Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: University Prep KD | Judge: Dustin Meyers-Levy

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase border infrastructure economic engagement towards Mexico.

Advantage 1 is relations

Relations declining – drugs and security

Reyes 4/29 – JD, member of the USA Today Board of Contributors (Raul, April, "Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations," http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB-http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB

Obama will arrive in Mexico with good and bad news.  On the positive side
AND
foreign policy with Mexico based on its potential, not on its problems.

The plan revitalizes US-Mexico relations - infrastructure is key, also Mexico will say yes, they have an economic agenda now
Selee and Wilson 12 – Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute ("A New Agenda with Mexico," Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf-http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf)

Summary The depth of economic ties with Mexico, together with declines in illegal immigration
AND
Dakota, New Hampshire, and Georgia, to name just a few.

Declining Mexican relations leads to Chinese expansionism in the Americas

Brzezinski 12 – former National Security Adviser (Zbigniew, "Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power", 2012, pp. 108-109)Beddow

A waning partnership between America and Mexico could precipitate regional and even international realignments.
AND
, by helping more overtly anti-American governments in their economic development.

Only strengthened US influence can preserve US influence

Dowd 4/19 – adjunct professor and lecturer at Butler University, researcher and administrator at leading think tanks, congressional aide (Alan W., "Monroe Doctrine Version 2.0", 4/19/13; http://legion.org/landingzone/214857/monroe-doctrine-version-20-http://legion.org/landingzone/214857/monroe-doctrine-version-20, JMP)
Much has been reported about Washington’s pivot into Asia and the Pacific. What’s not
AND

There is room for only one great power in the Western Hemisphere.

Unchecked Chinese Latin American influence causes Sino-American war

Hilton 13 – writer, Latin America editor for The Independent, editor of chinadialogue.net, contributor to NOREF Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Center, independent peacebuilding foundation (Isabel, "China in Latin America: Hegemonic challenge?" February 2013;  http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/26ff1a0cc3c0b6d5692c8afbc054aad9.pdf)//Beddow
There are warnings within the U.S. security community about the potential implications
AND
American allies of the U.S. could face some uncomfortable choices.

Additionally, Chinese influence in Latin America challenges and undermines US hegemony.

Nolte 13 – acting president of GIGA, director of GIGA Institute of Latin American Studies, and professor of political science at the University of Hamburg (Detlef, "The Dragon in the Backyard: US Visions of China’s Relations Toward Latin America", No. 5, 2013;  http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/gf_international_1305.pdf)//Beddow
As Gonzalo Paz (2012: 20) emphasizes, perceived challenges to hegemonic power
AND
their analysis of US policies (Nathan and Scobell 2012; Noesselt 2012).
US primacy prevents global conflict – diminishing power creates a vacuum that causes transition wars in multiple places
Brooks et al 13 (Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. "Don’t Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment", Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51,http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107)
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
AND
case would generate intensely competitive behavior, possibly including regional great power war). 

Advantage 2 is NAFTA

Trade from Mexico is set to skyrocket now
MD News (MyDesert News Service, a Gannett Company) February 10, 2013 "Mexico’s "Maquiladoras" are Back on the Comeback Trail" http://beschloss.blogs.mydesert.com/2013/02/10/mexicos-maquiladoras-are-back-on-the-comeback-trail/
"Maquiladoras," the term defining the Mexico-based, tariff-free manufacturing
AND
opened up additional markets for U.S. produced goods and services.

Lack of infrastructure results in trade deterioration – collapses the NAFTA agenda
Peters 9 – Enrique Dussel, professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ("Manufacturing Competitiveness: Toward a Regional Development Agenda," The Future of North American Trade Policy: Lessons from NAFTA, Pardee Center, November 2009, http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PardeeNAFTACh2PetersManufNov09.pdf)
One of the Mexican government’s goals in signing NAFTA was to expand its manufacturing sector
AND
little sustained attention to socioeconomic, infrastructure, and other regional development issues.

Lack of investment in transportation infrastructure kills NAFTA
Michael C. McClintock (Professor of Law, Gonzaga University School of Law) 2007 "NAFTA’S 13TH YEAR: STEADILY INCREASING TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CRISIS, BUILDING A "DRY CANAL" ACROSS SOUTHERN MEXICO, AND MORE" 14 Sw. J.L. 26 Trade Am. 25, Lexis
Transportation infrastructure is a significant portion of a nation’s wealth so long as efficient freight
AND
largest manufacturing area of northern Mexico along the U.S. border.

The plan ensures deep North American economic integration necessary for optimum NAFTA functioning
Blank, Golob and Stanley 6 – *Stephen, Pace University, Stephanie R., Baruch College, *Guy, McGill University ("Staying Alive: North American Competitiveness and the Challenge of Asia," Pace University Lubin School of Business, 10/1/06, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=107726amp;context=lubinfaculty_workingpapers)
The cumulative result of all this cross-border trade and investment has been,
AND
North American competitiveness, will be as much political will as economic muscle. 

NAFTA is a global model for trade agreements
Pastor 4 – Robert A., Robert A., Professor at and Founding Director of the Center for North American Studies at American University ("North America’s Second ` Decade," Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2004)
North America’s second decade poses a distinct challenge for each government. First, the
AND
continent; it will provide a model for other regions around the world.

Free trade solves all war- creates structural disincentives for inter- and intra- state war and deters terrorism

Griswold, 11 (Daniel Griswold, director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute, "Free Trade and the Global Middle Class," Hayek Society Journal Vol. 9, http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf)
Our more globalized world has also yielded a "peace dividend." It may not
AND
and less likely those gains will be destroyed by civil conflict and war.

Terrorism leads to great power warfare — only scenario for escalation

Ayson, 10 — Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies in New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects", Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July 2010, InformaWorld)
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
for the terrorists. This might not help the chances of nuclear restraint.

NAFTA is key to prevent protectionism – hemispheric integration and liberal institutional support

Agrasoy 4 - Bachelor of Arts degree in International Trade and a Bachelor of Science degree in Management Information Systems from Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey, where he specialized in international trade and investment, Master of Arts in Economics from McGill University in Montreal, ROI Research Analyst Director of Operations, Public Sector, overseeing worldwide public sector operations at ROI (Emre, "NAFTA: as a Means of an U.S. Hegemony Creation in the Region?" May 23 2004, http://emreagrasoy.awardspace.com/nafta.pdf)-http://emreagrasoy.awardspace.com/nafta.pdf) s
Although U.S. seemed the sole dominant power after the collapse of Soviet
AND
the world economy and politics it would be sufficient for U.S. 

Protectionism will cause global wars – causes extinction
Panzner 8 – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, "Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse," p. 136-138)
Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United
AND
between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.

Border inefficiencies cause a multiplier effect on the manufacturing sector
Lee and Wilson 12 ~Christopher Wilson, Associate at the Mexican Institute, Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, "Whole nations Waiting", Site Selection, July 2012, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm-http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm~~//PP
The quantity of U.S.-Mexico trade is impressive, but its quality
AND
customs requirements each time they cross the U.S.-Mexico border.

Economic relationship with Mexico is key to manufacturing and jobs
Wilson 11 ~Christopher Wilson, associate with the Mexico Institute, "Working Together: Economic ties between the United States and Mexico" Woodrow Wilson Center, November 2011, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Working20Together20Full20Document_0.pdf~~//PP
The integration of the United States and Mexican economies has transformed the nature of the
AND
with Mexico and roughly what this means in terms of job-creation.

Manufacturing industry is key to agricultural technology advances and precision farming
Lind and Freeman 12 (Michael Lind, policy director of New America’s Economic Growth Program and a co-founder of the New America Foundation, Joshua Freedman, program associate in New America’s Economic Growth Program, "Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future," New America Foundation, April 2012, http://growth.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Lind,20Michael20and20Freedman,20Joshua20-20NAF20-20Value20Added20America27s20Manufacturing20Future.pdf)
Advanced manufacturing is not limited to new, emerging sectors; even manufacturing tied to
AND
systems, a modern farm equipment brochure looks like a consumer electronics guide.

Two impacts —-
First —- agricultural technology advances solve extinction
Trewavas, 2k (Anthony, Professor at the Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh, "GM IS the Best Option We Have", http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html)
In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force
AND
accepting that technological advance may be the only buffer between us and annihilation.

Second —- efficient and precise farming solves extinction
Lugar 2k (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, "calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability," pg online @ http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html)
In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning
AND
in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet. 

Contention 3 Is Solvency

Federal leadership is key to effective policy – only way to capitalize on relations
Wilson Center 9 (7"THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO: Towards a Strategic Partnership," Woodrow Wilson Center Mexico Institute, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf)
The Obama administration and the incoming Congress have the opportunity to raise the level of
AND
infrastructure that can help overcome existing bottlenecks and stimulate development in border communities.

NAFTA is awesome for jobs –
A) statistical data
Lustig, 12 - PhD in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley, President of the Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Senior Advisor and Chief of the Poverty and Inequality Unit, Department of Social Programs and Sustainable Development at the Inter-American Development Bank Director of the 2000/2001 World Development Report (Nora C., "NAFTA: Setting the Record Straight" 2012 Updated, http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ455/lapan/Readings/NAFTA,20Setting20the20Record20Straight.pdf)
Has NAFTA failed? The short answer is no. Though it will take many
AND
recovery because of its impact on export performance and foreign direct investment flows.
And economists flip aff
Teslik, 9 - bachelor’s degree from Harvard University and an MBA from INSEAD, senior editor and commodities analyst at Roubini Global Economics, associate editor of economics for the Council on Foreign Relations, (Lee Hudson, "NAFTA’s Economic Impact", July 7, 2009 http://www.cfr.org/economics/naftas-economic-impact/p15790~~23p3)-http://www.cfr.org/economics/naftas-economic-impact/p15790
Measuring the impact of a specific trade deal on a country’s labor market is not
AND
wouldn’t be substantially altered by U.S. policy shifts toward NAFTA.

B) Rich-poor gap and infrastructure
Pastor 4 – Robert A., Robert A., Professor at and Founding Director of the Center for North American Studies at American University ("North America’s Second Decade," Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2004)
A FIRST DRAFT The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect
AND
result, the fallout from September 11 threatens to cripple North American integration.

C) Wages
Matthews 12 – Washington post (Dylan, "Study: NAFTA raised pay here and abroad" November 12, 2012 http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/11/12/study-nafta-raised-pay-here-and-abroad/-http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/11/12/study-nafta-raised-pay-here-and-abroad/)   
Economists Lorenzo Caliendo of Yale and Fernando Parro of the Federal Reserve built a trade
AND
the Obama administration to eliminate barriers that harm export industries in poor countries.

Standards check environmental degradation along the border
Lustig, 12 - PhD in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley, President of the Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Senior Advisor and Chief of the Poverty and Inequality Unit, Department of Social Programs and Sustainable Development at the Inter-American Development Bank Director of the 2000/2001 World Development Report (Nora C., "NAFTA: Setting the Record Straight" 2012 Updated, http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ455/lapan/Readings/NAFTA,20Setting20the20Record20Straight.pdf-http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ455/lapan/Readings/NAFTA, Setting the Record Straight.pdf)
Labor and Environment To respond to U.S. congressional interest in incorporating labor
AND
projects to include housing, education, and poverty reduction projects more generally. 

Free trade solves the environment—it increases demand for environmental regulations and allows for new tech
Hassoun, 9 (Nicole Hassoun, affiliated with Carnegie Mellon’s Program on International Relations and the Center for Bioethics and Health Law at the University of Pittsburgh, Spring 2009 "Free Trade and the Environment", http://www.hss.cmu.edu/philosophy/hassoun/papers/Paper_free20trade20and20the20environment20final.pdf)
III. The Environmentalists ’ Case Against Free Trade Environmentalists often argue that free trade
AND
"Race to the Bottom Argument" is not decisive on its own.

Extinction

Jayawardena, 9 — London South Bank University (Asitha, "We Are a Threat to All Life on Earth", Indicator, 7/17/2009, http://www.indicator.org.uk/?p=55)
Sloep and Van Dam-Mieras (1995) explain in detail why the natural
AND
’respecting ecological limits, …. expecting surprises and adapting to these.’ 

Mexican investment in construction non-uniques disads
Conan 13(Rebecca Conan, Business News Americas, "Mexico’s govt to invest US2423.1bn in infrastructure projects by year-end" June 21, 2013 http://www.bnamericas.com/content_syndication/extranet2/story.xsql?id_source=26id_noticia=62021126id_sector=526Tx_idioma=I26id=987770, RLA)

The Mexican government will invest 310bn pesos (US2423.1bn) in
AND
expected to reach 280mn pesos each day throughout July, said the minister. 

Certainty key – without it, border delays and investment decline are inevitable
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 11 ("Steps to a 21st Century U.S.-Mexico Border"
http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/reports/2011_us_mexico_report.pdf )

Businesses rely on just-in-time inventory management and depend on predictability and
AND
face regulators in reforming policy; however, more needs to be done.

Plan leads to coordination with Mexico – spills over
Figueroa et. al, 11 – Alejandro, Research and Policy Analyst, NACTS, with Erik Lee, Associate Director, NACTS, Rick Van Schoik, Director, NACTS ("Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico," North American Center for Transborder Studies at ASU, 12/9/11, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf)
Executive Summary The United States urgently needs a sustained national conversation regarding how to realize
AND
jobs, imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border.
Infrastructure investment in the region is key to the North American trade
Sands, 10 - Senior Fellow at The Hudson Institute (Christopher E., "If You Don’t Plan, Plan to Fail," Center for Strategic and International Studies, 6/18/2010, http://csis.org/blog/if-you-dont-plan-plan-fail)//AR
It is not a surprise that Canadians and Mexicans are concerned about North American transportation
AND
products, but Chinese consumers do not buy much from the United States.

The border is a UQ place of economic growth- manufacturing, infrastructure, and tourism prove
Lee and Wilson, 12
(Erik, Associate Director at the North American Center for Trans-border Studies at ASU, and Christopher E., Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "The State of Trade, Competitiveness, and Economic Well-being in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region," June 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/State_of_Border_Trade_Economy_0.pdf, AC)
Commerce between the United States and Mexico is one of the great yet highly ¶
AND
—¶ will experience added stress (see Figure 2 on the next page).
/

The threat increases dramatically with the nesting ¶ of criminal/terrorist groups within governments
AND
shipping lanes and areas of vital commercial importance ¶ for the United States.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sioux Falls Lincoln RW | Judge: Tom Pacheco
same as nomal blake aff

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mukwanago LK | Judge: Melissa Hass

Advantage 1 is relations

Relations declining – drugs and security – engagement key

Reyes 4/29 – JD, member of the USA Today Board of Contributors (Raul, April, "Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations," http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB-http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB

Obama will arrive in Mexico with good and bad news.  On the positive side
AND
foreign policy with Mexico based on its potential, not on its problems.

The plan revitalizes US-Mexico relations - infrastructure is key, also Mexico will say yes, they have an economic agenda now
Selee and Wilson 12 – Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute ("A New Agenda with Mexico," Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf-http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf)

Summary The depth of economic ties with Mexico, together with declines in illegal immigration
AND
Dakota, New Hampshire, and Georgia, to name just a few.

Declining Mexican relations leads to Chinese expansionism in the Americas

Brzezinski 12 – former National Security Adviser (Zbigniew, "Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power", 2012, pp. 108-109)Beddow

A waning partnership between America and Mexico could precipitate regional and even international realignments.
AND
, by helping more overtly anti-American governments in their economic development.

Only strengthened US influence can prevent Chinese expansionism

Dowd 4/19 – adjunct professor and lecturer at Butler University, researcher and administrator at leading think tanks, congressional aide (Alan W., "Monroe Doctrine Version 2.0", 4/19/13; http://legion.org/landingzone/214857/monroe-doctrine-version-20-http://legion.org/landingzone/214857/monroe-doctrine-version-20, JMP)
Much has been reported about Washington’s pivot into Asia and the Pacific. What’s not
AND

There is room for only one great power in the Western Hemisphere.

Unchecked Chinese Latin American influence causes Sino-American war

Hilton 13 – writer, Latin America editor for The Independent, editor of chinadialogue.net, contributor to NOREF Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Center, independent peacebuilding foundation (Isabel, "China in Latin America: Hegemonic challenge?" February 2013;  http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/26ff1a0cc3c0b6d5692c8afbc054aad9.pdf)//Beddow
There are warnings within the U.S. security community about the potential implications
AND
American allies of the U.S. could face some uncomfortable choices.

Additionally, Chinese influence in Latin America challenges and undermines US hegemony.

Nolte 13 – acting president of GIGA, director of GIGA Institute of Latin American Studies, and professor of political science at the University of Hamburg (Detlef, "The Dragon in the Backyard: US Visions of China’s Relations Toward Latin America", No. 5, 2013;  http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/gf_international_1305.pdf)//Beddow
As Gonzalo Paz (2012: 20) emphasizes, perceived challenges to hegemonic power
AND
their analysis of US policies (Nathan and Scobell 2012; Noesselt 2012).
US primacy prevents global conflict – diminishing power creates a vacuum that causes transition wars in multiple places
Brooks et al 13 (Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. "Don’t Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment", Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51,http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107)
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
AND
case would generate intensely competitive behavior, possibly including regional great power war). 

CBP
Status quo fails- insufficient staff and management to provide for programs
Kelley 13 (Colleen M. Kelley is the leader of the National Treasury Employees Union "The Impact of Sequestration on Homeland Security: Scare Tactics or Possible Threat?", 04/12/2013)
http://www.nteu.org/UnionOffice/LegislativeIssues/CongressionalTestimony/Testimony.aspx?ID=215
The sequester only exacerbates CBP’s ongoing staffing shortage problem. In 2008, the Government
AND
the U.S. air, sea and land ports of entry.

Boarder infrastructure is key to CBA inspections and operations

GAO 13( United States Government Accountability Office  "U.S.-MEXICO BORDER CBP Action Needed to Improve Wait Time Data and Measure Outcomes of Trade Facilitation Efforts", JULY 2013
http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/656140.pdf)

CBP analyses and port officials identified needs for additional ¶ infrastructure—such as more
AND
as those identified by CBP port officials ¶ at the six crossings we visited

CBP key to prevent terrorism
McAleenan 12 (Kevin McAleenan "Written testimony of U.S. Customs and Border Protection Office of Field Operations Assistant Commission Kevin McAleenan for a House Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security hearing titled "Eleven Years Later: Preventing Terrorists from Coming to America."", September 11, 2012
http://www.dhs.gov/news/2012/09/11/written-testimony-us-customs-and-border-protection-house-homeland-security)

As the unified border security agency of the United States, CBP is responsible for
AND
the private sector by preventing inadmissible travelers from traveling to the United States.

The impact is an attack on US soil
McCaul 12 – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor
(Michael, "A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE  SOUTHWEST BORDER," UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)BB
Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional
AND
assembled on U.S. soil into a weapon of mass destruction.
Nuclear war
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
(Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Warming
Warming’s real and anthropogenic – future predictive, statistics, and this assumes your indicts
Muller, 7/28/12 – professor of physics, University of California – Berkeley, former MacArthur Foundation Fellow (Richard A., July 28, 2012, "The Conversion of a Climate-Change Skeptic," The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/opinion/the-conversion-of-a-climate-change-skeptic.html?pagewanted=226_r=1)
CALL me a converted skeptic. Three years ago I identified problems in previous climate
AND
), then that same warming could take place in less than 20 years.
Warming is reversible but the brink is now
Lemonick 12- Climate Central ~Michael D. Lemonick, senior staff writer at Climate Central, a non-profit climate reporting service, and a former senior science writer at Time magazine, 12/21/12, "It’s Not Too Late to Limit Global Temperatures - But Almost," http://www.climatecentral.org/news/its-not-too-late-to-limit-global-temperatures-but-almost-15397, accessed 12/23/12, JTF~

For a couple of years now, climate scientists have agreed that to avoid the
AND
of carbon from power-plant smokestacks before it can enter the atmosphere.

Warming and CO2 causes extinction with positive feedbacks — no risk of turns
Leslie 10 (John Leslie a Canadian philosopher. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, earning his B.A. in English Literature in 1962 and his M.Litt. in Classics in 1968. He is currently Professor emeritus at the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada. "The Risk that Humans Will Soon Be Extinct" Philosophy Volume 85 / Issue 04 / October 2010, pp 447 ¬ 463) Cambridge Journals

Look next at the possibility of utterly disastrous climate change, a¶ greenhouse-
AND
greenhouse runaway occurs. For advanced¶ life forms, Earth becomes uninhabitable.

Methane leads to extinction
Guardian 10 ( Guardian News "Did Deepwater methane hydrates cause the BP Gulf explosion?"
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/may/20/deepwater-methane-hydrates-bp-gulf-http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/may/20/deepwater-methane-hydrates-bp-gulf, Thursday 20 May 2010)
The vast deepwater methane hydrate deposits of the Gulf of Mexico are an open secret
AND
crumpled by a force of nature scientists are still just getting to know.

And solves
Border infrastructure solves – spills over to renewables
Wood 12 (Duncan Wood Department of International Affairs, "Re-Energizing The Border: Renewable  Energy, Green Jobs and Border Infrastructure", Department of International Affairs, May 2012
http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/RE_Energizing_Border_Wood.pdf

Lastly, we should point to the significant infrastructure investments that often accompany renewable energy
AND
an issue that should be taken up by public and private actors alike.

Plan

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its border infrastructure economic engagement towards Mexico.

Solvency

Federal leadership is key to effective policy – only way to capitalize on relations
Wilson Center 9 (7"THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO: Towards a Strategic Partnership," Woodrow Wilson Center Mexico Institute, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf)
The Obama administration and the incoming Congress have the opportunity to raise the level of
AND
infrastructure that can help overcome existing bottlenecks and stimulate development in border communities.

Standards check environmental degradation along the border
Lustig, 12 - PhD in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley, President of the Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Senior Advisor and Chief of the Poverty and Inequality Unit, Department of Social Programs and Sustainable Development at the Inter-American Development Bank Director of the 2000/2001 World Development Report (Nora C., "NAFTA: Setting the Record Straight" 2012 Updated, http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ455/lapan/Readings/NAFTA,20Setting20the20Record20Straight.pdf-http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ455/lapan/Readings/NAFTA, Setting the Record Straight.pdf)
Labor and Environment To respond to U.S. congressional interest in incorporating labor
AND
projects to include housing, education, and poverty reduction projects more generally. 

Mexican investment in construction non-uniques disads
Conan 13(Rebecca Conan, Business News Americas, "Mexico’s govt to invest US2423.1bn in infrastructure projects by year-end" June 21, 2013 http://www.bnamericas.com/content_syndication/extranet2/story.xsql?id_source=26id_noticia=62021126id_sector=526Tx_idioma=I26id=987770, RLA)

The Mexican government will invest 310bn pesos (US2423.1bn) in
AND
expected to reach 280mn pesos each day throughout July, said the minister. 

Certainty key – without it, border delays and investment decline are inevitable
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 11 ("Steps to a 21st Century U.S.-Mexico Border"
http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/reports/2011_us_mexico_report.pdf )

Businesses rely on just-in-time inventory management and depend on predictability and
AND
face regulators in reforming policy; however, more needs to be done.

Plan leads to coordination with Mexico – spills over
Figueroa et. al, 11 – Alejandro, Research and Policy Analyst, NACTS, with Erik Lee, Associate Director, NACTS, Rick Van Schoik, Director, NACTS ("Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico," North American Center for Transborder Studies at ASU, 12/9/11, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf)
Executive Summary The United States urgently needs a sustained national conversation regarding how to realize
AND
jobs, imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border. 

Renewables solve quickly – outside expertise is key
Carus 13 - UK journalist, regularly reporting on clean energy policy and finance from California for a global audience
(Felicity, "Mexico offers tantalising prospect of a dawning major market," http://www.pv-tech.org/editors_blog/mexico_offers_tantalising_prospect_of_a_dawning_major_market)//BB
Solar investors in the US and further afield would really love to get their hands
AND
play much faster than the installation of potential gas pipelines," said Hanhausen.

Mexico key to solve climate change – Cancun Agreements prove
Villar ’12 (Marina Guajardo Villar, June 2012 "How is Mexico implementing its soft power by means of
its public diplomacy to influence its international image?" Master Thesis, Clingendael, Netherlands Institute of International Relations, the paper  extensively consulted the work of
Joseph Nye, Nicholas Cull, Jan Melissen and Simon Anholt https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/19412/MarinaGuajardo_MasterThesis_FINAL.pdf?sequence=1,JG)
COP16/CMP6 refers to the 16th edition of Conference of the Parties of the
AND
change" (Yvo de Boer, former head of UN climate change).

Development alleviates poverty and inequality
Worstall 12 (Tim, Fellow at the Adam Smith Institute, "So What is this Neoliberal Globalisation Free Trade Thing About Anyway?", 3/1/12, www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/03/01/so-what-is-this-neoliberal-globalisation-free-trade-thing-about-anyway/ slim_)

It’s easy enough to find people with opinions, strong opinions, on what this
AND
the poor rich we should expand economic freedom and trade more with them.

Human extinction destroys the value to life. We have a moral obligation to preserve the Earth

BOSTROM 2011 (Nick, Prof. of Philosophy at Oxford, The Concept of Existential Risk (Draft), http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html)
We have thus far considered existential risk from the perspective of utilitarianism (combined with
AND
or hubris, we allowed it to come to irreparable harm).~25~
Criticisms of economic engagement as a monolithic political force are incorrect and dangerous
Barnett, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Open University 10 (Clive, "PUBLICS AND MARKETS  What’s wrong with Neoliberalism?", The Handbook of Social Geography, 2010, http://www.open.ac.uk/socialsciences/emergentpublics/publications/barnett_publicsandmarkets.pdf-http://www.open.ac.uk/socialsciences/emergentpublics/publications/barnett_publicsandmarkets.pdf)//AS
Neoliberalism has become a key object of analysis in human geography in the last  decade
AND
there is something wrong with how neoliberalism is  theorized in critical human geography.

The threat increases dramatically with the nesting ¶ of criminal/terrorist groups within governments
AND
shipping lanes and areas of vital commercial importance ¶ for the United States.

Tournament: Evaston | Round: 1 | Opponent: Gbs LP | Judge: Erik Baker
Same as blake

Tournament: MSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Petoskey am | Judge: Marc Jacome

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its border infrastructure economic engagement towards Mexico.

Advantage 1 is relations

Relations declining – drugs and security – engagement key

Reyes 4/29 – JD, member of the USA Today Board of Contributors (Raul, April, "Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations," http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB-http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB

Obama will arrive in Mexico with good and bad news.  On the positive side
AND
foreign policy with Mexico based on its potential, not on its problems.

The plan revitalizes US-Mexico relations - infrastructure is key, also Mexico will say yes, they have an economic agenda now
Selee and Wilson 12 – Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute ("A New Agenda with Mexico," Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf-http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf)

Summary The depth of economic ties with Mexico, together with declines in illegal immigration
AND
Dakota, New Hampshire, and Georgia, to name just a few.

Declining Mexican relations leads to Chinese expansionism in the Americas

Brzezinski 12 – former National Security Adviser (Zbigniew, "Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power", 2012, pp. 108-109)Beddow

A waning partnership between America and Mexico could precipitate regional and even international realignments.
AND
, by helping more overtly anti-American governments in their economic development.

Only strengthened US influence can prevent Chinese expansionism

Dowd 4/19 – adjunct professor and lecturer at Butler University, researcher and administrator at leading think tanks, congressional aide (Alan W., "Monroe Doctrine Version 2.0", 4/19/13; http://legion.org/landingzone/214857/monroe-doctrine-version-20-http://legion.org/landingzone/214857/monroe-doctrine-version-20, JMP)
Much has been reported about Washington’s pivot into Asia and the Pacific. What’s not
AND

There is room for only one great power in the Western Hemisphere.

Unchecked Chinese Latin American influence causes Sino-American war

Hilton 13 – writer, Latin America editor for The Independent, editor of chinadialogue.net, contributor to NOREF Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Center, independent peacebuilding foundation (Isabel, "China in Latin America: Hegemonic challenge?" February 2013;  http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/26ff1a0cc3c0b6d5692c8afbc054aad9.pdf)//Beddow
There are warnings within the U.S. security community about the potential implications
AND
American allies of the U.S. could face some uncomfortable choices.

Additionally, Chinese influence in Latin America challenges and undermines US hegemony.

Nolte 13 – acting president of GIGA, director of GIGA Institute of Latin American Studies, and professor of political science at the University of Hamburg (Detlef, "The Dragon in the Backyard: US Visions of China’s Relations Toward Latin America", No. 5, 2013;  http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/gf_international_1305.pdf)//Beddow
As Gonzalo Paz (2012: 20) emphasizes, perceived challenges to hegemonic power
AND
their analysis of US policies (Nathan and Scobell 2012; Noesselt 2012).
US primacy prevents global conflict – diminishing power creates a vacuum that causes transition wars in multiple places
Brooks et al 13 (Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. "Don’t Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment", Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51,http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107)
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
AND
case would generate intensely competitive behavior, possibly including regional great power war). 

CBP
Status quo fails- insufficient staff and management to provide for programs
Kelley 13 (Colleen M. Kelley is the leader of the National Treasury Employees Union "The Impact of Sequestration on Homeland Security: Scare Tactics or Possible Threat?", 04/12/2013)
http://www.nteu.org/UnionOffice/LegislativeIssues/CongressionalTestimony/Testimony.aspx?ID=215
The sequester only exacerbates CBP’s ongoing staffing shortage problem. In 2008, the Government
AND
the U.S. air, sea and land ports of entry.

Boarder infrastructure is key to CBA inspections and operations

GAO 13( United States Government Accountability Office  "U.S.-MEXICO BORDER CBP Action Needed to Improve Wait Time Data and Measure Outcomes of Trade Facilitation Efforts", JULY 2013
http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/656140.pdf)

CBP analyses and port officials identified needs for additional ¶ infrastructure—such as more
AND
as those identified by CBP port officials ¶ at the six crossings we visited

CBP key to prevent terrorism
McAleenan 12 (Kevin McAleenan "Written testimony of U.S. Customs and Border Protection Office of Field Operations Assistant Commission Kevin McAleenan for a House Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security hearing titled "Eleven Years Later: Preventing Terrorists from Coming to America."", September 11, 2012
http://www.dhs.gov/news/2012/09/11/written-testimony-us-customs-and-border-protection-house-homeland-security)

As the unified border security agency of the United States, CBP is responsible for
AND
the private sector by preventing inadmissible travelers from traveling to the United States.

The impact is an attack on US soil
McCaul 12 – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor
(Michael, "A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE  SOUTHWEST BORDER," UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)BB
Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional
AND
assembled on U.S. soil into a weapon of mass destruction.
Nuclear war
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
(Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Warming
Warming’s real and anthropogenic – future predictive, statistics, and this assumes your indicts
Muller, 7/28/12 – professor of physics, University of California – Berkeley, former MacArthur Foundation Fellow (Richard A., July 28, 2012, "The Conversion of a Climate-Change Skeptic," The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/opinion/the-conversion-of-a-climate-change-skeptic.html?pagewanted=226_r=1)
CALL me a converted skeptic. Three years ago I identified problems in previous climate
AND
), then that same warming could take place in less than 20 years.
Warming is reversible but the brink is now
Lemonick 12- Climate Central ~Michael D. Lemonick, senior staff writer at Climate Central, a non-profit climate reporting service, and a former senior science writer at Time magazine, 12/21/12, "It’s Not Too Late to Limit Global Temperatures - But Almost," http://www.climatecentral.org/news/its-not-too-late-to-limit-global-temperatures-but-almost-15397, accessed 12/23/12, JTF~

For a couple of years now, climate scientists have agreed that to avoid the
AND
of carbon from power-plant smokestacks before it can enter the atmosphere.

Warming and CO2 causes extinction with positive feedbacks — no risk of turns
Leslie 10 (John Leslie a Canadian philosopher. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, earning his B.A. in English Literature in 1962 and his M.Litt. in Classics in 1968. He is currently Professor emeritus at the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada. "The Risk that Humans Will Soon Be Extinct" Philosophy Volume 85 / Issue 04 / October 2010, pp 447 ¬ 463) Cambridge Journals

Look next at the possibility of utterly disastrous climate change, a¶ greenhouse-
AND
greenhouse runaway occurs. For advanced¶ life forms, Earth becomes uninhabitable.

Methane leads to extinction
Guardian 10 ( Guardian News "Did Deepwater methane hydrates cause the BP Gulf explosion?"
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/may/20/deepwater-methane-hydrates-bp-gulf-http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/may/20/deepwater-methane-hydrates-bp-gulf, Thursday 20 May 2010)
The vast deepwater methane hydrate deposits of the Gulf of Mexico are an open secret
AND
crumpled by a force of nature scientists are still just getting to know.

And solves
Border infrastructure solves – spills over to renewables
Wood 12 (Duncan Wood Department of International Affairs, "Re-Energizing The Border: Renewable  Energy, Green Jobs and Border Infrastructure", Department of International Affairs, May 2012
http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/RE_Energizing_Border_Wood.pdf

Lastly, we should point to the significant infrastructure investments that often accompany renewable energy
AND
an issue that should be taken up by public and private actors alike.

Diplomacy
Villar ’12 (Marina Guajardo Villar, June 2012 "How is Mexico implementing its soft power by means of
its public diplomacy to influence its international image?" Master Thesis, Clingendael, Netherlands Institute of International Relations, the paper  extensively consulted the work of Joseph Nye, Nicholas Cull, Jan Melissen and Simon Anholt https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/19412/MarinaGuajardo_MasterThesis_FINAF.pdf?sequence=1,JG)

COP16/CMP6 refers to the 16th edition of Conference of the Parties of the
AND
change" (Yvo de Boer, former head of UN climate change).

Solvency

Federal leadership is key to effective policy – only way to capitalize on relations
Wilson Center 9 (7"THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO: Towards a Strategic Partnership," Woodrow Wilson Center Mexico Institute, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf)
The Obama administration and the incoming Congress have the opportunity to raise the level of
AND
infrastructure that can help overcome existing bottlenecks and stimulate development in border communities.

Standards check environmental degradation along the border
Lustig, 12 - PhD in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley, President of the Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Senior Advisor and Chief of the Poverty and Inequality Unit, Department of Social Programs and Sustainable Development at the Inter-American Development Bank Director of the 2000/2001 World Development Report (Nora C., "NAFTA: Setting the Record Straight" 2012 Updated, http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ455/lapan/Readings/NAFTA,20Setting20the20Record20Straight.pdf-http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ455/lapan/Readings/NAFTA, Setting the Record Straight.pdf)
Labor and Environment To respond to U.S. congressional interest in incorporating labor
AND
projects to include housing, education, and poverty reduction projects more generally. 

Mexican investment in construction non-uniques disads
Conan 13(Rebecca Conan, Business News Americas, "Mexico’s govt to invest US2423.1bn in infrastructure projects by year-end" June 21, 2013 http://www.bnamericas.com/content_syndication/extranet2/story.xsql?id_source=26id_noticia=62021126id_sector=526Tx_idioma=I26id=987770, RLA)

The Mexican government will invest 310bn pesos (US2423.1bn) in
AND
expected to reach 280mn pesos each day throughout July, said the minister. 

Certainty key – without it, border delays and investment decline are inevitable
U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 11 ("Steps to a 21st Century U.S.-Mexico Border"
http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/reports/2011_us_mexico_report.pdf )

Businesses rely on just-in-time inventory management and depend on predictability and
AND
face regulators in reforming policy; however, more needs to be done.

Plan leads to coordination with Mexico – spills over
Figueroa et. al, 11 – Alejandro, Research and Policy Analyst, NACTS, with Erik Lee, Associate Director, NACTS, Rick Van Schoik, Director, NACTS ("Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico," North American Center for Transborder Studies at ASU, 12/9/11, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf)
Executive Summary The United States urgently needs a sustained national conversation regarding how to realize
AND
jobs, imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border. 

Renewables solve quickly – outside expertise is key
Carus 13 - UK journalist, regularly reporting on clean energy policy and finance from California for a global audience
(Felicity, "Mexico offers tantalising prospect of a dawning major market," http://www.pv-tech.org/editors_blog/mexico_offers_tantalising_prospect_of_a_dawning_major_market)//BB
Solar investors in the US and further afield would really love to get their hands
AND
play much faster than the installation of potential gas pipelines," said Hanhausen.

Mexico key to solve climate change – Cancun Agreements prove
Villar ’12 (Marina Guajardo Villar, June 2012 "How is Mexico implementing its soft power by means of
its public diplomacy to influence its international image?" Master Thesis, Clingendael, Netherlands Institute of International Relations, the paper  extensively consulted the work of
Joseph Nye, Nicholas Cull, Jan Melissen and Simon Anholt https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/19412/MarinaGuajardo_MasterThesis_FINAL.pdf?sequence=1,JG)
COP16/CMP6 refers to the 16th edition of Conference of the Parties of the
AND
change" (Yvo de Boer, former head of UN climate change).

The threat increases dramatically with the nesting ¶ of criminal/terrorist groups within governments
AND
shipping lanes and areas of vital commercial importance ¶ for the United States.

Tournament: MSU | Round: Octas | Opponent: East Kentwood BH | Judge: Jonass Placitis, David Zin, Evan
Same as everything else for this tourney.

Tournament: Contact info | Round: 1 | Opponent: none | Judge: none
Any questions, complaints, cite requests, etc: jason2898levin@gmail.com