Tournament: Great Midwestern JV National Championship | Round: 5 | Opponent: Minneapolis South GS | Judge: Tashma

The 1AC is hostage-taking - It is only the attempt to know the other from the self that creates a dualism and the condition for oppression.

BAUDRILLARD 1993 - Transparency of Evil, pg. 127-129
These days everything is described in terms of difference, but otherness is not the
AND
confined to reservations. These are the vicissitudes of a logic of difference.

This allows them to put the lives they attempt to save up for hostage, operating through a process of emotional blackmail that ultimately loses the other in simulation, an abolishment worse than death.

BAUDRILLARD 1992 - The Illusion of the End
In the case of the Romanian revolution, it was the faking of the dead
AND
.  All that remains of it are the traces on a monitoring screen.  

Voting neg on this argument constitutes a refusal of the demand of constituting ourselves as subjects of the political. When the masses do nothing, we can be liberated.

BAUDRILLARD 1981 - Simulacra and Simulation, p. 84-86
With one caution. We are
AND
regeneration of meaning and of speech.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 6 | Opponent: SF Washington MP | Judge: Anastasia Kazteridis

Will pass – momentum

Sergent 12-20, Greg, writes The Plum Line blog at the Washington Post, “The Morning Plum: Immigration reform coming in 2014?” 12-20, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/12/20/the-morning-plum-immigration-reform-coming-in-2014/
If there’s one thing that will test
AND
arguably stronger than at any time since 2010.”

Legislative requirements to closing Guantanamo means it will require a huge amount of Obama’s political capital

Huffington Post, 5-8-13
Newstex, “Guantanamo’s Collapse,” Lexis, accessed 7-6-13 UR

Fixing Guantanamo -- which is what Obama
AND
unsustainable and damaging to our national security.

Capital’s key but limited – the plan disrupts Obama’s careful strategy

Eilperin and Tumulty 12/10, Juliet, House of Representatives reporter for Washington Post, and Karen, national political correspondent for The Washington Post, “Podesta, Schiliro to return to White House,” 12/10,  http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/podesta-schiliro-to-return-to-white-house/2013/12/10/194b22f4-61a7-11e3-94ad-004fefa61ee6_story.html
President Obama is embarking on his biggest
AND
where you could spend your political capital.”

Visas are key to cybersecurity preparedness

McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html)
We have seen, when you look at the
AND
that's going to strengthen, I think, our system, our security needs.

Cyber-vulnerability causes great power nuclear war

Fritz 9 Researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament Jason, researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July,  http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf
This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism
AND
command and control centres directly.

Tournament: Homewood-Flossmoor | Round: 1 | Opponent: UC Lab CL | Judge: David Ellis

Capitalism naturalizes and shapes our world on a global scale – failure to challenge it co-opts all solutions

Zizek and Daly 04 – Slavoj and Glyn, (2004, Conversations With Žižek. Cambridge: Polity.)
For Ziiek it is imperative
AND
in an otherwise sound. matrix. 

Race and class are reproduced within capitalist relations – capitalism racializes subjects to force competition and divides social groups by obfuscating labor consciousness – this is a way to mask contradiction and maintain capital accumulation. This turns their method; we cannot become aware of our world and come to understand it under the oppression of global modern capitalism.

San Juan 3 (E, Fullbright lecturer @ U of Leuven, Belgium, “Marxism and the Race/Class Problematic: A Re-Articulation”, http://clogic.eserver.org/2003/sanjuan.html)
It seems obvious that racism
AND
practices of domination and subordination.

Independently, capitalism makes extinction inevitable.

MÉSZÁROS 2007, István, professor emeritus at the University of Sussex “Bolívar and Chávez: The Spirit of Radical Determination,” Monthly Review, Jul/Aug 2007, Vol. 59, Iss. 3
This is so because capital's incorrigible
AND
primary determination of human interchange.

The alternative is to vote neg to endorse global anti-capitalism – Only way to restructure society and is the key starting point.

Zizek and Daly 04 – Slavoj and Glyn, (2004, Conversations With Žižek. Cambridge: Polity.)
I don't mean economy in the vulgar
AND
control only the worst excesses of capitalism

Tournament: Niles Township Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marquette University CV | Judge: Aaron Vinson

China solves the case- provides a unique model for engagement in Latin America

Lengauer 11 Sara, Bond University, “China's foreign aid policy: Motive and method” http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1126andcontext=cm 9/1
Foreign aid, also referred to as development assistance
AND
as well as comments from government officials of aid receiving countries.

Tournament: University of Michigan | Round: 5 | Opponent: McDonogh Prep ER | Judge: Dave Weston

The U.S. is declining and China’s taking their place

Mallen 13
Patricia Rey, International Buisness Times “Latin America Increases Relations With China: What Does That Mean For The US?” http://www.ibtimes.com/latin-america-increases-relations-china-what-does-mean-us-1317981 June 28
As if to confirm
AND
it might be too late.”

Ending the embargo allows us to compete with China

Goodes, 9 (Jeff, Lt. Col. in the U.S. military, military fellows program, “Marine colonel: Drop the Cuba embargo,”  Friday, October 23, 2009, Foreign Policy, Online, http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/10/23/marine_colonel_drop_the_cuba_embargo, accessed 7/18/13) PE
The Obama administration's decision
AND
competitors with the United States.     

US influence in Latin America directly trades off with Chinese influence

Ellis 12
Dr. R. Evan Ellis is a professor of national security studies, modeling, gaming, and simulation with the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, with a research focus on Latin America’s relationships with external actors, including China, Russia, and Iran. holds a Ph.D. in political science with a specialization in comparative politics. May 2012- The Inter-American Dialogue - “The United States, ¶ Latin America and China: ¶ A “Triangular Relationship”?” http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD8661_China_Triangular0424v2e-may.pdf
At the political level
AND
from the Czech Republic.30

China’s influence in Latin America is key to their soft power

Malik, 06 – PhD in International Relations (Mohan, "China's Growing Involvement in Latin America," 6/12, http://uyghuramerican.org/old/articles/300/1/info@uyghuramerican.org)
China's forays into Latin
AND
cooperation and arms sales. 

Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction

Zhang 2012 (Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. “The Rise of China’s Political Softpower” 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm)
As China plays an
AND
will continue to surprise the world.

Terrorism causes extinction

Ayson 10 - Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, (“After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)
A terrorist nuclear attack, and
AND
chances of nuclear restraint.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge:
Any questions or if you want cites posted, email me:
dougstryker28@gmail.com

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 3 | Opponent: Blake LW | Judge: Kevin McCaffrey

Text: The United States federal government should permanently expand the US-Mexico cross-border trucking pilot program to all Mexican businesses seeking application. The United States federal government should establish a comprehensive, integrated safety regime for United States and Mexican motor carriers. We’ll clarify.

The counterplan solves the whole case by allowing more Mexican trucks into the United States at any point of entry; it doesn’t build new infrastructure. This is a comparatively larger internal link to all your advantages

Griswold ‘11
Daniel. Trade Expert for CATO. “Mexican Trucks Spat Costly to Economy” May 2011 http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/mexican-trucks-spat-costly-economy GBS-JV
On Friday, the 30-day comment
AND
and our reputation as a good neighbor.

The internal net benefit’s NAFTA compliancy – status quo trucking protectionism violates NAFTA and escalates into violent trade disputes

MacDonald ‘10
Chad. JD Vanderbilt Law. “Note: NAFTA Cross-Border Trucking: Mexico Retaliates After Congress Stops Mexican Trucks at the Border” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Winter 2009-10. lnGBS-JV
On March 16, 2009, Mexico
AND
of Congress and our NAFTA commitments." n12

Causes escalating retaliation

Lincicome ‘12
Scott. Trade Attorney at White and Case. “Countervailing Calamity: How to Stop the Global Subsidy Race” CATO Policy Analysis #710, 10/9/12 GBS-JV
Third, U.S. subsidies also raise serious
AND
long legal battles and tit-for-tat trade disputes.

Nuclear war

Panzner ‘8
(faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance
AND
societies as the beginnings of a new world war.

Tournament: Great Midwestern JV Debate Championship | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dowling MT | Judge: Kann

CP Text: The United States federal government should lower the corporate tax rate to at or below 25, eliminate corporate tax loopholes, end double taxation, and avoid temporary tax provisions.

CP solves the economy – incentivizes businesses to come to the US

Fichtner 12
~Jason J. Fichtner - Senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center. His primary research interests include Social Security, federal tax policy, federal budget policy, retirement security, and policy proposals to increase saving and investment. "Increasing America’s Competitiveness by Lowering the Corporate Tax Rate and Simplifying the Tax Code" http://mercatus.org/publication/increasing-america-s-competitiveness-lowering-corporate-tax-rate-and-simplifying-tax-http://mercatus.org/publication/increasing-america-s-competitiveness-lowering-corporate-tax-rate-and-simplifying-tax, 1/31/2012~ Lin
The most basic goal of tax policy is to raise enough revenue to meet the
AND
also opens the Congress up to be influenced by those seeking special favors.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Edgemont KX | Judge: Patrick Kennedy

1. “Resolved” means debate should be a legislative forum

Army Officer School ‘4
(5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces the following:
AND
 That this council petition the mayor.

2. The United States is the country composed of the 50 states

Encarta ‘7
The Encarta Online Dictionary. “United States” 2007 encarta.msn.com
U•nit•ed States  y? n?t?d stáyts  country in
AND
Official name United States of America

3. The federal government is the government in Washington DC – not its individual members

AHD ‘2
The American Heritage Dictionary. 2002, Pg 647GBS-JV
Of or relating to the central
AND
governments of its member units.

4. “Should” means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means

Ericson ‘3
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future
AND
action that you propose.

Vote negative –

A. Decision-making – a limited topic with equitable ground is key to our ability to advocate for things inside and outside of the contest round.  This provides adequate flexibility and innovation, but keeps the discussion targeted so that we can debate the merits of controversy

Steinberg and Freely ‘8
Austin – Civil Rights Attorney and David – Lecturer in Communication at Miami. Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, 2008, Pg 45GBS-JV
Debate is a means of settling differences
AND
 immigration debate during the summer of 2007. (  ) 

Linking the ballot to a should question in combination with USFG simulation teaches the skills to organize pragmatic consequences and philosophical values into a course of action – that’s the core of switch side debate

Hanghøj ‘8
Thorkild. Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish¶ Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of¶ Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have¶ taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the¶ Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab¶ Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where he currently works as an assistant¶ professor. “Playful Knowledge: An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming” PhD Dissertation at The Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark.  2008, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf//GBS-JV
Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s pragmatism
AND
domain-specific processes of problem-based scenarios.  

B.  Second is Predictable Limits - The resolution proposes the question the negative is prepared to answer.  Even if it is good to talk about their 1AC, they must prove we could have logically anticipated it.  This question comes prior to the merits of the aff because it implicates our ability to debate.  Debate has unique potential to change attitudes and grow critical thinking skills because it forces pre-round internal deliberation on a focused set of questions.

Goodin and Niemeyer ‘3
Robert and Simon – of the Australian National University. “When Does Deliberation Begin?” Political Studies, Vol 51.  2003. EbscoGBS-JV
What happened in this particular case,
AND
way of doing that for each of those key features.

C.  Third is Pragmatic Political Engagement – A focus on policy is necessary to learn the pragmatic details of powerful institutions – acting without this knowledge is doomed to fail in the face of policy professionals who make the decisions that actually affect outcomes

McClean ‘1
(David E., “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope”, Conference of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, http://www.americanphilosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/)
Or we might take Foucault who,
AND
snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."

Tournament: Dowling | Round: 2 | Opponent: Eagan JH | Judge: Cort Sylvester

Obama’s holding the line on Iran – but there’s bipartisan pressure for a new round of sanctions

AFP 12-4
The Agence France Presse. “Obama warns Congress on new Iran sanctions” 12/4/13 lnGBS-JV
The White House warned Congress
AND
new sanctions against the Islamic Republic.

Political capital’s key – Congress has to buy in to Obama’s diplomatic approach

Takeyh 12-2
Ray. Iran Expert at CFR. “How Obama Can Win Over Congress on the Iran Deal” Politico, 12/2/13 lnGBS-JV
The interim agreement reached between
AND
potential accord rests on a firm anchor.

Some Iranian nuclearization’s inevitable, but the sanctions make it unsustainable and rogue

Stephens 11/14 – Phillip is a columnist for the Financial Times. (“The four big truths that are shaping the Iran talks”, Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/af170df6-4d1c-11e3-bf32-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2kkvx15JT)
The first of these is that Tehran’s acquisition
AND
a run down of sanctions.

Nuclear war

Goldberg 2012 – Jeffrey Goldberg is a Bloomberg View columnist and a national correspondent for the Atlantic. (“How Iran Could Trigger Accidental Armaggedon”, 1/24/2012, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-24/how-iran-may-trigger-accidental-armageddon-commentary-by-jeffrey-goldberg.html)
The experts who study this depressing issue seem to
AND
fruition with a nuclear weapons delivery capability.”

Tournament: Hoosier High SchoolIndiana University | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bloomington DH | Judge: Taylor Sanchez

Obama’s full court press will succeed in preventing a new round of sanctions

Lederman 1-16
Josh. Politics for ABC News. “Obama Urges Senate Dems to Put off Iran Sanctions” ABC News, 1/16/14 lnGBS-JV
 President Barack Obama implored
AND
before putting new sanctions into effect.

The plan drains Obama's PC, but the CP doesn't

Zimmerman 10 – Chelsea A. BA from Barnard College (“Rethinking The Cuban Trade Embargo: An Opportune Time To Mend a Broken Policy”, 2010 = most recent citation, http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Fellows2010/Zimmerman.pdf)
Elimination of the trade embargo
AND
a political showdown would not be necessary to accomplish these measures.

Political capital is key

Koring 1-14
Paul. The Globe and Mail. “ Showdown on Iran nuclear pact looms in U.S. Senate” 1/14/14 lnGBS-JV
Rapprochement with Iran – the United States’
AND
historic first step in refashioning relations with Iran.

New sanctions bill incentivizes Israeli strikes on Iran

Perr 12-24
(B.A. in Political Science from Rutgers University; technology marketing consultant based in Portland, Oregon. Jon has long been active in Democratic politics and public policy as an organizer and advisor in California and Massachusetts. His past roles include field staffer for Gary Hart for President (1984), organizer of Silicon Valley tech executives backing President Clinton's call for national education standards (1997), recruiter of tech executives for Al Gore's and John Kerry's presidential campaigns, and co-coordinator of MassTech for Robert Reich (2002). (Jon, “Senate sanctions bill could let Israel take U.S. to war against Iran” Daily Kos, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/12/24/1265184/-Senate-sanctions-bill-could-let-Israel-take-U-S-to-war-against-Iran#)
As 2013 draws to close, the negotiations over the Iranian
AND
potentially, to all-out regional war.

Israel strike on Iran causes extinction

Reuveny 10
professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University (Rafael, “Unilateral strike could trigger World War III, global depression” Gazette Xtra, 8/7, http://gazettextra.com/news/2010/aug/07/con-unilateral-strike-could-trigger-world-war-iii-/#sthash.ec4zqu8o.dpuf)¶
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities
AND
Israeli strike could ultimately spark World War III.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker KM | Judge: Stephanie Garrett

Obama has stopped momentum for a new round of sanctions – but future challenges are coming

Collinson 1-30
Stephen. Politics for Middle East Online. “Obama stops Congress push for new Iran sanctions, for now” 1/30/14 http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=63901 GBS-JV
President Barack Obama appears to have prevailed
AND
for now, groups that supported the push against sanctions celebrated.

Plan’s already been done – only a risk the aff kicks up more dust and the banking lobby tries to repeal the aff during passage, draining more political capital

Preslan 11, J.D. expected, May 2011, Cleveland State University, Cleveland-Marshall College of Law; B.S. University of Dayton, (Kevin, "TURNABOUT IS FAIR PLAY: THE U.S. RESPONSE TO MEXICO’S REQUEST FOR BANK ACCOUNT INFORMATION," Global Business Law Review, 1:203, www.globalbusinesslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/PreslanK.pdf)
Complying with Mexico’s request is not as easy
AND
are staggering given the context of the regulation’s effect on ¶ Florida alone. 

Political capital is key

Koring 1-14
Paul. The Globe and Mail. “ Showdown on Iran nuclear pact looms in U.S. Senate” 1/14/14 lnGBS-JV
Rapprochement with Iran – the United States’ most
AND
in refashioning relations with Iran.

New sanctions bill incentivizes Israeli strikes on Iran

Perr 12-24
(B.A. in Political Science from Rutgers University; technology marketing consultant based in Portland, Oregon. Jon has long been active in Democratic politics and public policy as an organizer and advisor in California and Massachusetts. His past roles include field staffer for Gary Hart for President (1984), organizer of Silicon Valley tech executives backing President Clinton's call for national education standards (1997), recruiter of tech executives for Al Gore's and John Kerry's presidential campaigns, and co-coordinator of MassTech for Robert Reich (2002). (Jon, “Senate sanctions bill could let Israel take U.S. to war against Iran” Daily Kos, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/12/24/1265184/-Senate-sanctions-bill-could-let-Israel-take-U-S-to-war-against-Iran#)
As 2013 draws to close, the negotiations
AND
of these costs and lead, potentially, to all-out regional war.

Israel strike on Iran causes extinction

Reuveny 10
professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University (Rafael, “Unilateral strike could trigger World War III, global depression” Gazette Xtra, 8/7, http://gazettextra.com/news/2010/aug/07/con-unilateral-strike-could-trigger-world-war-iii-/#sthash.ec4zqu8o.dpuf)¶
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s nuclear
AND
A unilateral Israeli strike could ultimately spark World War III.

Tournament: Homewood-Flossmoor | Round: 3 | Opponent: Northside DD | Judge: Sydney Doe

Obama’s held off sanctions, but a new push is coming and risks war

AFP 2-20
The Agence France Presse. “Report undermines US Iran sanctions push” AFP, 2/20/14 lnGBS-JV
A new non-partisan report
AND
of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

The plan drains capital – regulatory battles

Ibarra-Yunez ‘12
(Dr. Alejandro, Professor of Economics and Public Policy – Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico), “Chapter 7. Energy Integration in North America: Politics and Policymaking,” Policy Research Project Report 174, May, http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/17560/prp_174-econ_reg_challenges_US_Mex_electricity-2012.pdf?sequence=5)
Greater integration of the
AND
ERCOT in depth as a unique participant.

Political capital’s key

Leverett and Leverett 1-20
Flynt Leverett 1-20, professor at Pennsylvania State University’s School of International Affairs and is a Visiting Scholar at Peking University’s School of International Studies, and Hillary Mann Leverett, Senior Professorial Lecturer at the American University in Washington, DC and a Visiting Scholar at Peking University in Beijing, 1/20/14, “Iran, Syria and the Tragicomedy of U.S. Foreign Policy,” http://goingtotehran.com/iran-syria-and-the-tragicomedy-of-u-s-foreign-policy
Regarding President Obama’s ongoing
AND
but we will see it globally.”

New sanctions bill incentivizes Israeli strikes on Iran

Perr 12-24
(B.A. in Political Science from Rutgers University; technology marketing consultant based in Portland, Oregon. Jon has long been active in Democratic politics and public policy as an organizer and advisor in California and Massachusetts. His past roles include field staffer for Gary Hart for President (1984), organizer of Silicon Valley tech executives backing President Clinton's call for national education standards (1997), recruiter of tech executives for Al Gore's and John Kerry's presidential campaigns, and co-coordinator of MassTech for Robert Reich (2002). (Jon, “Senate sanctions bill could let Israel take U.S. to war against Iran” Daily Kos, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/12/24/1265184/-Senate-sanctions-bill-could-let-Israel-take-U-S-to-war-against-Iran#)
As 2013 draws to close,
AND
to all-out regional war.

Israel strike on Iran causes extinction

Reuveny 10
professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University (Rafael, “Unilateral strike could trigger World War III, global depression” Gazette Xtra, 8/7, http://gazettextra.com/news/2010/aug/07/con-unilateral-strike-could-trigger-world-war-iii-/#sthash.ec4zqu8o.dpuf)¶
A unilateral Israeli strike
AND
ultimately spark World War III.

Tournament: IDCA State | Round: Quarters | Opponent: New Trier GT | Judge: Locke, Fahrenbacher, Peter

The United States federal government should extend a “MEXUS Plan” for emergency responses with Cuba. The United States Department of the Treasury will award licenses to firms with the equipment and expertise to fight the effects of an oil spill to operate in Cuban waters.

The CP solves better than the aff and doesn’t link to politics

Sadowski, 11
Richard Sadowski is a Class of 2012 J.D. candidate, at Hofstra University¶ School of Law, NY. Mr. Sadowski is also the Managing Editor of Production of¶ the Journal of International Business and Law Vol. XI. “Cuban Offshore Drilling: Preparation and¶ Prevention within the Framework of the United¶ States’ Embargo” – ¶ Sustainable Development Law and Policy¶ Volume 12; Issue 1 Fall 2011: Natural Resource Conflicts Article 10 – http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1497andcontext=sdlp
Cuba plans to drill seven exploratory
AND
that the United States has enacted with Mexico.

Cuba says yes to a Mexus offer

Sadowski, 11
Richard Sadowski is a Class of 2012 J.D. candidate, at Hofstra University School of Law, NY. Mr. Sadowski is also the Managing Editor of Production of the Journal of International Business and Law Vol. XI. “Cuban Offshore Drilling: Preparation and Prevention within the Framework of the United States’ Embargo” – Sustainable Development Law and Policy Volume 12; Issue 1 Fall 2011: Natural Resource Conflicts Article 10 – http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1497andcontext=sdlp
Further, spill response planning can be
AND
should work to draft and implement it.

Licenses solve drilling and spills

Stephens, 11
et al, Sarah Stephens – Executive Director of the Center for Democracy in the Americas – “As Cuba plans to drill in the Gulf of Mexico, U.S. policy poses needless risks to our national interest,” http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/Cuba_Drilling_and_US_Policy.pdf
Recommendations¶ Pursue Unilateral Actions¶ •
AND
Drilling) for environmental¶ planning with Cuba.

Tournament: Hoosier High SchoolIndiana University | Round: 4 | Opponent: GBN CS | Judge: Kagan

Movements against neoliberalism are growing and strong in Latin America and spill over globally - but the plans insistence on US led economic cooperation and integration reifies neoliberalism’s hegemonic grasp - instead of economic engagement, there must be a de-linking to preserve the environment and indigenous culture’s survival. Ethics require we don’t ask what we can do for the US but ask what’s best for people living in Latin America.

 
HARRIS 8 (Richard L Harris: Professor of Global Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay; Managing Editor of the Journal of Developing Societies (SAGE India); and Coordi¬nating Editor of Latin American Perspectives (SAGE USA). “Latin America’s Response to Neoliberalism and Globalization,” http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3506_2.pdf)
The economic, political and social development
AND
development that has pillaged most of the region. 

The impact is extinction – neoliberalism reduces existence itself to property to be exchanged, producing a drive to a single way of knowing and being – that causes massive structural violence and environmental destruction

LANDER ‘2,
(Edgardo, Prof. of Sociology and Latin American studies at the Venezuelan Central University in Caracas, “Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, and the “Natural” Order of Global Capital, Nepantla: Views from South”, 3.2, muse)
Just as resources formerly considered
AND
knowledge only lead to destruction and death.

The alternative is to vote negative to reject neoliberal knowledge production and endorse globalization from below. Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements

CHOI ET AL 4
Jung Min, John W Murphy, Manuel J Caro, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9
Many critics have begun to wonder why hamburgers
AND
With little left to why not pursue alternative visions?

Tournament: Niles Township Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: GBN KR | Judge: Mike Ewald

Text: The United States federal government should substantially expand its bilateral trusted traveler and shipper programs with Mexico.

Solves while avoiding building new infrastructure

Lee and Wilson 2012 (Erik Lee serves as Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University. Christopher E. Wilson is an Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. “The State of Trade, Competitiveness and Economic Well-being in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/State_of_Border_Trade_Economy_0.pdf)
Many Office of Field Operations (OFO) officers have several years of experience
AND
would be a useful tool in developing best practices for improving security while facilitating commerce.

Tournament: Great Midwestern JV Debate Championship | Round: 1 | Opponent: ICW WR | Judge: Weinhardt

Patent reforms will pass the Senate – momentum from the House and Obama’s pushing – that stops the patent trolls

Crouch 4-1
Dennis Crouch. Law Professor at the University of Missouri School of Law. “Patent Reform Moving Forward in Congress.” 4/1/14. http://patentlyo.com/patent/2014/04/moving-forward-congress.html  STRYKER
While the attention of the patent
AND
holding hearings on the proposal on April 3, 2014.

Obama’s PC and focus is crucial to reform passage – only a credible Obama push will succeed

Meyers 3-5
Jessica Meyers joined POLITICO from The Dallas Morning News, where she spent four years covering Texas politics, education and just about everything else. “Lawmakers: Patent reform will advance.” 3/5/14. http://www.politico.com/story/2014/03/patent-reform-104278.html  STRYKER
Two lawmakers immersed in patent
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That timing, Berman said, “concerns me greatly.”

Patent reform is key to innovation and the economy – this evidence is reverse causal

Shapiro 3-26
Shapiro is president and CEO of the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA)®, the U.S. trade association representing more than 2,000 consumer electronics companies, and author of the New York Times best-selling books, Ninja Innovation: The Ten Killer Strategies of the World's Most Successful Businesses and The Comeback: How Innovation Will Restore the American Dream. “Senate should finish off the patent trolls.” 3/26/14. http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/technology/201701-senate-should-finish-off-the-patent-trolls  STRYKER
Recent strong action by Congress and
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and allow innovators to thrive.

Nuclear war

Royal 10
Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense
Jedediah Royal, 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of
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debate and deserves more attention.

Tournament: Hoosier High SchoolIndiana University | Round: 5 | Opponent: East Kentwood OR | Judge: 

Embrace of the other turns their end goals – creates a mentality of the unjust enemy and leads to the destruction of the Other

Prozorov 06 (Sergei, Professor of International Relations at Petrozavodsk State University, Russia, “Liberal Enmity: The Figure of the Foe in the Political Ontology of Liberalism,” Millenium Vol 35 no 1, December 2006, 75-99, dml)
What interests us in this modality of the
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in Schmitt’s terms, an inimicus rather than a hostis.

Their ethic produces a false sense of equality – difference is seen as marginal and opposition to the ethical order is seen as illegitimate – paves a path to worse modes of violence – we don’t see the other as equal – thus when opposition ensures then violence is the only path

Odysseos 8, University of Sussex Department of International Relations, Dr. Louiza, Against Ethics? Iconographies of Enmity and Acts of Obligation in Carl Schmitt’s Theory of the Partisan, Practices of Ethics: Relating/Responding to Difference in International Politics Annual Convention, International Studies Association, March 22
In The Concept of the Political Schmitt
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under the heading of ‘self government’(2007b).

Tournament: Hoosier High SchoolIndiana University | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bloomington DH | Judge: Taylor Sanchez

Lifting the embargo’s a concession to socialism – spills over and grinds capitalism to a halt

Holmes ‘95
Kim. VP and Director of Foreign Policy and Defense Studies at Heritage. “Keep The Arms Embargo On Cuba” Heritage Committee Brief #14, June 1995. http://www2.fiu.edu/~fcf/cuba.embargo.her.html GBS-JV
 Since the U.S. imposed a trade
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free-market democracies in Latin America. 

Cuba’s brand of socialism is dangerous – the ethic of self-sacrifice explains the Holocaust and causes mass atrocity

Tracinski ‘3
Robert. Senior Analyst at RAND. “Why it can Happen Again” 4/22/3 www.aynrand.org JVOSS
The fundamental cause of the Holocaust
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rediscover the morality of individualism.

Vote negative to reject control of the market

*we disagree with the author’s use of gendered language
Dorn ‘4
James. James A. Dorn is vice president for academic affairs at the Cato Institute and author of “The Rise of Government and the Decline of Morality.” “Remapping the ‘Road to Serfdom’” The Washington Times, 2004 http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/mar/13/20040313-103738-9983r/?page=all GBS-JV
In The Road to Serfdom and other works,
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rather than erode, liberal principles.

Their economic starting point’s a prior question – embracing socialism risks extinction

Reisman 96
George.  Prof Emeritus of Econ @ Pepperdine.  Capitalism: A Treatise on Economics, 1996, Pg XXIV GBS-JV
In the absence of a widespread, serious understanding
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absence of Western food and medical supplies.

Tournament: Great Midwestern JV National Championship | Round: 5 | Opponent: Minneapolis South GS | Judge: Tashma

Contemporary radical Western criticism is the product of a desire to preserve the singularity of the Western intellectual as Subject.  The subaltern becomes the epistemological backdrop against which the dramas of bourgeois subjectivity are played out.  They start from the point of enlightened knowledge about the unenlightened Other, presumptuously assuming that if the subaltern were here, speaking, they would be on-board with the movement.  Even if the subaltern could speak, the performance of the affirmative would already have torn out their vocal cords.

Spivak 88 (Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Indian literary theorist, philosopher and University Professor at Columbia University, Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, 1988 "Can the Subaltern Speak?," Online, azp)
SOME OF THE most radical criticism coming out of the West today is the result
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supplementing an earlier economic text, can the subaltern speak? . . . 

This act of surveillance contributes to the violent disempowerment of the subaltern – their attempt to render the Other intelligible is just a way to fill in the blindspots in our military map of alterity – the result is that we can only ever see the people they debate about as targets for US bombs.

Chow 06 (Rey Chow, Humanities and Modern Culture 26 Media Studies at Brown University, 2006 The Age of the World Target: Self-Referentiality in War, Theory, and Comparative Work, 40-1)
Often under the modest apparently innocuous agendas of fact gathering and documentation, the "
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a definable object"—and by "the problem of the vanishing object."

Tournament: Great Midwestern JV National Championship | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Niles West DS | Judge: Tashma, Kann, Zelmer

U.S. deficit is declining now

Bouie 2/4 (Jamelle Bouie, "Congress Needs to Pump Up the Deficits," 02.04.14, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/02/04/the-deficit-is-falling-way-too-fast.html)**
As far as predictions go
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billion for the current year.

The plan’s federal financing for infrastructure spending since it is deficit-financed through the NAD bank will fail – multiplier will be negative, there will be delays, no targeting and permanence of infrastructure spending

de Rugy and Mitchell, 11 – both are senior research fellows at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University (Veronique and Matthew, "Would More Infrastructure Spending Stimulate the Economy?" September, http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/publication/infrastructure_deRugy_WP_9-12-11.pdf)//DH-http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/publication/infrastructure_deRugy_WP_9-12-11.pdf)//DH**
Notwithstanding the confidence of stimulus advocates, there is no academic consensus regarding the size
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United States deeper in debt at time when we can ill afford it.

This spending triggers bond market backlash – collapse the US economy – turns case

Samuelson, 11 - Washington Post columnist specializing in economic affairs (Robert, "Bye-bye, Keynes?," Washington Post, 12/18, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/bye-bye-keynes/2011/12/16/gIQAS2oD3O_story.html)//DH**
The eclipse of Keynesian economics proceeds. When Keynes wrote "The General Theory of
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solutions. What might have worked in the 1930s offers no panacea today.

This investor sell-off will collapse hegemony and risks great power wars

Khalilzad, ’11 – Bush’s ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the UN and former director policy planning at the DOD (Zalmay, "The Economy and National Security", National Review, 2-8-11, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad)**
The current recession is the result of a deep financial crisis-http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad, not a mere
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tax expenditures while lowering individual and corporate rates). These are promising options.

Tournament: Niles Township Invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: GBN KR | Judge: Mike Ewald

Congress will approve strikes on Syria – the Russia Bargain has bought Obama time to convince skeptics, but the window is small

Hook and Peterson 9-12
Janet and Kristina. Politics for the WSJ. “With Syria Vote Postponed, Congress's Focus Shifts” The Wall Street Journal, 9/12/13 FactivaGBS-JV
President Barack Obama's allies in Congress are using a pause in the Capitol Hill
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The officials didn't put a timeline on the renewed diplomatic negotiations. 

Capital’s key – Obama’s sustained, unwavering commitment is key

Cotler 9-11
Irwin. Irwin Cotler is the Member of Parliament for Mount Royal, first elected in November, 1999. He is a former Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (2003-2006) and is Professor of Law Emeritus at McGill University.  “ Obama Must Make a Stronger Case For Syria” Huffington Post, 9/11/13 lnGBS-JV
US President Barack Obama has embarked upon what has been called the "most consequential week of his Presidency"
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this certainly does match what the President and Secretary of State Kerry have called a "Munich Moment" let alone their WWII analogies.

Existential threat – failure to strike crushes primacy and causes wildfire proliferation

Cohen 9-3
Eliot. Prof IR Johns Hopkins. “The Stakes on the Syria Vote” The Wall Street Journal, 9/3/13 lnGBS-JV
On Saturday, when President Obama overruled his advisers, reversed his own policy
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no less than with the inept and inconstant president who has brought the nation to this pass.

Proliferation causes extinction

Bar ‘11
Director of Studies at the Institute for Policy and Strategy, at the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya. He holds a Ph.D in History of the Middle East from Tel Aviv University. Dr. Bar served in the Israeli intelligence community for thirty years where he held senior analytical, planning, and diplomatic positions, specializing in regional security, Islamic radicalism, and terrorism in the Middle East and East Asia. Dr. Bar has published a number of books and articles focusing on radical Islam, Iranian defense doctrine, Syria, Jordan, and the Palestinians (Shmuel, “Can Cold War Deterrence Apply to a Nuclear Iran?” www.jcpa.org/text/cold_war_deterrence_nuclear_iran.pdf)
A nuclear Middle East will be very different from the Cold War in a wide range of aspects
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This and the absence of a credible second strike capability may well strengthen the tendency to opt for a first strike.

Loss of US credibility causes nuclear war and ignites global hotspots

Cohen 3-19
Eliot. Director of Strategic Studies at Johns Hopkins. “Eliot Cohen: American Withdrawal and Global Disorder” The Wall Street Journal, 3/19/13 lnGBS-JV
In Mr. Obama's second term the limits of such
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those with an option hurry up and get nuclear weapons.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wayzata AG | Judge: Eric Forslund

Critiquing American empire is dangerous whining. Embracing decreases hegemony

Kagan 1998 – PhD, graduate of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, adjunct history professor at Georgetown, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Robert, Foreign Policy, “The benevolent empire”)

Those contributing to the growing
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celebration of the next American humbling.

Vote them down because their speech-act jeopardizes the lives of our soldiers. Complaining undermines vital resolve which is key to winning

EYAGO 05 Political Commentary – Sound Politics Reporter 7/8, http://www.soundpolitics.com/archives/004721.html, Sound Commentary on Current Events in Seattle, Puget Sound and Washington State
Finally, I am angry at those who
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gain is completely unconscionable.

Vote negative to endorse US hegemony – Retreat from primacy magnifies every international problem and escalates conflict

Thayer 2006 – PhD, professor of security studies at Missouri State, Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard (Bradley, The National Interest, “In defense of primacy”)
THROUGHOUT HISTORY, peace
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missions are the equivalent of a blitzkrieg.

Tournament: University of Michigan | Round: 4 | Opponent: Iowa City West BT | Judge: David Gobberdiel

Protectionism’s on the decline

Rapoza 5-17
(Kenneth Rapoza-contributor, “New Brazil WTO Director Says Protectionism Waning...Slowly”, Forbes, May 17, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2013/05/17/new-brazil-wto-director-says-protectionism-waning-slowly/)//TWR
Most Americans don’t care
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stone ages of 2001.

The plan’s support of renewable industry constitutes an actionable subsidy

Selivanova ‘6
Julia.  Expert in Trade from the Energy Charter Secretariat, Has a PhD in International Economic Law from University of Berne, has worked with the International Trade and Practice Group Baker and McKenzie for 4 years, former Consultant in the WTO’s Rules Division.  “WTO Rules and Sustainable Energy Policies” Bridges, Vol 10 No 7, JSTOR, 2006GBS-JV
The fact that certain
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category of actionable subsidies.

Triggers tit-for-tat retaliation

Lincicome ‘12
Scott. Trade Attorney at White and Case. “Countervailing Calamity: How to Stop the Global Subsidy Race” CATO Policy Analysis #710, 10/9/12GBS-JV
Third, U.S. subsidies also
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tit-for-tat trade disputes.

Nuclear war

Panzner ‘8
(faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs
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a new world war.

Tournament: IDCA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lane Tech PV | Judge: Katie Klante

Congress will approve a broad package of aid and sanctions toward Ukraine – political capital is key to secure GOP votes. The alternative is instability

Hughes 3-12
Politics for the WSJ. “Senate Panel Approves Ukraine Aid, Sanctions on Russia” The Wall Street Journal, 3/12/14 lnGBS-JV
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee
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impose tougher sanctions, the lawmaker said.

Political capital is key

Robersts and Timmons 3-12
Political Reporters for the Guardian (UK). “US financial aid to Ukraine in limbo as Congress wrangles with legislation” The Guardian, 3/12/14 lnGBS-JV
A political row over reforms
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reporters after his meeting with Yatsenyuk. 

Failure undercuts America’s diplomatic leverage in stabilizing Ukraine

Jager 3-13
Elliot. Politics for NewsMax. “ Senate Fouls up Bipartisan Bid to Give Aid Package to Ukraine” 3/13/14 http://www.newsmax.com http://www.newsmax.com/US/senate-ukraine-package-mess/2014/03/13/id/559248#ixzz2vr6nYUhw//GBS-JV
The failure of Congress to pass
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Strategic and International Studies, told The Hill.

Goes nuclear

Cohen 3-5
Ariel. Senior Research fellow for Russia Studies @ Heritage. “Getting Russia off the Ukraine Tree in the Crimea” http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2014/3/getting-russia-off-the-ukrainian-tree-in-the-crimea 3/5/14 GBS-JV
Clearly, Russian actions violate international
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Aggression should not stand.

Only existential threat

Bostrom ‘2
Nick, Dir. Future of Humanity Institute and Prof. Philosophy – Oxford U., Journal of Evolution and Technology, “Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards”, March, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html
The first manmade existential risk
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risks that we will encounter in the 21st century.