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Greenhill Meng-Ranganathan Aff
Last modified by Michael Meng on 2014/01/02 23:03
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| GRapevine | 4 | Clear Lake |
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| Grapevine | 5 | StMarks JM | Yao Yao, Chen |
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| Grapevine | 1 | Houston memorial |
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| Grapevine 1AC | 5 | StMarks | Yao Yao |
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| Greenhill RR | 2 | Westminster HL | Kirk, Evans and Sanchez, Sara |
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| St Marks | 2 | Trinity Valley | Bruce Miller |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| GRapevine | 4 | Opponent: Clear Lake | Judge: West is best! |
| Grapevine | 5 | Opponent: StMarks JM | Judge: Yao Yao, Chen 2NR K-shenanigans |
| Grapevine | 1 | Opponent: Houston memorial | Judge: Fem K |
| Grapevine 1AC | 5 | Opponent: StMarks | Judge: Yao Yao 1AC opensource |
| Greenhill RR | 2 | Opponent: Westminster HL | Judge: Kirk, Evans and Sanchez, Sara Neetzcheee K |
| St Marks | 2 | Opponent: Trinity Valley | Judge: Bruce Miller shenanigans |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
1ACTournament: Grapevine 1AC | Round: 5 | Opponent: StMarks | Judge: Yao Yao 1AC – Agriculture new guest-worker programs. US ag is the crux of global food prices—exporter of key crops t, what is going to happen to the rest of the world? Recent food price spike is spurring social tension with the CCP accompanied price increases. Summer Floods devastated Chinese food output have been affected by the floods. Almost 3,000 soldiers are helping with relief efforts, reports say. Food instability collapses the CCP genocidal civil war waiting to happen. Collapse causes nuclear lashout and forever gone!” Global food wars are approaching---increased US supply is vital supplies and peoples' need to secure them. 1AC – DHS U.S. officials need to do more for the rural areas. proved that beyond any doubt. It is good that in principle, the Gang of 8 recognizes this, but their proposal fails to meet their principle. Congress must amend this bill to head off another wave of illegal immigration. DHS is overstretched—increased border security trades off with vital programs, visas free up the DHS to focus on more important programs
coordinate its component agencies. Specifically, cyber-security is critical to protect vital infrastructure --- Prevents Collapse of civilization Sebastian 2k9 military’s “Achilles’ heel” (Defense Science Board, 2008). Though these assorted officials would concur on the gravity of cybersecurity, they might dissent on the correct policy solution. As the White House’s Cyberspace Policy Review pointed out, cyberspace policy envelops the following: security of and operations in cyberspace,…,the full range of threat reduction, vulnerability reduction, deterrence, international engagement, incident response, resiliency, and recovery policies and activities, including computer network operations, information assurance, law enforcement, diplomacy, military, and intelligence missions as they relate to the security and stability of the global information and communications infrastructure (National Cyber Security Center, 2009, p. 5). This analysis will lay out three policy options to address these issues. Strengthening Partnerships between the Public and Private Sectors Any kind of long term solution to cybersecurity threats must consider the private sector since it owns about eighty percent of the nation’s critical infrastructure. That causes extinction Adhikari ’09 And, terrorists have the incentive, tech, and access to nuclear weapons almost inevitable in the near future. Nuclear terrorism ensures planet-ending great power nuclear war Dennis Ray Morgan 9, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea, Futures, Volume 41, Issue 10, December 2009, Pages 683-693 the destruction of much of human civilization while condemning a mutant human remnant, if there is such a remnant, to a life of unimaginable misery and suffering in a 1AC—Manufacturing because government makes a lousy venture capitalist. It is inevitably forced to make loans based on political incentives instead of business viability. Even if technocrats could make effective investments in green technology, it would be like throwing a life preserver to a drowning man heading over Niagara Falls — he’d stop drowning, but the fall would still kill him. Low wage immigrants are key to manufacturing—decline in native workforce importance in the U.S. economy. As Congress and the public debate reforms to the U.S. immigration system, a deeper understanding of the dynamics of entry and exit at the low and high ends of the labor marker will be needed to make correct policy choices. Immigration low skilled labor is key to effective high-skilled labor—fulfills tech products In the congressional battle over immigration reform, some of the most heated fighting has centered on employment visas for less-skilled essential workers -- elder-care workers, farmworkers, builders, cleaners, servers, warehousers. In these debates, someone is usually thinking or saying, "If we create visas for less-skilled work, that amounts to saying that U.S. workers are too 'lazy' to do these jobs or 'can't cut it.'" That's wrong, and it's an , escalating crisis of unauthorized immigration. H2-B visas include manufacturing, but status quo cap is too low—guts US manufacturing competitiveness workers coming into the ranks to backfill these key positions. Another type of temporary visa available for employers today is the H-2A agricultural visa. This visa will be covered by another panelist, but the program has proven to be difficult to use and not responsive to the realities of the agricultural workplace, and as even the Department of Labor has said, it is cumbersome and litigation-prone. military disputes with the United States, by the desire of foreign nations to sell to other countries, by the need to attract foreign investment and production, or by foreign nations wanting to keep more of the raw materials, parts, and finished goods they produce for their own use. Loss of deterrence leads to nuclear war – perception heightens the link WMD) on a scale far more catastrophic than what nuclear-armed terrorists alone could inflict. Mexico is a leader in high-skilled personnel—entry barriers hurt US STEM fields Mexico’s economy more competitive. Yet high emigration levels among talented and educated persons from Mexico also may hinder economic development there, especially if a large proportion of such visitors eventually remain in the United States. STEM enables SandT Leadership—Solves a bunch of wars to information as well as modern devices without all the bureaucratic encumbrances and hierarchical structures that traditionally afflict military organizations. 1AC - Remittances Remittances are declining and will devastate the Mexican economy remittances in 2013 to remain flat. increasing Mexico’s economy as well. Additionally, this will¶ address many of the overlooked human rights concerns of Mexican immigrant workers. levels in the population of sending countries.54 ,¶ not just those receiving remittances. in the Mexican context. However, ¶ Amuedo-Durantes and Pozo(2003), in the case of the Dominican Republic where ¶ remittance income accounts for an even larger share of GDP than in Mexico, find no ¶ evidence that remittances promote small business ownership. Increased funding for innovation. Mexican economic collapse wrecks the global economy studies of the Mexican economy and the economies of some Asian and Latin American countries. unbridled nationalism. two countries over these issues. But the real challenge is how do you get Mexicans to stay, to invest in their own country and to start up the businesses and do the things that many of them end up doing in the United States instead of there? US Mexico relations are vital to environmental protection The bilateral framework for along the international border. Extinction thermonuclear war, which could extinguish civilization."" 1AC – Solvency | 9/16/13 |
1AC Grapevine - All RoundsTournament: Grapevine | Round: 5 | Opponent: StMarks JM | Judge: Yao Yao, Chen 1AC – Agriculture new guest-worker programs. US ag is the crux of global food prices—exporter of key crops t, what is going to happen to the rest of the world? Recent food price spike is spurring social tension with the CCP accompanied price increases. Summer Floods devastated Chinese food output have been affected by the floods. Almost 3,000 soldiers are helping with relief efforts, reports say. Food instability collapses the CCP genocidal civil war waiting to happen. Collapse causes nuclear lashout and forever gone!” Global food wars are approaching-~--increased US supply is vital supplies and peoplesand#39; need to secure them. 1AC – DHS U.S. officials need to do more for the rural areas. proved that beyond any doubt. It is good that in principle, the Gang of 8 recognizes this, but their proposal fails to meet their principle. Congress must amend this bill to head off another wave of illegal immigration. DHS is overstretched—increased border security trades off with vital programs, visas free up the DHS to focus on more important programs
coordinate its component agencies. Specifically, cyber-security is critical to protect vital infrastructure -~-- Prevents Collapse of civilization Sebastian 2k9 military’s “Achilles’ heel” (Defense Science Board, 2008). Though these assorted officials would concur on the gravity of cybersecurity, they might dissent on the correct policy solution. As the White House’s Cyberspace Policy Review pointed out, cyberspace policy envelops the following: security of and operations in cyberspace,…,the full range of threat reduction, vulnerability reduction, deterrence, international engagement, incident response, resiliency, and recovery policies and activities, including computer network operations, information assurance, law enforcement, diplomacy, military, and intelligence missions as they relate to the security and stability of the global information and communications infrastructure (National Cyber Security Center, 2009, p. 5). This analysis will lay out three policy options to address these issues. Strengthening Partnerships between the Public and Private Sectors Any kind of long term solution to cybersecurity threats must consider the private sector since it owns about eighty percent of the nation’s critical infrastructure. That causes extinction Adhikari ’09 And, terrorists have the incentive, tech, and access to nuclear weapons almost inevitable in the near future. Nuclear terrorism ensures planet-ending great power nuclear war Dennis Ray Morgan 9, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea, Futures, Volume 41, Issue 10, December 2009, Pages 683-693 the destruction of much of human civilization while condemning a mutant human remnant, if there is such a remnant, to a life of unimaginable misery and suffering in a 1AC—Manufacturing because government makes a lousy venture capitalist. It is inevitably forced to make loans based on political incentives instead of business viability. Even if technocrats could make effective investments in green technology, it would be like throwing a life preserver to a drowning man heading over Niagara Falls — he’d stop drowning, but the fall would still kill him. Low wage immigrants are key to manufacturing—decline in native workforce importance in the U.S. economy. As Congress and the public debate reforms to the U.S. immigration system, a deeper understanding of the dynamics of entry and exit at the low and high ends of the labor marker will be needed to make correct policy choices. Immigration low skilled labor is key to effective high-skilled labor—fulfills tech products In the congressional battle over immigration reform, some of the most heated fighting has centered on employment visas for less-skilled essential workers -- elder-care workers, farmworkers, builders, cleaners, servers, warehousers. In these debates, someone is usually thinking or saying, and#34;If we create visas for less-skilled work, that amounts to saying that U.S. workers are too and#39;lazyand#39; to do these jobs or and#39;canand#39;t cut it.and#39;and#34; Thatand#39;s wrong, and itand#39;s an , escalating crisis of unauthorized immigration. H2-B visas include manufacturing, but status quo cap is too low—guts US manufacturing competitiveness workers coming into the ranks to backfill these key positions. Another type of temporary visa available for employers today is the H-2A agricultural visa. This visa will be covered by another panelist, but the program has proven to be difficult to use and not responsive to the realities of the agricultural workplace, and as even the Department of Labor has said, it is cumbersome and litigation-prone. military disputes with the United States, by the desire of foreign nations to sell to other countries, by the need to attract foreign investment and production, or by foreign nations wanting to keep more of the raw materials, parts, and finished goods they produce for their own use. Loss of deterrence leads to nuclear war – perception heightens the link WMD) on a scale far more catastrophic than what nuclear-armed terrorists alone could inflict. Mexico is a leader in high-skilled personnel—entry barriers hurt US STEM fields Mexico’s economy more competitive. Yet high emigration levels among talented and educated persons from Mexico also may hinder economic development there, especially if a large proportion of such visitors eventually remain in the United States. STEM enables SandT Leadership—Solves a bunch of wars to information as well as modern devices without all the bureaucratic encumbrances and hierarchical structures that traditionally afflict military organizations. 1AC - Remittances Remittances are declining and will devastate the Mexican economy remittances in 2013 to remain flat. increasing Mexico’s economy as well. Additionally, this will¶ address many of the overlooked human rights concerns of Mexican immigrant workers. levels in the population of sending countries.54 ,¶ not just those receiving remittances. in the Mexican context. However, ¶ Amuedo-Durantes and Pozo(2003), in the case of the Dominican Republic where ¶ remittance income accounts for an even larger share of GDP than in Mexico, find no ¶ evidence that remittances promote small business ownership. Increased funding for innovation. Mexican economic collapse wrecks the global economy studies of the Mexican economy and the economies of some Asian and Latin American countries. unbridled nationalism. two countries over these issues. But the real challenge is how do you get Mexicans to stay, to invest in their own country and to start up the businesses and do the things that many of them end up doing in the United States instead of there? US Mexico relations are vital to environmental protection The bilateral framework for along the international border. Extinction thermonuclear war, which could extinguish civilization.and#34;and#34; 1AC – Solvency | 9/16/13 |
2ACTournament: GRapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Clear Lake | Judge: Food insecurity supercharges all their impacts As shown in Fig. 1, conflict is more likely to occur in countries with a high prevalence of food insecurity (4). Thus, countries where conflict subsequently occurred had a 45 higher prevalence of food insecurity prior to the conflict onset. They also suffered from higher child malnutrition and mortality rates and more poverty, while access to safe water and economic growth were lower. Multivariate analysis, controlling for each variable, identified poverty (headcount poverty), child mortality and child malnutrition prior to conflict to be significantly associated with conflict onset. East Asian war For the Asia-Pacific region, food security is likely to emerge as a major security concern in the coming century, especially given the fact that so many Asian countries already consider food security to be an essential ingredient of their national sovereignty or national security. Moreover, for some countries—such as North Korea and China—food security is likely to be intertwined with future prospects of political stability and regime survival. Similarly, if Asian countries increasingly rely on the international trading system to maintain their food security, these trading relationships—such as with the United States and other major exporters—will likely have collateral political effects that will in turn have long-term strategic implications. Finally, rapid population growth in the Asia-Pacific region, while not necessarily a direct cause of food insecurity, will certainly reduce the margin of error for policymakers in the event that they indulge in poor agricultural planning or engage in other forms of food security miscalculation. Extinction The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of political and economic collapse in the PRC, resulting in territorial fragmentation, civil war and waves of refugees pouring into neighbouring countries. Naturally, any or all of these scenarios would have a profoundly negative impact on regional stability. Today the Chinese leadership faces a raft of internal problems, including the increasing political demands of its citizens, a growing population, a shortage of natural resources and a deterioration in the natural environment caused by rapid industrialization and pollution. These problems are putting a strain on the central government’s ability to govern effectively. Political disintegration or a Chinese civil war might result in millions of Chinese refugees seeking asylum in neighbouring countries. Such an unprecedented exodus of refugees from a collapsed PRC would no doubt put a severe strain on the limited resources of China’s neighbours. A fragmented China could also result in another nightmare scenario- nuclear weapons falling into the hands of irresponsible local provincial leaders or warlords. From this perspective, a disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world. DHS Manufacturing Unemployment causes systemic suffering and death – that’s a D-Rule Remittances K ) Reps 1st = never emancipate, and placing them 1st shatters actual change. Dewsbury ’03 (John-David Dewsbury -- School of Geographical Studies, University of Bristol -- Environment and Planning A 2003, volume 35, pages 1907-1932 -- http://www.sages.unimelb.edu.au/news/mhgr/dewsbury.pdf) That someone includes us -- the social scientists, the researchers, and the writers. In some way we are all false witnesses to what is there.(2) So, even though the philosophical drive moves against the apparently sterile setup of totalizing representations, the presentation of ideas is trapped within the structure it is trying to critique. In my opinion, this sterility is only apparent. Significantly, this appearance is valid from both sides: from the side of representational theory because of the belief in the representational structure as being able to give an account of everything; and from the side of nonrepresentational theory because of the danger of getting carried away with an absolute critique of representations. The apparent sterility comes from this last point: that in getting carried away with critique you fail to appreciate that the building blocks of representation are not sterile in themselves -- only when they are used as part of a system. The representational system, its structure and regulation of meaning, is not complete -- it needs constant maintenance, loyalty, and faith from those who practice it. In this regard, its power is in its pragmatic functions: easy communication of ideas (that restricts their potential extension), and sustainable, defensible, and consensual agreement on understanding (a certain kind of understanding, and hence a certain type of knowledge). The nonrepresentational argument comes into its own in asking us to revisit the performative space of representation in a manner that is more attuned to its fragile constitution. The point being that representation left critically unattended only allows for conceptual difference and not for a concept of difference as such. The former maintains existing ideological markers whilst the latter challenges us to invent new ones. For me, the project of nonrepresentational theory then, is to excavate the empty space between the lines of representational meaning in order to see what is also possible. The representational system is not wrong: rather, it is the belief that it offers complete understanding -- and that only it offers any sensible understanding at all -- that is critically flawed. There’s always value to life –Prefer our ev because of Frankl’s subject position. Phyllis D. Coontz, PhD Graduate School of Public and International Affairs University of Pittsburgh, et al, JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING, 2001, 18(4), 235-246 – J-Stor In the 1950s, psychiatrist and theorist Viktor Frankl (1963) described an existential theory of purpose and meaning in life. Frankl, a long-time prisoner in a concentration camp, re- lated several instances of transcendent states that he experienced in the midst of that terri- ble suffering using his own experiences and observations. He believed that these experi- ences allowed him and others to maintain their sense of dignity and self-worth. Frankl (1969) claimed that transcendence occurs by giving to others, being open to others and the environment, and coming to accept the reality that some situations are un- changeable. He hypothesized that life always has meaning for the individual; a person can always decide how to face adversity. Therefore, self-transcendence provides mean- ing and enables the discovery of meaning for a person (Frankl, 1963). Expanding Frankl's work, Reed (1991b) linked self-transcendence with mental health. Through a developmental process individuals gain an increasing understanding of who they are and are able to move out beyond themselves despite the fact that they are ex- periencing physical and mental pain. This expansion beyond the self occurs through in- trospection, concern about others and their well-being, and integration of the past and fu- ture to strengthen one's present life (Reed, 1991b). They say their K “controls the vital internal link to the case”. We’ll critique the idea of the single “vital internal link” as an act of over-determination. Because many things may motivate war – including the unique context of the moment – we should strive for mechanisms like the plan. Scott D. Sagan – Department of Political Science, Stanford University – ACCIDENTAL WAR IN THEORY AND PRACTICE – 2000 – available via: www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/sagan.doc To make reasonable judgements in such matters it is essential, in my view, to avoid the common "fallacy of overdetermination." Looking backwards at historical events, it is always tempting to underestimate the importance of the immediate causes of a war and argue that the likelihood of conflict was so high that the war would have broken out sooner or later even without the specific incident that set it off. If taken too far, however, this tendency eliminates the role of contingency in history and diminishes our ability to perceive the alternative pathways that were present to historical actors. The point is perhaps best made through a counterfactual about the Cold War. During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, a bizarre false warning incident in the U.S. radar systems facing Cuba led officers at the North American Air Defense Command to believe that the U.S. was under attack and that a nuclear weapon was about to go off in Florida. Now imagine the counterfactual event that this false warning was reported and believed by U.S. leaders and resulted in a U.S. nuclear "retaliation" against the Russians. How would future historians have seen the causes of World War III? One can easily imagine arguments stressing that the war between the U.S. and the USSR was inevitable. War was overdetermined: given the deep political hostility of the two superpowers, the conflicting ideology, the escalating arms race, nuclear war would have occurred eventually. If not during that specific crisis over Cuba, then over the next one in Berlin, or the Middle East, or Korea. From that perspective, focusing on this particular accidental event as a cause of war would be seen as misleading. Yet, we all now know, of course that a nuclear war was neither inevitable nor overdetermined during the Cold War. Ethics 1st wrong – utility is net more ethical Williams ‘5 A commitment to an ethic of consequences reflects a deeper ethic of criticism, of 'self-clarification', and thus of reflection upon the values adopted by an individual or a collectivity. It is part of an attempt to make critical evaluation an intrinsic element of responsibility. Responsibility to this more fundamental ethic gives the ethic of consequences meaning. Consequentialism and responsibility are here drawn into what Schluchter, in terms that will be familiar to anyone conversant with constructivism in International Relations, has called a 'reflexive principle'. In the wilful Realist vision, scepticism and consequentialism are linked in an attempt to construct not just a more substantial vision of political responsibility, but also the kinds of actors who might adopt it, and the kinds of social structures that might support it. A consequentialist ethic is not simply a choice adopted by actors: it is a means of trying to foster particular kinds of self-critical individuals and societies, and in so doing to encourage a means by which one can justify and foster a politics of responsibility. The ethic of responsibility in wilful Realism thus involves a commitment to both autonomy and limitation, to freedom and restraint, to an acceptance of limits and the criticism of limits. Responsibility clearly involves prudence and an accounting for current structures and their historical evolution; but it is not limited to this, for it seeks ultimately the creation of responsible subjects within a philosophy of limits. Seen in this light, the Realist commitment to objectivity appears quite differently. Objectivity in terms of consequentialist analysis does not simply take the actor or action as given, it is a political practice — an attempt to foster a responsible self, undertaken by an analyst with a commitment to objectivity which is itself based in a desire to foster a politics of responsibility. Objectivity in the sense of coming to terms with the 'reality' of contextual conditions and likely outcomes of action is not only necessary for success, it is vital for self-reflection, for sustained engagement with the practical and ethical adequacy of one's views. The blithe, self-serving, and uncritical stances of abstract moralism or rationalist objectivism avoid self-criticism by refusing to engage with the intractability of the world 'as it is'. Reducing the world to an expression of their theoretical models, political platforms, or ideological programmes, they fail to engage with this reality, and thus avoid the process of self-reflection at the heart of responsibility. By contrast, Realist objectivity takes an engagement with this intractable 'object' that is not reducible to one's wishes or will as a necessary condition of ethical engagement, self-reflection, and self-creation.7 Objectivity is not a naive naturalism in the sense of scientific laws or rationalist calculation; it is a necessary engagement with a world that eludes one's will. A recognition of the limits imposed by 'reality' is a condition for a recognition of one's own limits — that the world is not simply an extension of one's own will. But it is also a challenge to use that intractability as a source of possibility, as providing a set of openings within which a suitably chastened and yet paradoxically energised will to action can responsibly be pursued. In the wilful Realist tradition, the essential opacity of both the self and the world are taken as limiting principles. Limits upon understanding provide chastening parameters for claims about the world and actions within it. But they also provide challenging and creative openings within which diverse forms of life can be developed: the limited unity of the self and the political order is the precondition for freedom. The ultimate opacity of the world is not to be despaired of: it is a condition of possibility for the wilful, creative construction of selves and social orders which embrace the diverse human potentialities which this lack of essential or intrinsic order makes possible.8 But it is also to be aware of the less salutary possibilities this involves. Indeterminacy is not synonymous with absolute freedom — it is both a condition of, and imperative toward, responsibility Even if consequentialism is generally wrong, it’s accurate in the nuclear context William H. Shaw is Professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Philosophy Department at San Jose State University. Source: Ethics, Vol. 94, No. 2 (Jan., 1984), pp. 248-260 – Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2380515 In this essay I have defended the moral legitimacy of nuclear deterrence within a deontological framework. I have contended that nuclear deter- rence, viewed as a pure case, need not be impermissible, but I have not argued that current American strategic policy is morally legitimate, let alone wise. That strategy is a complex one, exercised in a complicated environment, and there are many difficult and important questions con- cerning the permissibility of aspects of that policy, for instance, the use of nuclear weapons to deter conventional aggression, which I have not touched upon. My focus has been, more simply, on the moral acceptability of the basic deterrent thinking which lies at the core of current policy. Of all the moral issues that face us today, however, nuclear policy is the one that, because of the complex factual issues and number of persons likely to be affected, most cries out to be handled in consequentialist terms. Although it is clearly good even on utilitarian grounds that we have a repugnance to making threats of immoral behavior, even where P6 would condone it, the limits of a narrowly deontological perspective are soon obvious. For one thing, such discussions do not easily integrate finely grained factual issues or questions of probability, such as the chances of a nuclear accident, into their overall moral assessments. Much hangs on the real, historical and political (as opposed to merely game-theoretically supposed), consequences of the contemporary practice of deterrence nuclear proliferation-and on assessing accurately the feasibility of al- ternatives to the current arms race. A moral theory with significant con- sequentialist strands would seem to be necessary to give these sorts of considerations their due. A focus on representations destroys social change by ignoring political and material constraints They embrace anti-politics – this dooms their project, creates atrocity, and cedes politics to the Right. b. Moving away from anti-politics is vital to check extinction c. Perm solves their K business – net benefit is our 1AC and not ceding to the Right Heg good First, leadership is critical to democratization efforts ALBRIGHT (Fmr Sect. Of State) ‘97 Mr. Chairman, more than seven years have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and five years since the demise of the Soviet Union. Today, America is secure, our economy vibrant, and our ideals ascendant. Across the globe, the movement towards open societies and open markets is wider and deeper than ever before. Democracy's triumph is neither accidental nor irreversible; it is the result of sustained American leadership. It would not have been possible without the power of our example, the strength of our military, or the constancy and creativity of our diplomacy. That is the central lesson of the twentieth century -- and this lesson must continue to guide us if we are to safeguard our interests as we enter the twenty-first. Make no mistake: the interests served by American foreign policy are not the abstract inventions of State Department planners; they are the concrete real, ties of our daily lives. Think about it. Would the American people be as secure if weapons of mass destruction, instead of being controlled, fell into the wrong hands? That is precisely what would have happened if the Administration and Congress had not acted to ensure the dismantling of Iraq's nuclear weapons program, the freezing of North Korea's, and the securing of Russia's. Second, democratic consolidation prevents war and extinction CARNEGIE COMMISSION ON PREVENTING DEADLY CONFLICT 1995 This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. In the former Yugoslavia nationalist aggression tears at the stability of Europe and could easily spread. The flow of illegal drugs intensifies through increasingly powerful international crime syndicates that have made common cause with authoritarian regimes and have utterly corrupted the institutions of tenuous, democratic ones. Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons continue to proliferate. The very source of life on Earth, the global ecosystem, appears increasingly endangered. Most of these new and unconventional threats to security are associated with or aggravated by the weakness or absence of democracy, with its provisions for legality, accountability, popular sovereignty, and openness. US heg solves – human rights, democracy and liberal values Moreover, US strategic hegemony is linked inextricably with the expansion of the world market economy and the globalization of capitalist modes of production. Thomas Friedman concludes that ‘In the globalization system, the United States is now the sole and dominant superpower and all other nations are subordinate to it to one degree or another’. This is not an anarchic system. It is obviously true that the global system lacks an authoritative world government, but to infer from that fact that state-actors inevitably perceive the world as some approximation of anarchy is to misunderstand the nature of interstate relations in today’s world. Moreover, neither the global system nor the East Asian sub-system is multipolar in the sense that any of the other major powers, since the collapse of the Soviet Union ten years ago, has acted to provide an alternative to US power. To serve as an effective ‘pole’ in international politics, a state must be able to attract other states to join in concert to achieve common objectives. Primacy fills in for powerless institutions—key to solve genocide and mass violence globally Hegemony is crucial to ending poverty and creating prosperity We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree, in a nation that condones and ignores wide-ranging "structural' violence, of a kind that destroys human life with a breathtaking ruthlessness. Former Massachusetts prison official and writer, Dr. James Gilligan observes; By "structural violence" I mean the increased rates of death and disability suffered by those who occupy the bottom rungs of society, as contrasted by those who are above them. Those excess deaths (or at least a demonstrably large proportion of them) are a function of the class structure; and that structure is itself a product of society's collective human choices, concerning how to distribute the collective wealth of the society. These are not acts of God. I am contrasting "structural" with "behavioral violence" by which I mean the non-natural deaths and injuries that are caused by specific behavioral actions of individuals against individuals, such as the deaths we attribute to homicide, suicide, soldiers in warfare, capital punishment, and so on. --(Gilligan, J., MD, Violence: Reflections On a National Epidemic (New York: Vintage, 1996), 192.) This form of violence, not covered by any of the majoritarian, corporate, ruling-class protected media, is invisible to us and because of its invisibility, all the more insidious. How dangerous is it--really? Gilligan notes: Every fifteen years, on the average, as many people die because of relative poverty as would be killed in a nuclear war that caused 232 million deaths; and every single year, two to three times as many people die from poverty throughout the world as were killed by the Nazi genocide of the Jews over a six-year period. This is, in effect, the equivalent of an ongoing, unending, in fact accelerating, thermonuclear war, or genocide on the weak and poor every year of every decade, throughout the world. Gilligan, p. 196 Worse still, in a thoroughly capitalist society, much of that violence became internalized, turned back on the Self, because, in a society based on the priority of wealth, those who own nothing are taught to loathe themselves, as if something is inherently wrong with themselves, instead of the social order that promotes this self-loathing. This intense self-hatred was often manifested in familial violence as when the husband beats the wife, the wife smacks the son, and the kids fight each other. This vicious, circular, and invisible violence, unacknowledged by the corporate media, uncriticized in substandard educational systems, and un-understood by the very folks who suffer in its grips, feeds on the spectacular and more common forms of violence that the system makes damn sure -that we can recognize and must react to it. Hegemony is crucial to response to natural disasters decreasing the motivation for terrorism Hegemony is vital Japanese foreign protection | 9/16/13 |
2ACTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston memorial | Judge: Perm do both Their framework jettisons credible US action – it undermines true federal action Ruhl 4 (JB, Professor of Property @ FSU, "The Battle over Endangered Species Act Methodology", http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=178128//greenhill-ak) The alt is vague – that lets them shift out of any disads to the alt and also lets them recharacterize it in the 2ar – its not reciprocal –
David E. McClean, Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, 2001 (http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:WXaoUBni6uIJ:www.american-philosophy.org/archives/20012520Conference/Discussion2520papers/david_mcclean.htm+foucault+habermas+slapped+cudandhl=enandgl=usandct=clnkandcd=1) Key to fairness – otherwise they can render 8 minutes of aff speech time irrelevant Also most reciprocal – they can have their kritik – just must defend a policy option Permute: Critically Endorse The Plan In The Intellectual Space Opened By The Alternative – The Net Benefit Is That The K By Itself Is A Self-Destructive Monism Of Perspective Utopian fiat is bad – not reciprocal since we are stuck to the resolution – and also sidesteps the core literature base of the topic – also forces the 2AC to spend extra time to compensate One size fits all views of the world like the kritik undermine any real understanding of the world – our vision is key Their kritik does not indict all of our 1AC evidence – specifically the biodiversity and agriculture component of our aff One size fits all views of the world like the kritik undermine any real understanding of the world – our vision is key Turn: Securitization is good in the specific context of our aff – it’s necessary to mobilize the suffering to act —giving marginalizes issues like human rights visibility Jeff Huysmans, Lecturer in politics at the department of government at Open University, Alternatives “Defining Social Constructivism in Security Studies: The Normative Dilemma of Writing Security” Feb 2002 p. 59-60. Turn: Fear is Good in the context of a debate round – discussion helps alleviate the numbing caused by fear Dr. Peter M. Sandman is a preeminent risk communication speaker and consultant in the United States and has also worked extensively abroad, Ph.D. in Communication from Stanford University in 1971, and Dr. JoAnn M. Valenti, a founding member of SEJ and elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Scared stiff — or scared into action,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, January 1986, pp. 12–16, Winner of the 1986/1987 Olive Branch Award for Outstanding Coverage of the Nuclear Arms Issue, given by New York University’s Center for War, Peace, and the News Media, http://www.psandman.com/articles/scarstif.htm, UK: Fisher 2AC Private Property – Small Farms Add-On Property rights key to ag development – its key to the survival of small farms Hosemann 2k5
2AC Private Property – Small Farms Add-On could be a wetland. Gradually, federal environmental involvement in agriculture shifted away from technical support and education to the criminalization of environmental rules, especially under the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act. This shift was at basic odds with the tradition Loss of small farms causes extinction Boyce 4 (James K. Boyce, Director, Program on Development, Peacebuilding, and the Environment, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts, "A Future for Small Farms? Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture," Political Economy Research Institute, Working Papers n. 86, 2004, http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/working_papers/working_papers_51-100/WP86.pdf) And Collapse of US agriculture makes all your impacts inevitable and culminates in human extinction Lugar 2k | 9/16/13 |
Greenhill RRTournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westminster HL | Judge: Kirk, Evans and Sanchez, Sara Surpin et al 2k7 And, the aff offers a model for Mexican innovation and cooperation on Life Sciences Surpin et al 2k7 And, Cross-border cooperation catalyzes biotech innovation — that spreads globally and establishes an international model for the life sciences SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego And, Mexico is key – Boasts UNIQUE expertise and base of scientific research SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego And, IP Protections provide the BEST protections for the poor and encourage Latin American Specific Disease and Pharma Breakthroughs Bacalski 2k6 Second, the impacts – NAS 8 (National Academy of Sciences, “The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop” December 3, 2008, Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council) And, Biotech advances independently solves extinction Trewavas, 2k – Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh Second, Algae Biofuels Quezada 2k6 Specifically, these genomic breakthroughs are key Algae Biofuels – Radakovits et al 10 Extinction Third is disease - BSL-4 escapes inevitable and leads to extinction Wilson 12 No vaccines for this strain Begley 12 We’ve been lucky with past diseases Klotz 12 No burnout Casadevall 12 And, Drug-resistant TB strains are developing in Mexico – spreads quickly and is airborne Wall Street Journal 3/8 And, XDR TB spread risks becoming a pandemic – puts the global population at risk Bio-Medicine 2007 – one of the Internet’s leading online Organizations devoted to biology and Advantage 2: U.S. IP Leadership Sutton 2k12 And, China is the MAIN focus – IP violations are front and center in the relationship (just need a short 2013 uniqueness card here) Failure to enforce Chinese IP protections collapses relations and cooperation on major hotspots-- causes U.S.-China Conflict Thomson 2k6 Goes nuclear Hunkovic ‘9 And, Bayh Dole flips the IP process and is a CRITICAL model – Preserves U.S. IP Credibility and ensures China will build-in IP Protections – spills-over globally Espinel 2k7 And, U.S.-Mexico IP efforts become a GLOBAL MODEL for IP enforcement Zagaris et al 94 | 1/2/14 |
StMarksTournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Trinity Valley | Judge: Bruce Miller Surpin et al 2k7 And, the aff offers a model for Mexican innovation and cooperation on Life Sciences Surpin et al 2k7 And, Cross-border cooperation catalyzes biotech innovation — that spreads globally and establishes an international model for the life sciences SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego And, Mexico is key – Boasts UNIQUE expertise and base of scientific research SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego And, IP Protections provide the BEST protections for the poor and encourage Latin American Specific Disease and Pharma Breakthroughs Bacalski 2k6 Second, the impacts – NAS 8 (National Academy of Sciences, “The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop” December 3, 2008, Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council) And, Biotech advances independently solves extinction Trewavas, 2k – Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh Second, Algae Biofuels Quezada 2k6 Specifically, these genomic breakthroughs are key Algae Biofuels – Radakovits et al 10 Extinction Third is disease - BSL-4 escapes inevitable and leads to extinction Wilson 12 No vaccines for this strain Begley 12 We’ve been lucky with past diseases Klotz 12 No burnout Casadevall 12 And, Drug-resistant TB strains are developing in Mexico – spreads quickly and is airborne Wall Street Journal 3/8 And, XDR TB spread risks becoming a pandemic – puts the global population at risk Bio-Medicine 2007 – one of the Internet’s leading online Organizations devoted to biology and Advantage 2: U.S. IP Leadership Sutton 2k12 And, China is the MAIN focus – IP violations are front and center in the relationship (just need a short 2013 uniqueness card here) Failure to enforce Chinese IP protections collapses relations and cooperation on major hotspots-- causes U.S.-China Conflict Thomson 2k6 Goes nuclear Hunkovic ‘9 And, Bayh Dole flips the IP process and is a CRITICAL model – Preserves U.S. IP Credibility and ensures China will build-in IP Protections – spills-over globally Espinel 2k7 And, U.S.-Mexico IP efforts become a GLOBAL MODEL for IP enforcement Zagaris et al 94 | 10/18/13 |
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