Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Coppel | Judge: Michael Kurtenbach
Text – The United States federal government should pass all legislation necessary to amend Section 211 of the 1998 Omnibus Appropriations Act on technical grounds guided by the agreements codified in the No Stolen Trademarks Honored in America Act to make sure that it applies to all persons, regardless of nationality, and gives the president of the United States the ability to temporarily suspend Section 211 to create exceptions for national security and diplomacy.

The counterplan solves the entirety of the case – uniquely has Section 211 meet the WTO ruling and TRIPS – prefer comparative evidence
Farhadian 13 - Sarah L. Farhadian, J.D. candidate, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law (2013); Editor in Chief, Cardozo Arts and Ent. L.J. Vol. 31; B.A., magna cum laude, Brandeis University (2007) (“STEALING BACARDI’S THUNDER: WHY THE PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE SHOULD STOP REGISTERING STOLEN TRADEMARKS NOW” Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal, 6/28/12,pages 318-339, http://www.cardozoaelj.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Farhadian.pdf)
The WTO Appellate Body issued its ruling on Section 211 over a decade ago120 and
AND
value of refusing to give extraterritorial effects to uncompensated confiscations of property.135

The exception avoids national security and diplomacy harms and uniquely solves the IPR advantage
Farhadian 13 - Sarah L. Farhadian, J.D. candidate, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law (2013); Editor in Chief, Cardozo Arts and Ent. L.J. Vol. 31; B.A., magna cum laude, Brandeis University (2007) (“STEALING BACARDI’S THUNDER: WHY THE PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE SHOULD STOP REGISTERING STOLEN TRADEMARKS NOW” Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal, 6/28/12,pages 318-339, http://www.cardozoaelj.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Farhadian.pdf)
However, it would be necessary to add a caveat to such a broad rule
AND
and perhaps more importantly, no nation can steal its trademarks.   
Amending Section 211 solves all of the case but avoids sending a signal of appeasement and crushing property rights
Marzulla 04 Nancie Marzulla, Lawyer, founding partner of Marzulla Law, founded Defenders of Property Rights, where she was involved in high profile takings cases in the Supreme Court, federal courts of appeal, and trial courts (“Testimony of Ms. Nancie Marzulla”, 7/13/04, http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/testimony.cfm?id=4f1e0899533f768e78d03281ffc2ea6andwit_id=4f1e0899533f7680e78d03281ffc2ea6-2-1)
we don’t support the gendered language in the card/altered for gendered language
In our view, there is no justification for repealing Section 211, as the
AND
the fundamental principles of property right protection upon which this nation was founded.

The counterplan solves – only amendment avoids propping up Castro’s tyranny
Hawkins 4- William R. Hawkins is Senior Fellow for National Security Studies at the U.S. Business and Industry Council, (“Castro's Trade Policy: Sex Slaves, Illegal Drugs, and Trademark Theft”, August 1, 2004, http://www.americaneconomicalert.org/view_art.asp?Prod_ID=1163)
In his strategy to foster a Cuba free from Fidel Castro, one of the
AND
extend its tyranny, perhaps even beyond the grave of its aging dictator.

Castro’s regrowth in tyranny will cause US-Russia military confrontations.
Walser ‘8
(Ray Walser, Senior Policy Analyst for Latin America at the Heritage Foundation – Chávez, Venezuela, and Russia: A New Cuban Missile Crisis? – WebMemo #2064 -- September 15th http://www.heritage.org/Research/LatinAmerica/wm2064.cfm)
Like his iconic mentor, Fidel Castro, Chávez thrives on mounting tensions and confrontation
AND
will take as it shapes its policy toward America's neighbors in the hemisphere. 

Small US-Russia conflicts can escalate or cause nuclear miscalculation
Gottemoeller ‘8
(Rose Gottemoeller was sworn in as the United States Department of State's Assistant Secretary for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance on April 6, 2009. She was the chief negotiator of the follow on for the Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty otherwise known as the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) with the Russian Federation. Since 2000, she had been with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace – “U.S.-Russia Cooperation on Iran: Aftermath of the Summer War in Georgia,” Carnegie Moscow Center, August- July 2008. PLESE NOTE – THIS CARD APPEARS IN A HOST OF CURRENT OPEN-SOURCE DEBATE DOCS AND THE URL THAT APPEARS ON THOSE CARDS MISDIRECTS TO A DIFFERENT Gottemoeller ARTICLE. The website below redirects to her October article:   http://www.scribd.com/doc/13031239/RussianAmerican-Security-Relations-After-Georgia)
No holds barred, no rules—the United States and Russia may be heading
AND
us, we could come close to nuclear  catastrophe before we knew it.

Tournament: Dowling | Round: 5 | Opponent: Hoflo FR | Judge: Emily Bosch
CP: The United States Federal Government should lift its economic sanctions on Cuba except all parts related to agriculture.
Cuba is transitioning to sustainable agriculture because the embargo- the plan reverses that
Gonzalez 03 (Carmen Gonzalez, Professor of International Law at Seattle University. 2003. "Seasons of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Cuba". Tulane Environmental Law Journal. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=987944)
Cuba was able to transform its agricultural development model as a consequence of the political
AND
and economic pressure from the United States and from the global trading system.

Cuban agriculture is key to environment and Cuban biodiversity
Peters 10 (Kathryn A. Peters, J.D. from the University of Oregon . "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution". University of Oregon Law School. law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in ¶ Cuba’s history,
AND
new economy for many Cubans without negatively ¶ impacting the environment or society.

The Caribbean is biodiversity hotspot
CEPF ‘10
(quoting Mittermeier -- the same author that establishes the “hotspot” thesis and writes our impact ev. , Dr. Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He holds Ph.D. from Harvard in Biological Anthropology and serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. CEPF is the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund – “Ecosystem Profile: THE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT” – Prepared by: BirdLife International¶ in collaboration with:¶ Durrell Wildlife Conservation¶ Trust / Bath University¶ The New York Botanical Garden¶ and with the technical support of:¶ Conservation International-Center¶ for Applied Biodiversity Science; assistance for this report was offered by 100 international and non-profit organizations. Jan 15th – http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_Caribbean_EP.pdf)

The Caribbean Islands Hotspot is one of the  world’s greatest centers of biodiversity and¶
AND
species amounting to at least 2 percent of the world’s total¶ species. 

Biodiversity in specific hotspots solves extinction -- key to ag, medicine, and ecosystems
Mittermeier ‘11
(et al, Dr. Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He holds Ph.D. from Harvard in Biological Anthropology and serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He has conducted fieldwork for over 30 years on three continents and in more than 20 countries in mainly tropical locations. He is the President of Conservation International and he is considered an expert on biological diversity. Mittermeier has formally discovered several monkey species. From Chapter One of the book Biodiversity Hotspots – F.E. Zachos and J.C. Habel (eds.), DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011. This evidence also internally references Norman Myers, a very famous British environmentalist specialising in biodiversity. available at: http://www.academia.edu/1536096/Global_biodiversity_conservation_the_critical_role_of_hotspots)

Extinction is the gravest consequence of the biodiversity crisis, since it is¶ irreversible
AND
than 30 of original vegetation remaining” criterion to a genuine hotspot.

Cuban agriculture is modeled globally
Ergas 13 (Christina Ergas, department of sociology at the University of Oregan. 4/19/13. "Food Sovereignty: Sustainable Urban Agriculture in Cuba". Centre for Research on Globalization".  www.globalresearch.ca/food-sovereignty-sustainable-urban-agriculture-in-cuba/5332167)
The agricultural revolution in Cuba has ignited the imaginations of people all over the world
AND
as they have been developed in opposition to a corporate global food regime.

Try or die- sustainable agriculture checks multiple scenarios for extinction
Peters 10 (Kathryn A. Peters, J.D. from the University of Oregon . "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution". University of Oregon Law School. law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
An adequate food supply is essential for the survival of the human ¶ race.
AND
areas with access to an adequate supply of fresh, nutritious ¶ food.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: GBS AK | Judge: Forslund
1nc counterplan
The United States Federal Government should initiate a binding impact assessment regarding the consequences of the plan and adopt such measure only if it can be made consistent with human rights ratified by the United States.
The counterplan solves and results in effective implementation of the plan
MacNaughton, 11  Copyright (c) 2011 by Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law Clearinghouse Review: Journal of Poverty Law and Policy January / February, 2011 Clearinghouse Review: Journal of Poverty Law and Policy 44 Clearinghouse Rev. 437 LENGTH: 9055 words ARTICLE: HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORKS, STRATEGIES, AND TOOLS FOR THE POVERTY LAWYER'S TOOLBOX NAME: By Gillian MacNaughton BIO: Gillian MacNaughton Executive Director Program on Human Rights and the Global Economy Northeastern University School of Law 360 Huntington Ave., 140 DK Boston, MA 02115 617.373.4972 G.MacNaughton@neu.edu, p. lexis
C. Human Rights Impact Assessment Human rights impact assessment is a process to investigate
AND
should consider how they might integrate human rights into their poverty law work.
It competes and is theoretically legitimate – it’s a PIC out of “economic engagement” – a responsible engagement strategy is key to broader human rights compliance – the plan and the perm fail  
Forcese, 02 Craig, Globalizing Decency: Responsible Engagement in an Era of Economic Integration, † BA, McGill; MA, Carleton; LL.B., Ottawa; LL.M., Yale; Member of the Bars of New York, Ontario and the District of Columbia. Associate, Hughes, Hubbard and Reed, LLP
Towards a Doctrine of Responsible Engagement Put simply, the proposed notion of “responsible
AND
by the international legal context in which they would be expected to operate.
That solves human rights leadership
Wexler, 8 Lesley, Assistant Professor, Florida State University College of Law “HUMAN RIGHTS IMPACT STATEMENTS: AN IMMIGRATION CASE STUDY”, 22 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 285, p. lexis
HIGHLIGHT: ABSTRACT The United States has long criticized other governments for their human rights
AND
concludes with some thoughts on the role of public participation in this process. 

Solves democratic backsliding and heg
Khodorkovsky, 11 Mikhail, once Russia’s Richest Man, was arrested in 2003 after speaking out against the growing power of then-president Vladimir Putin. He was tried and sentenced to nine years for alleged tax evasion. A second trial last year on new charges, widely viewed as a sham, brought him an additional 14 years.Stop Coddling My Country’s Rulers, http://mag.newsweek.com/2011/09/25/khodorkovsky-america-is-weakening-on-human-rights.html

If America can still be said to lead the world today, then its leadership
AND
for the ideals of freedom will find ourselves fighting an even lonelier battle.
Backsliding causes global war
Halperin 11 (Morton H., Senior Advisor – Open Society Institute and Senior Vice President of the Center for American Progress, “Unconventional Wisdom – Democracy is Still Worth Fighting For”, Foreign Policy, January / February, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/02/unconventional_wisdom?page=0,11)

As the United States struggles to wind down two wars and recover from a humbling financial
crisis, realism is enjoying a renaissance. Afghanistan and Iraq bear scant resemblance to
AND
Nor should we doubt that America would be more secure if they succeed.

Tournament: Blake | Round: Octas | Opponent: Wayzata HL | Judge: Kennedy, Hancock, Henderson
We advocate the 1ac minus the exclusive reference to “humanity” 

The 1ac seems to only care about certain aspects of humanity, their Ray evidence belies an understanding of what is an “impact” that logic and focus on the impacts of patriarchal violence obliterates subtleties required to solve problems for ALL, not just you Haley and Tiffany
Kochi and Ordan 2k8 “An argument for the global suicide of humanity”, vol 7, no 4
If only some of our genes but not our species has survived, maybe the
AND
the drives, motivations and thoughts that led to the Holocaust for example?

This argument is a voting issue and a reason they should lose and that the 1ac shouldn’t have happened
Kochi and Ordan 2008 Tarik ,Noam, Borderlands, Dec, 2008, An argument for the global suicide of humanity, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6981/is_3_7/ai_n31524968/?tag=content;col1
Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered
AND
, from killing to economic exploitation to abusing minorities, individually and collectively.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: Octas | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Osbourne, Kennedy, Dinser
1nc
We advocate an end of the War on Drugs in favor of a focus on rehabilitation
Our individual challenges is necessary to challenge the drug war
Saunders 11 (Debra J. Saunders, a columnist for The San Francisco Chronicle. Debra Saunders has also written for The Wall Street Journal. 6/12/11. "At Least 4 Good Reasons To End the War on Drugs". Rasmussen Reports. www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/political_commentary/commentary_by_debra_j_saunders/at_least_4_good_reasons_to_end_the_war_on_drugs)
"If we cannot destroy the drug menace in America, then it will surely in time destroy us," President Richard Nixon told Congress in a special message on June 17, 1971, which generally is credited as the day the "war on drugs" began.¶ Actually, Nixon didn't use the term "war on drugs" in the address. He used it later. And while Nixon talked tough about going after drug traffickers, he emphasized that rehabilitation would be a priority as he dedicated the lion's share -- $105 million of $155 million in new anti-drug funding -- "solely for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug-addicted individuals."¶ Some 40 years later, there are only losers in the drug war. Drug use is up; 118 million Americans have used illegal drugs, and the cost of prosecuting the drug war and offenders continues to mount.¶ On Friday, various anti-drug war groups will be holding vigils in Washington, San Francisco and other cities to remember the drug war's many victims.¶ "The war you plan is not necessarily the war you end up fighting," noted Eric Sterling, president of the Criminal Justice Policy Foundation.¶ Sterling should know. As a congressional aide, he helped write the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act, which featured draconian federal mandatory minimum sentences.¶ Sterling will be at the vigil Friday in Washington's Lafayette Square.¶ This column is not to pay homage to drug use. Drug abuse was responsible for the death of 38,371 Americans in 2007, according to White House statistics. In 2009, 10.5 million Americans reported they had driven under the influence of illicit drugs. That's scary.¶ Prohibition didn't work for alcohol, and it doesn't work for drugs. As Daniel Okrent wrote in his book "Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition," "In almost every respect imaginable, Prohibition was a failure. It encouraged criminality and institutionalized hypocrisy. It deprived the government of revenue, stripped the gears of the political system, and proposed profound limitations on individual rights."¶ I'll go down the list.¶ Encouraged criminality: The Department of Justice reported that in 2009, "midlevel and retail drug distribution in the United States was dominated by more than 900,000 criminally active gang members" representing more than 20,000 U.S. gangs.¶ Institutional hypocrisy: President Obama has admitted to using illegal drugs, President George W. Bush coyly would not say and President Bill Clinton said he didn't inhale. A drug conviction could have curtailed their careers, yet all three presidents were drug warriors in the White House.¶ Deprived revenue: Harvard economist Jeffrey Miron estimated in 2008 that legalizing drugs could save federal, state and local governments $44 billion per year, while taxing drugs could yield an added $33 billion.¶ Limiting individual rights: Allow me to quote Neill Franklin, a former Baltimore narcotics cops and executive director of Law Enforcement Against Prohibition. "President Obama needs to think about where he would be right now had he been caught with drugs as a young black man. It's probably not in the Oval Office, so why does he insist on ramping up a drug war that needlessly churns other young black men through the criminal justice system?" LEAP will release a report this week that addresses Franklin's concerns.¶ On the state level, the drug war has begun to wind down. In 2000, Californians passed Proposition 36, which mandates probation and treatment for those charged with drug possession. Last year, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed a law that made possession of small amounts of marijuana an infraction; 13 other states have similar laws.¶ As Sterling put it, "The states are no longer drinking the Kool-Aid from Washington on drug policy."¶ As for Washington: "Washington is never going to be the leader on this. They don't lead public opinion. They follow public opinion."

Their focus on narcocorridos glorifies drug cartels and makes them complicit with drug violence. It’s propaganda funded by cartels used to attract new recruits.
Santos 13 (Angela Santos, writer for Fox News Latino. 1/29/13. "Mexican ‘Corrido’ Music Becomes Anthem for Drug Traffickers, Film Shows". latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2013/01/29/mexican-corrido-music-becomes-anthem-for-drug-traffickers-film-shows/)
These days, a new blend of this type of music is being popularized by many norteño groups who sing about and glamorize drug traffickers in Mexico’s bloody drug war. This new genre – known as the ‘Movimiento Alterado’ (or Altered Movement) – produces songs called narcocorridos.¶ Photojournalist Shaul Schwarz gives audiences a look into this growing culture—one that sees drug lords as ‘Robin Hood figures’— with the premier of his documentary, ‘Narco Cultura,’ (Narco Culture). The film shows how the drug war fuels narco culture on both sides of the border, following the stories of both a Mexican crime scene investigator in Ciudad Juarez and a Mexican-American narcocorrido singer.¶ “I wanted to make the film feel almost like a fiction that would really be a story of two people but then be a story of the issue,” said Schwarz told Fox News Latino. “So many people speak about Juarez and about the drug war but I want make them feel how it feels to be there.”¶ Mexico has seen 60,000 murders since President Felipe Calderón called for the war against drugs in 2006. The high number has given narcocorrido singers a lot to croon about, he said.¶ “Not doing anything is going to make the youth think that these are Robin Hoods,” Schwarz said. “Eventually that’s a cancer for Mexico.”¶ Many narcocorridos are commissioned by drug cartel leaders who give singers big payouts for creating and popularizing the musical tributes. But the singers are not the only people making big money off of the music. Narcocorrido singers play sell-out shows at venues both in Mexico and in some of the biggest cities in the United States.¶ José Fernández, who runs Tequila Productions, an entertainment company, says he brings ‘Movimiento Alterado’ bands because they’re what people want to hear. And, he said, the money audiences are willing to pay to hear narcocorridos is hard to pass up.¶ “I’ve had customers that have bought a whole VIP section of eight for $3,000,” Fernández said. “It’s not much. You know, we’re not talking about AC/DC and all of that, but for a Latino, that’s a lot.”¶ In most of Mexico, the government has prohibited radio stations from playing this type of music, which they say supports drug trafficking. But fans of the narco culture can download the music over the Internet, see graphic narco films, and even find original footage of killings. In part of Schwarz’s film, young school children speak out about how they want to grow up and have narco boyfriends or be famous narcos.¶ “Everybody is singing and glorifying this—it makes it that much easier for the kids to just jump in. And they know it, the cartels, and they like it,” said Schwarz. “And I think the pop culture of it and it being ‘la moda’ in style, if you will, helps cartels take a lot of kids into their recruit basically.”¶ 

The discourse of the narcorridos is a violent manifestation of identity that affirms drug violence. It disables effective discourse by representing a blanket affirmation of cartels and blanket rejection of law enforcement- conclusion of their 1ac article
Lajous, 12 – doctor of Law at Yale, professor and researcher at Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica, a Mexican center of research and higher education specialized in social sciences (Alejandro Madrazo, “Criminals and enemies? The Mexican drug trafficker in official discourse and in narcocorridos,” translated by Fernanda Alonso)
In short, one may tentatively conclude that the counter-discourse found in ¶ narcocorridos in its most widespread and popular form does not correspond with ¶ the official discourse and in many ways, disables it: it refuses to place the ¶ criminal outside of the political community; it does not considered it a threat to ¶ the political community, but instead humanizes it. However, the prolific violence ¶ used to express, to affirm, to identify is present... and there is already an ¶ emerging awareness of the need to act in defense of a collectivity. And the threat, ¶ the female dog, was unleashed by the politicians. This tendency increases in ¶ corridos sung by younger musicians. Gerardo Ortiz is 22 and he has developed ¶ his career almost entirely during President Calderon’s War against drugs.¶ 41 This ¶ is without a doubt worrying and even more so, when it appears as a response to ¶ the presidential strategy. ¶ V. In conclusion (in progress) ¶ President Felipe Calderon’s discourse looks to the exclusion of drug traffickers ¶ from the political community, and makes a call to the "citizens" (of course, ¶ excluding offenders) to rally behind government. The violence that the state ¶ carries out is in self-defense and what is at stake is the nation itself. In his effort ¶ to make the criminal an enemy, he has turned him into an existential threat to the ¶ nation, comparable to the invasions of foreign powers in the nineteenth century. ¶ In contrast, the discourse embodied in the narcocorrido normalizes the ¶ relationship between criminals and authorities, placing these either as ¶ accomplices or as a threat. Generally, confrontations are explained by personal ¶ decisions, such as treason, and according to particular circumstances. In other ¶ words, the conflict is particularized and does not extend to the community. ¶ When there is a confrontation between drug dealers and the authority, the role of ¶ the "rival" (the authority) is minimized, not exalted. The authorities (police, ¶ army) are marginalized in the confrontations, defeated; or if they are successful, ¶ it is not due to their expertise or skill, but because of the errors of drug traffickers ¶ themselves or of betrayals (among themselves or by other corrupt cops or drug ¶ traffickers). ¶ Collective rivalries that do appear in the discourse of the narcocorrido exist, but ¶ not as projected in the official discourse. National rivalries exist between drug ¶ traffickers/smugglers, as was the rivalry between Mexicans and the Texan ¶ Rangers, initially. Later it appears between regions or, in any case, races. ¶ Authority is the subject of reproach when it betrays or kills the drug traffickers, ¶ or else is the object of ridicule, when it does neither. The drug lords mock ¶ authority, but do not see it an enemy that poses a real threat. ¶ The two ways in which we see the collective rivalry appear -as the Mexico / ¶ USA rivalry or else the regional rivalry- may point to a different type of conflict, ¶ other than a political one. In the case of the two collective rivalries pointed out ¶ here (Mexico/USA and Sinaloa/Oaxaca) it is a context of economically ¶ motivated migration, where marginalized and racially distinct migrant ¶ 41 http://gerardoortiz.net/tundras/?page_id=3¶ populations are exploited when migrating, and use the narcocorrido as a way to ¶ form a cohesive identity and a symbolic reversal of the exploitation and ¶ humiliation to which they are subjected. ¶ The resurgence of trafficking in corridos is simultaneous with the ¶ dismantling of the social, political and economic fabric in Mexico ¶ that started mainly in the late sixties and continued in the following ¶ decades. Because the Mexican state's social contract, which ¶ promised social advancement and economic development through ¶ the training of young professionals, was unfulfilled - and being a ¶ lawyer or doctor did not guarantee access to middle and upper ¶ middle class - the figure of the criminal as a trafficker, increasingly ¶ took hold in the social imaginary. (Ramirez-Pimienta, 2011; 84) ¶ Perhaps in the imaginary of the "traditional" (as opposed to "altered" or ¶ "progressive") narcocorrido, the enemy does not belong to a political ¶ community, but rather to a particular group that benefits from a context of ¶ economic exploitation. This question deserves a much deeper study, but given its ¶ relationship with another of the recurring themes in narcocorridos –economic ¶ necessity as a reason to start a life of crime and crime as an opportunity to ¶ achieve wealth, and with it social prestige— it seems important to point it out ¶ here. ¶ Having said that, we cannot lose sight of the troubling aspects of the political ¶ imaginary embodied in the narcocorrido, and in particular the younger (drug) ¶ corridistas, those who grew up during the recent wave of violence. Violence as a ¶ manifestation of identity (an old and recurring topic in narcocorrido) and the ¶ problem of violence unleashed by the war on drugs as a collective problem that ¶ requires collective action (just emerging), indicate the possibility of the ¶ politicization of the drug dealer before the State in the popular political ¶ imaginary. We're not there yet, but some key elements are present and, indeed, ¶ this notorious and insistent politicization in the imaginary of official discourse is ¶ starting to show up in the most violent narcocorridos. It would be prudent for the ¶ government to refrain from signaling the criminal as an enemy, to refrain from ¶ politicizing him. May not be the case that, through repetition, the criminal ends ¶ up taking the President to his word. Or worse still: that the population in general ¶ comes to interpret the current events as a civil war.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kent Denver | Judge: Tres Pittman
1nc – cp

Text: The United States Federal Government should ask Qatar to invest in United States Mexican collaboration on cross-border transmission, electricity regulation, standardization, and renewable and grid integration to the United Mexican States. The Executive Office of the United States should provide all necessary non-monetary support for the aforementioned program.

The counterplan solves the case – channels external investment towards domestic infrastructure
Rediker, 8 Heidi, Chief Economist  State Department of the United States, Financing America’s Infrastructure: Putting Global Capital To Work, http://newamerica.net/files/Financing_America_Infrastructure.PDF
What is missing is a mechanism for channeling these enormous pools of capital into long-term infrastructure development. We believe that the global bond markets already provide this framework and that the U.S. government should proactively seek to bring together our need for capital with investment entities willing to provide it through the global capital markets. Europe attracts investment to finance its infrastructure development from across the globe— including from central banks, U.S. and foreign pension funds, financial institutions, insurance companies, and other entities—through its large, pooled infrastructure-related debt markets. Addressing the issue of the size and granularity of the U.S. market— thereby attracting a wider group of investors— could be expected to have a positive impact on the 4 Financing America’s Infrastructure What is missing is a mechanism for channeling enormous pools of capital into longterm infrastructure development. overall funding costs for issuers, including those engaged in public infrastructure projects. The pooling of financial assets should not automatically be dismissed as being too financially risky. Rather, we believe that lessons can be learned from the current mortgage and credit crises, from the experiences of other countries (particularly within the EU), and from our own experience with the evolution of the U.S. mortgage market, government- owned and government-sponsored enterprises, and related market entities. Today’s global economic reality requires that we consider the use of financial tools to achieve our public policy goals.

And, the US request bolsters Qatari soft power – Qatar should foot the bill
Mainen, 11 8/16/2011, Matthew, policy analyst at the Institute for Gulf Affairs. Saudi's Dangerous Role in Syria, Mainen Middle East Analysis, http://mainen.blogspot.com/
The U.S. should provide democracy assistance through third parties financed by Qatar, such as think tanks. By organizing and financing the endeavor, Qatar, not the United States will be seen as the guiding party. In reality, Western ideology will guide the process. So, for example, say that for the constitutional convention, Qatar foots the bill for hiring a committee of outside advisers, but you will hardly find anyone qualified for this task in Qatar's government! Instead, you'd be looking to Harvard, Yale, former administration officials in the U.S. and other Western countries and leading policy analysts from think tanks like the Council on Foreign Relations. Qatar would take it upon itself to assemble and finance these experts, but will play a very limited role in their actual tasks. This is a win-win for the U.S. and Qatar. Qatar want's nothing more than prestige and out outshine Saudi Arabia. For the U.S., the benefits of having Western oriented thinkers guiding the process while avoiding "direct" involvement is obvious. After all, it's not the U.S. imposing it's will on the Arab world, but merely meeting its request as was the case in Libya.

Energy infrastructure investment is critical – Qatar says yes and the counterplan facilitates inter linkages that massively increases regional influence
Likosky, 10 “Obama's Bank: Financing a Durable New Deal”, September 13, Michael is a Fellow at NYU's Institute for Public Knowledge and the Center for State Innovation. doctorate from the Law Faculty of Oxford University, law professor at University of London
Qatar does not face as many immediate conflict-based legacies as the DRC. Also, in contrast to Bolivia and Venezuela, Qatar is attempting to integrate with the United States and others, although it is important to note that the U.S. market is important to Venezuela, D. Qatar In discussing how the revenues accrued from renegotiations are distributed domestically, the point has been made that it is difficult to disaggregate how the oil wealth of a country is spent generally from how renegotiation-generated oil wealth is spent. This point was made previously in relation to Venezuela. For this reason, it is useful to look at how countries productively channel oil wealth domestically into sustainable diversified economic growth strategies as a backdrop for understanding models that renegotiations might emulate. Here, we look at Qatar's efforts in this regard. As with development strategies generally, analysis of the successes and failures of Qatar in productively channeling extractive resources into sustainable domestic investments may not be clear for many years. Nonetheless, a number of lessons can be drawn from Qatars efforts. 1. The mechanics. Qatar is now investing its oil and gas revenue into an ambitious development program aiming to transform the country into a knowledge-based economy, This program has many components. The creation of the Qatar Science and Technology Park is an important part of the program. This park is reinforced by the creation of Education City. Both are in part foreign-direct-investment schemes and national growth strategies. The aim is to attract leading high—tech firms into the park and to mobilize their resources to grow a domestic knowledge economy. A number of synergies will make this possible. "Two important areas are technology transfer and the training of new economy laborers. The high-tech firms will partner with Qatar entrepreneurs and companies in an effort to localize operations, Such a partnership not only integrates local firms into the foreign companies’ operations; it also plays a role in growing a regional high-tech economy. By sharing knowledge and localization strategies, Qatar will be well positioned to take advantage of regional markets as they grow. 'To play a meaningful role in the transnational company operations and in the global economy more generally, Qatar has established Education City. This ambitious initiative attracts world-class universities to locate offsite centers within Qatar, Universities with operations in Qatar include Cornell, Carnegie Mellon, and Georgetown. Education City is unusual in that these universities confer degrees that allow Qatar graduates within the offsite centers to meet stringent U.S. professional standards. For instance, medical degrees conferred by the Cornell Medical Center within Qatar are equivalent to the 1miversity’s U.S. degree program. Furthermore, not only do these degrees confer international mobility on the graduates, they also help provide domestically trained workers that are valuable to foreign Firms locating within the Science and Technology Park. These efforts to stimulate growth within Qatar and to promote a regional economy are further reinforced through other national initiatives. For example, the Qatar Financial Centre uses the conservative revenue stream of extractive wealth to strategically channel capital into projects within the country and regionally. In other words, as with the sovereign wealth Funds, national extractive capital is being used as an investment vehicle in a way dissociated from the origin of the revenue and also, in part, for domestic growth purposes. 2. The evaluation. Thus, Qatar represents an example of how extractive wealth is not necessarily a curse. Of course, wide variation exists among countries as to the impediments of effective domestic channeling of resources. Nonetheless, Qatar might offer not only a model but also a potential partner to countries seeking to channel domestic capital effectively. It may that Qatar-based enterprises will increasingly seek their own international linkages with countries in Latin America and elsewhere. At the same time, as with other efforts to diversify economies or to leapfrog development, it is important to devise criteria for assessing the impact of domestic channeling of resources on short-, medium-, and long-term bases, The more ambitious and forward—moving a project is, however, the less reliable the metric. V. Concluding Observations and Prescriptions In conclusion, we might draw a number of observations about renegotiations and domestic distribution. First, more primary research and secondary literature debate are necessary to ascertain the nature of flows and their impact. Second, more comparative work is necessary in order to understand the empirical record in terms of both commonalities and divergences. It is also useful for cross-germination of lessons that might be learned. Third, new metrics need to be developed to understand and assess forward-looking deployment of revenue. If the impact will not be felt for some time. then how does one determine whether a certain course is advisable? Fourth, attention needs to be paid to the issue of opportunity costs. In other words, are renegotiations the most effective way of channeling resources domestically? Or do they create inefficiencies and lead to flip-flopping with upturns and downturns in the market? Filth, a cataloging of concrete policy prescriptions arising from a carefully designed research study that looks systematically, cross-nationally, and empirically at renegotiations is essential to move forward the debate.

And, filling in leadership gaps solves Lebanese explosion
The Daily Star, 12 Qatar holding reins of regional politics amid Arab turmoil, http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Feb-07/162446-qatar-holding-reigns-of-regional-politics-amid-arab-turmoil.ashx#ixzz1lsJqgyqO
The tiny Gulf state has also led mediation efforts in Lebanon, Sudan, Eritrea and Djibouti, and is also promoting an Afghan peace deal. "All indications point to the fact that Doha has become the capital of Arab politics and diplomacy," said Emirati analyst Abdulkahleq Abdullah. "This will continue in the foreseeable future." On Monday, Doha helped clinch a deal between rival Palestinian factions Hamas and Fatah to name Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas as head of an interim government tasked with organising long-overdue general elections. For months, the two factions failed to agree on the crucial political appointment, threatening the fragile truce signed between them last April. Qatar has also thrown its support behind the Arab uprisings that swept the region, unseating autocrats in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. In Yemen, President Ali Abdullah Saleh is also on the verge of stepping down. Qatar openly acknowledged sending troops to Libya in support of rebels fighting to overthrow longtime leader Moammar Gadhafi. Qatar "understood at an early stage that there was a new system in the making in the Middle East," said director of the Brookings Doha Centre Salman Shaikh, noting that "it took the initiative to ensure regional stability as much as possible." Qatar's emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, is a close US ally who has managed to maintain strong ties with Iran, despite heightened tensions with the Islamic republic's other Gulf neighbours and Western powers over its nuclear programme. Qatar's diplomatic initiatives reach further beyond the Gulf to Africa and South Asia. Last year, Doha brokered a peace agreement between the Sudanese government and rebels in Darfur, though the deal failed to take effect on the ground. In 2008, it brokered a deal between rival Lebanese factions to end an 18-month political feud that exploded into deadly sectarian violence that threatened to push the country towards civil war. Qatar's mediation efforts also helped Eritrea and Djibouti resolve their border dispute in 2008.  Qatar is also playing a crucial role in promoting a Afghan peace deal and is hosting talks between the US and Taliban officials. Pakistani Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani arrived in Qatar on Monday for discussions about efforts to bring an end to Afghanistan's 11-year conflict. "Qatar continues its effective diplomacy ... within a complicated geopolitical environment," said Shaikh. Meanwhile, Qatar's influential television news channel Al-Jazeera has changed the face of Arab TV journalism since its launch in 1996, with hard-hitting reporting on Middle East conflicts and controversial debates. Smaller countries, such as Qatar and to a smaller extent the United Arab Emirates, "have filled in the (leadership) gaps" left by the traditional diplomatic power-houses of the region, said Abdullah referring to Saudi Arabia and Egypt. However, "it is difficult to assume that Qatar's roles are not approved and supported by Saudi Arabia. At least some of them" if not all, said the analyst. "Saudi Arabia's main problem lies within its own walls -- an ageing leadership with a difficulty in responding and adjusting to developments despite its large diplomatic capabilities," he added. Qatar "also realises that it needs useful partnerships in its diplomatic efforts. This is why it relies on support from its allies such as Saudi Arabia" on complex political issues such as Syria, said Shaikh. Doha has yet to make a breakthrough in its efforts to bridge a widening gap between Washington and Tehran, who have not had formal diplomatic ties since the 1980s.

Lebanese instability causes global war
Stuart, 6 — Strategist, Negotiator and Futurist: minimising future risk at Alt3.co.uk (James, “Lebanon – the struggle continues” www.alt3.co.uk/discussion_files/lebanon.htm)
Why is this important? Why is Lebanon, which is a small country, so important to the rest of the world? Why should the world pay attention to the undeniable plight of Lebanon?  The world should pay attention because Lebanon is so crucially placed. It is also a democracy in a region infamous for its extremist inspired instability. The murderous extremists who inspire such instability are doing everything in their considerable power to maintain and spread this instability in the sure knowledge that stability will create growth – and they themselves will not be required. The extremists live to destroy. To sustain themselves they must spread their destruction. If the brave souls of Lebanon fall … who will be next? The eyes of the extremists will then turn to those rich states on the periphery of the region – and they will strip those states bare to feed their addiction and leave such a trail of destruction that will be truly unbearable, that will be truly shameful.  Lebanon is crucial to the stability of the entire Middle East region. It is crucial to the stability of the world. This is where a stand must be taken lest the extremists, and the madmen from external states who inspire the extremists, gain too much strength, too much momentum. Lebanon may be a small country yet here is where the heart of the world will either beat strongly or will cease to beat at all. If there is a wider instability there will only be a wider destruction – and will be too much to stop.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washington Technology DS | Judge: Dustin Meyers Levy
Metaphors are problematic because there can be no objective thought therefore all thought will be subjective, the plan can’t unite us when there is not objective thought.

Westra 2007 (Adam, graduate student of philosophy at university of Montreal, “Metaphors of Objectivity,” Episteme, #18, September. http://umontreal.academia.edu/AdamWestra/Papers/377483/Metaphors_of_Objectivity)
Herein lies the problem. Metaphor, given its nature and function in Bacon and
AND
is not objective, we must then reject the theories on the same grounds

Metaphor can never succeeded at breaking the signifier-signified dichotomy.

Travis – English Professor @ Dartmouth - 1997 (Peter W., “Chaucer's Heliotropes and the Poetics of Metaphor,” Speculum vol. 72 no. 2, JSTOR) tydar
At the very center of this place apart is the powerful reality of the metaphorical
AND
to name its activities,  its qualities, and most  importantly  its  essence?

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: GBS AK | Judge: Forslund
1nc

China is importing Cuban nickel now – lifting the embargo causes US importers to flood the market and crowd-out China
Fox News 06 (8/02/06. "Cuban Changes Could Offer Investing Opportunities". www.foxnews.com/story/2006/08/02/cuban-changes-could-offer-investing-opportunities/)
Cuba also has tight ties with Venezuela, which has replaced the former Soviet Union
AND
van Batenburg said he expects Freeport-McMoRan to try to reclaim ownership.¶ 

Cuban nickel is vital for the Chinese manufacturing sector
Murray 04 (Mary Murray, journalist for NBC News. 11/23/04. "China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy". www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4)
During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed
AND
Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.

Chinese manufacturing is the lynchpin of Chinese economic growth
AEI 13 (Asian Economy Institute. "The Decline of China's Manufacturing Sector". www.asiaecon.org/exclusives/ex_read/57)
Over the years, China’s unstoppable economic growth has been largely attributed to the strength
AND
, China may no longer be the best place in Asia to invest.

Chinese economic collapse causes World War III
Plate 3 (Tom, Visiting Professor of Asian Politics @ UAE University, Bachelor’s in Political Science @ Amherst, Master’s in Public Policy @ Princeton, Straights Times, 6-28)
But imagine a China disintegrating -- on its own, without neo-con or
AND
economic growth -- the very direction the White House now seems to prefer.

2nc

Chinese growth prevents lash-out, and maintains relations, American primacy, and the economy
Mead, 9 (Walter Russell Mead, Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Only Makes You Stronger,” The New Republic, 2/4/9, http://www.tnr.com/story_print.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8)
The greatest danger both to U.S.-China relations and to American power
AND
modernization and change; nobody knows what will happen if the growth stops.

Cuba produces a lot and China buys a lot
Burns 09 (Stuart Burns, 5/1/09. "Cuba Announces Massive Investment in Ferro Nickel Production". Metal Miner. agmetalminer.com/2009/05/01/cuba-announces-massive-investment-in-ferro-nickel-production/)
Cuba isn’t blessed with many assets, apart from an easygoing population and plenty of
AND
and though growth has slowed there, low growth is better than none.

China getting tons of Cuban nickel now
Bloomberg 5/13 ("SSINA Says Lack of Enforcement of Cuban Embargo Hurts U.S." www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchiveandsid=a_BaLEXNNYSM)
In a written statement submitted to the Committee on Ways and Means of the U
AND
, in violation of the U.S. trade embargo against Cuba.

China importing nickel now because embargo
Luxner 10 (Larry Luxner, News Editor for Cuban News. September 2010. "SSINA: Chinese steel tests embargo". Luxner News Inc. www.luxner.com/cgi-bin/view_article.cgi?articleID=1924)

U.S. stainless steel producers say they’re getting shafted by an embargo that
AND
U.S. stainless steel producers are not put at a disadvantage.”

The plan reorients nickel trade – geographical proximity means the US is more cost competitive
USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf)

In the absence of sanctions, there is likely to be a partial reorientation of
AND
additional supply source would be welcomed by U.S. buyers.86

Cost-competitiveness is key – Cuba will abandon all of its original customers – China will lose contracts
Sagebien and Spadoni 9 – Sagebien is Associate Professor @ School of Business @ Dalhouise University, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in the Center for Inter-American Policy and Research, Tulane University (Julia and Paolo, “OH, CANADA, WILL CUBA STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE? PREPARING FOR THE END OF THE U.S. EMBARGO ON CUBA”, Ivey Business Journal, September/October 2009)
Cubans will not be loyal to established suppliers and will bargain for the best deals
AND
but Canadian suppliers will need to create competitive advantages just like any others.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westminster KC | Judge: Leandra Lopez
Engagement’s limited now because of opposition by protectionist lobbies
Gvosdev 12 – Nikolas K. Gvosdev, Faculty of the U.S. Naval War College and Former Editor of the National Interest, “The Realist Prism: To Reset Latin America Policy, U.S. Must Think Big”, World Politics Review, 4-20, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11867/the-realist-prism-to-reset-latin-america-policy-u-s-must-think-big)
U.S. policy toward the
AND
the prism of domestic politics -- in this case Florida’s electoral votes.

Plan inflames domestic protectionism
McGinnis 00 – Professor of Law at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, “The World Trade Constitution”, Harvard Law Review, December, 114 Harv. L. Rev. 511, Lexis
It is true that free trade does not make
AND
at the expense of the public. 66

Lobbies will push restrictive regulatory measures -~-- wrecks trade and the economy
Watson 13 – K. William Watson and Sallie James, Trade Policy Analysts at the Cato Institute’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, “Regulatory Protectionism A Hidden Threat to Free Trade”, Cato Policy Analysis, 4-9, http://heartland.org/sites/default/files/pa723.pdf
Despite the impressive success of trade liberalization
AND
altruistic consumer advocates.

Extinction
Kemp 10 (Geoffrey, Director of Regional Strategic Programs – Nixon Center and Former Director of the Middle East Arms Control Project – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-234)
The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos
AND
for two-thirds of the planet’s population.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washington Technology DS | Judge: Dustin Meyers Levy
The role of your ballot is vote for the team producing the most liberatory scholarship –vote negative to endorse species standpoint theory and reject the 1ac’s speciest ontological logic
Best 7 Steven Best, Chair of Philosophy at UT-EP, 2007 JCAS 5.2

Commonalities of Oppression¶ “Compassion, in which all ethics must take root,
AND
drive us ever-deeper into an evolutionary cul-de-sac.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pine Crest MM | Judge: Buntin
1nc – kritik

The aff is a façade -~-- a pseudo-sign image of real progress -~-- this narcissistic reinforcement of power turns the case
Williams 2k (Christopher R. Williams, PhD, forensic psychology, professor and chairman of the Department of Criminal Justice Studies at Bradley University, Bruce A. Arrigo, PhD, administration of justice, professor of criminology, law, and society, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the University of North Carolina, Faculty Associate in the Center for Professional and Applied Ethics, “The (Im)Possibility of Democratic Justice and the ‘Gift’ of the Majority,” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 16, No. 3, August 2000, pgs. 321-343)
The impediments to establishing …  of real sociopolitical progress.

This narcissistic reinforcement of power turns the case
Williams 2k (Christopher R. Williams, PhD, forensic psychology, professor and chairman of the Department of Criminal Justice Studies at Bradley University, Bruce A. Arrigo, PhD, administration of justice, professor of criminology, law, and society, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the University of North Carolina, Faculty Associate in the Center for Professional and Applied Ethics, “The (Im)Possibility of Democratic Justice and the ‘Gift’ of the Majority,” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 16, No. 3, August 2000, pgs. 321-343)
Reciprocation on your …  of the advantaged. 

Their demand for the ballot is trapped in a web of scheming -~-- this poisons their call for change
McGowan 09 (Todd McGowan, Associate Professor, film theory, University of Vermont, PhD, Ohio State University, studies the intersection of Hegel, psychoanalysis, and existentialism and cinema, “The Exceptional Darkness of The Dark Knight,” Jump Cut, No. 51, Spring 2009, http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc51.2009/darkKnightKant/text.html)
According to Kant, ….  of one’s scheme.

The alternative is to vote negative because the 1AC’s ethics are right -~-- to be the Dark Knight -~-- this is the only option for true heroism and substantive change
McGowan 09 (Todd McGowan, Associate Professor, film theory, University of Vermont, PhD, Ohio State University, studies the intersection of Hegel, psychoanalysis, and existentialism and cinema, “The Exceptional Darkness of The Dark Knight,” Jump Cut, No. 51, Spring 2009, http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc51.2009/darkKnightKant/text.html)
Just as The … that we fight.

2nc -- kritik

Yet through all of this, it’s not even enough for the affirmative to simply present an ethical advocacy -~-- rather, they demand the ballot which is a morality of calculation -~-- it uses ethical challenge they pretend to advocate as a means to win the ballot -~-- this reduces us to mere pawns on their chessboard and controls the root cause of the 1AC’s harms and destroys the value to life
Dillon 99 (Michael Dillon, University of Lancaster, “Another Justice,” Political Theory, 1999, http://ptx.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/27/2/155)
Economies of evaluation
AND
 of the humanway of being.

Voting negative -~-- rejecting the affirmative is akin to Batman’s sacrifice -~-- it’s a choice to not be the hero but to allow the affirmative to lose the debate and die the hero -~-- a martyr who gave up the ballot for their ethics -~-- a true hero -~-- that’s a better method for generating community wide awareness and change and avoids the road to fascism turning their ethics
McGowan 09 (Todd McGowan, Associate Professor, film theory, University of Vermont, PhD, Ohio State University, studies the intersection of Hegel, psychoanalysis, and existentialism and cinema, “The Exceptional Darkness of The Dark Knight,” Jump Cut, No. 51, Spring 2009, http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc51.2009/darkKnightKant/text.html)
The film begins with Batman’s grasp of the problem
AND
 the road to fascist rule.

The alternative is invisible -~-- the lack of the appearance of the gift solves our offense
Williams 2k (Christopher R. Williams, PhD, forensic psychology, professor and chairman of the Department of Criminal Justice Studies at Bradley University, Bruce A. Arrigo, PhD, administration of justice, professor of criminology, law, and society, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the University of North Carolina, Faculty Associate in the Center for Professional and Applied Ethics, “The (Im)Possibility of Democratic Justice and the ‘Gift’ of the Majority,” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 16, No. 3, August 2000, pgs. 321-343)
Much of the distinction between law
AND
which a gift can be given (Derrida, 1991).

This doesn’t merely turn their ethics -~-- it also means the result of the plan is scapegoating and transference of violence
Delgado 03 (Richard Delgado, Professor of Law at Pitt, Texas Law Review, November 2003)
By the same token, Brown v. Board of
AND
but who are safer to attack.

Recreates violence -~-- their reductionist focus on economic engagement fails
Arrigo 2k (Bruce A. Arrigo, PhD, administration of justice, professor of criminology, law, and society, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the University of North Carolina, Faculty Associate in the Center for Professional and Applied Ethics, Christopher R. Williams, PhD, forensic psychology, professor and chairman of the Department of Criminal Justice Studies at Bradley University, “The Philosophy of the Gift and the Psychology of Advocacy: Critical Reflections on Forensic Mental Health Intervention,” International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2000, pgs. 215-242)
There is one last feature of Nietzsche’s theoretical
AND
assumes his/her unique role as (mental health) advocate.

Re-appropriates hegemonic domination
Arrigo 2k (Bruce A. Arrigo, PhD, administration of justice, professor of criminology, law, and society, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the University of North Carolina, Faculty Associate in the Center for Professional and Applied Ethics, Christopher R. Williams, PhD, forensic psychology, professor and chairman of the Department of Criminal Justice Studies at Bradley University, “The Philosophy of the Gift and the Psychology of Advocacy: Critical Reflections on Forensic Mental Health Intervention,” International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2000, pgs. 215-242)
Proponents of mental health treatment
AND
if the individual truly knew what was in her or his best interest.

This soothing of our own selfish desire to feel good also turns the case
Frazer 06 (Michael L. Frazer, PhD, “The Compassion of Zarathustra: Nietzsche on Sympathy and Strength,” http://www.gov.harvard.edu/files/The20Compassion20of20Zarathustra.pdf)
Perhaps we should turn our attention
AND
that can prove today whether one is worth anything or not” (WM 910, p. 481).

This turns the case and leads to mass self-inflicted violence
Khan 94 (Ali Khan, Law Professor 3at Washburn University school of Law, “Lessons from Malcolm X: Freedom by Any Means Necessary,” 38, Howard Law Journal 81, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/howlj38andid=89andtype=textandcollection=journals)
The second aspect of oppression is a systematic assault
AND
eliminate the dignity of the entire group.56

Tournament: Blake | Round: 7 | Opponent: Green Valley | Judge: Matt Malia
The aff’s attempt to start an educational movement will fail for the same reason every radical politics: it started at school. The educational-industrial complex is irredeemably flawed. Education saps the joy out of life and the energy out of politics, setting the fabric for an authoritarian society: reject their starting point and deschool debate
Illich, 1970 (Ivan, Deschooling Society, www.reactor-core.org/deschooling accessed 6-25-06)
If we add those engaged in full-time teaching to those in full-
AND
, therefore, at the root of any¶ movement for human liberation.
The outcomes of the aff’s formulaic educational paradigms have been rehashed repeatedly to the point of irrelevance. Radical politics are a boring waste of time – vote neg on presumption until they make a coherent spillover claim
CrimeThinc Ex-Workers' Collective '13 -- Access Date, "Your Politics Are Boring As Fuck" Nadia C. http://www.crimethinc.com/texts/selected/asfuck.php

Face it, your politics are boring as fuck. You know it's true.
AND
syndicalist," that's not going to accomplish shit, and you know it.
Moreover, their pedagogy causes authoritarianism– either they fail to spillover and create any change or they further instill authoritarianism
Hern 98 “The Promise of Deschooling”, Matt Hern, Social Anarchism #25, 1998

At root, any political or cultural arguments for deschooling have to rest on some
AND
students in school experience -- and learn -- is the antithesis of democracy.
Embrace anti-pedagogy as a means of resistance to the racial and economic logic of disposability within American transportation policies, situating deschooling as our site of opposition to the state
Bickel 4 “From artist to A/r/tographer : an autoethnographic ritual inquiry into writing on the body”, Barbara Bicket,  Degree Master of Arts - MA¶ Program Curriculum Studies, Master’s Thesis, 2004

I have unconsciously enacted an anti-pedagogical performance in my ¶ resistance to teaching
AND
, ¶ discontinuities, regressions, and deferred action (p. 23)." 

The alternative opens up space for a vast array of local and diverse learning facilities
Hern 98 “The Promise of Deschooling”, Matt Hern, Social Anarchism #25, 1998

a conclusion and hopefully, a beginning I believe that deschooling represents a fundamental piece
AND
, not only of personal autonomy, but of genuine social freedom. "

Tournament: Michigan | Round: 6 | Opponent: Chattahoochee DM | Judge: Aniela Butler
Their depiction of a violent international order is rooted in gendered binaries -~-- their flawed epistemology sets the preconditions for all violence -~-- turns the case -~-- vote negative to reject their gendered enframing of the world
TICKNER 1992 (Ann, professor at the School of International Relations at the University of Southern California, M.A. in IR, Yale, PhD in politcal science, “GENDER IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS—FEMINIST PERSPECTIVES ON ACHIEVING GLOBAL SECURITY”)
In previous chapters I have argued that traditional notions of national security are becoming dysfunctional
AND
because of the exclusionary, gendered way their own security has been defined.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 4 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Evan Jones
The retributive justice that comes with locating responsibility in specific historical locations is just as problematic as the ahistorical rejection of responsibility
Murphy 4 (Ann, Postdoctoral Fellow in the School of philosophy at the university of New South Wales, “The Political Significance of Shame,” Borderlands E-Journal, volume 3 Number 1, 2004)
9. If we take seriously the claims emerging from the discourse on generosity and
AND
imply the finitude of responsibility, or a specific breach of a contract.

Endorse shame and political charity as a challenge to renderings of responsibility that deny the incalculable nature of complicity
Murphy 4 (Ann, Postdoctoral Fellow in the School of philosophy at the university of New South Wales, “The Political Significance of Shame,” Borderlands E-Journal, volume 3 Number 1, 2004)
The Denigration of Shame 1. In recent debates concerning the responsibilities that individuals and
AND
of responsibility as strictly contractual is in many ways to do just that.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Saratoga HK | Judge: Christina Tsai
1nc – indigenism

We begin with a story of oppression
Burnett 1839 – Private in Captain Abraham McClellan’s Company, 2nd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, Mounted Infantry, (John, “John Burnett's Story of the Trail of Tears”, Cherokee Indian Removal, http://www.cherokee.org/AboutTheNation/History/TrailofTears/JohnBurnettsStoryoftheTrailofTears.aspx)
Men working in the fields were arrested and driven to the stockades. Women were
AND
on her back, and her other two children clinging to her hands. 

We are debating on STOLEN LAND – the affirmative is a typical leftist response to oppression that ignores and continues the on-going colonization of native North America – the Affirmative’s colonization of the debate space is the root cause of all their harms – turns the case – vote negative to give back the land and promote a return to indigenous knowledge – this is key to resisting Eurocentric domination
Churchill 96 – Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State (Ward, “From A Native Son”, 1996, pages 520-530)
I’ll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
AND
, sexist, classist, homophobic, militaristic order on non-Indians.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative to pursue indigenous land return as a first priority – this act of impossible realism is a pre-requisite to solving the case – any movement that fails to acknowledge the on-going colonization of Native Americans only reinscribes oppression – voting negative is the only solution
Churchill 96 – Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State (Ward, “From A Native Son” pages 85-90)
The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
“impossible realism.” Isn’t it time we all worked on attaining it?

2nc – overview

You can’t solve anything
Churchill 3 – Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State (Ward, “Acts of Rebellion”, pg. 244, 2003
http://cryptome.org/2013/01/aaron-swartz/Acts-of-Rebellion.pdf)
It’s time to stop fantasizing and confront what this consummation might look like. To
AND
, police, and penal establishments? The answer is that you can’t.

As long as we’re stealing land, the equality that the affirmative seeks will never actualize – this failure turns the case by disenchanting activists with the idea of meaningful change and reinforces the hegemony of the current system
Churchill 3 – Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State (Ward, “Acts of Rebellion”, 2003, page 244, http://cryptome.org/2013/01/aaron-swartz/Acts-of-Rebellion.pdf)
So long as this is the case, all efforts at positive social transformation,
AND
supposed alternatives to the status quo serves to significantly reinforce its hegemony.20

2nc – links

Links of omission are no different – to know but ignore is itself a form of colonial domination
Churchill, 03 – Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State (Ward, on the Justice of Roosting chickens: Reflections on the Consequences of US Imperial Arrogance and Criminality, pages 5-7)
September 11, 2001, will now and forever be emblazoned in the shorthand of
AND
counterpart.’ 3 In sum, they’d “brought it on themselves. 

Silence – The affirmative’s silence is the denial that has sustained Native American genocide – it’s a tactic of the state – this is the root cause of slavery, imperialism, and war – these atrocities will be repeated unless indigenous struggles are recognized
Street 05 – Ph.D U.S. History, research director at the Chicago Urban League, journalist whose articles have appeared in Journal of Social History, and the Journal of American Ethnic History (Paul, “Those Who Deny the Crimes of the Past: American Racist Atrocity Denial”, 3/18/05, http://www.doublestandards.org/street1.html)
It is especially important to appreciate the significance of the vicious, often explicitly genocidal
AND
roamed by an immeasurably more civilized people than those who came to destroy.

2nc at: permutation

Footnoting DA – permutation relegates indigenous land rights to the periphery by pursuing other agendas alongside land rights – this eliminates the priority of the cause and neutralizes action
Churchill 03 – Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State (Ward, “On the Justice of Roosting Chickens”, 2003, page 8)
Turning to America’s vaunted “opposition,” we find record of not a single significant
AND
principled pacifism,” the practice of proponents often suggests something far less noble.

Cultural Genocide DA – the permutation attempts tries to assimilate Native American culture with the 1AC – causes spiritual and cultural genocide
Churchill 92 – Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State (“Fantasies of the Master Race”, 1992, pg. 194-195)

"We are resisting this," Means goes on, "because spirituality is the
AND
is the will and reason to live?' Both are horrible."

2nc – alternative

Rejecting the affirmative is an effective point of departure because any act of resistance opens up future possibilities that will create broader social change
Churchill 03 – Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State (Acts of Rebellion: The Ward Churchill Reader.  THE NEW FACE OF LIBERATION:  Indigenous Rebellion, State Repression, and the Reality of the Fourth World)
Most of all, it’s imperative to remember that the first element of oppositional power
AND
. You will in effect feel freer right from the get-go.

Ignorance is rooted in all of us — the only mechanism to resolve that is to end the series of lies that construct society — only the negative’s performance revealing the theft of the land from Native peoples can account for that — don’t focus on the past, focus on the now
Kilgore 3 – Master of Arts in English thesis @ East Tennessee State University, (Tracy Y., August 2003, “The Story is Everything: The Path to Renewal in Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony”, http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1952andcontext=etd)
Tayo’s search for his uncle Josiah’s cattle is an integral part of the ceremony,
AND
single night; and there has never been any other. (192)

Tournament: Blake | Round: Octas | Opponent: Wayzata HL | Judge: Kennedy, Hancock, Henderson
The plan is nothing more than a clever ploy – its true purpose is to appease rather than empower – your problems might be real, but they pale in comparison to the ongoing genocide of millions of Native peoples
Churchill 03 ward, professor of american indian studies at university colorado – boulder, “on the justice of roosting chickens – reflections on the consequences of u.s. imperial arrogance and criminality”, pp. 7-8

To be sure, I’ve “oversimplified,” committed “reductionism” and “compared
AND
are Dying, by a margin of almost three-to-one.
The 1ac effaces the rich cultural history of the native peoples who once resided right here in Minneapolis – they were instantly deprived of all of their rights in what equated to a systematic and offensive genocide – we need to recognize that we are on STOLEN LAND
USA Attorneys, No Date http://immigration.usattorneys.com/minnesota/minneapolis-mn-immigration-facts
Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota, so naturally, there
AND
city in 1867; the year rail service began between Minneapolis and Chicago.
Their discussion of the embargo, of Cuba and of the debate space fails to ask the right question – their omission is the link to unending atrocity of epic proportions
Churchill 92 Ward, codirector of the Colorado chapter of the American Indian Movement and previous professor at the University of Colorado/Boulder. 1992. “Fantasies of the Master Race.” pg. 194-195

"We are resisting this," Means goes on, "because spirituality is the
AND
is the will and reason to live?' Both are horrible."

Thus we affirm impossible realism and give back the land. This is the first priority to the first Americans. Until we recognize that we are currently on stolen ground and dismantle the United States all together can we liberate native America from the grip of its imperial chokehold
Churchill 96 Ward, former professor of ethnic studies at university of colorado, boulder, “i am indigenist,” from a native son pgs 89-94
The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
realism.” Isn’t it time we all went to work on attaining it?

Material sacrifice is the only option – there is not third path – their stance is one of passive complicity – this is a forced choice that demands action
Churchill, 03 (Ward, on the Justice of Roosting chickens: Reflections on the Consequences of US Imperial Arrogance and Criminality, Professor of Ethnic Studies and Coordinator of American Indian Studies for the University of Colorado, pages 79-83). 

In light of the above, Americans are clearly faced with a choice. On
AND
be entitled to no more complaint than were id German counterparts before them.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Washington Technology DS | Judge: Dustin Meyers Levy
No offense – their internal links are devoid of merit – voting AFF is counterproductive
Schlag ’13 Pierre Schlag, “Facts (The),” his blog, 1/28/2013, http://brazenandtenured.com/2013/01/28/facts-the/
But let me explain about the facts. First, notice, that the most
AND
it’s because they’re not functioning as “just facts,” but something more.
Voting neg is the only choice– the 1ac can’t be validated because it is dedicated to effacing their own subject positions within the system of power
Salter 85.  M.G. Salter, lecturer in criminal law at the University of Birmingham, “The Rule of Power in the Language of Law,” The Liverpool Law Review Vol.VII(1) 1985 pg. 36
Through such codes of discipline language itself lays down the forms of discourse which are
AND
anonymous manner from interactions within the local situations in which they first appear.
Now if this is true, it has real consequences for the common sense of
AND
in meaning- determination - presents itself to be ultimately productive of truth.
Further we can see that all claims to a truthful critique - including those of
AND
rituals for determining their truth through an ever-proliferating discourse on law.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 4 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Evan Jones
The 1ac is just another reoccurrence with the fetish to shatter the silence—this aesthetic is flawed and will only retrench the domination they seek to shatter
Brown 5 (Wendy, Prof @ UC Berkeley, Edgework: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics, Freedom’s Silences, p. 83-97)
As freedom is both realized and negated by choice, so is silence con-
AND
but to instigate the further regulation of those lives while depoliticizing their conditions.
This form of upholding the perspective of the oppressed shares their secrets—this undermines the potential for resistance, turning the case
Hundleby 5 (Catherine, U of Windsor, The Epistemological Evaluation of Oppositional Secrets, Hypatia, 20(4), Fall 2005, p. 44-58)
I keep secrets. Even though I am told over and over by white feminists
AND
hidden understanding reduces in cases of extreme political vulnerability that morally require secrecy.
The 1ac views blackness as a public resistance against the system – that precludes understanding the true nature of subjectivity and forwards racism – in order to create a truly productive relationship to Blackness, we should affirm an Aesthetics of Quiet
Quashie 12 (Kevin Everod, Smith College, The Sovereignty of Quiet: Beyond Resistance in Black Culture, p. 3-9)
This book explores what a concept of quiet could mean to how we think about
AND
however, is not one of them. This book is about quiet.