. Subcommitte on Information Exchange; Michael, Tax Notes International, “How to End  the Charade of Information Exchange,” Volume 56, Number 4, http://faculty.law.wayne.edu/mcintyre/text/mcintyre_articles/Treaties/charade_56TNI.pdf

Mexico surely understands that an agreement for automatic exchange with the United States will induce Mexican tax cheats, … requests for information on the QI investments of their residents, the Mexican rock down the hill may trigger an avalanche.
IGAs solve international illicit money flows – immediate action is needed
Gascoigne 10/15 October 15, 2013; http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/659/72/; Reaction: Government Shutdown Delays Automatic Tax Information Sharing; Clark Gascoigne is for the GFI;  AKAY 47

One of the biggest advancements in curtailing illicit financial flows to date is the US Foreign Account … And while government officials wait, illicit money continues to flow.
Malaysian IFFs are increasing and generate political and economic instability – only international transparency solves
Malaysiakini 11 http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/153932; Cites the Global Financial Integrity Report, Malysiakini=news site for Malaysia winner of the Putra Brand Awards in 2010; Jan. 20, 2011  AKAY 47

Malaysia is among the countries which registered the highest illicit financial outflows over a period … reducing the outflow of illicit money from developing countries.”
Malaysian stability is key to the independence and effectiveness of the ASEAN and avoiding foreign dominance in Southeast Asia
Saravanamuttu 12 November 2012; http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR015/SR015-SEAsia-Saravanamuttu-.pdf; Malaysia in the New Geopolitics of Southeast Asia; Johan Saravanamuttu is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore and was formerly professor of political science at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) in Penang where he served as Dean of the School of Social Sciences  AKAY 47
Every era creates new parameters for political actors in international relations. Malaysia, as … and Southeast Asia’s own ‘pivot’ for its relationships with outside actors and powers.
ASEAN stability and effectiveness is necessary to sustain global peace and progress – World War III is the alternative
Rajaratnam ‘92 S, Former minister of foreign affairs for Singapore, “ASEAN: The Way Ahead”, 9-1, http://www.aseansec.org/13991.htm
We don’t endorse gendered language.
Should regionalism collapse, then ASEAN too will go the way of earlier regional attempts like SEATO, … World War III, should it ever be unleashed, would be the last war mankind will ever fight.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wakeland | Judge: Jon Voss

Contention 1 is The Financial Overhaul

The global environment for tax transparency is moving fast and the United States FATCA is the model – the only barrier is the non-reciprocal agreement with Mexico

FATCA = Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
IGA = Intergovernmental Agreement
Reymond 13 Robert, Stikeman Elliott London partner specializing in Canadian and international tax law. Robert advises financial institutions and high-net-worth families on international wealth structuring, with a focus on tax and estate planning and the international regulatory environment, particularly for families in Canada, Latin America and Europe. He also advises on political risk mitigation strategies for international and in-country assets; on mergers and acquisitions in the trust and corporate service provider industries; and on Canadian transnational trust companies. Robert was the recipient of the International Law Office (ILO) Client Choice Award 2012 for Offshore Services for the UK. He is also recognized by Chambers Global’s 2012 The World’s Leading Lawyers for Business for his Private Client (UK) expertise, 5/2, http://www.stikeman.com/cps/rde/xchg/se-en/hs.xsl/17646.htm, "Global tax transparency?"
The global environment for tax transparency is changing at an unprecedented pace. In parallel
AND
able to extract automatic information exchange arrangements from the Caribbean offshore financial centres?

Specifically, the current agreement with Mexico doesn’t share American information – undermines multilateral tax transparency and wrecks the automatic exchange model

Christians 12 Allison, H. Heward Stikeman Chair in the Law of Taxation at the McGill University Faculty of Law.  Her research and teaching focus on national and international tax law and policy issues, with emphasis on the relationship between taxation and economic development and on the role of government and non-government institutions and actors in the creation of tax policy norms, 12/12, http://taxpol.blogspot.com/2012/12/iga-flurry-shows-us-is-locking-down-on.html,Tax, Society, 26 Culture, "IGA flurry shows US is locking down on FATCA"
A recent flurry of signed IGAs and press releases on ongoing negotiations suggests the US
AND
build its own private empire of information gathering. That’s good to know.

The US has only negotiated self-serving, unilateral agreements – the aff establishes and upholds a multilateral model for universal automatic exchange, which is necessary to shut down global laundering operations

Grinberg, 13 Itai, Associate Professor of Law at Georgetown Law, B.
AND
Capital Income in Emerging Countries: Will FATCA Open the Door?" | ADM
Internationally, automatic information reporting now has substantial momentum, largely as a result of
AND
and on the multilateral stage to promote the creation of a uniform regime. 

The plan is necessary and sufficient – only the automatic exchange model can achieve multilateral tax transparency and shut down money laundering

Economist 13 The Economist, Special Report, 2/16, Accessed on 10/15/13, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response, "Automatic response" | ADM
To tax-freedom advocates like Mr Mitchell, one of the most infuriating aspects
AND
through amendments, more of which are proposed, but gaps will remain.

Money laundering undermines global financial stability – wrecks financial reputations, discourages investment, and devalues asset markets

Sarigul, 13 Hasmet, Faculty of Management, Mevlana(Rumi) University, Turkey, International Journal of Business and Management Studies, pages 287–301, Accessed on 10/4/13, http://www.academia.edu/2201626/MONEY_LAUNDERING_AND_ABUSE_OF_THE_FINANCIAL_SYSTEM, "MONEY LAUNDERING AND ABUSE OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM" | ADM
There are some macroeconomic and microeconomic implications of money laundering which corrupt financial and legal
AND
insider trading, fraud, and embezzlement(Quirk, 1997:9).

Specifically, drug money laundering through American financial institutions undermines the credibility, legitimacy, and stability of the financial system – the plan’s crack-down on laundering solves

Johnson, 13 Simon, professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management as well as a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, is co-author of "White House Burning: The Founding Fathers, Our National Debt, and Why It Matters to You," 3/31, Accessed on 10/4/13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-31/money-laundering-banks-still-get-a-pass-from-u-s-.html, "Money-Laundering Banks Still Get a Pass From U.S." | ADM
Money laundering by large international banks has reached epidemic proportions, and U.S
AND
a grand scale and over many years — there are no meaningful consequences.

Macroeconomic scholars agree financial stability is the controlling internal link to the economy – strong banks protect the economy from external and internal shocks

*Also answers banking resilient
Mishra et al, 13 Rabi N., Regional Director, Lucknow and Ms Dimple Bhandia and Mr. S. Majumdar are General Manager and Director in the Financial Stability Unit (FSU) of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), respectively. Technical guidance received from Dr. Balwant Singh, Consultant, FSU is gratefully acknowledged, cites IMF Working Paper "Can you map global Financial Stability?" (June 2010), 1/18, Accessed on 10/14, http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=14916, "Banking Stability - A Precursor to Financial Stability" | ADM
The recent financial crisis caused huge cost to the world economies and despite quite substantial
AND
the high level of stability, when the banking sector is in tranquil.

Economic decline and volatility heightens the risk of nuclear global conflict—multiple scenarios

Burrows and Harris - Counselor in the National Intelligence Council, Member at the National Intelligence Council - 2009 (Mathew J. Burrows, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World—an unclassified report by the NIC published every four years that projects trends over a 15-year period, has served in the Central Intelligence Agency since 1986, holds a Ph.D. in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, Member of the Long Range Analysis Unit at the National Intelligence Council, holds an M.Phil. in International Relations from Oxford University and a J.D. from Yale University, 2009 ("Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis," The Washington Quarterly, Volume 32, Issue 2, April, Available Online at http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf, Accessed 08-22-2011, p. 35-37)
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is likely to be the result of a number of intersecting and interlocking forces. With so many possible permutations of outcomes, each with ample ~end page 35~ opportunity for unintended consequences, there is a growing sense of insecurity.
Even so, history may be more instructive than ever. While we continue to
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Broad statistical models prove the impact

Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ’10 ~Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215~
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. 

US economic collapse leads to great power wars between the US, Russia, and China

Friedberg ’9 (Aaron Friedberg and Gabriel Schoenfeld, Professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School, Visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, Senior editor of Commentary, The Dangers of a Diminished America, Accessed Online at the WSJ)

If America now tries to pull back from the world stage, it will leave
AND
the early stages of its emergence as a world economic and geopolitical power.

Alternatives to growth kill hundreds of millions and cause global conflict—we can’t "turn off" the economy.

Barnhizer 6 — David R. Barnhizer, Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, 2006 ("Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review (18 Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev. 595), Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
Devotees of sustainability pin their hopes on an awakening by an enlightened populace that will
AND
to the dictates of the powerful systems that govern our lives and culture.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kinkaid RB | Judge: Stephanie Garrett

1AC IFFs

Plan

The United States federal government should offer to implement reciprocal automatic exchange of information with Mexico as it pertains to money laundering.

Contention 1 is the Economy

Two internal links:
First is the Mexican Economy –
Illicit financial flows diminish funds for economic development and effective governance – undermines stability and the economy

Corchado 12 - Mexico bureau chief @ Dallas Morning News (Alfredo, “Exclusive: Mexico pays heavy price for tax evasion, report finds”, 29 January 2012, Dallas Morning News, http://www.dallasnews.com/news/nationworld/mexico/20120128-exclusive-mexico-pays-heavy-price-for-tax-evasion-report-finds.ece  AKAY 47)
In a nation with nearly half the population …Problems like tax evasion cripple a government, despite good intentions to be effective.”  

These flows undermine investor confidence and the peso – spills over to the rest of the economy

Kar, 12 Dev, formerly a Senior Economist at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), is Lead Economist at Global Financial Integrity (GFI) at the Center for International Policy (CIP), January, GFI, support from Ford Foundation, Accessed on 8/25/13, http://www.gfintegrity.org/storage/gfip/documents/reports/mexico/gfi_mexico_report_english-web.pdf, “Mexico: Illicit Financial Flows, Macroeconomic Imbalances, and the Underground Economy” | ADM
Using graphical analysis, we illustrate how illicit financial flows,… economy in that each drove the other. 

The US economy is dependent on Mexican competitiveness

Lee and Wilson, 12 Erik, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University, and Chris, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, “Working Paper Series on the State of the U.S.-Mexico Border,” Wilson Center, June, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/State_of_Border_Trade_Economy_0.pdf, “The State of Trade, Competitiveness and Economic Well-being in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region,” ADM
The quantity of U.S.-Mexico trade is… from key states such as Sinaloa and Michoacán. 

Second is Financial Stability –
Money laundering undermines global financial stability – wrecks financial reputations, discourages investment, and devalues asset markets

Sarigul, 13 Hasmet, Faculty of Management, Mevlana(Rumi) University, Turkey, International Journal of Business and Management Studies, pages 287–301, Accessed on 10/4/13, http://www.academia.edu/2201626/MONEY_LAUNDERING_AND_ABUSE_OF_THE_FINANCIAL_SYSTEM, “MONEY LAUNDERING AND ABUSE OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM” | ADM
There are some macroeconomic …eroded by widespread insider trading, fraud, and embezzlement(Quirk, 1997:9).

Economic decline and volatility heightens the risk of nuclear global conflict—multiple scenarios

Burrows and Harris - Counselor in the National Intelligence Council, Member at the National Intelligence Council - 2009 (Mathew J. Burrows, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World—an unclassified report by the NIC published every four years that projects trends over a 15-year period, has served in the Central Intelligence Agency since 1986, holds a Ph.D. in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, Member of the Long Range Analysis Unit at the National Intelligence Council, holds an M.Phil. in International Relations from Oxford University and a J.D. from Yale University, 2009 (“Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis,” The Washington Quarterly, Volume 32, Issue 2, April, Available Online at http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf, Accessed 08-22-2011, p. 35-37)
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is likely to be the result of a number of intersecting and interlocking forces. With so many possible permutations of outcomes, each with ample end page 35 opportunity for unintended consequences, there is a growing sense of insecurity.
Even so, history may be more instructive than …and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Broad statistical models prove the impact

Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ‘10 Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic …prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. 

US economic collapse leads to great power wars between the US, Russia, and China

Friedberg ‘9 (Aaron Friedberg and Gabriel Schoenfeld, Professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School, Visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, Senior editor of Commentary, The Dangers of a Diminished America, Accessed Online at the WSJ)
If America now tries to pull back from …of its emergence as a world economic and geopolitical power.

Alternatives to growth kill hundreds of millions and cause global conflict—we can’t “turn off” the economy.

Barnhizer 6 — David R. Barnhizer, Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, 2006 (“Waking from Sustainability's "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review (18 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 595), Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
Devotees of sustainability pin their hopes …the powerful systems that govern our lives and culture.

Contention 2 is the Drug Trade

Drug cartels rely on trade mispricing and illicit flows to launder profits – that poses a major national security risk and exacerbates all social ills

Gascoigne, 12 Clark, Communications Director at Global Financial Integrity, Washington, DC-based research and advocacy organization which promotes transparency in the international financial system, Accessed on 9/5/13, http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/493/, “Mexico Hemorrhages US$872 Billion to Crime, Corruption, Tax Evasion from 1970-2010” | ADM
While the report cannot specifically breakdown …issues would curtail a number of societal ills.”
Plan is necessary and sufficient – only the plan can shift us away from a failed, violent strategy
Carlsen 11 Laura Carlsen; http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/4232; Why Mexico’s War on Drugs is Unwinnable; Latin America Rights Expert for Center for International Policy
In Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, a …financial flows—even when it affects powerful interests.

Continued drug trafficking leads to instability –
First, security – spills over to regional instability, provokes hostility toward the US, and forces massive migrations

DTO = drug trafficking organization
Shirk, 11 David A., Director of the Justice in Mexico Project and Associate Professor in the Political Science Department at the University of San Diego, Director of the Trans-Border Institute at University of San Diego, Ph.D. in Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, March, Council on Foreign Relations, Accessed on 9/4/13, “The Drug War in Mexico – Confronting a Shared Threat” | ADM

Third, Mexican stability serves …regional security frameworks for the transnational challenges of the post–Cold War era.

Third, violence – a violent anti-drug strategy fuels the cartels and turns Mexico into a narco-state by 2014
Hari 09 Johann Hari; http://www.huffingtonpost.com/johann-hari/obama-must-end-the-war-on_b_165785.html; Obama Must End the War on Drugs -- or Mexico and Afghanistan Will Collapse; February 10, 2009; Columnist for the London Independent on foreign affair issues
Obama Must End the War on …has brought the Taliban back to life.

Instability leads to extinction – generates conflict, leads to failed states, and exacerbates all of the root causes of conflict

Manwaring ‘5,
(General Douglas MacArthur Chair and Prof of Military Strategy @ U.S. Army War College, Ret U.S. Army Colonel, Adjunct Professor of International Politics @ Dickinson College (Max G, October, Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare”, Strategic Studies Institute, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB628.pdf)
At the same time, President Chávez’s …problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.

Contention 3 is Model IGAs

Two internal links -
First is reciprocal IGAs - The current intergovernmental agreement with Mexico is not reciprocal – undermines multilateral tax transparency and wrecks the automatic exchange model

Christians 12 Allison, H. Heward Stikeman Chair in the Law of Taxation at the McGill University Faculty of Law.  Her research and teaching focus on national and international tax law and policy issues, with emphasis on the relationship between taxation and economic development and on the role of government and non-government institutions and actors in the creation of tax policy norms, 12/12, http://taxpol.blogspot.com/2012/12/iga-flurry-shows-us-is-locking-down-on.html,Tax, Society, and Culture, “IGA flurry shows US is locking down on FATCA”  AKAY 47
A recent flurry of signed IGAs…information gathering. That's good to know.

The Mexican IGA is the litmus test for all other IGAs; its successful resolution triggers an avalanche of other IGAs to be signed

McIntyre 09 Professor of Law, Wayne State University, Former member and interim chair of the U.N. Subcommitte on Information Exchange; Michael, Tax Notes International, “How to End  the Charade of Information Exchange,” Volume 56, Number 4, http://faculty.law.wayne.edu/mcintyre/text/mcintyre_articles/Treaties/charade_56TNI.pdf  AKAY 47
Mexico surely understands that an ….rock down the hill may trigger an avalanche.

IGAs are on balance the best way to solve illicit money flows – immediate action is needed

Gascoigne 10/15 October 15, 2013; http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/659/72/; Reaction: Government Shutdown Delays Automatic Tax Information Sharing; Clark Gascoigne is for the GFI;  AKAY 47
One of the biggest advancements in curtailing…illicit money continues to flow.

Second is automatic exchange - global tax transparency is coming now and the US is the model – only the automatic exchange model can achieve tax transparency and shut down money laundering

Economist 13 The Economist, Special Report, 2/16, Accessed on 10/15/13, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response, “Automatic response” | ADM
To tax-freedom advocates like Mr Mitchell, …more of which are proposed, but gaps will remain.

Global tax transparency using AEI is on balance the best way to solve IFFs

Kar and Freitas 13 February 2013; http://russia.gfintegrity.org/Russia_Illicit_Financial_Flows_and_the_Role_of_the_Underground_Economy-Web.pdf; Russia: Illicit Financial Flows and the Role of the Underground Economy; Members of GFI  AKAY 47
A significant component of illicit financial flows …current OECD “upon request” proposal which only help tax evaders cheat on taxes due. 

Malaysian IFFs are large and increasing – increases corruption, crime, and inequality

Gan 12 December 18, 2012; http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/216889; M'sia is world's No 2 in illegal capital flight; Writer for Malaysiakini; Malysiakini=news site for Malaysia winner of the Putra Brand Awards in 2010  AKAY 47
Close to RM200 billion of dirty money was …saying that it would provide an explanation on the findings.

This generates political and economic instability in Maylasia – only international transparency solves

Malaysiakini 11 http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/153932; Cites the Global Financial Integrity Report, Malysiakini=news site for Malaysia winner of the Putra Brand Awards in 2010; Jan. 20, 2011  AKAY 47
Malaysia is among the countries …money from developing countries.”

Malaysian stability is key to the independence and effectiveness of the ASEAN and avoiding foreign dominance in Southeast Asia

Saravanamuttu 12 November 2012; http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR015/SR015-SEAsia-Saravanamuttu-.pdf; Malaysia in the New Geopolitics of Southeast Asia; Johan Saravanamuttu is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore and was formerly professor of political science at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) in Penang where he served as Dean of the School of Social Sciences  AKAY 47
Every era creates new parameters …for its relationships with outside actors and powers.

ASEAN stability and effectiveness is necessary to sustain global peace and progress – World War III is the alternative

Rajaratnam ‘92 S, Former minister of foreign affairs for Singapore, “ASEAN: The Way Ahead”, 9-1, http://www.aseansec.org/13991.htm
We don’t endorse gendered language.
Should regionalism collapse, then ASEAN too…World War III, should it ever be unleashed, would be the last war mankind will ever fight.

Mexico says yes – plan solves implementation barriers and eliminates the root causes of instability

Lowe 12 June 12, 2012; Illicit funds from Mexico find safe haven in U.S.; Economic reporter for CNN; http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/12/opinion/lowe-mexico-illicit-funds-u-s-
Evidence in the report suggests …low-cost option available to us in this fight.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wakeland DK | Judge: Jon Voss
Contention 1 is The Financial Overhaul

The global environment for tax transparency is moving fast and the United States FATCA is the model – the only barrier is the non-reciprocal agreement with Mexico
FATCA = Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
IGA = Intergovernmental Agreement
Reymond 13 Robert, Stikeman Elliott London partner specializing in Canadian and international tax law. Robert advises financial institutions and high-net-worth families on international wealth structuring, with a focus on tax and estate planning and the international regulatory environment, particularly for families in Canada, Latin America and Europe. He also advises on political risk mitigation strategies for international and in-country assets; on mergers and acquisitions in the trust and corporate service provider industries; and on Canadian transnational trust companies. Robert was the recipient of the International Law Office (ILO) Client Choice Award 2012 for Offshore Services for the UK. He is also recognized by Chambers Global’s 2012 The World’s Leading Lawyers for Business for his Private Client (UK) expertise, 5/2, http://www.stikeman.com/cps/rde/xchg/se-en/hs.xsl/17646.htm, "Global tax transparency?"
The global environment for tax transparency is changing at an unprecedented pace. In parallel
AND
able to extract automatic information exchange arrangements from the Caribbean offshore financial centres?

Specifically, the current agreement with Mexico doesn’t share American information – undermines multilateral tax transparency and wrecks the automatic exchange model
Christians 12 Allison, H. Heward Stikeman Chair in the Law of Taxation at the McGill University Faculty of Law.  Her research and teaching focus on national and international tax law and policy issues, with emphasis on the relationship between taxation and economic development and on the role of government and non-government institutions and actors in the creation of tax policy norms, 12/12, http://taxpol.blogspot.com/2012/12/iga-flurry-shows-us-is-locking-down-on.html,Tax, Society, 26 Culture, "IGA flurry shows US is locking down on FATCA"
A recent flurry of signed IGAs and press releases on ongoing negotiations suggests the US
AND
build its own private empire of information gathering. That’s good to know.

The US has only negotiated self-serving, unilateral agreements – the aff establishes and upholds a multilateral model for universal automatic exchange, which is necessary to shut down global laundering operations
Grinberg, 13 Itai, Associate Professor of Law at Georgetown Law, B.
AND
Capital Income in Emerging Countries: Will FATCA Open the Door?" | ADM
Internationally, automatic information reporting now has substantial momentum, largely as a result of
AND
and on the multilateral stage to promote the creation of a uniform regime. 

The plan is necessary and sufficient – only the automatic exchange model can achieve multilateral tax transparency and shut down money laundering
Economist 13 The Economist, Special Report, 2/16, Accessed on 10/15/13, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response, "Automatic response" | ADM
To tax-freedom advocates like Mr Mitchell, one of the most infuriating aspects
AND
through amendments, more of which are proposed, but gaps will remain.

Money laundering undermines global financial stability – wrecks financial reputations, discourages investment, and devalues asset markets
Sarigul, 13 Hasmet, Faculty of Management, Mevlana(Rumi) University, Turkey, International Journal of Business and Management Studies, pages 287–301, Accessed on 10/4/13, http://www.academia.edu/2201626/MONEY_LAUNDERING_AND_ABUSE_OF_THE_FINANCIAL_SYSTEM, "MONEY LAUNDERING AND ABUSE OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM" | ADM
There are some macroeconomic and microeconomic implications of money laundering which corrupt financial and legal
AND
insider trading, fraud, and embezzlement(Quirk, 1997:9).

Specifically, drug money laundering through American financial institutions undermines the credibility, legitimacy, and stability of the financial system – the plan’s crack-down on laundering solves
Johnson, 13 Simon, professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management as well as a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, is co-author of "White House Burning: The Founding Fathers, Our National Debt, and Why It Matters to You," 3/31, Accessed on 10/4/13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-31/money-laundering-banks-still-get-a-pass-from-u-s-.html, "Money-Laundering Banks Still Get a Pass From U.S." | ADM
Money laundering by large international banks has reached epidemic proportions, and U.S
AND
a grand scale and over many years — there are no meaningful consequences.

Macroeconomic scholars agree financial stability is the controlling internal link to the economy – strong banks protect the economy from external and internal shocks
*Also answers banking resilient
Mishra et al, 13 Rabi N., Regional Director, Lucknow and Ms Dimple Bhandia and Mr. S. Majumdar are General Manager and Director in the Financial Stability Unit (FSU) of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), respectively. Technical guidance received from Dr. Balwant Singh, Consultant, FSU is gratefully acknowledged, cites IMF Working Paper "Can you map global Financial Stability?" (June 2010), 1/18, Accessed on 10/14, http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=14916, "Banking Stability - A Precursor to Financial Stability" | ADM
The recent financial crisis caused huge cost to the world economies and despite quite substantial
AND
the high level of stability, when the banking sector is in tranquil.

Economic decline and volatility heightens the risk of nuclear global conflict—multiple scenarios
Burrows and Harris - Counselor in the National Intelligence Council, Member at the National Intelligence Council - 2009 (Mathew J. Burrows, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World—an unclassified report by the NIC published every four years that projects trends over a 15-year period, has served in the Central Intelligence Agency since 1986, holds a Ph.D. in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, Member of the Long Range Analysis Unit at the National Intelligence Council, holds an M.Phil. in International Relations from Oxford University and a J.D. from Yale University, 2009 ("Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis," The Washington Quarterly, Volume 32, Issue 2, April, Available Online at http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf, Accessed 08-22-2011, p. 35-37)
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is likely to be the result of a number of intersecting and interlocking forces. With so many possible permutations of outcomes, each with ample end page 35 opportunity for unintended consequences, there is a growing sense of insecurity.
Even so, history may be more instructive than ever. While we continue to
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Broad statistical models prove the impact
Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ’10 Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises", Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. 

US economic collapse leads to great power wars between the US, Russia, and China
Friedberg ’9 (Aaron Friedberg and Gabriel Schoenfeld, Professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School, Visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, Senior editor of Commentary, The Dangers of a Diminished America, Accessed Online at the WSJ)

If America now tries to pull back from the world stage, it will leave
AND
the early stages of its emergence as a world economic and geopolitical power.

Alternatives to growth kill hundreds of millions and cause global conflict—we can’t "turn off" the economy.
Barnhizer 6 — David R. Barnhizer, Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, 2006 ("Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review (18 Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev. 595), Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
Devotees of sustainability pin their hopes on an awakening by an enlightened populace that will
AND
to the dictates of the powerful systems that govern our lives and culture.

Contention 2 is the Drug Trade
Drug cartels rely on trade mispricing and illicit flows to launder profits – that poses a major national security risk and exacerbates all social ills
Gascoigne, 12 Clark, Communications Director at Global Financial Integrity, Washington, DC-based research and advocacy organization which promotes transparency in the international financial system, Accessed on 9/5/13, http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/493/-http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/493/, and#34;Mexico Hemorrhages US24872 Billion to Crime, Corruption, Tax Evasion from 1970-2010and#34; | ADM
While the report cannot specifically breakdown into which jurisdictions illicit outflows from Mexico are deposited
AND
Taking steps to address these issues would curtail a number of societal ills.and#34;

Plan is necessary and sufficient – only the plan can shift us away from a failed, violent strategy
Carlsen 11 Laura Carlsen; http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/4232-http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/4232; Why Mexico’s War on Drugs is Unwinnable; Latin America Rights Expert for Center for International Policy

In Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, a student peace protester is gunned down by the
AND
cracking down on illicit financial flows—even when it affects powerful interests.

Continued drug trafficking leads to instability –
First, security – spills over to regional instability, provokes hostility toward the US, and forces massive migrations
DTO = drug trafficking organization
Shirk, 11 David A., Director of the Justice in Mexico Project and Associate Professor in the Political Science Department at the University of San Diego, Director of the Trans-Border Institute at University of San Diego, Ph.D. in Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, March, Council on Foreign Relations, Accessed on 9/4/13, and#34;The Drug War in Mexico – Confronting a Shared Threatand#34; | ADM
Third, Mexican stability serves as an important anchor for the region. With networks
AND
security frameworks for the transnational challenges of the post–Cold War era.

Second, relations – continued drug war violence undermines regional relations – politics and public opinion
Simon, 13 Scott, npr Weekend Edition host, interview with David Shirk, Director of the Justice in Mexico Project and Associate Professor in the Political Science Department at the University of San Diego, Director of the Trans-Border Institute at University of San Diego, Ph.D. in Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, 3/4, Accessed on 9/5/13, http://www.npr.org/2013/05/04/181053775/u-s-mexico-relations-complicated-conditioned-by-drug-war-http://www.npr.org/2013/05/04/181053775/u-s-mexico-relations-complicated-conditioned-by-drug-war, and#34;U.S.-Mexico Relations Complicated, Conditioned By Drug Warand#34; | ADM
In many ways, the relationship between the U.S. and Mexico is
AND
back to business as usual and we can get on with our lives.

Specifically, the continuation of a violent anti-drug strategy devastates Latin American relations – alternative strategies like the plan solve
Shifter ’12
(Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American Studies at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and writes for the Council’s journal Foreign Affairs. He serves as the President of Inter-American Dialogue. and#34;Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America,and#34; April, IAD Policy Report, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)

In the spirit of and#34;shared responsibility,and#34; often invoked by senior US policy officials
AND
Although the causes are many, the narcotics trade is a key contributor.

Independently, relations spill over to global cooperation on nuclear material transfers
Shifter ’12
(Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American Studies at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and writes for the Council’s journal Foreign Affairs. He serves as the President of Inter-American Dialogue. and#34;Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America,and#34; April, IAD Policy Report, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
Many of the issues on the hemispheric agenda carry critical global dimensions . Because of
AND
should support coordination on the presumption of shared interests on a critical policy challenge 

Nuclear terrorism escalates to major nuclear war. Global coop on material transfers is key.
Ayson’10
Robert – Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington – and#34;After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,and#34; Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, obtained via InformaWorld

A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
, is further international cooperation on the control of existing fissile material holdings.

Third, violence – a violent anti-drug strategy fuels the cartels and turns Mexico into a narco-state by 2014
Hari 09 Johann Hari; http://www.huffingtonpost.com/johann-hari/obama-must-end-the-war-on_b_165785.html; Obama Must End the War on Drugs -- or Mexico and Afghanistan Will Collapse; February 10, 2009; Columnist for the London Independent on foreign affair issues

Obama Must End the War on Drugs
AND
The drug war has brought the Taliban back to life.

Instability leads to extinction – generates conflict, leads to failed states, and exacerbates all of the root causes of conflict
Manwaring ’5,
(General Douglas MacArthur Chair and Prof of Military Strategy @ U.S. Army War College, Ret U.S. Army Colonel, Adjunct Professor of International Politics @ Dickinson College (Max G, October, Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfareand#34;, Strategic Studies Institute, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB628.pdf-http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB628.pdf)
At the same time, President Chávez’s approach to Latin American security and stability requires
AND
they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.

That escalates to global warfare – eliminates deterrent capability and aggravates global instability
Rochlin, 94 James Francis, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan U. College, Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America, 130-131, Wake Early Bird File
While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were
AND
, such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter.

Thus the plan: The United States federal government should implement bilateral automatic exchange of information with Mexico as it pertains to money laundering.

Contention 3 is Solvency
Plan solves Mexico’s implementation barriers and eliminates the root causes of instability
Lowe 12 June 12, 2012; Illicit funds from Mexico find safe haven in U.S.; Economic reporter for CNN; http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/12/opinion/lowe-mexico-illicit-funds-u-s~-~-http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/12/opinion/lowe-mexico-illicit-funds-u-s-~~
Evidence in the report suggests that much of this illicit money ends up in the
AND
highly effective, low-cost option available to us in this fight.

Status quo regulations drive the federal bureaucracy – the plan’s simple adjustment allows more effective enforcement
Stier 09— Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs (Ken, and#34;Foreign tax cheats find US banks a safe havenand#34;, Time—Business and Money, October 29, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1933288,00.html)-http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1933288,00.html)IK 

It’s not that the U.S. has no policies in place to stem
AND
capacities to protect our peoples and wealth,and#34; Carstens wrote in his letter.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: WMS SO | Judge: Vale Villa

Plan

The United States federal government should offer to provide regulatory and financial services to Mexico in order to stem illicit financial flows.

Contention 1 is the Mexican Economy

Illicit financial flows decimate the Mexican economy –

First, GDP – IFF’s weaken output and outpace economic growth

Kar 12 - Lead Economist at Global Financial Integrity, Former Economist at IMF
(Dev, Global Financial Integrity, Mexico:  Illicit Financial Flows, Macroeconomic Imbalances, and the Underground Economy, January 2012, http://mexico.gfintegrity.org/en/)

The study finds that illicit financial flows from Mexico are massive and the problem has
AND
to be included in order to capture their adverse impact on the country.

Second, tax revenue – illicit flows diminish funds for economic development and effective governance

Corchado 12 - Mexico bureau chief @ Dallas Morning News (Alfredo, and#34;Exclusive: Mexico pays heavy price for tax evasion, report findsand#34;, 29 January 2012, Dallas Morning News, http://www.dallasnews.com/news/nationworld/mexico/20120128-exclusive-mexico-pays-heavy-price-for-tax-evasion-report-finds.ece)

In a nation with nearly half the population living in poverty, more than 24
AND
like tax evasion cripple a government, despite good intentions to be effective.and#34;  

Specifically, revenue adequacy is key to stability – lack of revenue limits expenditures and undermines public services and infrastructure

Vasquez, 01 Jorge Martinez, International Studies Program, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, November, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Accessed on 9/3/13, http://aysps.gsu.edu/isp/files/ispwp0112.pdf, and#34;Mexico: An Evaluation of the Main Features of the Tax Syst  emand#34; | ADM
One measure of fiscal adequacy in any country is whether sufficient revenues are generated to
AND
75 percent of GDP as opposed to the actual 10.5 percent. 

Third, asset markets – iff’s undermine investor confidence and the peso – spills over to the rest of the economy

Kar, 12 Dev, formerly a Senior Economist at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), is Lead Economist at Global Financial Integrity (GFI) at the Center for International Policy (CIP), January, GFI, support from Ford Foundation, Accessed on 8/25/13, http://www.gfintegrity.org/storage/gfip/documents/reports/mexico/gfi_mexico_report_english-web.pdf, and#34;Mexico: Illicit Financial Flows, Macroeconomic Imbalances, and the Underground Economyand#34; | ADM
Using graphical analysis, we illustrate how illicit financial flows, generated through an underground
AND
between illicit flows and the underground economy in that each drove the other. 

US is key – almost all Mexican illicit transfers end up in American banks

Lawton 12 – Former Canadian policy analyst who worked on anti-money laundering initiatives (Christopher, and#34;U.S. Should Expand Automatic Exchange Of Tax Information To Mexicoand#34;, January 31, 2012, Financial Transparency Coalition, http://www.financialtransparency.org/2012/01/31/u-s-should-expand-automatic-exchange-of-tax-information-to-mexico/)//AE

The U.S. government frequently raises the issue of smuggling of bulk shipments
AND
stability and national security in both the U.S. and Mexico.¶ 

Mexico’s economy is key to the US economy -

First, trade – American prosperity depends on Mexico’s economic fundamentals

Sarukhan 12 (Arturo, Ambassador of Mexico to the United States, and#34;Mexico ’Critically Important’ to US Economy,and#34; Wilson Center, 2/24/12, video testimony, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/mexico-E28098critically-importantE28099-to-us-economy, Tashma)

It’s an incredibly strong relationship, for starters, because a lot of people sometimes
AND
critically important for the social well-being and the prosperity of Americans.

Second, interdependence – foreign investment, supply chains, and cross-border migration make American stability contingent on Mexican competitiveness

Wood 9 (Duncan Wood, Mexico Institute Director at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Office of the William E. Simon Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and#34;Cantarell, Mexico’s Economy and Interdependence,and#34; November 30th, 2009. http://csis.org/blog/cantarell-mexicos-economy-and-interdependence)
These problems will impact upon the United States. First the dependable source of oil
AND
and political and economic insecurity in Mexico impacts negatively on US economic growth. 

Third, production sharing – joint production profoundly links our economies and undergirds several critical industrial sectors

Lee and Wilson, 12 Erik, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University, and Chris, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs, and#34;Working Paper Series on the State of the U.S.-Mexico Border,and#34; Wilson Center, June, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/State_of_Border_Trade_Economy_0.pdf, and#34;The State of Trade, Competitiveness and Economic Well-being in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region,and#34; ADM
The quantity of U.S.-Mexico trade is impressive, but its quality
AND
Mexican fruit and vegetable exports from key states such as Sinaloa and Michoacán. 

Economic decline and volatility heightens the risk of nuclear global conflict—multiple scenarios

Burrows and Harris - Counselor in the National Intelligence Council, Member at the National Intelligence Council - 2009 (Mathew J. Burrows, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World—an unclassified report by the NIC published every four years that projects trends over a 15-year period, has served in the Central Intelligence Agency since 1986, holds a Ph.D. in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, Member of the Long Range Analysis Unit at the National Intelligence Council, holds an M.Phil. in International Relations from Oxford University and a J.D. from Yale University, 2009 (and#34;Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis,and#34; The Washington Quarterly, Volume 32, Issue 2, April, Available Online at http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf, Accessed 08-22-2011, p. 35-37)
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is likely to be the result of a number of intersecting and interlocking forces. With so many possible permutations of outcomes, each with ample ~end page 35~ opportunity for unintended consequences, there is a growing sense of insecurity.
Even so, history may be more instructive than ever. While we continue to
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Broad statistical models prove the impact

Royal, Director of cooperative threat reduction, ’10 ~Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, and#34;Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crisesand#34;, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215~
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. 

US economic collapse leads to great power wars between the US, Russia, and China

Friedberg ’9 (Aaron Friedberg and Gabriel Schoenfeld, Professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School, Visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, Senior editor of Commentary, The Dangers of a Diminished America, Accessed Online at the WSJ)

If America now tries to pull back from the world stage, it will leave
AND
the early stages of its emergence as a world economic and geopolitical power.

Contention 2 is the Drug Trade

Drug cartels rely on trade mispricing and illicit flows to launder profits – that poses a major national security risk and exacerbates all social ills

Gascoigne, 12 Clark, Communications Director at Global Financial Integrity, Washington, DC-based research and advocacy organization which promotes transparency in the international financial system, Accessed on 9/5/13, http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/493/-http://www.gfintegrity.org/content/view/493/, and#34;Mexico Hemorrhages US24872 Billion to Crime, Corruption, Tax Evasion from 1970-2010and#34; | ADM
While the report cannot specifically breakdown into which jurisdictions illicit outflows from Mexico are deposited
AND
Taking steps to address these issues would curtail a number of societal ills.and#34;

Plan is necessary and sufficient – only the plan can shift us away from a failed, violent strategy

Carlsen 11 ~Laura Carlsen; http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/4232-http://www.cipamericas.org/archives/4232; Why Mexico’s War on Drugs is Unwinnable; Latin America Rights Expert for Center for International Policy~

In Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, a student peace protester is gunned down by the
AND
cracking down on illicit financial flows—even when it affects powerful interests.

Continued drug trafficking leads to instability –

First, security – spills over to regional instability, provokes hostility toward the US, and forces massive migrations

DTO = drug trafficking organization
Shirk, 11 David A., Director of the Justice in Mexico Project and Associate Professor in the Political Science Department at the University of San Diego, Director of the Trans-Border Institute at University of San Diego, Ph.D. in Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, March, Council on Foreign Relations, Accessed on 9/4/13, and#34;The Drug War in Mexico – Confronting a Shared Threatand#34; | ADM
Third, Mexican stability serves as an important anchor for the region. With networks
AND
security frameworks for the transnational challenges of the post–Cold War era.

Second, relations – continued drug war violence undermines regional relations – politics and public opinion

Simon, 13 Scott, npr Weekend Edition host, interview with David Shirk, Director of the Justice in Mexico Project and Associate Professor in the Political Science Department at the University of San Diego, Director of the Trans-Border Institute at University of San Diego, Ph.D. in Political Science at the University of California, San Diego, 3/4, Accessed on 9/5/13, http://www.npr.org/2013/05/04/181053775/u-s-mexico-relations-complicated-conditioned-by-drug-war-http://www.npr.org/2013/05/04/181053775/u-s-mexico-relations-complicated-conditioned-by-drug-war, and#34;U.S.-Mexico Relations Complicated, Conditioned By Drug Warand#34; | ADM
In many ways, the relationship between the U.S. and Mexico is
AND
back to business as usual and we can get on with our lives.

Specifically, the continuation of a violent anti-drug strategy devastates Latin American relations – alternative strategies like the plan solve

Shifter ’12 
(Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American Studies at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and writes for the Council’s journal Foreign Affairs. He serves as the President of Inter-American Dialogue. and#34;Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America,and#34; April, IAD Policy Report, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)

In the spirit of and#34;shared responsibility,and#34; often invoked by senior US policy officials
AND
Although the causes are many, the narcotics trade is a key contributor.

Independently, relations spill over to global cooperation on nuclear material transfers

Shifter ’12 
(Michael is an Adjunct Professor of Latin American Studies at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and writes for the Council’s journal Foreign Affairs. He serves as the President of Inter-American Dialogue. and#34;Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America,and#34; April, IAD Policy Report, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)
Many of the issues on the hemispheric agenda carry critical global dimensions . Because of
AND
should support coordination on the presumption of shared interests on a critical policy challenge 

Nuclear terrorism escalates to major nuclear war. Global coop on material transfers is key.

Ayson’10
Robert – Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington – and#34;After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,and#34; Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, obtained via InformaWorld

A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
, is further international cooperation on the control of existing fissile material holdings.

Third, political instability – the drug war decides the future of Mexico’s political institutions – failure undermines democracy and leads to regional instability

Bonner, 10 Robert C., Senior Principal of the Sentinel HS Group. He was Administrator of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration from 1990 to 1993 and Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection from 2001 to 2005, July/August, Accessed on 9/5/13, http://www.millerco.com/pdfdocuments/Foreign20Affairs20Article20Final.pdf-http://www.millerco.com/pdfdocuments/Foreign Affairs Article Final.pdf, and#34;The New Cocaine Cowboys - How to Defeat Mexico’s Drug Cartelsand#34; | ADM
The recent headlines from Mexico are disturbing: U.S. consular official gunned
AND
powerful transnational drug cartels that threaten the stability of Central and South America.

Instability leads to extinction – generates conflict, leads to failed states, and exacerbates all of the root causes of conflict

Manwaring ’5,
(General Douglas MacArthur Chair and Prof of Military Strategy @ U.S. Army War College, Ret U.S. Army Colonel, Adjunct Professor of International Politics @ Dickinson College (Max G, October, Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfareand#34;, Strategic Studies Institute, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB628.pdf-http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB628.pdf)
At the same time, President Chávez’s approach to Latin American security and stability requires
AND
they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.

That escalates to global warfare – eliminates deterrent capability and aggravates global instability

Rochlin, 94 ~James Francis, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan U. College, Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America, 130-131, Wake Early Bird File~
While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were
AND
, such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter.

Contention 3 is Solvency

Plan solves Mexico’s implementation barriers and eliminates the root causes of instability

Lowe 12 ~June 12, 2012; Illicit funds from Mexico find safe haven in U.S.; Economic reporter for CNN; http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/12/opinion/lowe-mexico-illicit-funds-u-s~-~-http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/12/opinion/lowe-mexico-illicit-funds-u-s-~~
Evidence in the report suggests that much of this illicit money ends up in the
AND
highly effective, low-cost option available to us in this fight.

Status quo regulations drive the federal bureaucracy – the plan’s simple adjustment allows more effective enforcement

Stier 09— Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs (Ken, and#34;Foreign tax cheats find US banks a safe havenand#34;, Time—Business and Money, October 29, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1933288,00.html)-http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1933288,00.html)IK

It’s not that the U.S. has no policies in place to stem
AND
capacities to protect our peoples and wealth,and#34; Carstens wrote in his letter.

Plan also has a deterrent effect – solves the root causes of corruption

Economist 13 (and#34;Tax transparency: Automatic response,and#34; The Economist, 2/16/2013, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response   )
NOT ONE TO mince words, Daniel Mitchell of the right-wing Cato Institute
AND
The biggest benefit of automatic exchange is that it deters rather than detects.

Tournament: USC Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Carrollton GR | Judge: Scotty P, Olivia Panchal
The current intergovernmental agreement, or IGA, with Mexico is not reciprocal – undermines multilateral tax transparency and wrecks the automatic exchange model
Christians 12 Allison, H. Heward Stikeman Chair in the Law of Taxation at the McGill University Faculty of Law.  Her research and teaching focus on national and international tax law and policy issues, with emphasis on the relationship between taxation and economic development and on the role of government and non-government institutions and actors in the creation of tax policy norms, 12/12, http://taxpol.blogspot.com/2012/12/iga-flurry-shows-us-is-locking-down-on.html,Tax, Society, and Culture, “IGA flurry shows US is locking down on FATCA”
A recent flurry of signed IGAs … gathering. That's good to know.

The Mexican IGA is the litmus test for all other IGAs; its successful resolution triggers an avalanche of other IGAs to be signed
Mcintyre 09 Professor of Law, Wayne State University, Former member and interim chair of the U.N. Subcommitte on Information Exchange; Michael, Tax Notes International, “How to End  the Charade of Information Exchange,” Volume 56, Number 4, http://faculty.law.wayne.edu/mcintyre/text/mcintyre_articles/Treaties/charade_56TNI.pdf
Mexico surely understands … may trigger an avalanche.

Global tax transparency is coming now and FATCA is the model – only the automatic exchange model can achieve multilateral tax transparency and shut down money laundering
Economist 13 The Economist, Special Report, 2/16, Accessed on 10/15/13, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571561-way-make-exchange-tax-information-work-automatic-response, “Automatic response” | ADM
To tax-freedom advocates like … which are proposed, but gaps will remain.

The US is currently negotiating a IGA with Russia – further agreement is necessary
Ernst and Young 13 Ernst and Young, multinational professional services firm headquartered in London, United Kingdom, helps companies across the globe to identify and capitalize on business opportunities, 7/25, http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Update_on_RussiaE28099s_actions_to_implement_FATCA/$FILE/2013G_CM3675_Update20on20RussiaE28099s20actions20to20implement20FATCA.pdf, “Update on Russia’s actions to implement FATCA”
Currently FATCA (the Foreign Account … on 12 July 2013 in Notice 2013-43.

International transparency solves Russian illicit financial flows
GFI 13 http://russia.gfintegrity.org/Russia_Illicit_Financial_Flows_and_the_Role_of_the_Underground_Economy-HighRes.pdf; GFI is global financial integrity law firm designed to study illicit flows
Regarding action on the international … of the G-20, the G-8 and the OECD.

Growing Russian IFFs undermine the economy and nation state –transparency solves
Awoko 13(“Threat From Illicit Financial Flows From Russia, April 12, 2013
http://awoko.org/2013/04/12/threat-from-illicit-financial-flows-from-russia/)
The GFI recommended that … Dr. Kar and MsFreitas in the 68-page report.?

Russian economic decline causes nuclear war
Filger, 9  (Sheldon, author and blogger for the Huffington Post, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)
In Russia historically, economic … Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Accidental launch causes extinction within a half hour
Mintz 01 (Morton, Former Chair – Fund for Investigative Journalism and Reporter – Washington Post, “Two Minutes to Launch”, The American Prospect, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=two_minutes_to_launch)
Hair-trigger alert … by checklist, by rote."