Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Atholton DH | Judge: Robert Mitchell
T-Categories
A. Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)

A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT
AND
permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

EIS

Text – The United States Federal Government should initiate an environmental impact and life cycle assessment regarding the consequences of the trans boundary hydrocarbons agreement . 

and adopt such a measure if, and only if, it complies with said assessment.  

cp solves the aff and avoid environmental consequences
Gilpin 2k (Dr. Alan, Commissioner of Inquiry for Environment and Planning with the New South Wales Government, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Cutting Edge for the Twenty-first Century, p. 14-15)
Life cycle EIA is a procedure for evaluating the environmental impacts of a product,
AND
, fast food, fertilizers, energy production, and major infrastructure developments. 

Reforming is critical to Latin America
Michelle B. Nowlin, xx-xx-1992, Duke Law School, “What’s Good for the Goose is Good for the Gander: A Plea for Congress to Amend the National Environmental Policy Act to Apply to the Extraterritorial Actions of the Federal Government,” http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1212andcontext=delpf
Several Latin American countries have spoken out against these inequalities of consumption and responsibility.
AND
Applying NEPA to those actions is an important step in the right direction.

Cp builds international support and spills over– solves extinction
Purvis, 03 – Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institute (Nigel, “Greening U.S. Foreign Aid through the Millennium Challenge Account” Brookings Institute, June, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2003/06/energy-purvis SW)
Third, the global environment affects the U.S. economy. Dealing with
AND
and ensure a level international playing field for U.S. companies.

Syria
Syria will be passed in Congress now
Frenzel 9/6 -- budget and tax policy writer @ Forbes (Ben, 2013, and#34;By Dropping Syria In Congressand#39; Lap, Obama Creates The Worst Of The Bad Old Days,and#34; http://www.forbes.com/sites/billfrenzel/2013/09/06/by-dropping-syria-in-congress-lap-obama-creates-the-worst-of-the-bad-old-days/)

Congress seems to be moving toward the ratification of the President’s modest military intervention.
AND
. Capital spent on Syria is capital not available for looming domestic problems.

The plan sparks backlash over the process of ratification, and requires Presidential involvement
Phil Taylor 13, EandE Reporter, 1/9/13, “EandE: U.S.-Mexico transboundary agreement mired in Congress,” http://www.bromwichgroup.com/2013/01/ee-offshore-drilling-u-s-mexico-transboundary-agreement-mired-in-congress/
It is unclear who in the Senate objected to the agreement’s passage, but sources
AND
not consult with them before pushing the agreement through in the lame duck.

Political capital is key – every ounce counts
Lewis 8/31 (Paul – The Guardian, “Battle looms in Congress as Obama makes Syria a vast political gamble”, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/31/barack-obama-syria-congress-vote)
Barack Obama has taken a potentially huge political gamble by putting the decision over whether
AND
things are more important than partisan differences or the politics of the momentand#34;.

Strikes are key to Obama’s credibility – prevents U.S/Korean nuclear war
Friedman 13
George, Chairman of Stratfor,  Obamaand#39;s Bluff, 8/27/13, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/obamas-bluff
This is no longer simply about Syria. The United States has stated a condition
AND
misdeeds that are part of war regardless of the purity of the intent. 

Korean instability causes nuclear war
Chol 11
Kim Myong Chol is author of a number of books and papers in Korean, Japanese and English on North Korea, including Kim Jong-iland#39;s Strategy for Reunification. He has a PhD from the Democratic Peopleand#39;s Republic of Koreaand#39;s Academy of Social Sciences and#34;Dangerous gamesand#34; Aug 20 www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/MH20Dg01.html
The divided and heavily armed Korean Peninsula remains the most inflammable global flashpoint, with
AND
each spewing as much radioactive fallout as 150-180 H-bombs. 

Cap
American Latin America engagement strategies are asymmetrical - they force hierarchy and capitalimsm on the receiving state
Gill, Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science at York University, 95 (Stephen, “Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Neoliberalism”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 24:3, 1995, Sage Publications)
North American arrangements are more hierarchical and asymmetrical,understood both in inter-state
AND
as well as the degree of integration into global capital and money markets.

Capitalism results in neo-imperialist wars, the destruction of the environment and the subjugation and genocide of entire sections of the population
Everest 12 (Larry; correspondent for Revolution newspaper; 5/24/12; “WAR AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM: “Money for Jobs Not for War”: American Chauvinism and Reformist Illusions” http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=31024)//RSW
“Money for Jobs and Education! Jobs and Education, Not War and Occupation
AND
of the people in the U.S. and around the world.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative as an instance of capital– only through a radical rejection of the system can we avoid extinction
Herod 4(James, author of several books on capitalism, Getting Free, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)
It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely,
AND
who democratically and cooperatively self-determine the shape of their social world.

Relations
No mechanism for effective cooperation
Danelo, 11 T OWARD A U.S. - M EXICO  S ECURITY  S TRATEGY : T HE  G EOPOLITICS OF  N ORTHERN  M EXICO AND THE  I MPLICATIONS FOR  U.S. P OLICY By  David J. Danelo, https://www.fpri.org/docs/Toward_a_US_Mexico_Security_Strategy_Danelo.pdf
The problems along the Rio Grande were confirmed in October 2010, just two weeks
AND
threaten both the legitimacy of the state and  the fabric of Mexican society.

Alt Cause
BMO, 6/26 – Buisness and Legal resource published by international expert to discuss Mexico (Business Mexico Online, “As US Senate contemplates immigration reform, Mexico says “walls are not the solution,” BMO, 6/26/13, http://business-mexico-online.com/as-us-senate-contemplates-immigration-reform-mexico-says-walls-are-not-the-solution/)//SMS
Secretary of Foreign Relations José Antonio Meade yesterday called on the United States to work
AND
of priorities that are more important to allocate resources to, said Meade. 

Mexico’s economy is resilient
IMF 12 (International Monetary Fund, “Mexico Banks Resilient, But Global Risks Need Care”, 3/30/12, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2012/car033012a.htm)//WL
Mexico’s banking system is resilient and well capitalized, and stress tests indicate that it
AND
a series of reforms as Latin America’s second largest economy continues to modernize.
Income gap has massively decreased in Mexico
GEI, 3/28 – a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan research institution devoted to the study of international economic policy (Global Economic Intersection, “Income Inequality: China, U.S. Increasing, Mexico Decreasing,” GEI, 3/28/13, http://econintersect.com/b2evolution/blog1.php/2013/03/28/income-inequality-china-u-s-increasing-mexico-decreasing)//SMS
Over the past 2-3 decades Mexico has experienced improving income distribution.  The
AND
from all sources for the U.S. are in close agreement.

Hegemony is unnecessary
Preble 10 (Christopher Preble, *director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute*, taught history at St. Cloud State University and Temple University, was a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy, Ph.D. in history from Temple University. “U.S. Military Power: Preeminence for What Purpose?” 8/3/10) http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/u-s-military-power-preeminence-for-what-purpose/

Most in Washington still embraces the notion that America is, and forever will be
AND
their own defense, and in the security of their respective regions.

Heg is failing
Mastanduno 9 (Michael, Professor of Government at Dartmouth,
AND
, but it can no longer count on getting its own way.

Instability is inevitable
Blanco, 09 (Long Live Democracy: The Determinants of Political Instability in Latin America, https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.ou.edu/cas/econ/wppdf/instabilityinla2520rg.pdfandembedded=trueandchrome=true)
Ranked as the third most unstable region in the world in the post-war
AND
paper, we seek to uncover the factors behind this instability. In a
In this paper we analyze the determinants of political instability in a panel of 18
AND
values of trade openness and investment are helpful in explaining current political instability.
Drug war fuels instability in Latin America
CSIS, APR 27, 2010 (Katherine Hubbard, “Areas to Watch: The Drug War in Central America,” http://csis.org/blog/areas-watch-drug-war-central-america, CW, accessed on 10/16/10)

Central American states are finding themselves
AND
aware of that and they always look for the path of least resistance.”

PEMEX
Status Quo Solves Reforms
Peixe 12 – Joao Peixe 7-15-2012; writer for Oilprice.com Can Enrique Peña Nietoand#39;s Energy Reforms Make Mexico a Major Oil Exporter? http://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Can-Enrique-Pea-Nietos-Energy-Reforms-Make-Mexico-a-Major-Oil-Exporter.html
All oil reserves are state property, and Mexico has huge potential, however,
AND
the necessary two-thirds vote that he needs to achieve his plans.

Reform = backlash
Goldberg, Law360 Energy and Environment Senior Reporter, 6/18/13 (Keith, Published June 19, 2013, Law360, “Mexicoand#39;s Oil Reform Plans Will Attract Intrepid Investors”, http://www.morganlewis.com/pubs/Law360_MexicoOilReformPlansAttractInvestors_19june13.pdf, June 26 2013, JB)
Still, ownership of the oil and gas remains with Pemex. Loosening the stateand#39;s
AND
of the Mexican psyche overnight, there’s likely to be a public backlash.and#34; 

Economic collapse won’t cause war
Barnett 9—senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC (Thomas, The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis, 25 August 2009, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx, AMiles)
When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze
AND
great resilience of Americaand#39;s post-World War II international liberal trade order.

No spill over - collapse doesn’t go global
Reuters ‘06  (“U.S. Slowdown Unlikely to Derail World Economy”)
A sharp slowdown in the U.S. economy in 2007 is unlikely to
AND
capital, and banks are eager to lend to corporations and households alike.and#34;

Oil
Squo solves for Manufacturing
Ryan 9/4 (Molly Ryan, 9/4/13, Houston Business Journal, “‘The best is yet to come’: Shale boom to boost overall U.S. economy, study says”, http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2013/09/04/the-best-is-yet-to-come-us.html)
The shale revolution has already caused waves in the upstream oil and gas industry,
AND
the majority of U.S. households will see lower electricity costs.

Offshore drilling fails- cant solve dependence or jobs
Oceana 12 (Oceana is an organization dedicated to protecting the worlds oceans, Copyright 2012, Oceana, “The Three Myths Of Offshore Drilling”, http://oceana.org/en/our-work/climate-energy/offshore-drilling/learn-act/the-three-myths-of-offshore-drilling)
Myth 1: Offshore drilling is safe. The Deepwater Horizon Drilling Disaster is not
AND
phase out the need for oil, see Oceanaand#39;s report Breaking the Habit.

1. No extinction
   Easterbrook 95,  Distinguished Fellow, Fullbright Foundation
   (Gregg, A Moment on Earth pg 25) 

IN THE AFTERMATH OF EVENTS SUCH AS LOVE CANAL OR THE Exxon Valdez oil spill
AND
are pinpricks compared to forces of the magnitude nature is accustomed to resisting. 

2. Environmental alarmism isn’t a justification for taking action
Kaleita, 07, PHD, Assistant Professor Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Amy, “Hysteria’s History” Environmental Alarmism in Context”, http://www.pacificresearch.org/docLib/20070920_Hysteria_History.pdf 

Apocalyptic stories about the irreparable, catastrophic damage that humans are doing to the natural
AND
real problem exists, solutions should be based on reality, not hysteria.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 5 | Opponent: Capitol Debate EK | Judge: Sarah Kirsch
T Trade
Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies
Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf
The basic causal logic of economic engagement, and the emphasis on domestic politics,
AND
chain runs from economic interdependence through domestic political change to foreign policy accommodation.

Violation – the lifting the embargo does not mandate long term trade– engagement requires trade promotion
Celik, 11 – master’s student at Uppsala University (Department of Peace and Conflict Research) (Arda, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/175204/economic-sanctions-and-engagement-policies)
Literature of liberal school points out that economic engagement policies are significantly effective tools for
AND
believes in that economic linkages have political transformation potential.(Kroll,1993)

Non-State CP

Text: The United States Executive Branch should implement the necessary reforms to the Cuban embargo to allow for United States companies to trade with the Cuban private sector

US support for Cuba’s private sector ensures economic liberalization spill over to peaceful democratic transition.
Lopez-Levy, 11 - Lecturer and doctoral candidate at Josef Korbel School of International Studies, analyst for the Cuban government, (Arturo; Houses, Used Cars and Markets: Change Cubans Can Believe In; The Havana Note; 11-9-2011; http://thehavananote.com/node/961)//BDS
 There is much political continuity in Raul Castro’s government, but the recent announcement
AND
to trade, international assistance and investment that affect Cuba’s emerging private sector. 

The CP causes gradual Cuban reform and avoids politics
Perales, 10 – Senior programs associate at Woodrow Wilson Center (José Raúl, The United States and Cuba: Implications of an Economic Relationship, WOODROW WILSON CENTER LATIN AMERICAN PROGRAM, 8-2010, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/LAP_Cuba_Implications.pdf)//BDS
Whether or not one agrees with the U.S. embargo against Cuba,
AND
mean all is lost. In his view President Obama just needs to take
the next step: with the stroke of the executive pen he can introduce regulatory modifications that can allow the federal bureaucracy to meet his stated goals regarding Cuba
Syria Strikes  
Strikes on Syria will pass now
Cameron 9/5
Gary, RT, Congress leaders getting ready to approve Syria strike, 9/5/13, http://rt.com/usa/congress-approve-attack-syria-364/
Obama’s battle to get congressional approval for a military strike on Syria moved a step
AND
and that US military action will be a “limited, proportionate step.”

Causes Massive backlash
The Register 4-21 (“The Cuban chill”, April 21st, 2013, http://www.registerguard.com/rg/opinion/29740770-78/cuba-lobby-policy-china-political.html.csp)
After the pop icons’ recent trip to the island to celebrate their wedding anniversary,
AND
consult Menendez on any change in U.S. policy toward Cuba.

Political capital is key – every ounce counts
Lewis 8/31 (Paul – The Guardian, “Battle looms in Congress as Obama makes Syria a vast political gamble”, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/31/barack-obama-syria-congress-vote)
Barack Obama has taken a potentially huge political gamble by putting the decision over whether
AND
things are more important than partisan differences or the politics of the momentand#34;.

Strikes are key to Obama’s credibility – prevents U.S/Korean nuclear war
Friedman 13
George, Chairman of Stratfor,  Obamaand#39;s Bluff, 8/27/13, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/obamas-bluff
This is no longer simply about Syria. The United States has stated a condition
AND
misdeeds that are part of war regardless of the purity of the intent. 

Korean instability causes nuclear war
Chol 11
Kim Myong Chol is author of a number of books and papers in Korean, Japanese and English on North Korea, including Kim Jong-iland#39;s Strategy for Reunification. He has a PhD from the Democratic Peopleand#39;s Republic of Koreaand#39;s Academy of Social Sciences and#34;Dangerous gamesand#34; Aug 20 www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/MH20Dg01.html
The divided and heavily armed Korean Peninsula remains the most inflammable global flashpoint, with
AND
each spewing as much radioactive fallout as 150-180 H-bombs. 

Cap K
American Latin America engagment startaegis are asymmetrical - they force hierarchy and capitalimsm on the receiving state
Gill, Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science at York University, 95 (Stephen, “Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Neoliberalism”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 24:3, 1995, Sage Publications)
North American arrangements are more hierarchical and asymmetrical,understood both in inter-state
AND
as well as the degree of integration into global capital and money markets.

Capitalism results in neo-imperialist wars, the destruction of the environment and the subjugation and genocide of entire sections of the population
Everest 12 (Larry; correspondent for Revolution newspaper; 5/24/12; “WAR AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM: “Money for Jobs Not for War”: American Chauvinism and Reformist Illusions” http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=31024)//RSW
“Money for Jobs and Education! Jobs and Education, Not War and Occupation
AND
of the people in the U.S. and around the world.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative as an instance of capital– only through a radical rejection of the system can we avoid extinction
Herod 4(James, author of several books on capitalism, Getting Free, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)
It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely,
AND
who democratically and cooperatively self-determine the shape of their social world.

1NC Cuba Relations Adv.
Double bind –

Either A. Relations improving – Cuban domestic reforms
Padgett 7-3 (Tim Padgett, WLRN-Miami Herald Newsand#39; Americas correspondent covering Latin America and the Caribbean, “Why This Summer Offers Hope For Better U.S.-Cuba Relations” http://wlrn.org/post/why-summer-offers-hope-better-us-cuba-relations 7-3-13)
And yet, despite all that recent cold-war commotion, could this finally
AND
, they need to become more normal in their relations with other nations.”

Or B. You can’t solve alt’ causes
French 12 (Anya Landau French, editor of and a frequent contributor to The Havana Note, “Alan Gross Wants U.S. and Cuba to Negotiate His Release” http://thehavananote.com/node/1056 12-4-12)
Three years ago, as he completed his 5th trip of the year to the
AND
or to extract something from the U.S. for his return.

Ideological differences- plan can’t solve relations
Hanson and Lee 13 - Senior Production Editors at CFR (Updated: 1/31/13, Stephanie, Brianna, Council on Foreign Relations, “U.S.-Cuba Relations”,
http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113#p5)

What is the main obstacle in U.S.-Cuban relations? A fundamental
AND
alienating a strong voting bloc in an important swing state in presidential elections.

Cuba won’t pursue an alliance with the U.S. – anti-Americanism outweighs
Suchlicki 13 (Jaime Suchlicki, Emilio Bacardi Moreau Distinguished Professor and Director, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami, “Why Cuba Will Still Be Anti-American After Castro” http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/03/why-cuba-will-still-be-anti-american-after-castro/273680/ 3-4-13)f
Similarly, any serious overtures to the U.S. do not seem likely
AND
terrorism and drug interdiction - for the United States to change it policies.

No China war
Perry and Scowcroft, 9 – *Professor at Stanford University, Resident Trustee of the Forum for International Policy (William and Brent, 2009, “US Nuclear Weapons Policy,” Council on Foreign Relations)

Economic interdependence provides an incentive to avoid military conflict and nuclear confrontation. Although the
AND
Beijing-Washington relationship points toward potentially promising dialogues on larger strategic issues.

Risk of China-Taiwan war has decreased – new U.S.-China relationship, mutual interest in containing conflict, pro-independence parties losing
Pei ’06 (Minxin, senior associate and director of the China program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2/8. “Chen’s Gamble to Stay Relevant.” Straits Times, Carnegie Endowment online.)

Not too long ago, the nightmarish scenario of an armed conflict between mainland China
AND
his gambit has got him enough public attention to show his political relevance.

The only impact in the evidence is indo pak war—no escalation
The Hamilton Spectator, 5/24/2002, World International Relations, http://www.thespec.com/
For those who do not live in the subcontinent, the most important fact is
AND
of nuclear tests in the atmosphere, and they are mostly still here. 

1NC Transition Adv.  
No risk of Instability
Wong-Diaz, 6 – professor of law, political science and international relations at the City College of San Francisco(Francisco, “CASTRO’S CUBA: QUO VADIS?” December, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub744.pdf
This monograph examines alternative scenarios in the twilight of Fidel Castro and in a post
AND
Rice publicly stated that the Bush administration had no intention to invade Cuba.

Economic decline will be cushioned – structural factors solve
Messa-Lago, 13 – Professor Emeritus of Economics and Latin American Studies at the University of Pittsburgh (Carmelo, “The possible impact of the death of Chavez in the Cuban economy”, 12/03/2013, http://www.cubaencuentro.com/cuba/articulos/el-posible-impacto-de-la-muerte-de-chavez-en-la-economia-cubana-283444, translated from Spanish by Google Translate)eek
If substantially reduce or end Venezuelan aid (equivalent to more than a fifth of
AND
of trade and investment with other countries but not yet achieved substantial results.

No risk of conflict escalation in Latin America – regional organizations check
Miami Herald ‘13
(“UN, Latin American leaders stress regional cooperation for global peace”  August 6) 

UNITED NATIONS Hoping to improve peace and security around the world, Argentine President Cristina
AND
MINUSTAH, providing development assistance and helping build Haitian capacity,” she said.

Economic collapse won’t cause war
Barnett 9—senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC (Thomas, The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis, 25 August 2009, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx, AMiles)
When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze
AND
great resilience of Americaand#39;s post-World War II international liberal trade order.
No impact—multiple reasons
Mueller 10 John, Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and a Professor of Political Science at The Ohio State University, A.B. from the University of Chicago, M.A. and Ph.D. @ UCLA, Atomic Obsession – Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda, Oxford University Press

Properly developed and deployed, biological weapons could potentially, if thus far only in
AND
then effective dispersal could easily be disrupted by unfavorable environmental and meteorological conditions.

No spill over - collapse doesn’t go global
Reuters ‘06  (“U.S. Slowdown Unlikely to Derail World Economy”)
A sharp slowdown in the U.S. economy in 2007 is unlikely to
AND
capital, and banks are eager to lend to corporations and households alike.and#34;

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBN MT | Judge: Scott Wheeler

Iran Politics

Iran sanctions is top of the docket and Obama’s using capital to make Dems sustain a veto

CSM 1-13 ~By Howard LaFranchi; "Is Congress about to kill Iran nuclear deal against Obama’s wishes? (+video)"; 1/13/2014; http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Foreign-Policy/2014/0113/Is-Congress-about-to-kill-Iran-nuclear-deal-against-Obama-s-wishes-video~~
President Obama is warning Congress against steps that could scuttle a deal that he says
AND
have multiplying impact given the importance of those two sectors to Iran’s economy.

Fossil fuel lobby will attack any clean energy policy.

Hitt 12. ~Mary Anne, Director of the Sierra Club Beyond Coal Campaign, "New report follows money trail behind attacks on clean energy" Daily Kos — August 2 — http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/08/02/1116104/-New-Report-Follows-Money-Trail-Behind-Attacks-on-Clean-Energy~~
Every election season, more and more money is poured into campaigns. But there
AND
advantage, while regular Americans bear the burden of polluted air and water.

That collapses the deal

Muhammad 12/31 (Askia, cites David Bositis, Vice President and Senior Research Analyst at the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies The Final Call, "Obama’s burden", 2013, http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/National_News_2/article_101094.shtml)
In foreign affairs, the President’s burden is made even more awkward by dug-
AND
them an inch, they will own you," Dr. Bositis concluded.

Impact is nuclear war

Reuveny 10 (Rafael – professor in the School of Public and Environmental affairs at Indiana University, Unilateral strike on Iran could trigger world depression, p. http://www.indiana.edu/~~spea/news/speaking_out/reuveny_on_unilateral_strike_Iran.shtml)
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities would likely have dire consequences, including
AND
green light. A unilateral Israeli strike could ultimately spark World War III.

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 1 | Opponent: GBN MT | Judge: Scott Wheeler

Bio-Fuels Research CP

Text: the United States federal government should substantially increase investment in basic research of advanced biofuels in Mexico.

Unending subsidies cause market distortion and turn case- the counterplan has the government generate demand through investing in basic research- generates self-sustainability

Nahi ’13 (Paul Nahi is CEO of Enphase Energy, a provider of micro-inverter systems for the solar industry, "Government Subsidies: Silent Killer Of Renewable Energy", http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2013/02/14/government-subsidies-silent-killer-of-renewable-energy/?ss=business3Aenergy, February 14, 2013)

Hardly a day goes by that we
AND
good of our energy future, subsidies for all energy must eventually end.

Buying ethanol fails- causes government intervention and market distortion

Loris and Spencer ’11 (Nicolas Loris and Jack Spencer, Nicolas D. Loris is a Policy Analyst and Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, "Obama’s Department of Energy Should Not Be the Green Banker", http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=52893pageid=16pagename=Opinion, October 11th 2011)

On July 14, 2011, the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee marked up
AND
government needs to stop trying to pick winners and losers in the marketplace.

If the plan succeeds- it just creates a bubble in the green economy by propping up the industry- turns case

Tracinski ’12 (Robert Tracinski, Robert Tracinski writes daily commentary at TIADaily.com, "The Global Warming Bubble", http://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2012/03/06/the_global_warming_bubble_99552.html, March 6, 2012)

When the federal government bailed out General Motors, you may remember that we were
AND
can be sustained, either economically or politically, and the bubble bursts.

Economic collapses causes Global war – diversionary theory’s true

ROYAL ’10 – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek | Judge: Bruce Miller
Cap
American Latin America engagement strategies are asymmetrical - they force hierarchy and capitalimsm on the receiving state
Gill, Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science at York University, 95 (Stephen, “Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Neoliberalism”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 24:3, 1995, Sage Publications)
North American arrangements are more hierarchical and asymmetrical,understood both in inter-state
AND
as well as the degree of integration into global capital and money markets.

Capitalism results in neo-imperialist wars, the destruction of the environment and the subjugation and genocide of entire sections of the population
Everest 12 (Larry; correspondent for Revolution newspaper; 5/24/12; “WAR AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM: “Money for Jobs Not for War”: American Chauvinism and Reformist Illusions” http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=31024)//RSW
“Money for Jobs and Education! Jobs and Education, Not War and Occupation
AND
of the people in the U.S. and around the world.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative as an instance of capital– only through a radical rejection of the system can we avoid extinction
Herod 4(James, author of several books on capitalism, Getting Free, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)
It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely,
AND
who democratically and cooperatively self-determine the shape of their social world.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: GBN DF | Judge: Pattrick Kennedy
The struggle over the question of who counts as human is THE question of the debate—Coloniality is an epistemological structure that privileges the Western subject as the only legitimate expression of human knowledge.  The question of Latin American engagement can only be answered when we first unsettle the coloniality of knowledge and being that has demarcated the majority of the world as subhuman populations given over to death.
Wynter 2003 (Sylvia, Professor of Romance Languages at Stanford University, "Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom
Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument," CR: The New Centennial Review, 3.3 (2003) 257-337, MUSE)
THE ARGUMENT PROPOSES THAT THE STRUGGLE OF OUR NEW MILLENNIUM WILL be one between the
AND
the other, African enslavement, Latin American conquest, and Asian subjugation.

The affirmative’s economic engagement with Latin America is just one more manifestation of 500 years of coloniality—the promise of prosperity, democracy, and security is a toxic fantasy that obscures the trail of dead reaching back through time.
Mignolo 2005, (Walter, Duke University, "THE IDEA OF LATIN AMERICA", 2005, 6/28/13|Ashwin) 
The logic of coloniality can be understood as working through four wide domains of human
AND
very idea of both "America" and "Latin" America..4ever

Coloniality naturalizes a non-ethics of death and generalizes the condition of damnation—ongoing genocide, enslavement, rape, ecological destruction and unending war is produced by and reproduces colonial epistmeologies.
Maldonado-Torres 2008 ~Nelson. "Against War : Views from the Underside of Modernity"¶ Durham, NC, USA: Duke University Press, 2008. p 215-217¶ http://site.ebrary.com/lib/utexas/Doc?id=1021719126ppg=52~~

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
AND
such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

The alternative is the definitive rejection of epistemic privilege and total decolonization.  The starting point for the decolonial option is the repudiation of death ethics in the name of life.  Dewesternization alone or continuing faith in the project of modernity  fails to undermine the overrepresentation of man.
Mignolo 09 (Walter, Professor of literature-Duke University, Ph.D. from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, academic director of Duke in the Andes, an interdisciplinary program in Latin American and Andean Studies in Quito, Ecuador at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador and the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, "Epistemic Disobedience,¶ Independent Thought and¶ De-Colonial Freedom" ,Theory, Culture 26 Society 2009)
ONCE UPON a¶ time scholars assumed that the knowing subject in¶ the disciplines
AND
who take ’originality’ as the ultimate criterion for the final¶ judgment.

And we must decolonize debate practice itself—Decolonizing education requires an analysis of the knowledge, power, colonial history, and political economy inherent in educational activities like debate
Shahjahan 2011 ~Riyad Ahmed, Assistant Professor of Higher, Adult, and Lifelong Education (HALE) at Michigan State University. Ph.D. at the OISE/University of Toronto in Higher Education. "Decolonizing the evidence-based education and policy movement:¶ revealing the colonial vestiges in educational policy, research, and¶ neoliberal reform" Online publication date: 22 March 201, Journal of Education Policy, 26: 2,¶ 181 — 206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2010.508176~~

Revisiting histories of colonial educational policy in schooling helps us contextualize¶ and in the
AND
education¶ means in this era of neoliberal policies and transnational capital21

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cedar Rapids BK | Judge: Ben Schultz

Colonialism

The affirmative’s economic engagement manifest itself in Coloniality – which is a self – fulling prophecy of violence, they think they can dominate Latin America
Mignolo 2005, (Walter, Duke University, "THE IDEA OF LATIN AMERICA", 2005, 6/28/13|Ashwin)
The logic of coloniality can be understood as working through four wide domains of human
AND
very idea of both "America" and "Latin" America..4ever

This this resultrs in the production of genocide, enslavement, rape, ecological destruction and unending war
Maldonado-Torres 2008 ~Nelson. "Against War : Views from the Underside of Modernity"¶ Durham, NC, USA: Duke University Press, 2008. p 215-217¶ http://site.ebrary.com/lib/utexas/Doc?id=1021719126ppg=52~~
Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
AND
such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

The alternative is the definitive rejection of epistemic privilege and total decolonization, continuing western eithic results in the overrepresentation of man and reduces people to calculation
Mignolo 09 (Walter, Professor of literature-Duke University, Ph.D. from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, academic director of Duke in the Andes, an interdisciplinary program in Latin American and Andean Studies in Quito, Ecuador at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador and the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, "Epistemic Disobedience,¶ Independent Thought and¶ De-Colonial Freedom" ,Theory, Culture 26 Society 2009)
ONCE UPON a¶ time scholars assumed that the knowing subject in¶ the disciplines
AND
who take ’originality’ as the ultimate criterion for the final¶ judgment.

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cedar Rapids BK | Judge: Ben Schultz

Consult Brazil CP

Text: The United States federal government should propose the negotiation of the Currency swap agreement with Mexico to the Federative Republic of Brazil for a binding consultation. The United States should support the proposal during consultation and abide by the result of consultation.

Binding consultation now is key to broader relations
Einaudi, ambassador and member of the advisory Council of the Brazil institute at the Woodrow Wilson international Center for Scholars, 11
~Luigi R., March, Strategic Forum (National Defense University), "Brazil and the United States: The Need for Strategic Engagement", http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF2026620Einaudi.pdf, accessed 7-2-13, GSK~
Whether Brazil’s future policies will, like those of the United States, reflect greater
AND
?36 Just posing the ¶ question reveals the complexity of the task. 

Unilateral action crushes relations
Meiman 26 Rothkopf 09, Managing Director at McLarty Associates 26 managing director of Kissinger Associates, 2009, Kellie 26 David,"The United States and Brazil: Two perspectives on dealing with partnership and rivalry", Center for American Progress, March 2009, www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf, 7/10/13, JG
Indeed, according to senior sources within the Brazilian Foreign Ministry, crafting and institutionalizing
AND
Trade Organization talks—then tension and distrust are likely to manifest themselves.

Relations solve a laundry list of impacts
Einaudi, 11 (Luigi Einaudi a  Distinguished Visiting  fellow in the Center for Strategic  r esearch,  institute for  national Strategic  Studies, at the  national Defense  University. He is also a Member of  the  advisory Council of the Brazil  i  nstitute at the Woodrow Wilson   international Center for Scholars. ( "Brazil and the United  States: The Need for  Strategic Engagement," March 2011, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF2026620Einaudi.pdf BLOV)
These words cannot be read simply as rhetoric rooted in the Third World trade unionism
AND
to bedevil Brazil as it grows more rapidly than most countries around it.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek | Judge: Bruce Miller
EIS

Text – The United States Federal Government should initiate an environmental impact and life cycle assessment regarding the consequences of the trans boundary hydrocarbons agreement . 

and adopt such a measure if, and only if, it complies with said assessment.  

cp solves the aff and avoid environmental consequences
Gilpin 2k (Dr. Alan, Commissioner of Inquiry for Environment and Planning with the New South Wales Government, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Cutting Edge for the Twenty-first Century, p. 14-15)
Life cycle EIA is a procedure for evaluating the environmental impacts of a product,
AND
, fast food, fertilizers, energy production, and major infrastructure developments. 

Reforming is critical to Latin America
Michelle B. Nowlin, xx-xx-1992, Duke Law School, “What’s Good for the Goose is Good for the Gander: A Plea for Congress to Amend the National Environmental Policy Act to Apply to the Extraterritorial Actions of the Federal Government,” http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1212andcontext=delpf
Several Latin American countries have spoken out against these inequalities of consumption and responsibility.
AND
Applying NEPA to those actions is an important step in the right direction.

Cp builds international support and spills over– solves extinction
Purvis, 03 – Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institute (Nigel, “Greening U.S. Foreign Aid through the Millennium Challenge Account” Brookings Institute, June, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2003/06/energy-purvis SW)
Third, the global environment affects the U.S. economy. Dealing with
AND
and ensure a level international playing field for U.S. companies.

Tournament: Cal Invitational | Round: 7 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Steven Sander

F Word K

Their use of the "f" word is an independent reason to vote negative—it normalizes sexual violence and makes a culture of domination inevitable
Schwyzer, Prof of Gender Studies, 9 community college history and gender studies professor, DPhil, Berkley (Hugo,  "Penetrate" v. "Engulf" and the multiple meanings of the "f" word: a note on feminist language, 4 November 2009, http://hugoschwyzer.net/2009/11/04/penetrate-v-engulf-and-the-multiple-meanings-of-the-f-word-a-note-on-feminist-language/
In every women’s studies class I’ve taught here at PCC, and in many guest
AND
part of building a more pleasurable, safe, just and egalitarian world.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Eric Short

Framework

To maximize the two hours we have together, three preconditions must be met —— The affirmative’s failure to advance these 3 pre-requisites undermines debate’s transformative and intellectual potential

1. Two teams oppose sides- the affirmative has the burden of proof to prove a change from the status quo in direction of the resolution and the negative has the burden of rejoinder (conflict-based scenario)
2. Debate should have a voted-on resolution that is established prior the debate (knowledge aspect)
   2. Each side has equal times to speaking in the debate (game resources)

Harr et al 8, Rasmus Harr (IT University of Copenhagen, Center for Computer Games Research, Copenhagen, Denmark), Tasha Buch (School of Education, University of Aarhus, Department for Educational Anthropology, Copenhagen, Denmark), Thorkild Hanghøj (University of Southern Denmark, Department of Media Science, Odense, Denmark), "Exploring the discrepancy between educational goals and educational game design," 2008, http://www.itu.dk/people/rasmusharr/08_0520ECGBL_paper_final.doc
According to Jan Klabbers, the study of educational games (i.e.
AND
afford pupils’ critical inquiry and bridge the discrepancy between educational means and ends.

First, a limited topic of discussion that provides for equitable ground is key to decision-making and advocacy skills in every and all facets of life ——— even if their position is contestable that’s distinct from it being valuably debatable—-this still provides room for flexibility, creativity, and innovation, but targets the discussion to avoid mere statements of fact—-T debates also solve any possible turn
Steinberg 26 Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Second, political simulations in a game-setting are good for education and decision-making ——- Defined rules, a stable topic, and institutional role playing are key
Lantis 8 (Jeffrey S. Lantis is Professor in the Department of Political Science and Chair of the
International Relations Program at The College of Wooster, "The State of the Active Teaching and Learning Literature", http://www.isacompss.com/info/samples/thestateoftheactiveteachingandlearningliterature_sample.pdf)
Simulations, games, and role-play represent a third important set of active
AND
topic, the development of empathy, and acquisition and retention of  knowledge.

Third, the aff’s method destroys argument testing and political solutions ——- decision-making skills become ignored for unaccountable policymaking
Chandler 9 (David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, "Questioning Global Political Activism", What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh,  pp. 81-2)
However, politics is no less important to many of us today. Politics still
AND
peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rufus King JL | Judge: Tyler Thur

Iran Sanctions

Congress will hold off on sanctions now –top of the docket
Zengerle 11-21 (Patricia, "UPDATE 2-Reid pledges to move ahead with Iran sanctions in U.S. Senate", Reuters, November 21, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/21/iran-nuclear-sanctions-reid-idUSL2N0J615720131121)
A sanctions bill has been held up in the Senate Banking Committee for months,
AND
coming weeks" to pass bipartisan legislation to impose new sanctions on Iran.

Plan is unpopular – green energy
Ludwig 6/28 (Mike Ludwig, 6/28/13 "Why Big Coal and the Anti-Frackers Are Up in Arms Over Obamas Climate Plan", http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/17272-why-big-coal-and-the-anti-frackers-are-up-in-arms-over-obamas-climate-plan)
President Obama laid out an ambitious national plan to tackle climate change last Tuesday that
AND
be raising this issue at the White House with the president later today."

Poltical capital key to negotiations
Leverett and Leverett 10/4 (Flynt Leverett, Professor at Pennsylvania State University’s School of International Affairs and is a Visiting Scholar at Peking University’s School of International Studies, and Hillary Mann Leverett, Senior Professorial Lecturer at the American University in Washington, DC and a Visiting Scholar at Peking University in Beijing, China, "Nuclear Negotiations and America’s Moment of Truth About Iran", http://goingtotehran.com/nuclear-negotiations-and-americas-moment-of-truth-about-iran, November 4, 2013)
As the parties prepare for the next round of P5+1 nuclear talks with
AND
standing as a great power depends significantly on his readiness to do so. 

Deal key to regional stability —- multiple scenarios
Saless 9-10 (Shahir Shahid,- political analyst and journalist, writing primarily about Iran’s domestic and foreign affairs  for the Asia Times and IranAmerica "A Chance at Last")
Iran’s economy is in crisis. Inflation is skyrocketing, unemployment—especially among the
AND
else to lose, it could take an irrational and potentially dangerous path.  

Global nuclear war
Primakov ’09 - Doctor of Economics, Professor, executive member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Head of the Center for Situational Analysis at the Russian Academy of Sciences
Yevgeny Primakov is President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation; Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences; member of the Editorial Board of Russia in Global Affairs. The Fundamental Conflict: The Middle East Problem in the Context of International Relations. Russia in Global Affairs Vol 7 No 3. 2009. http://kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/105702/ichaptersection_singledocument/71a40dca-23cb-411d-9c5d-a7ce495e2522/en/12.pdf
The Middle East conflict is unparalleled in terms of its potential for spreading globally.
AND
seems that President Obama’s position does not completely rule out such a possibility.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Rowland Hall RW | Judge: Ivanovic

1NC Lacan

The modern society of enjoyment perpetuates the idea that through constant motion we can eliminate the gap inherent to subjectivity
McGowan 04 ~Todd McGowan. "The End of Dissatisfaction?" State University of New York Press. 2004.~ AP
For Kushner, our failure to address the AIDS crisis results from an inability to
AND
experience of dissatisfaction, to imagine ourselves in a state of complete enjoyment.

The impact is violence – as the fantasy fails the only option is to find an external enemy to blame in order to sustain our internal conception of totality
Stavrakakis 99 ~Yannis Stavrakakis, member of the Essex School of Discourse Analysis. "Lacan 26 the Political." Routledge.~ AP
In the light of our theoretical framework, fantasy can only exist as the negation
AND
cohesion, it brought totalitarian coercion. (Talmon, 1971:95) 

The alternative is to engage in the Act – in the face of the decision of action presented by the 1AC, we instead make the impossible Third choice to disengage from the moment and reorient ourselves in terms of the problem – only then can we disengage from fantasy
Zizek 06 ~Slavoj Zizek. "The Parallax View." MIT Press. February 17, 2006.~ AP
The universe of cartoons obeys two opposing rules, both of which violate the logic
AND
itself (in the Bergsonian sense of inserting a new possibility into it).

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Cy Smith

Need a Plan Text

Vote Negative:
First, the Aff should lose—lack of a concrete plan makes any positive change impossible either in debate or the world at large and only empowers reactionary forces—they undermine the purpose of debate which is to teach us good decision-making skills that we can use in any context

Second, this is not a framework argument—whether debate is about policy, activism, or identity, plans are necessary for practical reasons—this is a solvency turn, not a normative rule or a theory argument

Third, it undermines clash—it’s impossible to engage their ideas if we don’t know what they are—that clash is critical to develop strategies and test ideas which eventually result in social change
BRANHAM 1995 (Robert, Professor of Rhetoric at Bates College, Argumentation and Advocacy, Winter)
In the years following his release from prison, Malcolm X honed his speaking skills
AND
his own, which shone most brightly in the light generated by confrontation.

And, their strategy allows vague shifting which conceals weaknesses and results in manipulation that turns their impact
GALLES 2009 (Gary, Professor of Economics at Pepperdine, "Vagueness as a Political Strategy," March 2, http://blog.mises.org/archives/author/gary_galles/)
The problem with such vagueness is that any informed public policy decision has to be
AND
, it virtually ensures bad policy, if Americans’ welfare is the criterion.

Tournament: Cal Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Tigard HP | Judge: Kinsee Gaither

1NC Nietzsche

The affirmative is fixated on ending suffering – but in the process it negates the very things making life worth living. We must embrace the nature of existence as chaotic and painful in order to truly live.
Kain 07, professor of philosophy at Santa Clara Philip J., "Nietzsche, Eternal Recurrence, and the Horror of Existence," Journal of Nietzsche Studies 33 (2007), 49-63
Why is it best never to have been born? Because all we can expect
AND
at all. That cannot be changed—it can only be concealed. 

The aff’s focus on the transformation into a world without suffering resents the only world we have – this hatred of the status quo destroys capacity for the affirmation of life
Turanli 2003 (Aydan, Prof of Humynities and Soc Sciences @ Istanbul Technical Institute, "Nietzsche and the Later Wittgenstein: An Offense to the Quest for Another World" Journal of Nietzsche Studies 26)
The craving for absolutely general specifications results in doing metaphysics. Unlike Wittgenstein,
AND
the way out of the fly-bottle" (PI §309).

Embrace the status quo. We must first affirm the horror of all existence to in order to affirm the beauty of life
Sadegh Kabeer, doctoral candidate in Middle Eastern politics and previously worked as a journalist based in the United Arab Emirates, 2008
http://www.eterazonline.com/2008_03_01_archive.html
Salomé argues that after his conception of the eternal recurrence Nietzsche became transfigured. His
AND
state is possible which no utopian has yet reached21lxxxiii

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rufus King JL | Judge: Tyler Thur
Alternative energy production is re-appropriated by dominant economic structures to sidestep genuine criticism – traditional politics is co-opted – the permutation can’t solve  
Byrne and Toley 6 (John – Head of the Center for Energy and Environmental
AND
sustainable energy initiative with social movements to address a comprehensive agenda of change. 

Energy centralization makes extinction inevitable – exacerbates structural violence – Tech Optimism makes the aff epistemologically suspect
Byrne and Toley 6 (John – Head of the Center for Energy and Environmental a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse," p. 1-32)
From climate change to acid rain, contaminated landscapes, mercury pollution, and biodiversity
AND
facilitating the abstraction of production and consumption from non-economic social values.

Vote neg - methodological investigation is a prior question to the aff – strict policy focus creates a myth of objectivity that sustains a violent business-as-usual approach
Scrase and Ockwell 10 (J. Ivan - Sussex Energy Group, SPRU (Science and Technology Policy Research), Freeman Centre, University of Sussex, David G - Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, SPRU, Freeman Centre, University of Sussex, "The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction," Energy Policy: Volume 38, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 2225–2233)
The way in which energy policy is "framed" refers to the underlying assumptions
AND
Dryzek et al., 2003—these are explored in detail further below).

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Juan Diego WF | Judge: Nathaniel Haas

1NC Security

Insecurity is inevitable – their ontological commitment to global order renders all life calculable and is the root cause of violent conflict.
Burke 7 (Anthony Burke, Int’l Studies @ U of New South Wales, "Ontologies of War," in Theory 26 Event, Vol. 10, Iss. 2)
By itself, such an account of the nationalist ontology of war and security provides
AND
human lives are reduced to tools, obstacles, useful or obstinate matter. 

Alternative: reject the security fetishism of the aff, their flawed methodology and discourse to eschew the logic of security.

The alternative solves- breaking out of our obsession with security allows alternative relationships to the future
Neocleous 2008 (Mark is a Professor at Brunel University, Critique of Political Economy; Head of Department of Politics 26 History, he joined Brunel University in the Department of Government in 1994. Since then he has published numerous books and articles. His most recent work has been towards the development of a critique of security. "CRITIQUE OF SECURITY" 2008. Pg. 185-186, MT)

The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is
AND

it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift.143

Critical interrogations come before policies – they must justify securitization before they get their aff
Cheeseman and Bruce, 96 – *Senior Lecturer at New South Wales and Associate Professor in Social Sciences at Curtin University (*Graeme and Robert, "Discourses of Danger 26 Dread Frontiers", p. 5-9, 1996)

This goal is pursued in ways which are still unconventional in the intellectual milieu of
AND
resistant to them, or choose not to understand them, and why?

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek | Judge: Bruce Miller
Syria
Syria will be passed in Congress now
Frenzel 9/6 -- budget and tax policy writer @ Forbes (Ben, 2013, and#34;By Dropping Syria In Congressand#39; Lap, Obama Creates The Worst Of The Bad Old Days,and#34; http://www.forbes.com/sites/billfrenzel/2013/09/06/by-dropping-syria-in-congress-lap-obama-creates-the-worst-of-the-bad-old-days/)

Congress seems to be moving toward the ratification of the President’s modest military intervention.
AND
. Capital spent on Syria is capital not available for looming domestic problems.

The plan sparks backlash over the process of ratification, and requires Presidential involvement
Phil Taylor 13, EandE Reporter, 1/9/13, “EandE: U.S.-Mexico transboundary agreement mired in Congress,” http://www.bromwichgroup.com/2013/01/ee-offshore-drilling-u-s-mexico-transboundary-agreement-mired-in-congress/
It is unclear who in the Senate objected to the agreement’s passage, but sources
AND
not consult with them before pushing the agreement through in the lame duck.

Political capital is key – every ounce counts
Lewis 8/31 (Paul – The Guardian, “Battle looms in Congress as Obama makes Syria a vast political gamble”, 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/31/barack-obama-syria-congress-vote)
Barack Obama has taken a potentially huge political gamble by putting the decision over whether
AND
things are more important than partisan differences or the politics of the momentand#34;.

Strikes are key to Obama’s credibility – prevents U.S/Korean nuclear war
Friedman 13
George, Chairman of Stratfor,  Obamaand#39;s Bluff, 8/27/13, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/obamas-bluff
This is no longer simply about Syria. The United States has stated a condition
AND
misdeeds that are part of war regardless of the purity of the intent. 

Korean instability causes nuclear war
Chol 11
Kim Myong Chol is author of a number of books and papers in Korean, Japanese and English on North Korea, including Kim Jong-iland#39;s Strategy for Reunification. He has a PhD from the Democratic Peopleand#39;s Republic of Koreaand#39;s Academy of Social Sciences and#34;Dangerous gamesand#34; Aug 20 www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/MH20Dg01.html
The divided and heavily armed Korean Peninsula remains the most inflammable global flashpoint, with
AND
each spewing as much radioactive fallout as 150-180 H-bombs.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Eric Short

T Substantial (Population)

1. interpretation -
   "Substantially" means at least 90 of the people
   Words 26 Phrases 5 (40B, p. 329)
   N.H. 1949. -The word "substantially" as used in
   AND
   2d 861, 96 N.H. l.-Tax347.1.

2. Violation - The aff won’t affect 90 of the population—they will only affect 1 person 

3. Vote Neg
a.  limits – allowing affs that don’t affect the topic country skews the resolution—allows for any aff that sends aid to ONE person. 

b. negative ground – topic disads won’t link to minor investments

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek | Judge: Bruce Miller
T- Trade
Interpretation - Economic engagement is long-term strategy for promoting structural linkage between two economies
Mastanduno, 1 – professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Michael, “Economic Engagement Strategies: Theory and Practice” http://web.archive.org/web/20120906033646/http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/bpollins/book/Mastanduno.pdf
The basic causal logic of economic engagement, and the emphasis on domestic politics,
AND
chain runs from economic interdependence through domestic political change to foreign policy accommodation.

Violation – the plan is an economic inducement – engagement requires trade promotion
Celik, 11 – master’s student at Uppsala University (Department of Peace and Conflict Research) (Arda, Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/175204/economic-sanctions-and-engagement-policies)
Literature of liberal school points out that economic engagement policies are significantly effective tools for
AND
believes in that economic linkages have political transformation potential.(Kroll,1993)

Tournament: Cal Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Tigard HP | Judge: Kinsee Gaither

Unemployment Politics

Unemployment will pass – will get the votesMimms 2/7  Sarah. "Why Democrats Will Win on Unemployment Insurance"  February 7, 2014. http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/why-democrats-will-win-on-unemployment-insurance-20140207
For the fifth time this year, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid brought an unemployment
AND
, Senate Republicans want to have a chance at an open amendment process.

Plan Causes Massive backlash
The Register 4-21 ("The Cuban chill", April 21st, 2013, http://www.registerguard.com/rg/opinion/29740770-78/cuba-lobby-policy-china-political.html.csp)
After the pop icons’ recent trip to the island to celebrate their wedding anniversary,
AND
consult Menendez on any change in U.S. policy toward Cuba.

Obama’s capital is key to votes
The Hill 2/3/14 (Justin Sink Amie arnes and Mike Lillis, "High Anxiety for Obama and Democrats")
A House Democratic leadership aide said in their meeting with the president, lawmakers will
AND
be looking for a continuation of the same themes Tuesday during their meeting. 

Unemployment legislation key to economic recovery
Harkin 2/5 Tim. "Extending unemployment benefits will help many" January 5, 2014. http://www.press-citizen.com/article/D5/20140206/OPINION02/302060012/Extending-unemployment-benefits-will-help-many
For too many workers, that is the reality in our country today. The
AND
, helping businesses to keep up sales as the economy continues to recover.

Global war
ROYAL ’10 – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.