Tournament: St Marks | Round: Octas | Opponent: Bishop Guertin | Judge: Layton, Beier, Johnson
First, We concur with them that “representations and exposition are the organizing principles behind the debate which we can challenge to alter power.”  The words we choose to use, our discourse, have meaning and shape reality.  This is proven by the Agamben evidence.

Second, We do not take umbrage with the overhelming majority of the 1AC, including the argument that the “only option becomes the extermination of all life” when the “world is reduced to bare life in an attempt to rid the public sphere of all risk” and that the value of death is nullified when there is a “biopolitical determination of the threshold beyond which life ceases to have juridical value.”

Third, We draw your attention to the very first argument that they make.  They say “little is done to curtail consumption.”  Although it only constitutes a total of five words, this statement speaks volumes about their own biopolitical project and attempt to enforce their own biopolitical determination of the threshold beyond which life ceases to have juridical value.  The premise the consumption needs to be curtailed or should be curtailed undergirds their statement that “little is done to curtail consumption.”  In making this statement, they have become the experts of life and have assumed the role of the sovereign, confronting the problem drug user which justifies the very same military style interventions they have criticized, all in the name of the life and health of the population and, in turn, reduced the so-called problem drug user to bare life.
Coyles, University of Central Lancashire, 9 (William, “The Bare Life of the ‘Problem Drug User’: an Analysis of the Neo-Liberal State Responses to ‘Problem Drug Users’,” Internet Journal of Criminology, http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Coyles_Problem_Drug_User.pdf)
This paper examines the intelligibility ... interest are ‘governed through freedom’. 

Fourth, They have engaged in an attempt to enforce their own rules of what constitutes the normal – The consumption of drugs must be curtailed in their world because it constitutes an abnormality that must be corrected.  This authoritarian move is justified by their determination that those who consume drugs are incapable of exercising freedoms in a responsible and prudent manner.  Those who consume drugs are excluded from the benefits of citizenship and are rduced to bare life.  They have taken on the role of the sovereign state waging a war against the abnormality of drug use.  We, on the other hand, not only embrace the narcorrido, but also the counterdiscursive offensive of the so-called problem drug user as a “rebellion against” the Affirmative’s and sovereign state’s “political system sustained on exceptionalism.”
Coyles, University of Central Lancashire, 9 (William, “The Bare Life of the ‘Problem Drug User’: an Analysis of the Neo-Liberal State Responses to ‘Problem Drug Users’,” Internet Journal of Criminology, http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Coyles_Problem_Drug_User.pdf)
Within late modern Britain ... the problem drug user.

Finally, While they embrace the very draconian responses to the so-called problem drug users that they have attempted to criticize in relation to the narcocorrido, we have established a counter-discourse that represents the view from below.  While they have taken on the role of sovereign state and its militaristic interventions into the lives of the so-called problem drug user to improve the security of the state’s circuits of inclusion, our counter discourse weakens and introduces discontinuity into the institution of state sovereignty.  It results in a deligitimisation of and emancipation from the institution of state sovereignty which allows radical forms of freedom to thrive.
Coyles, University of Central Lancashire, 9 (William, “The Bare Life of the ‘Problem Drug User’: an Analysis of the Neo-Liberal State Responses to ‘Problem Drug Users’,” Internet Journal of Criminology, http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Coyles_Problem_Drug_User.pdf)
It has become  ... is permanently dissociated.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Niles West NP | Judge: Jon Voss
CP text: The United States federal government should set a statutory corporate tax rate of 25 percent, end selected tax breaks, provide a 95 percent exemption of tax on foreign dividends of active business income, not deny domestic deductions for expenses not directly allocable to foreign earnings, maintain revenue neutrality, and announce that these changes are permanent.

CP text: The United States federal government should set a statutory corporate tax rate of 25 percent, end selected tax breaks, provide a 95 percent exemption of tax on foreign dividends of active business income, not deny domestic deductions for expenses not directly allocable to foreign earnings, maintain revenue neutrality, and announce that these changes are permanent.

Tax reform solves economic growth – promotes competitiveness, investment and job creation

BRT 12 – an association of CEOs with over $6 trillion in annual revenues and 14 million employees, BRT members comprise a third of the total value of the U.S. stock market and invest more than $150 billion annually in research and development (Business Roundtable, “Taking Action for America”, March 2012, http://businessroundtable.org/uploads/studiesreports/downloads/20120307_BRT_Taking_Action_for_America.pdf)//ghs-mm
The U.S. corporate tax … a higher standard of living.

Tournament: Greenhill RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame | Judge: Aaron Kall, Eric Oddo
The United States federal government should de-codify the embargo against Cuba  but shall plan mechanism  if, and only if, Cuba agrees to enter bilateral negotiations toward settlement of outstanding certified U.S. claims regarding confiscated property upon being offered said negotiations by the United States federal government.

The counterplan competes – It doesn’t increase any economic engagement with Cuba unless the prior issue of property settlement is resolved – Moral obligation to vote negative.
Stone, Senator from Florida, 79 (Richard, “Outstanding Claims Against Cuba,” Hearing before the Subcommittees on International Trade and on Inter-American Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, September 25, http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/us-cuba/claims-hearings.htm)
And certainly the ...  to substantive discussions.  

And, It solves the entire case
Creighton 7 (Creighton University School of Law and Department of Political Science, “Report On The Resolution Of Outstanding Property Claims Between Cuba and The United States,” http://media.miamiheral
d.com/smedia/2007/10/04/22/Creighton_Cuba_Grant_Report.source.prod_affiliate.56.pdf)
Allaying the fears ...  our two nations.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: GBN LN | Judge: Toby Jacobs
Manufacturing is increasing- wage competiveness is key

Beckman 9/11/13, (Kip Beckman is Principal Economist, World Outlook, at The Conference Board of Canada, “U.S. manufacturing is back – but can Americans do the job?” , http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/us-manufacturing-is-back-but-can-americans-do-the-job/article14230183/,ghs-RJ)
Made in the U.S.A. is … of a dramatic turnaround.

B. Davis Bacon Act means companies pay workers prevailing wages – pushes up costs and causes unemployment

Baird 2k11
(Charles W. Baird, Professor of Economics, Emeritus, California State University, East Bay, “Freeing Labor Markets by Reforming Union Laws,” June 2k11, Cato Institute, pg online @ http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/labor/reforming-labor-union-laws ghs-mr)
This Davis-Bacon Act, passed … from open competition.
Kills competitiveness

Griswold 2k10
(Daniel Griswold, Director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute and author of Mad about Trade: Why Main Street America Should Embrace Globalization (Washington: Cato Institute, 2009), “Unions, Protectionism, and U.S. Competitiveness,” Cato Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1, Winter 2010, pg online @ http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj30n1/cj30n1-10.pdf ghs-mr)
While globalization has … caused by the union.”
Economic competitiveness decline causes extinction

Khalilzad 2k11
(Zalmay Khalilzad, Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, “The Economy and National Security,” 2/8/2k11, pg online @ http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad?pg=3 ghs-mr)
Today, economic and fiscal .. our way through the kind of crisis that we face today.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bloomington DZ | Judge: Ann Peter
Their anti-imperialism crushes primacy—humbling America sparks isolationism

Kagan ’98 (Robert Kagan, “The Benevolent Empire”, Summer 1998, http://people.cas.sc.edu/rosati/a.kaplan.benevolentempire.fp.sum98.pdf)
Those contributing …
next American humbling.

American Primacy is key to stability and preventing nuclear war in every region of the globe.

Kagan ‘7
Robert Kagan 07 Senior Associate @ the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (End of Dreams, Return of History, Policy Review, Hoover Institution, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html)
Finally, there is the United States itself. As a matter of national policy stretching back across numerous administrations, Democratic and Republican, liberal and conservative, Americans have insisted .. provide an easier path.

The alternative to a world dominated by America is an apolar hell, where nuclear war is a certainty.

Ferguson ‘4 (Niall Ferguson, professor of history at New York University's Stern School of Business and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, “A World without Power”, Foreign Policy)
Could an apolar … not-so-new world disorder.

The alternative is to vote neg to align yourself with American hegemony

Kristol and Kagan ‘96 (William Kristol, AND Robert Kagan, “Toward a Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy”, July/August 1996, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=276)

TWENTY YEARS later, it is time …
of military supremacy and moral confidence.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley SD | Judge: Cat Duffy
CIR is top of the Agenda and can pass – focused effort by Obama utilizing his PC and newfound strategies are key

Daily Mail 10/17/13
(“Immigration battle threatens to dwarf debt-limit fight as many Republicans fear power of 17 MILLION newly legalized loyal Democrats,” pg online @ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2464112/Immigration-battle-threatens-dwarf-debt-limit-fight-Republicans-fear-power-17-MILLION-newly-legalized-loyal-Democrats.html#ixzz2i182BrcS ghs-ef)
The White House… to doing the right thing.'

Economic engagement with Mexico is politically divisive
Wilson 13 – Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)
At a time … it ought to be. 

Increasing green cards generates an effective base of IT experts- solves cybersecurity
McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html) 

We have seen, … , our security needs.
Cyberterrorism will cause accidental launch that triggers the Dead Hand and nuclear war
Fritz 9 (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control”, Study Commissioned on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, July, www.icnnd.org/Documents/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.doc)

Direct control of launch …. accusations between governments.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Westwood BC | Judge: Stephen Weil, Hays Watson, Brian Rubaie
CIR is top of the Agenda and can pass – focused effort by Obama utilizing his PC and newfound strategies are key

Daily Mail 10/17/13
(“Immigration battle threatens to dwarf debt-limit fight as many Republicans fear power of 17 MILLION newly legalized loyal Democrats,” pg online @ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2464112/Immigration-battle-threatens-dwarf-debt-limit-fight-Republicans-fear-power-17-MILLION-newly-legalized-loyal-Democrats.html#ixzz2i182BrcS ghs-ef)
The White House has ….addition to doing the right thing.'

Drains capital – Backlash and hostage taking on unrelated priority legislation is empirically proven,
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf

The Second Obama Administration … policymakers to take action.

Key to Clean tech industry

Herman and Smith 2k10
(Richard T. Herman and Robert L. Smith, founder of Richard T. Herman and Associates, an immigration and business law firm and veteran journalist who has written extensively on immigration, June 23, 2010, “Why Immigrants Can Drive the Green Economy,” http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/perspectives/why-immigrants-can-drive-green-economy)
It should come as no ….. is required now.

Extinction
Leeb, 2004
president of Leeb Capital Management, (Stephen and Donna, The Oil Factor: Protect Yourself and Profit from the Coming Oil Crisis, pg 205)
Those words resonated …. weapons-grade plutonium.

Excluding immigration from integration fosters anxiety – it Dehumanizes immigrants, constructing as “The Other” - as a threat which fuels a social cycle of repression

Ward 2013 – Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern Mississippi Matthew, , “They Say Bad Things Come in Threes: How Economic, Political and Cultural Shifts Facilitated Contemporary Anti-Immigration Activism in the United States,” Journal of Historical Sociology, May 29, 2013, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/johs.12024/abstract, Accessed July 18, 2013

This history of shifting … to conservative mobilization.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgetown Day CT | Judge: Elyse Conklin
The United States Federal Government ought to substantially increase its economic engagement with Mexico through an exchange of the smell of roses grown under a sea that holds the world in the most confusing, mysterious, magical, perplexing, surreal, fantastic and dreamlike way that it can.  

Magical Realism in Venezuela is at the root  of all their problems – magical realism is what allowed the Chavez regime to drive the country into economic depression – adopting a stance of magical realism towards Venezuela is complicity towards the atrocities that go on there

The Devils Excrement 6/12/13, (“Venezuela: From Magic Realism To Bizarro Country”,  http://devilsexcrement.com/2013/06/12/venezuela-from-magic-realism-to-bizarro-country/ ,ghs-RJ)
Venezuela has been…  happens. Nothing happens.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodward BP | Judge: Bruce Miller
Manufacturing Jobs Not Coming Back Now – we must shift to high-tech manufacturing – failure collapses the economy and long-term manufacturing and leadership

Bergstrand 2k12
(Jeffrey H. Bergstrand Ph D, University of Wisconsin - Finance professor in the Mendoza College of Business for more than 25 years, as well as a fellow of Notre Dame’s Kellogg Institute for International Studies, and a Research Associate of CESifo, an international network of researchers based in Europe “Nostalgia for factory jobs that will never come back,” pg online @ http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/17/opinion/bergstrand-factory-nostalgia um-ef)
For the last …invest in human capital.

Obsession with the Factory Model of manufacturing focus creates weak, low-paying jobs – trades-off with high-paying tech jobs

Yglesias 2k12
(Mathew, Matthew Yglesias is Slate's business and economics correspondent. Before joining the magazine he worked for ThinkProgress, the Atlantic, TPM Media, and the American Prospect, “Forget the Factories,” pg online @ http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2012/04/obama_s_manufacturing_plan_the_president_s_terrible_focus_on_encouraging_factories_instead_of_high_tech_.html um-ef)
While Facebook was … for cheap labor.

Turn – U.S. Manufacturers screw up Ship-building – collapses Naval Readiness

Hamilton 2k12
(Scott, is a consultant with Leeham Co. “Industry pulse: Disappearing skills,” pg online @ http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2009/07/4100167/ um-ef)
Murray has a … and production capabilities.

Naval readiness deters global wars and key to power projection

Conway, Roughead and Allen in ‘8 (James, General and Commandant of US Marine Corps, Gary, Admiral and Chief of Naval Operations in US Navy, and Thad, Admiral and commandant of US Coast Guard, Naval War College Review, “A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower”, Winter, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0JIW/is_1_61/ai_n24962314/pg_4?tag=untagged)
Deter major power… extended campaigns ashore.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 7 | Opponent: Northside College Prep ER | Judge: Wayne Tang
Obama’s capital is key to maintain the threat of a veto over new Iran sanctions—that prevents Iran military action and nuclear proliferation
WSJ 12/19
(“Obama Issues Rare Veto Threat on Iran Bill” pg online at http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304866904579268611658114286http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304866904579268611658114286/sd)
WASHINGTON—The White House … after the holiday break.

Economic engagement with Mexico is politically divisive
Wilson 13 – Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)
At a time when … politically divisive than it ought to be. 

Iran war causes extinction
Chossudovsky 6
(Michel Chossudovsky, The Next Phase of the Middle East War, Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=3147)
The Bush Administration has … of the Russian Federation.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgetown Day CT | Judge: Elyse Conklin
The aff is an attempt to gloss over the enmity inherent in the human condition – makes worse violence inevitable in its attempt to eliminate rather than limit conflict

Rasch 5
(William, Henry H. H. Remak Professor of Germanic Studies at Indiana University, “Lines in the Sand: Enmity as aStructuring Principle”, The South Atlantic Quarterly 104:2, Spring)
In The Concept of the Political, … the guilt associated with it.

This form of absolute enmity causes the most destructive conflicts based on a personal hatred for the enemy rather than a relationship based on difference

Odysseos 8
(Dr. Louiza, Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Relations at the University of Sussex, “Liberalism’s War, Liberalism’s Order: Rethinking the Global Liberal Order as a ‘Global Civil War’”, March 17)
First, global civil war is that…  to overcome’ (Habermas and Derrida 2003: 99)

The alternative is to adopt a proper relationship with the other based on difference rather than liberalism
Only the alternative can effectively limit inevitable conflicts over difference and establish an ontological foundation for the political rather than one based on absolute inclusion 

Prozorov 6
(Sergei, Professor of International Relations in the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Politics and Social Sciences, Petrozavodsk State University, Russia, “Liberal Enmity: The Figure of the Foe in the Political Ontology of Liberalism”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2006 35: 75)
Schmitt’s own critique of … of contemporary world politics.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: GBN LN | Judge: Toby Jacobs
The  relevant 50 state governments, the territories, and Washington DC should form an interstate compact to substantially increase border infrastructure economic engagement towards Mexico.

States solve border infrastructure better – state governments have forged relationships with Mexican officials
Blase, Phd-Government-UT Austin, 3
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2003/blasejm039/blasejm039.pdf
In both the U.S. and Mexican ...  at that time.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 7 | Opponent: Northside College Prep ER | Judge: Wayne Tang
A. Interpretation - Engagement is the attempt to influence the political behavior of a state by increasing contacts with that state – economic engagement means using exclusively economic contacts like trade, loans and grants
Resnik, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” v54, n2, political science complete)

A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT In order… , permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Georgetown Day CT | Judge: Elyse Conklin
Engagement is a strategy that depends on positive incentives

Haass and O’Sullivan, 2k - *Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution (Richard and Meghan, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies” Survival _{vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf}

The term ‘engagement’ was … important disagreements.

B. Violation – they don’t  specify and therefore can’t be an engagement strategy – their use of the term is meaningless  
Litwak, 7 –  Vice President for Scholars and Director of International Security Studies at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (Robert, Regime Change: U.S. Strategy through the Prism of 9/11, p. 107)

Sound target-state analysis provides … contradictory behavior toward the rogue state.