Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame FC | Judge: Christian Rodriguez
Immigration reform will pass – 4 reasons
Huffington Post 10/24/13 (David Leopold, “Immigration Reform is Alive and Kicking on Capital Hill” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-leopold/immigration-reform-is-alive_b_4136478.html)
As it turns out, reports of the death of immigration reform were greatly exaggerated. Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart ... in the shadows. Now, not later. Now.

(insert a link) 

Issues spill over to immigration reform and capital is key- turns engagement of the aff
Shifter, 12
(Michael Shifter, Inter American Dialogue, Revista Ideele, December 27, 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32andpubID=3186)
Not surprisingly, Obama has .... in the bilateral relationship.

Immigration reform expands skilled labor --- spurs relations and economic growth in China and India.
Los Angeles Times, 11/9/2012 (Other countries eagerly await U.S. immigration reform, p. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html)
"Comprehensive immigration reform will …. as a bigger plus than not," he said.

US/India relations averts South Asian nuclear war - extinction
Schaffer, Spring 2002 (Teresita – Director of the South Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Security, Washington Quarterly, p. Lexis)
Washington's increased interest in … good relations with the United States.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hamilton PC | Judge: Aaron Kall
all the same 1NC cards with the link ev below 

The attempt of gender identity politics merely reinforces a two-prong inclusion into American capitalism—professional homemaking and consumption
Romero, Professor, School of Justice and Social Inquiry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 08 (Mary, “Latinos and Latinas at the Epicenter of Contemporary Legal Discourses: Gender and Human Rights: "Go After the Women": Mothers Against Illegal Aliens' Campaign Against Mexican Immigrant Women and Their Children”, Indiana Law Journal, 83 Ind. L.J. 1355, Fall, Lexis, JD)
Critiques of the cult of domesticity ….  resources in lower income communities. 6

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek ST | Judge: Maggie Davis
American Latin America engagment strategies are asymmetrical - they force hierarchy and capitalism on the receiving state
Gill, Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science at York University, 95 (Stephen, “Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Neoliberalism”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 24:3, 1995, Sage Publications)
North American arrangements are more hierarchical and asymmetrical ... as well as the degree of integration into global capital and money markets

Capitalism results in neo-imperialist wars, the destruction of the environment and the subjugation and genocide of entire sections of the population
Everest 12 (Larry; correspondent for Revolution newspaper; 5/24/12; “WAR AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM: “Money for Jobs Not for War”: American Chauvinism and Reformist Illusions” http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=31024)//RSW
“Money for Jobs and Education! Jobs and Education, Not War and Occupation!” ...whole new system and state that is in the actual interests of the people in the U.S. and around the world

The alternative is to reject the affirmative as an instance of capital– only through a radical rejection of the system can we avoid extinction
Herod 4(James, author of several books on capitalism, Getting Free, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)
It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely ... cooperatively self-determine the shape of their social world.

Tournament: Cal | Round: 7 | Opponent: Niles West IT | Judge: Ben Schultz
China’s economy is burning out and protests are coming – the plan causes sustainable growth through IPR enforcement
Hart 12
Melanie, Policy Analyst for Chinese Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress. Alex Lach is an Assistant Editor at the Center, China’s Need for Innovative, Market-Based Economic Growth, 10/5/12, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/china/news/2012/10/05/40683/chinas-need-for-innovative-market-based-economic-growth/
As China prepares for its upcoming political transition, the country’s new leaders will be asked to handle an economic downturn  … technology prospects from taking a gamble on new ideas.

Protests allow for a peaceful democratic transition
Liu 8 Alan P. L., is a professor emeritus of political science at the University of California at Santa Barbara specializing in contemporary Chinese political culture and development, China’s Democratic Future: How It Will Happen and Where It Will Lead, China Review International, Volume 15, Number 1, 2008

At the same time, Chinese society has been undergoing rapid changes because of … examination to the usual legislative-judiciary-executive model). 

Chinese democracy transforms global politics – consolidates global democracy.
Gilley 5 Bruce, Ph.D. candidate in politics at Princeton University. His research interests include comparative politics, especially of the Asia-Pacific region, democratization, and political philosophy, especially theories of domestic and global justice. The author of three books on China and several peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, he holds a Masters in economics from the University of Oxford, and a Bachelors in international relations from the University of Toronto, China’s Democratic Future, 246-8
If it has not already been brought into serious question by the  … the possibilities for positive change will be immense.

Extinction
Larry Diamond, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 1995, December, Promoting Democracy in the 1990s, http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm
This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. In the former Yugoslavia …  order of international security and prosperity can be built.

Tournament: Cal | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kinkaid RB | Judge: David Kilpatrick
The affirmative’s economic engagement manifest itself in Colonial structures
Mignolo 2005, (Walter, Duke University, “THE IDEA OF LATIN AMERICA”, 2005, 6/28/13|Ashwin)
The logic of coloniality can be understood as working through four wide domains of human experience…..  inception of the logic of coloniality ¶ implied in the very idea of both “America” and “Latin” America..4ever

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of all violence – turns each aff impact
Maldonado-Torres 8 Nelson, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-21
Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what … Sub-ontological difference is the result of such naturalization and is legitimized through the idea of race. In such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Vote negative to bring about “the end of the world” as we know it --- need to express fraternity and the ethic of love to solve
Maldonado-Torres 8 Nelson, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 243-46
That Hitler is Europe's demon points to Dussel’s idea regarding the proto-history of the ego …. cultural levels but also vis-a-vis epistemic levels.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chattahoochee IP | Judge: Bobby Shaw
Text: The United States federal government should propose that  to the Federative Republic of Brazil for a binding consultation. The United States should support the proposal during consultation and abide by the result of consultation

Binding consultation now is key to broader relations
Einaudi, ambassador and member of the advisory Council of the Brazil institute at the Woodrow Wilson international Center for Scholars, 11
Luigi R., March, Strategic Forum (National Defense University), “Brazil and the United States: The Need for Strategic Engagement”, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF2026620Einaudi.pdf, accessed 7-2-13, GSK
Whether Brazil’s future policies will, like those ... ¶ question reveals the complexity of the task. 

Unilateral action crushes relations
Meiman and Rothkopf 09, Managing Director at McLarty Associates and managing director of Kissinger Associates, 2009, Kellie and David,“The United States and Brazil: Two perspectives on dealing with partnership and rivalry”, Center for American Progress, March 2009, www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf, 7/10/13, JG
Indeed, according to senior sources  ... tension and distrust are likely to manifest themselves.

Relations solve a laundry list of impacts
Einaudi, 11 (Luigi Einaudi a  Distinguished Visiting  fellow in the Center for Strategic  r esearch,  institute for  national Strategic  Studies, at the  national Defense  University. He is also a Member of  the  advisory Council of the Brazil  i  nstitute at the Woodrow Wilson   international Center for Scholars. ( “Brazil and the United  States: The Need for  Strategic Engagement,” March 2011, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF2026620Einaudi.pdf BLOV)
These words cannot be read simply as rhetoric ... as it grows more rapidly than most countries around it.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Maine East JK | Judge: Kevin Bancroft
The United States federal government should (do the plan)  if, and only if, providers contracted to provide (plan) agree to expanded cybersecurity data provisions under the Defense Industrial Base Initiative allowing (agency) to share sanitized data regarding intrusions to agencies other than the Department of Defense and other parties to the DIBI.  

The condition is key to solve cybersecurity --- but incentives are key
Fisher ’09 (Dennis,- editor of Threat Post “Defense Industrial Base information-sharing program a good start”)
The recent flood of … as broadly as possible.

The CPs linkage gets contractors on board  
ISA ‘08 (Internet Security Alliance,- multi-sector trade association “The Cyber Security Social Contract”)
Government needs …. what we call the Internet.

This is vital to secure critical infrastructure --- impact is hege, the economy, food prices, energy shocks, and chemical industry
Sebastian ’09  (Rohan,- research for the office of Virginia Senator Mark Warner  CS Computer Science from UVA, 6-24 “The Federal Government’s Role in Preserving Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure”)
The intersection of critical infrastructure …. feasibility and industry acceptance. 

Great power escalation
Fritz, 2009
Jason, researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July,  http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf
This paper will analyse …. command and control centres directly.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 3 | Opponent: University Of Chicago DL | Judge: Brian Rubaie
Its gonna pass, Republicans and Democrats are working together
Hirsh 10/10 (Michael Hirsh is a political science author for the National Journal, 10/10/13, National Journal, “Who, Exactly, Just Blinked in the Debt-Ceiling Showdown?”, http://www.nationaljournal.com/budget/who-exactly-just-blinked-in-the-debt-ceiling-showdown-20131010)
In fact, both Speaker John .... could be a serious conversation."

The plan is unpopular, and consensus can’t be reached—it derails passage – this also takes into account oil lobbies
Taylor 13 (Phil Taylor, environment and energy reporter, EandE publishing, “EandE: U.S.-Mexico transboundary agreement mired in Congress,” http://www.foreign.senate.gov/publications/download/oil-mexico-and-the-transboundary-agreement, January 9, 2013)
A nearly year-old agreement to ....  in Mexico’s energy sector.

Battles undermine focus and constant pressure on the GOP – that kills budget negotiations
Milbank 9/27/13 (Dana, Washington Post Opinion Writer, “Obama should pivot to Dubya’s playbook” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/dana-milbank-obama-should-try-pivoting-to-george-bushs-playbook/2013/09/27/c72469f0-278a-11e3-ad0d-b7c8d2a594b9_story.html)
If President Obama can stick to his guns ... demoralize his supporters.

Prolonged shutdown decks global economy
Arcega 10/1/13 (Mil, Voice of America News, "Global Markets Calm on First Day of US Government Shutdown," http://www.voanews.com/content/global-markets-calm-on-first-day-of-us-government-shutdown/1761037.html)
On Tuesday, financial markets ... could be affected negatively.”

Global nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9 (Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor of the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf)
Of course, the report encompasses ... e dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: Cal | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kinkaid RB | Judge: David Kilpatrick
Text: Congress should delegate the authority to substantially increase its necessary equitable nanotechnology economic engagement toward Mexico to the Department of Commerce. 

The Department of Commerce should pursue and enact the congressional delegation. 

Solves and net benefit is politics
Epstein et Al., 99 (David Epstein- Department of Political Science and Stanford Graduate School of Business, Columbia and Stanford University, and Sharyn O’Hallaron- Department of Political Science and the School of International and Public Affairs and Hoover Institution, Columbia and Stanford University, January 1999 (“The Nondelegation Doctrine and the Separation of Powers” – Cardozo Law Review) p. lexis
Our institutional analysis begins with the observation that there are two …. would be the preferred mode of policymaking.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek ST | Judge: Maggie Davis
Text – The United States Federal Government should initiate an environmental impact and life cycle assessment regarding the consequences of (plan) 

and adopt such a measure if, and only if, it complies with said assessment.  

cp solves the aff and avoid environmental consequences
Gilpin 2k (Dr. Alan, Commissioner of Inquiry for Environment and Planning with the New South Wales Government, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Cutting Edge for the Twenty-first Century, p. 14-15) 

Reforming is critical to Latin America
Michelle B. Nowlin, xx-xx-1992, Duke Law School, “What’s Good for the Goose is Good for the Gander: A Plea for Congress to Amend the National Environmental Policy Act to Apply to the Extraterritorial Actions of the Federal Government,” http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1212andcontext=delpf

Cp builds international support and spills over– solves extinction
Purvis, 03 – Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institute (Nigel, “Greening U.S. Foreign Aid through the Millennium Challenge Account” Brookings Institute, June, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2003/06/energy-purvis SW)
.

Tournament: Cal | Round: Triples | Opponent: Katy Taylor AL | Judge: Peterson, Hanson, Hall
The idea that through constant motion we can eliminate the gap is a fantasy
McGowan 04 Todd McGowan. “The End of Dissatisfaction?” State University of New York Press. 2004. AP
For Kushner, our failure to address the AIDS crisis results from an inability to … motion: it allows us to cover over the experience of dissatisfaction, to imagine ourselves in a state of complete enjoyment.

The impact is violence – the fantasy fails
Stavrakakis 99 Yannis Stavrakakis, member of the Essex School of Discourse Analysis. “Lacan and the Political.” Routledge. AP
In the light of our theoretical framework, fantasy can only … freedom and social cohesion, it brought totalitarian coercion. (Talmon, 1971:95) 

The alternative is to engage in the Act – in the face of the decision of action presented by the 1AC, we instead make the impossible Third choice to disengage from the moment
Zizek 06 Slavoj Zizek. “The Parallax View.” MIT Press. February 17, 2006. AP
The universe of cartoons obeys two opposing rules, … by changing the past itself (in the Bergsonian sense of inserting a new possibility into it).

Tournament: Georgia | Round: 2 | Opponent: Alpharetta RS | Judge: Adam Kostrinsky
Normalizing relations causes drilling – only the CP excludes it
Pascual and Huddleston 9 (Carlos – Vice president and Director of Foreign policy – the Brookings Institution, and Vicki – Visiting Fellow, “CUBA: A New policy of Critical and Constructive Engagement”, April, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2009/4/cuba/0413_cuba.pdf)
licensing U.S. companies  … to develop Cuba’s offshore oil and gas. 

More US drilling causes exports
Ebinger et al 12 (Charles, Senior Fellow and Director of the Energy Security Initiative – Brookings, Kevin Massy, Assistant Director of the Energy Security Initiative – Brookings, and Govinda Avasarala, Senior Research Assistant in the Energy Security Initiative – Brookings, “Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas,” Brookings Institution, Policy Brief 12-01, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2012/5/0220lng20exports20ebinger/0502_lng_exports_ebinger.pdf)
For an increase in U.S. exports of LNG to be … rapid improvement in technologies and production processes. 

That kills Russia’s economy
Mead 12
Walter Russell Mead, April 25, 2012 (Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities at Bard College, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), and Editor-at-Large of The American Interest magazine), , The American Interest, North American Shale Gas Gives Russia Serious Headache, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/04/25/north-american-shale-gas-gives-russia-serious-headache/
North America’s shale gas boom is chipping away at … growth and political influence.

Goes nuclear
Filger 9 (Sheldon, Columnist and Founder – Global EconomicCrisis.com, “Russian Economy Faces Disasterous Free Fall Contraction”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html)

In Russia, historically, economic health and political … Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hamilton PC | Judge: Aaron Kall
We advocate the entirety of the 1AC without the root cause claims. 

The structure of their argument undermines feminism—the claim that a single link results in a big “root cause” impact marginalizes struggles against other forms of violence and discrimination we endorse the entirety of the 1ac except the representations as gender of the root cause of all impacts
Crenshaw 2 Carrie Crenshaw PhD, Former President of CEDA, “Perspectives In Controversy: Selected Articles from Contemporary Argumentation and Debate” 2002 p. 119-126
Feminism is not dead. …  individual or societal consciousness raising.

Tournament: Cal | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bellarmine DN | Judge: Ross Garrett
Solves warming
Victor et al 2009 – a Professor at Stanford Law School, Director of Stanford's Program on Energy and Sustainable Development, and an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. M. Granger Morgan is Head of Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Engineering and Public Policy and Director of the Climate Decision Making Center. Jay Apt is Professor of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University. John Steinbruner is Professor of Public Policy and Director of the Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland. Katharine Ricke is a doctoral student at Carnegie Mellon University (David G., March/April 2009 “The geoengineering option” http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/22456/The_Geoengineering_Option.pdf )
Each year, the effects of climate change are coming into sharper focus …  that the weather makers of the late 1940s and 1950s dreamed of doing.

Tournament: Cal | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kinkaid RB | Judge: David Kilpatrick
Interpretation: the aff must specify the actor that does the plan because the USFG is three branches, they haven’t
Alabama Law Review, 2002 (l/n)
The Framers sought to protect liberty by creating a central …. by splitting it between two Houses of Congress.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 3 | Opponent: Chattahoochee IP | Judge: Bobby Shaw
Interpretation – economic engagement requires expanding bilateral economic relations
Kahler, 6 - Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego (M., “Strategic Uses of Economic Interdependence: Engagement Policies on the Korean Peninsula and Across the Taiwan Strait” in Journal of Peace Research (2006), 43:5, p. 523-541, Sage Publications)
Economic engagement - a policy of deliberately expanding economic ties ... be more widespread than previously recognized.

This means the plan has to be government-to-government – not private economic engagement
Daga, 13 - director of research at Politicas Publicas para la Libertad, in Bolivia, and a visiting senior policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation (Sergio, “Economics of the 2013-2014 Debate Topic:
U.S. Economic Engagement Toward Cuba, Mexico or Venezuela”, National Center for Policy Analysis, 5/15, http://www.ncpa.org/pdfs/Message_to_Debaters_6-7-13.pdf)
Economic engagement between  ... with respect to some countries than to others.

‘Its’ is a possessive pronoun showing ownership
Glossary of English Grammar Terms, 2005  
(http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/possessive-pronoun.html)
Mine, yours, ....that it belongs to me.)

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Hamilton PC | Judge: Aaron Kall
interpretation – the aff must affect 10 of the population of Mexico.
Mickels 8 (Alissa, JD Candidate – Hastings College of Law, “Summary of Existing US Law Affecting Fourth Sector Organizations”, 7-17, http://www.fourthsector.net/attachments/7/original/Summary_of_US_Law_Affecting_ FS.pdf?1229493187)

Substantial v. insubstantial…  on commensurate test.

Mexico’s population is 104 million
AHD 13 – American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, “Mexico”, http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/Mexico
Mex•i•co    (mks-k) KEY
A country of south-central ….. Population: 104,000,000.

2. Violation - The aff won’t affect 10 of the population
Nakamura, 13. David Nakamura, staff writer for the Washington Post. “Dispute over guest-worker program puts immigration talks at risk of delay.” http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-28/politics/38089703_1_guest-worker-program-comprehensive-immigration-reform-barack-obama – clawan
A worsening dispute over … employer would consider using.”

Tournament: Cal | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kinkaid RB | Judge: David Kilpatrick
Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies
Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf
The basic causal logic of economic engagement …  change to foreign policy accommodation.

Violation – the plan is an economic inducement – engagement requires trade promotion
Celik, 11 – master’s student at Uppsala University (Department of Peace and Conflict Research) (Arda, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/175204/economic-sanctions-and-engagement-policies)
Literature of liberal school points …. economic linkages have political transformation potential.(Kroll,1993)

Tournament: Cal | Round: 2 | Opponent: New Trier DL | Judge: Jeremy Hammond
Will pass – will get the votes
Mimms 2/7  Sarah. “Why Democrats Will Win on Unemployment Insurance”  February 7, 2014. http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/why-democrats-will-win-on-unemployment-insurance-20140207
For the fifth time this year, Senate Majority Leader … at an open amendment process.

Obama’s capital is key to votes
The Hill 2/3/14 (Justin Sink Amie arnes and Mike Lillis, "High Anxiety for Obama and Democrats")
A House Democratic leadership … themes Tuesday during their meeting. 

Unemployment legislation key to economic recovery
Harkin 2/5 Tim. “Extending unemployment benefits will help many” January 5, 2014. http://www.press-citizen.com/article/D5/20140206/OPINION02/302060012/Extending-unemployment-benefits-will-help-many

For too many workers, that is the reality in our country today…  as the economy continues to recover.

Global war
ROYAL ‘10 – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood …. As such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.