Tournament: The Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: CPS GA | Judge: Hanson 1AC The Good Neighbor America’s Great Depression created widespread exposure to poverty within our own country. Americans flocked to exhibits of graphic works of art that depicted the frightening suffering and chaos that ensued across the empire. These gruesome images inspired faith in a salvation mentality from suffering. Emerging out of the chaos was Franklin Roosevelt, who garnered widespread support of state intervention to be the savior of the New World, applying his magic touch to all crisis. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. As already mentioned, I had AND to us remains to be seen.
The materialistic American way of life historically guaranteed citizens a place in a sacred hierarchy in a sense of superiority—the Depression reduced Americans to primitive economic values that destroyed security and predictability. Americans placed their hope in government intervention to save them from the Latin Americanization of the United States. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. Visitors arriving by train AND Americanization of the United States. As Latin America shifted away from the American sphere of influence, statist institutions identified Latin individualism as the problem, stifling all culture that is different from the superior culture of the marketplace that privileged the common good. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. Clint Eastwood's Frontier¶ AND Good Neighbor policy flowered The backbone of the nation-state is national consensus on universal values to maximize security and predictability—when the chaos of the 1930s ensued, Americans lost their national identity. They retreated into interest-group values of the economy as a hope for hemispheric convergence that would point towards social stability. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. For some eleven months AND could exist no more. The Good Neighbor Era was not the beginning of good neighborliness at all—instead, a smokescreen withdrawal from interventionism was a ploy to guarantee future Latin American goodwill that opened their internal policy to be controlled by Americans. The roots of economic engagement return to an Era that planted the seeds for long term, self-serving benefits to US security. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. President Roosevelt found AND had always fancied himself
The Good Neighbor ultimately was a calculated effort to maximize security efforts for US strategic interests—the goal was to create an entire world dependent upon US interests, subsuming all differences. These crusades to spread the “American Way” focused on gift giving and investment to please Latin Americas. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. The majority of scholars AND most appealed to FDR himself.
Return of Power The hailing of statist institutions is merely a justification to securitize Wendy Brown, Political Theory @ UC Berkeley, 2k1 (Politics Out of History. p 130-132 Like Foucault, AND from ressentiment. collective hierarchies are maintained by the fear of punishment from a lack of compliance. McBride, Keally, Punishment and Political Order Law, Meaning, and Violence 2007 pp. 37-40¶ One of Hobbes’s greatest AND fall short as well.
Melancholy negates the will to act Deleuze and Parnet ‘87 famous philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at the Sorbonne, Dialogues II, European Perspectives, with Claire Parnet, freelance journalist, translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam, 2002 pgs.61-62
When Spinoza says AND not to save it. . This politics of ressentiment culminates in the death of all values Saul Newman "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment", Theory and Event, Vol. 4.3: 2000. pp-7-23 Slave Morality and Ressentiment¶ AND of the master to oppose.
Instead, Jeff and I advocate an overcoming of ressentiment by embracing a master morality. Only by transforming our relationship to power can we embrace a community of active power Saul Newman "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment", Theory and Event, Vol. 4.3: 2000. pp-7-23 This definition of AND an anarchism without ressentiment. Thus, this debate should be about whom best affirms life. We must refuse the givens of the state and internalize the inevitability of suffering. Voting affirmative means refusing to recognize the authority of the state as a manager of the future. Smith ‘97, professor of political science at the University of Wales, (Steve, Review of International Studies, Cambridge journals online)ÿ Conclusion In summaryAND which we are responsible.
2/22/14
1ac good neighbor - laughter
Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: 1AC Good Neighbor - Blake Act 1 is the Prologue
We’re sorry for our bad rhymes We don’t have artistic minds. We’ve never written a poem But as they say “Go Big or Go Ho…em?”
Columbus sailed the ocean blue Back in 1492. He sailed across and spotted land, A beach, and people on the sand.
He called them Indians because He had no idea where he was, India was just a guess. When in doubt, declare success.
He ruled, killed, and gave out small pox But no school each year kinda rocks Then came Cortez who raped Aztecs too Which, by the way, was not QPQ
Later came the First Thanksgiving And even more school we’re missing We ate our fill and left them wond’ring Why they taught us over-hunting
The idea of “shared land” took a hit When we called it ours in ‘76
America still wanted more Which led to a Mexican War We not only won, but teased our foe By naming the land “New” Mexico.
Then, in 1933 We still couldn’t let our neighbors be When FDR gave his plea We called it the Good Neighbor Policy
MR ROGERS SONG Act 2 is the Good Neighbor Policy The Jester in our comedy is Franklin Roosevelt. We applaud him for being the ultimate swindler as he became America’s savior. To much delight of the public, he attempted to infinitely extend their consumerist ways in the frightening face of The Great Depression’s shock to our divine placement at the top of the international spectrum. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. As already mentioned, I had my first sustained look at poverty while in Chile AND on license will prove to them and to us remains to be seen.
As the booming ‘20s came to a screeching halt, Americans held onto their love affair with consumerism—the Good Neighbor was the best of friends with the frontierlanders as long as they lent us a cup of sugar every once in a while, and sent us a Christmas card every year. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. It may seem bizarre.-even demented, to begin a book on the Good AND were at times confused. And. the president thrived on their confusion. Act 3 is the Present Day The topic’s viewpoint externalizes power within the state—creating essentialist identities that deny life by crushing any identity different than our own—Only by transforming our relationship to power by returning it to the individual can we embrace a community of active power, affirming contingency of all identities and values. Saul Newman "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment", Theory and Event, Vol. 4.3: 2000. pp-7-23 This definition of powerthat I have constructed -- as an unstable and free-flowing AND . It would be, in other words, an anarchism without ressentiment. Salvation morality engenders a depressive melancholy, negates the will to act Deleuze and Parnet ‘87 famous philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at the Sorbonne, Dialogues II, European Perspectives, with Claire Parnet, freelance journalist, translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam, 2002 pgs.61-62
When Spinoza says 'The surprising thing is the body ... we do not yet know AND of salvation, teaching to soul its life, not to save it. Our genealogy is a form of laughter—we trace the hollowness of metaphysical claims. Zwart 96 Hub Zwart, “Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter¶ The Structure of Moral Transformations” KOK PHAROS PUBLISHING HOUSE KAMPEN - THE NETHERLANDS 1996. JHJ Around 1970, Foucault?s archeology of medical, psychiatrical, psychological, etc AND and disguises, can modern man hope to attain his share of originality.
Being is always becoming but will have never became. Have you ever had the feeling of being laughed? When during a ‘serious’ moment your will to conceal laughter is conquered. This is the rhythm that laughs you and our introduction to the Anti-Humanist Paradox—that humans both make and are also made by history. We are inherently limited beings. Natural forces outside of control are constantly overtaking us and interrupting our becoming. In the face of this scary concept, we do not fall victim to the illusion of self-mastery. Instead, embracing laughter submits ourselves to the fate of chaos. Davis 95 Davis, Debra Diane. 'Breaking up' (at); totality: A rhetoric of laughter for politics and pedagogy. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 1995; ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text pg. n/a In one of my most vivid childhood memories, I am sitting in church, AND ,” she says, emphatically, “is no more” (230).
And, everything is destined to end. Our lives are always subject to interruption. We always fall short. The inescapability of limit means our only option is the here and now. Connor 6 Steven Connor, The text of a keynote talk given at Borderless Beckett, An International Centenary Symposium, Tokyo, 1st October 2006.It has been published in Borderless Beckett/Beckett sans frontières, Samuel Beckett Today/Aujourd’hui, 19 (2008): 35-50http:www.stevenconnor.com/finitude/ / JHJ A philosophy of limit never quite arrives: it always becomes a melancholy or invigorating AND yet-to-come, proleptically-belated, here and now. While FDR made promised to recapture the past affair with capitalism, he transformed Latin America into a frontier to secure the good ol’ consumerist way of life that was destroyed during the depression.
This desire for closure is the most seductive habit of beings—we hope to infinitely extend our past in fear of loss while refusing to recognize we are powerless in the face of altering the cosmos. Davis 95 Davis, Debra Diane. 'Breaking up' (at); totality: A rhetoric of laughter for politics and pedagogy. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 1995; ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text pg. n/a Driving for closure is one of our most devastating and yet most seductive habits. AND Ubermensch and Butler’s notion of “parodic inhabiting” will be instructive here.
And, attempts to infinitely stabilize our being negate life as it is. We can never accept the world that we have—always chasing endless control over the world to perfect our existence. Paul Saurette, PhD in political theory at John Hopkins U, in 96 "I mistrust all systematizers and avoid them': Nietzshce, Arendt and the Crisis of the Will to Order in INternational Relations Theory." Millenium Journal of International Studies. Vol. 25 no. 1 page 3-6 The Will to Order and Politics-as-Making The Philosophical Foundation of the AND , the Will to Order becomes .the fundamental philosophical principle of modernity.
While the policy has past—it was the birth of liberal society that still haunts us today. Liberalism ended the comedy of our moral lives by separating individuals into a public and a private self. The public self must be behave reasonably and abide by consensus, and the private self must never harm anyone else. We refuse to engage in the seriousness of the liberal topic that attempts to relegate our opinions to our private lives while maintaining perfect consensus in the reasonable realm of the public. While they may stand up and say we hurt their fairness and education, sitting criss-coss applesauce and defending public debate is only about avoiding controversy instead of moral truth. Zwart 96 Hub Zwart, “Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter¶ The Structure of Moral Transformations” KOK PHAROS PUBLISHING HOUSE KAMPEN - THE NETHERLANDS 1996. JHJ The effort to turn ethics into a more serious genre by securing a common ground AND public life an ever-increasing amount of responsibility has to be accepted. Although individuals were allowed to establish moral beliefs in the private realm of their lives, they are restricted by not being able to deliberate these thoughts in public. The new ethic of deliberation is one of exclusion in name of rationality. Liberalism hides under the guise of being a neutral discourse that in actuality dominates all other forms of subjectivity. Zwart 96 Hub Zwart, “Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter¶ The Structure of Moral Transformations” KOK PHAROS PUBLISHING HOUSE KAMPEN - THE NETHERLANDS 1996. JHJ A similar claim could be made for the subsequent transformation from the modern (or AND neutral, or rather, seeming neutral, is an effect of domination. Laughter is a way to moral truth—it exposes the vulnerability of once incontestable facts and relentlessly puts established convictions to test. This is the crucible of laughter. Zwart 96 Hub Zwart, “Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter¶ The Structure of Moral Transformations” KOK PHAROS PUBLISHING HOUSE KAMPEN - THE NETHERLANDS 1996. JHJ In his Critique of Cynical Reason Sloterdijk (1983) aims at rehabilitating cynicism proper AND Tijl Uilenspiegel (and one of the reasons why laughter often defies translation).¶
2/21/14
1ac good neighbor alta
Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Notre Dame LP | Judge: Odekirk Page 1 is The Love Affair That was President Franklin D. Roosevelt responding the tragic event of America’s Great Depression that created widespread exposure to poverty within our own country. Americans flocked to exhibits of graphic works of art that depicted the frightening suffering and chaos that ensued across the empire. These gruesome images inspired faith in a salvation mentality from suffering. Emerging out of the chaos was Franklin Roosevelt, who garnered widespread support of state intervention to be the savior of the New World, applying his magic touch to all crisis. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. As already mentioned, I had my first sustained look at poverty while in Chile, as the 1950s gave way to the '60s. The experience prompted AND to us remains to be seen.
Americans desperately held onto their love affair with consumerism—they held out against the chaos of tragic life. The Yankee Master welcomed Latin America with open arms as long as they conformed to traditional values—otherwise he threatened terrible retribution for straying from the moral universe. Pike 10 Fredrick B. Pike, winner of the American Historical Association's 1963 Bolton Prize, holds a distinguished graduate award from the University of Texas Institute of Latin American Studies. “FDR's Good Neighbor Policy: Sixty Years of Generally Gentle Chaos”. July 22, 2010. University of Texas Press – Publisher. It may seem bizarre.-even AND on their confusion. Only by transforming our relationship to power by returning it to the individual can we embrace a community of active power, affirming contingency of all identities and values. Saul Newman "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment", Theory and Event, Vol. 4.3: 2000. pp-7-23 This definition of powerthat I have constructed AND an anarchism without ressentiment. Page 2 is Finitude The moment we try to escape our finitude is our most dangerous one. Davis 95 Davis, Debra Diane. 'Breaking up' (at); totality: A rhetoric of laughter for politics and pedagogy. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 1995; ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text pg. n/a In one of my most vivid AND says, emphatically, “is no more” (230).
Laughter is the only way to let ourselves be in the moment. Connor 6 Steven Connor, The text of a keynote talk given at Borderless Beckett, An International Centenary Symposium, Tokyo, 1st October 2006.It has been published in Borderless Beckett/Beckett sans frontières, Samuel Beckett Today/Aujourd’hui, 19 (2008): 35-50http:www.stevenconnor.com/finitude/ / JHJ A philosophy of limit AND proleptically-belated, here and now.
And, this desire for closure is the most seductive habit of beings—we hope to infinitely extend our past in fear of loss while refusing to recognize we are powerless in the face of altering the cosmos. Davis 95 Davis, Debra Diane. 'Breaking up' (at); totality: A rhetoric of laughter for politics and pedagogy. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 1995; ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text pg. n/a Driving for closure is one of AND will be instructive here. Page 3 is Compartmentalization Individuals are expected to behave and not cause harm to others. Public debate became about avoiding controversy instead of moral truth. Zwart 96 Hub Zwart, “Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter¶ The Structure of Moral Transformations” KOK PHAROS PUBLISHING HOUSE KAMPEN - THE NETHERLANDS 1996. JHJ The effort to turn ethics AND of responsibility has to be accepted. Liberalism hides under the guise of being a neutral discourse that in actuality dominates all other forms of subjectivity. Zwart 96 Hub Zwart, “Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter¶ The Structure of Moral Transformations” KOK PHAROS PUBLISHING HOUSE KAMPEN - THE NETHERLANDS 1996. JHJ A similar claim could AND neutral, or rather, seeming neutral, is an effect of domination. Laughter is a way to moral truth—it exposes the vulnerability of once incontestable facts and relentlessly puts established convictions to test. This is the crucible of laughter. Zwart 96 Hub Zwart, “Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter¶ The Structure of Moral Transformations” KOK PHAROS PUBLISHING HOUSE KAMPEN - THE NETHERLANDS 1996. JHJ In his Critique of AND often defies translation).¶ Laughter exposes each other to vulnerability and danger. It is an experience of transgression. The only life worth living is one that risks destruction. Zwart 96 Hub Zwart, “Ethical Consensus and the Truth of Laughter¶ The Structure of Moral Transformations” KOK PHAROS PUBLISHING HOUSE KAMPEN - THE NETHERLANDS 1996. JHJ In my view, this quasi-AND the strategies of laughter.
2/22/14
1ac mexico stem
Tournament: Foothill Invitational | Round: Finals | Opponent: All | Judge: All Plan Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement towards Mexico for strategic partnerships including joint-degree programs. Solvency
aff solves Boz ‘13 James, May 3, one of the foremost Latin American foreign policy bloggers on the Web , Contributor to Southern Pulse, Writes for Woodrow Wilson Center and Conficker Working Group, Spoke at Parliamentary Forum on SALW , Fixing the problems in US-Mexico student exchanges, http://www.bloggingsbyboz.com/2013/05/fixing-problems-in-us-mexico-student.html
The Advantage is Competitiveness Scenario 1 – Economy ECONOMIC GROWTH HAS HALTED – AMERICA’S TRANSITION TO A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY IS SLOWING Florida 10 — Richard Florida, Senior Editor at The Atlantic, Director of the Martin Prosperity Institute and Professor of Business and Creativity at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, previously held professorships at George Mason University and Carnegie Mellon University and taught as a visiting professor at Harvard and MIT, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, 2010 (“The Roadmap to a High-Speed Recovery,” The New Republic, August 12th, Available Online at http://www.tnr.com/print/article/economy/76961/richard-florida-reset-recovery-economy-future, Accessed 06-10-2012)
AND, THAT IS THE PRIMARY THREAT TO U.S. COMPETITIVENESS – FAILURE TO TRANSITION TO A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY LEADS TO PERMANENT DECLINE OF PRIMACY Florida 5 — Richard Florida, Senior Editor at The Atlantic, Director of the Martin Prosperity Institute and Professor of Business and Creativity at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, previously held professorships at George Mason University and Carnegie Mellon University and taught as a visiting professor at Harvard and MIT, holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, 2005 (“The Greatest Competitive Threat of Our Time,” The Globalist, September 8th, Available Online at http://www.theglobalist.com/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=4719, Accessed 06-10-2012)
key to innovation and business Litan 10 Testimony of Robert E. Litan Vice President, Research and Policy Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Before the U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee “Fueling Local Economies: Research, Innovation, and Jobs” 6/29/10 http://www.kauffman.org/uploadedFiles/Litan_Testimony_6-29-10.pdf
Scientific leadership and maintaining innovation prevents dangerous economic imbalances that caused the recession. Teryn Norris and Devon Swezey. ?9. Teryn Norris-Senior Advisor @ the Breakthrough Institute. Public Policy Major at Stanford University, and Director of Americans for Energy Leadership. Devon Swezey-Project Director at the Breakthrough Institute and graduated from Stanford University. ?Winning the Clean Energy Race: A New Strategy for American Leadership.? Nov. 18th, 2009. Available online @ http://itsgettinghotinhere.org/2009/11/18/winning-the-clean-energy-race-a-new-strategy-for-american-leadership/ 3 FAILURE TO INNOVATE TANKS AMERICA’S HEGEMONIC DIFFERENTIAL AND DESTROYS PRIMACY Tellis 9 — Ashley J. Tellis, Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace specializing in international security, defense and Asian strategic issues, Research Director of the Strategic Asia program at NBR—the National Bureau of Asian Research, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2009 (“Preserving Hegemony: The Strategic Tasks Facing the United States,” Global Asia, Volume 4, Number 1, Available Online at http://globalasia.org/pdf/issue9/Ashley_J._Tellis.pdf, Accessed 09-13-2011, p. 55-56)
AND THAT LOSS OF HEGEMONY CAUSES GLOBAL CONFLICT BETWEEN GREAT POWERS – ECONOMIC PRIMACY IS SPECIFICALLY KEY Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 (“The Economy and National Security,” National Review, February 8th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011)
Economic collapse causes global conflict Friedberg and Schoenfeld, ‘8 Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America”, 10-28, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html
Statistics show economic decline increases the likelihood of war Royal 10 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Scenario 2 is Power Projection Competitiveness is critical to power projection. International developments in RandD will decimate U.S. leadership if left behind. Adam Segal is Maurice R. Greenberg Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations ?Is America Losing its Edge?? Nov/Dec. 2004 accessed July 20, 2010?
Skilled immigration key to military dominance in RandD?prevents tech diffusion from undermining hegemony. Paarlberg 4 Robert L. Paarlberg is Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College, and Associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. Much of his research concentrates on international agricultural policy, ?Knowledge as Power?, International Security 29.1 (2004) 122-151
US competitiveness suppresses conflict escalation – it’s key to heg Baru 9 (Sanjaya, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009 , pages 163 – 168)
Loss of mission effectiveness causes conflict in every hotspot—specifically Korea and Northeast Asia Kagan and O’Hanlon 7 Frederick, resident scholar at AEI and Michael, senior fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, “The Case for Larger Ground Forces”, April 2007, http://www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf
Nuclear strike’s coming and they’ll escalate -~-- threats are unprecedented Scott A. Snyder 3-29 is senior fellow for Korea studies and director of the program on U.S.-Korea policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Why North Korea regime is scary”, http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/28/opinion/snyder-north-korea/index.html
High miscalc goes nuclear spilling over globally and this time is different Steven Metz 3-13, Chairman of the Regional Strategy and Planning Department and Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute, 3/13/13, “Strategic Horizons: Thinking the Unthinkable on a Second Korean War,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12786/strategic-horizons-thinking-the-unthinkable-on-a-second-korean-war Nationalist island wars will draw in everyone. Sorman 12 - City Journal contributing editor Guy Sorman, “Where Nationalism Still Matters,” City Journal, 20 August 2012, pg. http://tinyurl.com/8kas2u3
Island disputes will go nuclear Hellman 12 – Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering @ Stanford University Martin Hellman (His current project, Defusing the Nuclear Threat, has been endorsed by a former Director of the National Security Agency, Stanford's President Emeritus, and two Nobel Laureates), “Another Early Warning Sign,” Defusing Nuclear Threats, Posted on September 28, 2012, pg. http://tinyurl.com/9r9vdhr
Relations are on the brink. Dobbins 12 – Director of the International Security and Defense Policy Center @ RAND Corporation James Dobbins (Former American Ambassador to the European Community and Assistant Secretary of State), “War with China,” Survival | vol. 54 no. 4 | August–September 2012 | pp. 7–24
Shifting the US–China relationship The US will never accept anything less than total domination – we will cling to heg Mearsheimer 11 John J. Mearsheimer, the “R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago” Jan/Feb 2011 “Imperial By Design” http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0059.pdf
2/22/14
1ac neoliberalism
Tournament: Alta | Round: 7 | Opponent: RoHo RW | Judge: Idriss Not without some warrant, however, because this topic truly does require you to advocate a neoliberal paradigm in order to be topical. There is no escape. Neubauer 12 (Robert J, is a Phd Student at the School of Communications at Simon Fraser University, Vancouver “Dialogue, Monologue, or Something in Between? Neoliberal Think Tanks in the Americas,” http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/viewfile/1481/789) A key function AND There is no alternative” (p. 7).
We incentivize blindness for the sake of productivity, that is the reason neoliberalism continues unabated Callaghan 4 (karen, prof of sociology @ barry, “globalization with a human face”) Globalization will be AND fatalism and despair. p73-74
Not only does the current educational sphere endorse pragmatic and static ways of endorsing politics but it also actively fights modes of knowledge that are critical of the corporate system while legitimating the authoritarian system Giroux 4 Global TV Network Chair in Communications at McMaster University in Canada, author of The Abandoned Generation: Democracy Beyond the Culture of Fear, (Henry A., “Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism: making the political more pedagogical,” Policy Futures in Education, Volume: 2, p. 495 and 496) CC The ascendancy of AND occupies a formative ¶ role.
Neoliberalism also produces massive disparities among schools. Corporations pick and choose schools to fund while other public schools are left in the dust, forced to pinch pennies in order to even survive Giroux 4 Global TV Network Chair in Communications at McMaster University in Canada, author of The Abandoned Generation: Democracy Beyond the Culture of Fear, (Henry A., “Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism: making the political more pedagogical,” Policy Futures in Education, Volume: 2, p. 495 and 496) CC Neo-liberalism has become AND to pizza parties
This form of neoliberalism is the root of racialized politics in the US and massive systemic violence. Neoliberalism teaches the value of consumption and investment rather than human rights or the power of social agency. That makes people of color a scapegoat for the system’s instability. Giroux in 4 (Henry, holds global television network chair in communications @ McMaster Univ, The Terror of Neoliberalism) The relentless spirit AND foundation in experi¬ence.42 p68-70 Wealth is the facilitator of success in debate, not talent. Fine 1 (Gary Alan, Professor of Sociology at Northwestern University, “Gifted Tongues: High School Debate and Adolescent Culture”, http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7086.html) CC Of the debaters who AND participation in debate.
These class divisions in debate make massive resource disparities. Some teams have multiple coaches and teams to cut and research the newest and best cards for every tournament while other teams don’t have the institutional support or have to work outside of school which prevents any possibility of them keeping pace with other teams. This makes policy arguments like politics a non-starter for those teams. That creates a catch 22 where many teams only option is to read arguments against the system of debate only to be struck down by larger teams preaching why they broke the “rules” and ironically why it hurts their “fairness” or “education”. Dhillon and Larson 10 (Kiranjeet and April, Graduate Students and Coaches at University of Northern Iowa, “Biological Sex as a Predictor of Competitive Success in Intercollegiate Forensics”, http://www.nationalforensics.org/journal/vol29no2-1.pdf) CC Kramer, Mulac, Lundell, and Bradac (1986) explain, AND “accessible to all” (p. 14).
This is a microcosm of how the education sphere has rewarded those who follow neoliberalism’s rigid structure and attempts to strike down those who attempt to build coalitions or consensus against power structures and instead endorse individual competition at its expense – this pushes students to the periphery and deems them “undeserving”. Wilkins, Ph.D. in Social Policy, Research Fellow at University of Roehampton, April 23, 2012 (Andrew, “The spectre of neoliberalism: pedagogy, gender and the construction of learner identities,” Critical Studies in Education, Vol. 53.2, pg 207-8)SG As a final thought, I AND bureaucratic administration.
Our narrative and experience is a way of building coalitions and intellectual radical activism, we use it as a locus for our opposition to neoliberalism Williams 5 Associate Professor of Spanish and Latin American and Caribbean Studies at the University of Michigan, (Gareth, The Other Side of the Popular: Neoliberalism and Subalternity in Latin America, pages 77-78, http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Other_Side_of_the_Popular.html?id=BhqdmLWEfWcC)//CS Within the transition to AND reason as a whole."?
Our social location shapes and defines our argumentative practices – that’s key to building advocacy groups and shaping the educational vision of debate. Swafford and Hinck 10 (Brian M., Ohio University and Edward A., Central Michigan University, “Performative Fiction: The Use of Scripts in Interactions Between Debate Competitors and Judges”, http://www.nationalforensics.org/journal/vol28no1-1.pdf) CC In a seminal article published AND students about audience ¶ adaptation.
Only by understanding that the structure is a choice demystifies it and allows us to create a new political paradigm. It is a pre-requisite to all other forms of contestation since neoliberalism shapes and limits the other choices we are provided. Hay, Professor of Political Analysis at the University of Sheffield04 (Colin, “The normalizing role of rationalist assumptions in the institutional embedding of neoliberalism”, Economy and Society 33:4, 2004, Taylor and Francis)AS Accordingly, however depoliticized AND at all at the ballot box?
Academic sites of contestation like this debate round are crucial to struggles over neoliberalism and shape how future politics and coalitions form in the future. It shapes the structures and organizations that support neoliberalism and creates engaging citizenship Giroux 6 (Henry, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, “Dirty Democracy and State Terrorism: the Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States”, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East) Such circumstances require that AND twenty-first century.
2/22/14
1ac space col
Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: all | Judge: all STEM AFF Space Col Module Plan Text: The United States federal government should increase its economic engagement toward Mexico through higher education joint-degree programs. Adv 1 – Engineering American aerospace companies are setting up shop in Mexico and filling future jobs will be a struggle as growth continues Guidi 11 Ruxandra, decade of experience with dozens of news magazines reporting on Mexico and the U.S.-Mexico border region, reporter and producer for NPR's Latino USA, Journalism Masters UC Berkeley. September 28, 2011 “Border Business: Aerospace As A Binational Industry” http://www.fronterasdesk.org/news/2011/sep/28/business-mexico-aerospace-industry-maquiladora/JHJ “The fact is that AND he U.S. side of border. Perception of university educated students in STEM fields is uniquely key to investment that sustains the industry Offshore Group 12 The Offshore Group, largest private sector employer in the state of Sonora, the company is the largest and most comprehensive provider of Mexico outsourcing solutions 6/29/12 “Metromatematicas and Mexico Aerospace Workforce Training for The Future” http://offshoregroup.com/2012/06/29/metromatematicas-and-mexico-aerospace-workforce-training-for-the-future/ JHJ Over the past ten years, AND the Mexican economy.
Mexico has massive amounts of willing STEM students, and its the only geographic location for companies to meet the international pressures of the industry Johnson 12 Tim, McClatchy DC Newspapers: Watching Washington and the Rest of the World. Bureaus in D.C., award winning and reporting for 2 centuries, 40 journalists are part of the wider McClatchy family of news men and women who work in 15 states, 30 communities and on four continents. 7/18/12 “Mexico takes flight as hub for aerospace industry” http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2012/07/18/156657/mexico-takes-flight-as-hub-for.html JHJ Mexico has an edge AND Mexico enters into the equation.”¶
Current university education for aerospace leaves students inadequately trained for work in Mexico Salieri 10 Giulia Nov. 2010 , study has been made possible thanks to the help of the people of the United States through US Agency for International Development (USAID) “Study on the Need for Human Capital in the Mexican Aerospace Industry” http://www.economia.gob.mx/files/en/data_and_research/aerospace_industry.pdf JHJ The study revealed the following AND success and avoid duplicating costs. There’s a laundry list of advanced aerospace training that will be required for effective growth Salieri 10 Giulia Nov. 2010 , study has been made possible thanks to the help of the people of the United States through US Agency for International Development (USAID) “Study on the Need for Human Capital in the Mexican Aerospace Industry” http://www.economia.gob.mx/files/en/data_and_research/aerospace_industry.pdf JHJ The industry is characterized by AND by ¶ CONALEP (for more information see Annex 10.3). Joint degree programs increases student exchanges and university research cooperation Wood ‘13 Duncan, Director of Mexico Institute at Wilson Center, Educational cooperation and exchanges: An emerging issue, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Wood_Edu_US_Mex.pdf
To attain this goal, it makes AND , working with existing accreditation organizations, governments and universities.
Fixing these barriers increases student exchange and provides private investment. Boz ‘13 James, May 3, one of the foremost Latin American foreign policy bloggers on the Web , Contributor to Southern Pulse, Writes for Woodrow Wilson Center and Conficker Working Group, Spoke at Parliamentary Forum on SALW , Fixing the problems in US-Mexico student exchanges, http://www.bloggingsbyboz.com/2013/05/fixing-problems-in-us-mexico-student.html
One of the announcements that the US and Mexican governments AND and the private sector talking.
The potential for expanding AND increase mutual understanding. Space industry has a severe skills shortage. It needs a quick infusion of STEM graduates to compete Stephen, Chair of the Aerospace Industries Association Workforce Steering Committee, 10 – Rick (Senior Vice President of Human Resources and Administration @ The Boeing Company), “HEADLINE: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATH EDUCATION,” Committee on House Science and Technology Subcommittee on Research and Science Education, CQ Congressional Testimony, February 4, 2010 Thursday, pg. ln Let me also provide a AND as well as private. Aerospace companies are key to space tourism needed for multilateralism solves asteroids, warming, and the economy - governmental control can’t solve Pelton, Research Professor with the Institute for Applied Space Research @ George Washington University, 10 Joseph N. Pelton (chairs a NASA and the National Science Foundation Panel of Experts that is conducting a global review of satellite telecommunications), “A new space vision for NASA - And for space entrepreneurs too?,” Space Policy 26 (2010) pg. 78-80 NASA – now past 50 – AND yet another opportunity lost. Only space tourism can create the economic conditions necessary for colonization. Extinction inevitable. Collins and Autino 10 Professor of Life and Environmental Science @ Azabu University and Systems Engineer @ Andromeda Inc., Italy Patrick Collins (Expert in the economics of energy supply from space) and Adriano Autino, “What the growth of a space tourism industry could contribute to employment, economic growth, environmental protection, education, culture and world peace,” Acta Astronautica 66 (2010) 1553–1562 7.2. High return in safety AND of a vigorous space tourism industry.
Space now – famine, scarcity, wars, and ultimate extinction are inevitable. only moving off the rock while we still have the resources prevents our demise and guarantees a peaceful, sustainable life on earth and across the galaxy
Engdahl 2003 Sylvia, “Space and Human Survival: My Views on the Importance of Colonizing Space,” November 3, 2003, www.sylviaengdahl.com/space/survival.htmtjc
A more urgent cause for concern AND be one of evolution’s failures. Space is vital to preventing multiple threats of extinction including climate change, disease, asteroids, comets, biodiversity, water, super volcanoes, and gamma ray bursts. Schwab, 05 director of the Homeplanet Defense Institute (Martin, Homeplanet Defense: Strategic Thought for a World in Crisis, chapter 1) We now face multiple threats to our very existence. Rapid climate change, sudden pandemics of disease, asteroid and comet impacts, space warfare leading to auto nuclear annihilation, biodiversity decline, scarcity of fresh water, super volcanoes and gamma-ray bursts from within our galaxy all have the potential to end global civilization. History demands that we do our duty. We must attack the assorted threats in unison. Six billion together cannot fail. All global threats can be defeated by an expanded human presence in space, if for no other reason than evacuation followed by back-populating Earth. Continued medical experimentation aboard the International Space Station (ISS) could yield breakthrough defenses against SARS, the Ebola virus and AIDS, each of which potentially threatens global civilization, as we know it. Surveillance satellites, in addition to monitoring Earth's natural systems, can aid various intelligence agencies around the world to prevent nuclear terrorist attacks against our global civilization. Chapter four of this work examines how harnessing solar power in space can help fight rapid climate change on the renewable energy front, without damaging our interdependent economies by over-reducing global carbon emission. There are many natural disasters that inflict death around our world. However, at our current level of understanding, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, mudslides, earthquakes and tsunamis do not pose planetary threats, nor are they preventable. Their effects on human life and property can only be mitigated. Asteroid and comet impacts are potentially catastrophic planetary threats as well as being the only preventable natural disaster.
Colonization reduces the chance of nuclear war and guarantees human survival even if one happens Stephens, 3 Rex, Quantum Theorist, The Preparation, http://www.thepreparation.net/Chap6.html The colonization of space AND Earth's (backward and unproductive) business.
Adv 2 – Framing Cooperative science projects like the plan make global cosmopolitanism an international necessity—the plan causes a shift in our collective mentalities.
Stuart 2009 Jill, Dr . Jill Stuart is LSE Fellow in Global Politics in the Department of Government at the London School of Economics and Political Science, “Unbundling Sovereignty, Territory, and the State in Outer Space”, from Securing Outer Space, edited by Bormann and Sheehan Regime theory provides AND "order" and "universe" . Empirically proven, space engenders human unity Daley 07 (Tad, Why Progressives Should Care About Human Destiny in Space, August 11, p. 2, http://www.alternet.org/story/59310/?page=1) And space has already AND see our planet as a whole.
Concentrating on ENVIRONMENTAL problems in space encourages peaceful, cooperative action as opposed to militarization
Moltz, 08 James Clay ,Associate Professor and Academic Associate for Security Studies, , Politics of Space Security
What emerges from this AND will be discussed later.) And, now is key—we are at a tipping point. Either you vote aff to endorse a critical cosmopolitanism or you cede control of outer space to the neo-cons. Dickens and Ormrod 07 – Professors at the University of Essex (Peter and James, August 2007, “Outer Space and Internal Nature: Towards a Sociology of the University” Sociology volume 41 number 4) This article has explored some AND contested in pivotal times. Space Colonization means a mass uniting of humanity a consciousness shift ending conflict Isaac Asimov, visionary genius, 1985 http://info.rutgers.edu/Library/Reference/Etext/Impact.of.Science.On.Society.hd/3/4 I have a feeling that if we really AND well that it symbolizes what I believe in too. Colonization is key to a consciousness transformation Frank White, author, 1987, The Overview Effect, p. 60-61 Thus, the lunar astronaut, in AND disunity, war and peace, com¬petition and cooperation. ? The plan creates “SMART SPACE POWER,” that promotes cooperative international problem solving on numerous space issues Sadeh, Asst Professor Space Studies @ UND, and Research Associate @ Space Policy institute @ GWU, ‘9 Eligar, ALSO IS REALLY QUALIFIED, Assistant Professor in the Department of Space Studies at the University of North Dakota where he directs the Space Policy track for the Department. Sadeh also serves as a Research Associate with the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University. Dr Sadeh has developed graduate level courses in Space Politics and Policy, Public Administration of Space Technology, Space Law, and Space and the Environment. He has also advised graduate students on various research projects ranging from Mars Base System Architectures, Human Adaptation to Microgravity, International Space Law, and International Space Cooperation. From 1997–2001 Dr Sadeh served as Program Manager of the Center for Engineering Infrastructure and Sciences in Space at Colorado State University. He worked for four years in the aerospace industry as a Systems Engineer with Lockheed-Martin Space Systems Astronautics Operations. In this position, he integrated space system architectures related to NASA space programs. From 1996–2001 Dr Sadeh was a University Instructor at Colorado State University, Department of Civil Engineering and Department of Political Science, and the University of Colorado, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering where he taught space-related courses and seminars. He also coordinated a graduate-level Space Engineering and Space Sciences Seminar for the NASA Space Grant College Program. Dr Sadeh actively participates within the Astronautical community and serves on the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Space Colonization Technical Committee, International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) Moon-Mars Committee, and the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) Space and Education Committee. He also directs the AIAA Dr Willy Z. Sadeh Graduate Student Award in Space Engineering and Space Sciences. Eligar Sadeh is President of Astroconsulting International and Editor of the journal Astropolitics: The International Journal of Space Politics and Policy (see url below). Publications include: Space Politics and Policy: An Evolutionary Perspective 2002; numerous articles in professional journals papers in the areas of space infrastructure development, space life sciences, and space policy, Space Policy 25 (2009) Viewpoint Space policy challenges facing the Barack Obama administrationwww.elsevier.com/locate/spacepol Available online 1 April 2009 6. Is USA space leadership AND potentially hazardous near-Earth objects. Space Beams Module (lay
2/22/14
1ac venezuela hezbollah
Tournament: LVDL | Round: Finals | Opponent: All | Judge: All Adv 1 is Canada
Challenging Russia on the economic front is critical -~-- it uses commercial ties and energy deals to secure its political interests Blank, 10 -~-- R esearch Professor of National Security Affairs Strategic Studies Institute U.S. Army War College (4/13/2010, Stephen J., “Russia and Latin America: Motives and Consequences,” https://umshare.miami.edu/web/wda/hemisphericpolicy/Blank_miamirussia_04-13-10.pdf / CAL)
Russian imperialism will result in a US/Russian nuclear war Scaliger ‘8 (Charles Scaliger, staff writer for the New American, 9/30/2008, Fanning the Flames in Georgia, The New American, p. http://www.thenewamerican.com/world-mainmenu-26/europe-mainmenu-35/394, Wake Early Bird File)
US/Russian war causes extinction – most probable Bostrom ‘2 (Nick Bostrom, professor of philosophy - Oxford University, March, 2002, Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards, Journal of Evolution and Technology, p. http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html, Wake Early Bird File)
Adv 3 Hezbollah
Absent plan, Hezbollah will inevitably strike the US assets. Noriega ‘13 Roger F. Noriega was ambassador to the Organization of American States from 2001-2003 and assistant secretary of state from 2003-2005. He is a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute – TESTIMONY OF AMB. ROGER F. NORIEGA BEFORE THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NON-PROLIFERATION AND TRADE – “Hezbollah’s Strategic Shift: A Global Terrorist Threat” – ELIPSES IN ORIGINAL – 1:30 PM, Wednesday, March 20, 2013 – http://interamericansecuritywatch.com/noriega-full-testimony-of-subcommittee-hearing-hezbollahs-strategic-shift-a-global-terrorist-threat/
Terrorism D doesn’t apply – Hezbollah’s motivated and has capability. Meehan ’11 Patrick Meehan. On the Homeland Security Committee, Meehan chairs the Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence. “HEZBOLLAH IN LATIN AMERICA—IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. HOMELAND SECURITY”¶ July 7th, 2011 – http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112hhrg72255/pdf/CHRG-112hhrg72255.pdf
Hezbollah would be innovative, would succeed, and would use WMD. Walker ‘9 (et al; Justin Walker – Intelligence Analyst Urban Warfare Analysis Center. The Urban Warfare Analysis Center produces innovative research and analysis of irregular warfare conducted in urban environments. We bring together personnel from diverse analytical disciplines – including science and technology, social sciences, linguistics, and military studies – to create unique insights across the full range of military operations. The UWAC serves clients in the Department of Defense, Intelligence Community, and broader national security arena – “Threat Analysis: Hamas and Hezbollah Sleeper Cells in the United States” – March 18th, 2009 – http://www.scribd.com/doc/76745623/ThreAT: Analysis-Hamas-and-Hezbollah-Sleeper-Cells-in-the-United-States-Urban-Warfare-Analysis-Center)
Independent of Hezbollah, Iranian-sponsored attack will hit US soil. Iran-Venzuelan ties key. Noriega ‘12 Roger F. Noriega was ambassador to the Organization of American States from 2001-2003 and assistant secretary of state from 2003-2005. He is a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute Testimony before the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations – “Iran's influence and activity in Latin America” – February 16, 2012 – http://www.aei.org/files/2012/02/16/-noriega-sfrc-testimony-feb-16-2012_152815934443.pdf
That causes the U.S. lash out, precipitating global war Schwartz-Morgan ‘1 Nicole, Assistant Professor of Politics and Economics at Royal Military College of Canada, 10/10/2001, “Wild Globalization and Terrorism,” http://www.wfs.org/mmmorgan.htm
And, Hezbollah and FARC will coop – Venezuelan-Iran ties are key Kaufman ‘12 (Joe Kaufman, candidate for United States Congress in Florida’s District 23. He is an expert on counter-terrorism, energy and foreign affairs. August 7th, 2012. "The Iran-Venezuela Connection: Gateway to Hezbollah in our Front Yard". InterAmerican Security Watch. interamericansecuritywatch.com/the-iran-venezuela-connection-gateway-to-hezbollah-in-our-front-yard/)
FARC is willing to use nuclear weapons leaked from Former Soviet States – intell proves BBC ‘10 (British Broadcast Channel. 10/19/10. "Colombia tries to stop rebels from getting nuclear arms". BBC. www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11580759)
Nuclear terrorism escalates to major nuclear war Ayson’10 Robert – Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington – “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, obtained via InformaWorld
Scenario # 2 is Iran prolif
Iran Prolif would cause Mideast nuclear arms race. Results in nuclear war Allison ‘6 Graham, Prof of Government at Harvard, “The Will to Prevent”, Fall, Harvard International Law Review, page lexis
Venezuelan banks key to Iran prolif and Hezbollah – US should exert leverage to break those financial ties. Noriega ‘10 Roger F. Noriega was ambassador to the Organization of American States from 2001-2003 and assistant secretary of state from 2003-2005. He is a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute – “Chávez's Secret Nuclear Program” – Foreign Policy Magazine – OCTOBER 5, 2010 – http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/05/chavez_s_secret_nuclear_program?page=0,1
Venezuela says “yes” – US oil leverage overwhelms Maduro’s domestic concerns. Metzker ‘13 (Internally quoting Diana Villiers Negroponte, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institute. Also internally quoting Michael Shifter, Adjunct Professor at Georgetown, member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and president of the Inter-American Dialogue. Jared Metzker is an IPS Reporter, Washington DC - Inter Press Service – June 17, 2013 – lexis)
US also has leverage on Iran issues – Maduro’s political drama spins Aff. Cárdenas ‘13 José R. Cárdenas is an associate with the consulting firm VisionAmericas, based in Washington, D.C. From 2004-2009, he served in various senior positions in the U.S. Department of State, the National Security Council, and the U.S. Agency for International Development, where he served as Acting Assistant Administrator for Latin America and the Caribbean – “Venezuela’s contested election is an opportunity for U.S. policy” – Foreign Policy – Tuesday, April 16, 2013 – http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/04/16/venezuela_s_contested_election_is_an_opportunity_for_us_policy
Venezuelan support specifically key to Hezbollah. Noriega ‘13 Roger F. Noriega was ambassador to the Organization of American States from 2001-2003 and assistant secretary of state from 2003-2005. He is a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute – TESTIMONY OF AMB. ROGER F. NORIEGA BEFORE THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NON-PROLIFERATION AND TRADE – “Hezbollah’s Strategic Shift: A Global Terrorist Threat” – 1:30 PM, Wednesday, March 20, 2013 – http://interamericansecuritywatch.com/noriega-full-testimony-of-subcommittee-hearing-hezbollahs-strategic-shift-a-global-terrorist-threat/
Methodology for our claims are sound and diverse. Noriega ‘13 Roger F. Noriega was ambassador to the Organization of American States from 2001-2003 and assistant secretary of state from 2003-2005. He is a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute – TESTIMONY OF AMB. ROGER F. NORIEGA BEFORE THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NON-PROLIFERATION AND TRADE – “Hezbollah’s Strategic Shift: A Global Terrorist Threat” – 1:30 PM, Wednesday, March 20, 2013 – http://interamericansecuritywatch.com/noriega-full-testimony-of-subcommittee-hearing-hezbollahs-strategic-shift-a-global-terrorist-threat/
We solve even if they say “no”. Plan ends “leading from behind”. That’ll stop the deep-freeze in ties with Caracas. Noriega ‘12 Roger F. Noriega was ambassador to the Organization of American States from 2001-2003 and assistant secretary of state from 2003-2005. He is a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute – “After Chávez, the Narcostate” – April 11th – http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/04/11/after_chavez_the_narcostate?page=0,0
Improving ties helps solve Iran scenarios. Jones ‘13 Steve Jones is a professor of history at Southwestern Adventist University. He specializes in American foreign policy and military history. Steve has fifteen years editorial experience in newspapers and magazines and another sixteen as a college professor. He regularly teaches a class in foreign policy. He is the author of The Right Hand Of Command: Use And Disuse Of Military Staffs In The Civil War, and several book chapters and encyclopedia entries on elements of warfare and its relation to foreign policy and social change. Steve received a B.A. in journalism from Northwestern Oklahoma State University in 1988. He earned an M.A.(1990) and Ph.D.(1997) in American history, both from Oklahoma State University. He did post-doctorate work in political science at the University of Texas at Arlington. “Does Chavez' Death Mean Better Relations Between U.S. and Venezuela?” – US Foreign Policy – About.com – March 7th – http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/alliesenemies/a/Does-Chavez-Death-Mean-Better-Relations-Between-U-s-And-Venezuela.htm
Ending deep freeze solves. When US leads “from the front”, it can break Venezuelan-Iran nexus. Noreiga ‘13 Roger F. Noriega was ambassador to the Organization of American States from 2001-2003 and assistant secretary of state from 2003-2005. He is a visiting fellow at the American Enterprise Institute – Washington Times – March 07, 2013 – ¶ http://www.aei.org/article/foreign-and-defense-policy/regional/latin-america/igniting-the-post-chavez-explosion/
2/22/14
1ac venezuela oil new advs
Tournament: LVDL | Round: Finals | Opponent: All | Judge: All Adv 1 is FDI
Venezuelan oil industry will inevitably fail Gjelten 13 (Tom, overseas reporting experience includes stints in Mexico City as NPR's Latin America correspondent from 1986 to 1990 - Gjelten covered U.S. diplomacy and military affairs, first from the State Department and then from the Pentagon, NPR, Venezuela's Next Leader Faces Tough Choice On Oil Program, http://www.npr.org/2013/04/11/176843567/venezuela-s-next-leader-faces-tough-choice-on-oil-program)
Increasing production revitalizes the Venezuelan economy—low production causes collapse -Only the US can handle Venezuelan oil because of crude refineries -They will send overflow to China – find a reason why that’s bad -Even if Maduro likes Chavez policies – their economic trajectory was unsustainable so they would support the plan Krauss 13 (Clifford, correspondent for The New York Times - a national business correspondent based in Houston, covering energy - covered the State Department - Congress and the New York City police department before serving as Buenos Aires bureau chief and Toronto bureau chief – author, March 8, Dwindling Production Has Led to Lesser Role for Venezuela as Major Oil Power, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/09/world/americas/venezuelas-role-as-oil-power-diminished.html?_r=2and)
Venezeulan oil market accessibility has a global ripple effect—major impact on prices Alejandro Urrutia Rodriguez 4/19/2013 (Editor of Mexico Oil and Gas Reivew, Global Conflict Analysis, "Effects of Hugo Chavez's Death on Global Oil Markets" globalconflictanalysis.com/2013/04/effects-of-hugo-chavezs-death-on-global-oil-markets/)
Decline causes war Royal 10 (Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Latin American relations check all conflict. Only engagement solves. Zedillo, et al., 8 – Commission Co-Chair for the Brookings Institute Report on the Partnership for the Americas and former President of Mexico (Ernesto, Thomas R. Pickering, etc, “Rethinking U.S.-Latin American Relations: A Hemispheric Partnership for a Turbulent World,” Report of the Partnership for the Americas Commission, The Brookings Institution, November 2008, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2008/11/2420latin20america20partnership/1124_latin_america_partnership.PDF)
Adv 2 is Russia Russia Investments Now But the Plan Would Jack the Contracts – Its Zero Sum Ruptly News Agency March 06, 2013 Chavez’s death opens oil industry questions for Venezuela http://rt.com/business/chavez-venezuelan-death-oil-887/ up a joint drill-manufacturing operation.
Challenging Russia on the economic front is critical -~-- it uses commercial ties and energy deals to secure its political interests Blank, 10 -~-- R esearch Professor of National Security Affairs Strategic Studies Institute U.S. Army War College (4/13/2010, Stephen J., “Russia and Latin America: Motives and Consequences,” https://umshare.miami.edu/web/wda/hemisphericpolicy/Blank_miamirussia_04-13-10.pdf / CAL)
Russian imperialism will result in a US/Russian nuclear war Scaliger ‘8 (Charles Scaliger, staff writer for the New American, 9/30/2008, Fanning the Flames in Georgia, The New American, p. http://www.thenewamerican.com/world-mainmenu-26/europe-mainmenu-35/394, Wake Early Bird File)
US/Russian war causes extinction – most probable Bostrom ‘2 (Nick Bostrom, professor of philosophy - Oxford University, March, 2002, Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards, Journal of Evolution and Technology, p. http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html, Wake Early Bird File)
Tar sands trade to China is key to reducing emissions – coal burning is net worse and demand for energy is rapidly growing Hwo 3 – 5 – 12 (Winnie, Climate Change and Clean Energy Campaigner with the David Suzuki Foundation, quoting Dr. Wenran Jiang - Chair at the University of Alberta, a senior adviser to the Alberta government and a frequent contributor to the Financial Post and CBC “Should Canada sell its tar sands oil to China? It is a decision Canadians need to make”, http://www.davidsuzuki.org/blogs/climate-blog/2012/03/should-canada-sell-its-tar-sands-oil-to-china-it-is-a-decision-canadians-need-to/ ck)
Coal emissions comparatively increase warming more than tar sands – studies prove Huffington Post 2 – 20 – 12 (quotes Andrew Weaver and Neil Swart – expert climate scientists - lead author on two reports from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Climate Change: Coal, Not Oilsands The Real Bad Guy Says Study”, http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/02/19/coal-oilsands-climate-change_n_1287693.html ck)
Extinction Tickell 08 Oliver, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction
China is using economic contacts to expand defense ties -~-- U.S. reengagement key to signal a firm response and deter conflict Dowd, 13 -~-- served as an adjunct professor and lecturer at Butler University, a researcher and administrator at leading think tanks, and a congressional aide (4/19/2013, Alan W., “Monroe Doctrine Version 2.0,” http://www.legion.org/landingzone/214857/monroe-doctrine-version-20)
Failure to rebuild ties on oil issues allows China to solidify its stronghold and use oil as a diplomatic weapon against the U.S. Hurst, 08 -~-- political-military research analyst with the Foreign Military Studies Office and a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Navy Reserve (9/8/2008, “China's Global Quest for Energy; Rocky U.S. Relationship with Venezuela is Playing into China's Energy Policy Despite The Ocean Between Them,” www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=740andpageid=andpagename= / Cal)
Triggers great power conflict with China Salameh, 11 -~-- international oil economist, a consultant to the World Bank in Washington, DC on energy affairs and a technical expert of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization in Vienna (Second Quarter 2011, Mamdouh G., International Association for Energy Economics, “China’s Oil “Adventure” into Venezuela,” www.iaee.org / Cal)
US primacy prevents global conflict – diminishing power creates a vacuum that causes transition wars in multiple places Brooks et al 13 Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. “Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment”, Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51,http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107
Adv 5 is heg Expanding market based investment is essential to Venezuelan stability and Maduro’s grip on power Campbell, 13 – editor of Alberta Oil (Darren, “A new leader could signal change for Venezuela’s troubled oil and gas sector; If Nicolas Maduro can reverse the industry's decline, it could siphon off investment in Alberta's oil sands,” 16 April 2013, http://www.albertaoilmagazine.com/2013/04/a-new-leader-could-signal-change-for-venenzuelas-oil-and-gas-sector/)
The impact is global hegemonic war Rochlin 94 – Prof. Pol. Sci. @ Okanagan University College (James Francis, “Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America”, p. 130-131)
That’s Putting Venezuelas Economy on the Brink of Collapse Sarah O. Ladislaw is co-director and senior fellow with the Energy and National Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Frank Verrastro is senior vice president and James R. Schlesinger Chair for Energy and Geopolitics at CSIS MAR 6, 2013 Post-Chavez Outlook for Venezuelan Oil Production http://csis.org/publication/post-chavez-outlook-venezuelan-oil-production
Failed states cause Disease, and Terrorism Ottaway ‘4 Senior Associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Mair Deputy Director at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Marina and Stefan, “States at Risk and Failed States, September, http://d1lj51l9p3qzy9.cloudfront.net/handle/10207/bitstreams/6593.pdf)
Prices Are Stable Now But Investors Are Watching Venezuela Closely – causes spikes Ruptly News Agency March 06, ‘13 Chavez’s death opens oil industry questions for Venezuela http://rt.com/business/chavez-venezuelan-death-oil-887/
Disruptions in Venezuela’s Market Share Causes Global Price Shocks Sarah O. Ladislaw is co-director and senior fellow with the Energy and National Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Frank Verrastro is senior vice president and James R. Schlesinger Chair for Energy and Geopolitics at CSIS MAR 6, 2013 Post-Chavez Outlook for Venezuelan Oil Production http://csis.org/publication/post-chavez-outlook-venezuelan-oil-production
Absent Shift Decline is Inevitable Richard L. Armitage and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. 2007 quals: Armitage is president of Armitage international and former Deputy Secretary of State During Bush Jr, Nye is a prof of poli sci @ Harvard “HOW AMERICA CAN BECOME A SMARTER POWER” CSIS COMMISSION ON SMART POWER
And, Legitimacy solves conflict escalation Brookes, Senior Fellow for National Security Affairs at the Heritage Foundation and is a member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 7-20-11 (Peter, “Why the World Needs a Strong America”, http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/id.9986/pub_detail.asp)
That’s Key to Solve CBW Attacks and Nuclear War Barlow, Director of the Berglund Center for Internet Studies, holds the Matsushita Chair of Asian Studies at Pacific University, Ph.D. in history from UC Berkeley, 2002 (Jeffrey, March, “American Power, Globalism, and the Internet: Editorial Essay”, The Journal of Education, Community and Values, http://bcis.pacificu.edu/journal/2002/03/editorial.php#6)
Extinction Posner ‘4, federal appeals circuit judge who has written books on a variety of legal and social issues, 4 Richard, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, Oxford University Press
Failure to Rebuild Relations Tanks the War on Drugs Mallett-Outtrim 6-16-13 (Ryan, “US Compromises on Venezuela as a Last Resort,” http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/9713, Mike)
Outweighs – most probable extinction -this evidence cites multiple peer-reviewed studies as well as terrorist group statements -answers defense based on means – there’s lots of unsafe material around the world and a lot of providers -answers defense based on motives – terrorists have an incentive to spur retaliation because it create chaos Jaspal– Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 12 (Zafar Nawaz, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111)
US Retaliates Ayson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld)
Solvency
Venezuelan Oil Production Declining Now Sarah O. Ladislaw ‘13 is co-director and senior fellow with the Energy and National Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Frank Verrastro is senior vice president and James R. Schlesinger Chair for Energy and Geopolitics at CSIS MAR 6, 2013 Post-Chavez Outlook for Venezuelan Oil Production http://csis.org/publication/post-chavez-outlook-venezuelan-oil-production
US Investors Are Waiting in the Wings – Creating a Climate For Investment is Key Ruptly News Agency March 06, 13 Chavez’s death opens oil industry questions for Venezuela http://rt.com/business/chavez-venezuelan-death-oil-887/
US Imports Key to Refining Their Crude By Clifford Krauss March 8, 13 Dwindling Production Has Led to Lesser Role for Venezuela as Major Oil Power New York Times
