Tournament: Contact Information | Round: 1 | Opponent: Me | Judge: Me
If I don't have something on here it's probably not on purpose so just hmu for da cites; renniepasquinelli@gmail.com

Tournament: Lexington | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Bronx Science | Judge:
Solving for speciesism comes first
Pugliese 13 (Joseph, Research Director, MMCCS @ Macquarie U, State Violence and the Execution of Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of Torture, Black Sites, Drones pg 36-37, dml)
We disagree with the author’s use of gendered language
Here Foucault offers us an alternative … in terms of the very ethicity of ethics.

Anthropocentricism is the root cause of forms of oppression and exclusion
Best 7 (Dr. Steven, Associate Professor, Departments of Humanities and Philosophy, University of Texas, El Paso. Reviewing: Charles Patterson, The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust New York: Lantern Books, 2002, 280 pp., Journal of Critical Animal Studies, Vol. 5, Issue 2, we don’t endorse trivialization of the Holocaust)
We disagree with the author’s use of gendered language
The Origins of Hierarchy "As long as men massacre animals… and the ongoing pogrom against animals.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 3 | Opponent: TCC CC | Judge: Tara Tate
A. At base the affirmative is an attempt to order nature around humyn needs. They remove the embargo, but the ultimate goal is to create a more sustainable world that better meets the agricultural needs of people. The goal of producing maximum yields is based on techno-capitalist logic that posits all things as resources to be used to further humynity, this reduces humynity and the world to the standing reserve.
Von Maltzahn 94 (Kraft, Nature as Landscape: Dwelling and Understanding 48-50, 1994)
The conservationist wants to preserve … the productions of crops

B. The impact is a loss of being, destroys value to life
Kinsella 7 (William, assoc prof communications @ NC state “Heidegger and Being at the Hanford Reservation: Standing Reserve, Enframing, and Environmental Communication Theory” Environmental Communication Vol. 1, No. 2)
Heidegger believed that … the call of a more primal truth

Tournament: Scranton | Round: 3 | Opponent: U Prep DK | Judge: Daryl Burch
Their silence is a loaded presence - their forgetting of the non-humyn world and the individualistic formation of agency ensures the replication of prevailing anthropocentric power relations
Bell and Russell 2K (Anne C. by graduate students in the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University and Constance L. a graduate student at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3-bell.pdf)//RSW
For this reason, the various movements … anthropocentrism passes unchallenged. 1
Speciesism makes unspeakable violence banal and legitimizes genocide against all forms of life
Kochi and Ordan 8 Tarik Kochi and Noam Ordan, “An Argument for the Global Suicide of Humanity,” borderlands, vol. 7 no. 3, 2008, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf
Within the picture many paint of humanity … dialectical standpoint in thought.
The alternative is to reject the aff to embrace inevitable extinction through the global suicide of humynity as a thought experiment – that allows us to break free of humyn-centered ethics
Kochi and Ordan 8 (Tarik, lecturer in the School of Law, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, and Noam, linguist and translator, conducts research in Translation Studies at Bar Ilan University, Israel, 'An argument for the global suicide of humanity', Borderlands, December 2008)
The version of progress enunciated … The moral act would be the global suicide of humanity.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Iowa City West | Judge:
Bioterror rhetoric obscures structural violence and has no basis
Finnegan 11 Cara A., Associate Professor in the Departments of Speech Communication and Art History at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign  Quarterly Journal of Speech  Volume 97, Issue 2, 2011  Review Essay: Addressing the Epidemic of Epidemics: Germs, Security, and a Call for Biocriticism  View full text Download full text Full access DOI:10.1080/00335630.2011.565785 Cara A. Finnegan pages 224-244, 29 Apr 2011
Second, the proliferation of risk discourses surrounding contagion demands … elaboration, and consequences of our rhetorics of pathogenic risk.35

Tournament: Michigan RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wayzata | Judge: Weston
A. The plan is a vehicle for capitalist exploitation – US economic engagement becomes a tool for military intervention and US security interests while strengthening its economic grip over Latin America
Jacobs 4 (Jamie Elizabeth, Assistant Prof of Polisci at West Virginia U, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America,"  Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152, MUSE)
The advance of neoliberalism suffers … state sovereignty in the South

B. Resisting this reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale
Zizek and Daly 4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pgs. 14-16, 2004)
For Zizek it is imperative that … otherwise sound matrix

C. Our alternative is to completely withdraw from the ideology of capital – this is essential to destroy the fetish that allows capital to survive
Johnston 4 Adrian, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory University, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, December v9 i3 p259, 2004, infotrac
Perhaps the absence of a detailed … I choose fetishism”)

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Maine East HP | Judge: Josh Rivera
Representations of China as a threat ignore the normative value-judgments inherent to the process of claiming to empirically know Chinese national and political identity - this makes security threats self-fulfilling prophecies, turning case
Pan 4 – PhD in Political Science and International Relations and member of the International Studies Association ISA (Chengxin Pan: “The "China threat" in American self-imagination: the discursive construction of other as power politics”, Alternatives RC)
China and its relationship with … 2001 spy-plane incident

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington KK | Judge: Kevin Hirn
The Other is a reflection of the egocentric self – The affirmative visualizes, narrates and records the pain of the victimized subject from a position of power and safety – this imperial gaze produces knowledge that serves two functions:

1. It maps the Other into a subject position defined by victimhood and establishes the ability of the West to judge, discipline and govern alterity from above.

2. It places the West back in the center of the Other’s narrative – by establishing the Other as victim, we establish our own society’s position as the evil conqueror – our character has changed, but our role in the play has not
Spurr 93 (Professor of English at University of Illinois, The Rhetoric of Empire p. 15-17)
In their disparate ways,  … the larger system of order.

They take the position of the Maoist – the western intellectual, the subaltern is subsequently reduced to a fungible object, a passive object for the consumption of the debate community – the affirmative absorbs the power of alterity only to toss its carcass back into the dust, ensuring continual oppression.
Chow 93 Rey Chow, Comparative Literature—Brown University,
Writing Diaspora, pg. 12-15, 1993
In the 1980s and 1990s, however, the Maoist is disillusioned …  of this overdetermined circuit? 

Mastering knowledge of the Other causes the destruction of alterity. Their attempts to fill in the blind spots in our map of all human interaction ensures that we can only see the individuals they debate about as targets for US bombs.
Chow 6 (Rey Chow, Humanities and Modern Culture and Media Studies at Brown University, 2006 The Age of the World Target: Self-Referentiality in War, Theory, and Comparative Work, 40-1)
Often under the modest apparently innocuous … “the problem of the vanishing object.”

The alternative is academic exile—a disavowal of our superiority as intellectuals. In giving up our role as an observer, a speaker for the Other, we escape the confines and boundaries that the nation-state places on critical discourse. The rejection of the affirmative is the proverbial recognition that the panoptic, intellectualization they utilize deprives alterity of the very terms of their oppression, and that the position of the exile is a better ontological framework for criticism
Biswas 7 (Shampa BISWAS, Politics @ Whitman, “Empire and Global Public Intellectuals: Reading Edward Said as an International Relations Theorist,” Millennium 36)
Said has written extensively and poignantly … the perfect man has extinguished his.

Tournament: Lexington | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Bronx Science | Judge:
The demarcation of community is an act of setting boundaries for exclusion - the maintenance of communities requires defense of borders keeping outsiders out while fascistically manipulating the identities of those within.
Calderwood 00 Patricia E. Calderwood, Assistant professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Fairfield University. “When Community Fails to Transform: Raveling and Unraveling a “Community of Writers”” The Urban Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2000
The root of the term community (Williams, 1976) … Competent membership within community must be learned.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Maine East HP | Judge: Josh Rivera
The fantasy that we are the omniscient Masters that can conquer and defeat the violence that permeates our internal order plagues the international system. The ideology and desire of late capitalism and modernity structure this fantasy to overcome and conquer the psychic death drive. This fantasmic desire to overcome the drive produces an endless cycle of error replication because we repeatedly mistarget the sources of conflict and violence.  This cycle is an inevitable march toward ultimate destruction.
Paradoxically, the drive structures the logic of the international system, yet also poses as the radical possibility to move beyond it.  Acknowledging that death is not the mark of humyn finitude allows us to take pleasure in the pain of continually missing our goal.  This confrontation with the death drive allows for a radical break beyond this cycle of violence and corruption.       
Zizek 99 Slavoj, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, The Ticklish Subject, pgs. 293- 29, 1999
The lesson of drive is that we are … repeatedly missing one’s goal 

To confront the internal order constituted by the death drive, we must accept the apolitical and destructive logic of the status quo. Any partial embracing of the death drive is underwritten by the desire to avoid authentically confronting it and to violently maintain the ideological fantasies of Truth and Goodness.
Zizek 99 Slavoj, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, The Ticklish Subject, pgs. 160- 61, 1999 In Lacanese, the subject prior … the direct rule of the Truth and/or Goodness 

The inevitable disorder of the international system confronts us with two options: to fear collapse of the system and uphold and police it with genocidal and totalitarian results, or to make the move to confront the radical possibilities offered by the death drive…

Our specific interrogation of how the death drive and the fantasy of defecting this drive manifests itself within the Obama Administration and military policy allows us to untie the ideological knot that holds together the entire international order.
Zizek 99 Slavoj, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, The Ticklish Subject, pgs. 175-76, 1999
Ridiculous as this notion of the ‘typical’ … actually does cure by addressing the sinthome 

Our radical authentic call to recognize the manifestation of global violence becomes a universal call to expose the violence underlying the entire international order. Attempts to eliminate or isolate parts of our call locks the demand within the apolitical and “safe” space of the particular, which only reproduces the violence and prevents radical solutions.
Zizek 99 Slavoj, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, The Ticklish Subject, pg. 204, 1999
Let us recall the standard example … the dimension beyond particularity

Recognition of the death drive abolishes the source of totalitarian temptations – our attempt to articulate a new way of living is the only hope to break away from our violent international order.
Zizek 99 Slavoj, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, The Ticklish Subject, pgs. 390-91, 1999
On the other hand … order is profoundly misleading

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Maine East HP | Judge: Josh Rivera
Dooms day scenarios are a lie used to ensure the power and control of the state
Coviello 2K Peter, “Queer Frontiers: Apocalypse from Now On,” Ch. 2, pgs. 40-41, 2000
But to claim that American culture … that can scarcely be done without.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles West TA | Judge: Mitchel Caminer
Environmental apocalypticism causes eco-authoritarianism and mass violence against those deemed environmental threats – also causes political apathy which turns case
Buell 3 (Frederick Buell, cultural critic on the environmental crisis and a Professor of English at Queens College and the author of five books; “From Apocalypse To Way of Life,” pg. 185-186)
Looked at critically … or even cut off ties to clearly terminal “nature.”

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Maine East HP | Judge: Josh Rivera
Existential threats increase mortality salience – that triggers paralysis and out-group scapegoating globally
Fritsche and Häfner 12 (Immo, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, and Katrin, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, “The Malicious Effects of Existential Threat on Motivation to Protect the Natural Environment and the Role of Environmental Identity as a Moderator” Environment and Behavior, Vol. 44)
Interestingly, neither egoistic … existential threat has on how people mentally represent the environment crisis

Tournament: Dexter | Round: Finals | Opponent: TCC CT | Judge: Hosford, Dodson, Brundage
The word “fetish” carries the irrational connotation derived from the European slave traders’ depictions of African religions and the xenophobia inherent in the use of the term “fetish.” This concept carries the baggage of the torture and execution of people who used objects labeled “feitshs” in French colonial Africa – vote to reject this racist analysis.
Wexler 1 Anna, PhD., Harvard, Research in African Literatures 32.1 (2001) 83-97, 2001
Unable, by virtue of experience … often burned alive (see Fick)

Their expository desire to reveal our fetishes to us serves a double function as a mode of repression of otherness on the behalf of the observer - reject this xenophobic-coping mechanism.
Winokur 4 Mark, technologies of race: special effects, fetish, film, and the 15th century, “genders”: 40, 2004
I use Ian’s account of the correlation … the observer’s fear of cultural otherness

Tournament: Michigan RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Whitney Young | Judge: Gibson
A) Interpretation: Your decision should answer the resolutional question: Is the enactment of topical action implemented by the United States federal government better than the status quo or a competitive option? This interpretation is most predictable given the wording of the resolution. 

1. The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon—the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters
   Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing 2k
   Use of a colon … a capital letter. 

2. “Resolved” proves the framework for the resolution is to enact a policy.
Words and Phrases 1964
Permanent Edition Definition of the word … meaning “to establish by law”

3. “Should” denotes an expectation the aff will be enacted.
American Heritage Dictionary 2k
Used to express probability or expectation 

4. The USFG is the government in Washington D.C.
Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k http://encarta.msn.com
“The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC“ 

B) Violation: The affirmative does not defend the passage of a policy by the United States federal government.  Instead, they ask the judge to vote based on a discursive appeal to ethics.

C) Vote Negative:

1) Ground –
a) Without defending a concrete action, the aff creates a vacuum where an infinite number of discursive appeals could be enacted by an infinite number of agents. Only our interpretation guarantees political process ground.
Mearsheimer, 95 (John, Professor of Political Science at University of Chicago, International Security, v. 19, Winter)
There is another problem … new hegemonic discourse 

b) Contextual Ground - Predictive literature about the aff demand’s effects on the world is based in the assumptions that the aff rejects.  They argue that their ethic changes the world so dramatically that none of our evidence contextualizing their policy applies.  This hurts our ability to research offense to their advocacy

2) Limits –
a) There are limitless contexts through which the they can advocate their position, making it impossible for us to debate them on it.
Shively 2K  (Ruth Lessl, Associate Professor of Political Science at Texas AandM,  Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 181-2)
The requirements given thus far … basic agreement or harmony 

b) There are infinite contexts and avenues through which the aff could claim to advocate their plan.  Our interpretation limits debate to promote politically relevant dialogue and structured communication.
Lutz, Prof PolSci U of Huston, 2k (Donald, Political Theory and Partisan Politics p 39-40)
Aristotle notes in the Politics … natural human passions 

3) Education – 

A) Switch Side Debate
Muir 93 Star A,- Associate Professor of Communication at George Mason U., Philosophy and Rhetoric, “A Defense of Contemporary Debate”
Only an activity that requires … reasoned moral identity 

B) Topic Specific Education
Rawls 99 John, The Law of Peoples, 1999, p. 56-57 To answer this question … understanding among peoples 

C) Our education outweighs – focus on government policy is key to alleviate real world suffering.  
Rorty 98 (Professor of Comparative Literature and Philosophy at Stanford University, 1998 Achieving Our Country, Richard, p. 98-9)
The cultural Left often … might revitalize leftist politics

d) Our interpretation is most predictable because it is based on definitions and rules of grammar.  

e) Critical Thinking – understanding the complexity of public policy is key to check dogmatism
Keller et. al 1 Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost
Social workers have … pertaining to the issue 

4) Extra topicality – advantages that occur with the endorsement of the plan text but absent government action are extra topical and destroy predictability.  This is an independent reason to vote negative.

Tournament: Scranton | Round: 5 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge: Aubrey Temple
A. Interpretation - The affirmative must advocate only the immediate passage and implementation of a policy by the United States federal government.  This interpretation is most predictable given the wording of the resolution.
“Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum
Army Officer School 4 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces … this council petition the mayor.
“USFG should” means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means
Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy … the future action that you propose.
The USFG is the government in Washington D.C.
Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k http://encarta.msn.com
“The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC”
B. Vote Negative:

1. Limits:
   a. There are limitless contexts through which they can advocate their position, making it impossible for us to debate them on it.
   Shively 2K  (Ruth Lessl, Associate Professor of Political Science at Texas AandM,  Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 181-2)
   The requirements given thus … agreement or harmony.
   b. There are infinite contexts and avenues through which the aff could claim to advocate their plan.  Our interpretation limits debate to promote politically relevant dialogue and structured communication.
   Lutz 2k (Donald, Prof PolSci U of Huston, Political Theory and Partisan Politics p 39-40)
   Aristotle notes in the Politics that political theory  … the fault may well lie in the theory
   2. Decision-making:
   a. Debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis - that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims, which destroys the critical thinking and clash
   Steinberg and Freeley 13 David Director of Debate at U Miami, Former President of CEDA, officer, American Forensic Association and National Communication Association. Lecturer in Communication studies and rhetoric. Advisor to Miami Urban Debate League, Masters in Communication, and Austin, JD, Suffolk University, attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, Argumentation and Debate Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, Thirteen Edition
   Debate is a means of settling … which will be outlined in the following discussion.
   b. They undermine debate’s most portable and flexible skills – decision-making is key to all facets of life
   Steinberg and Freeley 13 David Director of Debate at U Miami, Former President of CEDA, officer, American Forensic Association and National Communication Association. Lecturer in Communication studies and rhetoric. Advisor to Miami Urban Debate League, Masters in Communication, and Austin, JD, Suffolk University, attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, Argumentation and Debate Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, Thirteen Edition
   We disagree with the author’s use of gendered language
   In the spring of 2011 … evidence and valid reasoning.
   c. Linking the ballot to a should question in combination with USFG simulation teaches the skills to organize pragmatic consequences and philosophical values into a course of action – that’s the core of switch side debate
   Hanghøj 8 Thorkild. Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish¶ Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of¶ Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have¶ taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the¶ Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab¶ Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where he currently works as an assistant¶ professor. “Playful Knowledge: An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming” PhD Dissertation at The Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark.  2008, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
   Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s pragmatism ... problem-based scenarios.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: Octas | Opponent: St Ignatius | Judge:
The discourse of American exceptionalism creates a system of manichaeistic domination that justifies endless violence
Porotsky 13 (Sophia Porotsky, MA honors candidate in international relations at the University of St Andrews, April 26th, 2013, “Pax Americana: The Successful Securitization of the Triple Threat of Terrorism, “Outlaw” Regimes, and Weapons of Mass Destruction,” http://www.academia.edu/3482477/Pax_Americana_The_Successful_Securitization_of_the_
Triple_Threat_of_Terrorism_Outlaw_Regimes_and_Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction)
In legitimizing the “War on Terror” … very questionable human rights practices

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westminster HL | Judge:
The aff's use of the hyphen in their plan creates a hypnotic sensation of irreconcilable ideas that allows for totalitarian domination
Marcuse 64 Herbert Marcuse, Professor at University of California at La Jolla, 1964 One Dimensional Man, http://grace.evergreen.edu/~arunc/texts/frankfurt/marcuse/one dimen/chap4.pdf
In the most advanced sectors of functional and … in operation and only in operation it cannot be otherwise.

Tournament: Lexington | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Bronx Science | Judge:
Valuing indigenous perspectives because of their difference is condescending and creates a static identity trap.
Andersen 9 Chris Michif (Métis) from western Canada. He is an associate professor in the
Faculty of Native Studies @ Alberta “critical indigenous studies From Difference to Density” Cultural Studies Review 15 (2) p.88-90, 2009
Champagne’s abstraction, imprecision and internal … produced in and by white society.

Their appeal to indigenous experience and culture shields oppressive politics.
Chow 98 Rey Modern Culture and Media @ Brown, Ethics After Idealism p.8-9, 1998
On the other hand, precisely because of the obstinacy … that is within an indigenous culture.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles West TA | Judge: Mitchel Caminer
Their endorsement of nuclear war as a singular event ignores the ongoing nuclear violence against the peripheral Fourth World. Failure to recognize this violence legitimizes the genocidal nuclear war against the periphery – it must be rejected.
Kato 93 Masahide, Dept. of Poli Sci, University of Hawaii, “Nuclear Globalism: Travesing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze,” Alternatives, Vol 18, No. 3, 1993
The vigorous invasion … almost on a daily basis

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Dexter SM | Judge: Ezra Louvis
The United States federal government should regularize its trade relations with Cuba. 

Their use of the word “normal” comes with real world consequences and affects everyone – now is the key time to rethink it’s usage
Maisel 11 Eric, Ph.D., psychotherapist, “What Do We Mean by 'Normal'?” Rethinking Psychology, November 15, 2011, http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/rethinking-psychology/201111/what-do-we-mean-normal
We disagree with the author’s use of gendered language
It is past time that we rethink what we mean ... and its institutions define "normal."

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 3 | Opponent: TCC CC | Judge: Tara Tate
Our psyche is defined by a constant structured flow of anxiety and insecurity -- we are always removed from a state of total fulfillment-- in this sense security is a fantasy that we pursue but never achieve. Nuclear weapons are the product of a structural anxiety - when we experience insecurity our response to this has been to repress this anxiety by projecting it onto others - we use nuclear weapons to dominate other countries into feelings of powerless insecurity through the threat of imminent destruction - believing that if we can force them to fear us and feel insecurity because of us, we will be protected from our own fears. These psychotic anxieties produce defense mechanisms that make oppression and war inevitable as we constant lash out in order to satiate our desire.
Koehler 5 PhD, New York University, "Psychoanalysis and the Madness of Nuclear Arms," May 7, 2005
Hanna Segal, Kleinian psychoanalyst … from other but also has its roots in ourselves

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles West TA | Judge: Mitchel Caminer
For the aff, our relations to the world are intermediated through fields of knowledge, which we receive through educational institutions.  This perspective is profoundly anthropocentric, omitting the lively influence held by material and non-discursive machines.
Bryant 12 Levi Bryant, teaches philosophy at Collin College, “RSI, Discursivity, Critique, and Politics,” Larval Subjects, 7/18/2012, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/07/18/rsi-discursivity-critique-and-politics/
So in response to a previous post … travel throughout populations)

Knowledge-centric correlationism is disastrous.  It ignores that which isn’t like us, producing ethical oversights and political failures.
Bryant 12 Levi Bryant, “Worries About OOO and Politics,” Larval Subjects, 5/29/2012, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/05/29/worries-about-ooo-and-politics/
2) Correlationism and its … it is not the only one 

Thus, the alternative is to affirm alien phenomenology. Becoming attentive to the activities of nonhumyn objects is a prerequisite to the aff.  This broadens our ethical perspectives and produces more effective political solutions.
Joy 12 Eileen Joy, SIU-Edwardsville Dept. of English Language and Literature, response to “the object industry,” by Alex Reid, Digital Digs, 5/29/2012, http://www.alex-reid.net/2012/05/the-object-industry.html
I’d like to add a few … more to enjoy

Tournament: Dexter | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dow HS | Judge: Marshall Dodson
A. The term “observation” cements the supremacy of the eye
Illich 98 Ivan, “The scopic past and the Ethics of the Gaze,” 1998, http://www.davidtinapple.com/illich/1998_scopic_past.PDF
Gradually, during the sixteenth century … was assigned dominance over the other sences
B. Visual metaphors are the root cause of all oppression and domination
Hibbitt 94 Bernard J., Associate Professor U of Pittsburgh School of Law, “Making Sense of Metaphors: Visuality, Aurality, and the Reconfiguration of American Legal Discourse,” Cardozo Law Review, December, 1994, 16 Cardozo L. Rev. 229, 1994, lexis
The traditional visuality of American … language in their own images

C. Vote negative to reject their use of “observation.” Even if you think that the 1AC is good, it doesn’t matter – you need to reject the metaphor of observation.
Hibbitt 94 Bernard J., Associate Professor U of Pittsburgh School of Law, “Making Sense of Metaphors: Visuality, Aurality, and the Reconfiguration of American Legal Discourse,” Cardozo Law Review, December, 1994, 16 Cardozo L. Rev. 229, 1994, lexis
Regardless of whether metaphors … it is well worth exploring

Tournament: Michigan RR | Round: 8 | Opponent: MBA | Judge: Stephen Weil
Counterplan Text: My partner and I should substantially increase our economic engagement in the area of renewable energy with Mexico. 

The use of the word “it” embodies the I-it relationship, which destroys the possibility of ethical relations and leads to extinction.
Tusabe 95 ("Ethics and Social Reconstruction in Africa," 1995, http://www.crvp.org/book/Series02/II-4/chapter_ii.htm)
We disagree with the author’s use of gendered language
With regard to the co-existent character … higher levels of development 

Their use of the state guarantees mass violence and destroys value to life
Shaffer  7 (Butler teaches at the Southwestern University School of Law. B.S., Law, 1958, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; B.A., Political Science, 1959, and J.D., 1961, University of Chicago; Member, Colorado and Nebraska St
ate Bars. “Identifying With the State” June 29th 2007. http://www.lewrockwell.com/shaffer/shaffer159.html, MT)
we don’t agree with the author’s gendered language and endorsement of the term ‘madmen’
One of the deadliest practices … directed integrity in our lives.

Tournament: Scranton | Round: 5 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge: Aubrey Temple
Performance is not a mode of resistance - it gives too much power to the audience because the performer is structurally blocked from controlling the (re)presentation of their representations.  Appealing to the ballot is a way of turning over one’s identity to the same reproductive economy that underwrites liberalism
Phelan 96—chair of New York University's Department of Performance Studies (Peggy, Unmarked: the politics of performance, ed published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005, 146
Performance’s only life is in the present … memory to become present 

Identity arguments are only ever implicit explanations of the constitutive effects of the social order, never a manifestation of some metaphysical status.  Experience does not create us - we constitute experience and identity in concert with others.  Knowledge of experience is therefore not the province of the individual; instead, we can only know identity through the shared practices that make communities the locus of knowledge production.  
Bhambra and Margree 10—U Warwick—AND—Victoria Margree—School of Humanities, U Brighton (Identity Politics and the Need for a ‘Tomorrow’, http://www.academia.edu/471824/Identity_Politics_and_the_Need_for_a_Tomorrow_)
We suggest that alternative models of identity ... produced by very real actions, practices and projects. 

Trading autobiographical narrative for the ballot commodifies one’s identity and has limited impact on the culture that one attempt’s to reform – when autobiographical narrative “wins,” it subverts its own most radical intentions by becoming an exemplar of the very culture under indictment
Coughlin 95—associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School. (Anne, REGULATING THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PERFORMANCES IN OUTSIDER SCHOLARSHIP, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229)
Although Williams is quick to detect … "to have your dissent and make it too." n205

Resist their frenetic calls for recognizing otherness - inclusion is an empty act of tolerance that ensures nothing really changes – this proves that they don’t solve their own role of the ballot claims.
Zizek 8 (Slavoj, Institute for Social Sciences, Ljubljana, The Prospects of Radical Politics Today, Int’l Journal of Baudrillard Studies, 5;1, 2008)
Let us take two predominant topics of today's … then provides the Darwinian background.3 

Our alternative is to recognize debate as a site of contingent commonality in which we can forge bonds of argumentation beyond identity - the affirmative’s focus on subjectivity abdicates the flux of politics and debate for the incontestable truth of identity – this resistance goes nowhere and hails no vision
Brown 95—prof at UC Berkely (Wendy, States of Injury, 47-51)
The postmodern exposure of the imposed and created  … taste for political argument.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 7 | Opponent: Interdependent | Judge: Christian Palacios
A. The border establishes friend/enemy distinctions- Empirics prove that without it we are subject to state violence
WP 10, Wordpress (August 3, 2010, “Play and state violence at the ‘porous borders’” http://southissouth.wordpress.com/2010/08/03/play-and-state-violence-at-the-porous-borders/)
You hear the notion of … ability to melt power. 

B. This attempt at constant peace leads to more violence because all else that is deemed a threat to the peace must be rooted out and destroyed – leads to worse forms of dehumanization and turns the aff
Rasch ‘5 William Rasch – professor of Germanic Studies, “Lines in the Sand: Enmity as a
Structuring Principle”, published The South Atlantic Quarterly 104:2, Spring 2005, accessed 6/21/13, PDF
In The Concept of the Political … or some other pathological behavior. 

C. The alternative is to embrace enmity, thus rejecting the affirmative’s liberal policies. This allows us to draw clear lines in the sand defining “us” from “them.” Empirically this stops conflict from escalating
Rasch ‘5 William Rasch – professor of Germanic Studies, “Lines in the Sand: Enmity as a
Structuring Principle”, published The South Atlantic Quarterly 104:2, Spring 2005, , PDF
In Nomos, Schmitt describes the now much … that is, just wars fought for a just cause?

Tournament: Michigan RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Whitney Young | Judge: Gibson
The aff’s attempts to speak for the womyn oppressed by maquiladoras is used merely to accomplish their own development goals—this is an act of commodification and oppression.
Linda Martín Alcoff, Department of Philosophy at Syracuse University. 1992, Cultural Critique Winter 1991-92, “The Problem of Speaking For Others,” pp. 5-32
Feminist discourse is not the only site in which the problem…simply restricting the practice to speaking for groups of which one is a member.

The affirmative is a perfect erasure of the other; they craft an image of the other in terms of their own systems of knowledge. This image inevitably overwhelms the other and denies them any sort of individual subjectivity.
Linda Alcoff, Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies and Political Science, Director of Women’s Studies, Syracuse University, 1995, “The Problem of Speaking for Others,” http://www.alcoff.com/content/speaothers.html.
This is partly the case because of what has been called … we are denying a reality of our experiential lives.9

The erasure of the other constitutes a form of spiritual genocide which represents the destruction of human dignity – it outweighs the aff.
Patricia Williams, Associate Professor of Law, The City University of New York Law School at Queens College, September 1987  University of Miami Law Review, 42 U. Miami L. Rev. 127
 There are certain societies that define the limits of … it wipes out what precious little humanity we have left.

Discourses of top-down reform that speak for others are trapped in an oppressive hierarchy of power.  Don’t cast your ballot for the affirmative project of speaking for others.  Reject the aff to sap the power from their discourse to allow the others to speak for themselves.
we do not agree with this author’s use of gendered language
Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, 1972 Libcom.org, “Intellectuals and Power: A Conversation Between Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze,” http://libcom.org/library/intellectuals-power-a-conversation-between-michel-foucault-and-gilles-deleuze
FOUCAULT: It seems to me that the political … the form in which power is most obviously seen as power?...

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Maine East HP | Judge: Josh Rivera
Death and misfortune are inevitable – the joy of life comes in accepting things as they are – their plan only brings about more suffering
Slabbert 1 Jos, Taoist teacher and philosopher, “Tao te Ching: How to Deal with Suffering” http://www.taoism.net/theway/suffer.htm
Dealing with loss … the more damage it will do.

Thus, we must forego all action to achieve desired ends.
Kirkland, 96 Russell Kirkland, Associate Professor of Religion (and Asian Studies), “The Book of the Way,” 24-29, http://kirkland.myweb.uga.edu/rk/pdf/pubs/DAODE.pdf
The teachings of the Daode jing … and nothing can thwart its unceasing operation.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Iowa City West | Judge:
The affirmative’s evocation of the terrorist threat is not objective - it’s based on flawed information and is used to define an Orientalist/Western identity—this framing creates a self-fulfilling prophecy, and makes an effective response impossible.
Jackson 7 (Richard, Reader in International Politics, currently working on an ESRC-funded project in collaboration with Dr Matt McDonald (Warwick) on ‘The Coalition of the Willing and the Construction of Security’, “Constructing Enemies: ‘Islamic Terrorism’ in Political and Academic Discourse,” Government and Opposition, Vol. 42, No. 3, pgs. 394–426, 2007)
We disagree with the author’s use of gendered language
Employing the same social scientific modes of analysis, terminology … current policies are likely to be ineffective and a waste of resources.

Tournament: Michigan | Round: Octas | Opponent: St Ignatius | Judge:
Water wars discourse locks in Northern security interests and trades off with addressing root causes of environmental degradation
Barnett 2K (Jon, Senior Lecturer, School of Anthropology, Geography, and Environmental Studies, University of Melbourne; Ph.D., Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, "Destabilizing the Environment-Conflict Thesis," Review of International Studies 26(2): 271–288)
In the final analysis, the more telling …economic defence of Northern lifestyles.