Tournament: Caucus | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Text: The United States Federal Government should invest in and implement solar geoengineering in the efforts to offset global warming

Solar Geoengineering Solves Warming – Does not link to Geoengineering bad offense
Phys.Org 12- Phys.Org, got the article from the journal Nature Climate Change and from  Harvard University, October 2012, accessed at http://phys.org/news/2012-10-solar-geoengineering-tailored-inequality-specific.html
Solar geoengineering, the goal of which is to offset the global warming caused by
AND
bit more confidence and a great ability to test it and control it." 

Text: The United States Federal Government should invest in and implement solar geoengineering in the efforts to offset global warming

Solar Geoengineering Solves Warming – Does not link to Geoengineering bad offense
Phys.Org 12- Phys.Org, got the article from the journal Nature Climate Change and from  Harvard University, October 2012, accessed at http://phys.org/news/2012-10-solar-geoengineering-tailored-inequality-specific.html
Solar geoengineering, the goal of which is to offset the global warming caused by
AND
bit more confidence and a great ability to test it and control it."

Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC

Text: The United States federal government should alter the existing oil spill compensation policy, amend OPA 90 to ensure there is a responsible party for oil spills from a foreign offshore unit that pollutes U.S. waters, eliminate the requirement for the Coast Guard to obtain congressional approval on expenditures about 150 million for spills of national significance, and appoint a commission to determine the appropriate limit of liability cap under OPA 90

The counterplan solves

Bert et al 12 – Melissa Bert is a military fellow (U.S. Coast Guard) at the Council on Foreign Relations.¶ Blake Clayton is fellow for energy and national security at the Council on Foreign Relations, ("Addressing the Risk of a Cuban Oil Spill",  march 2012, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/addressing-risk-cuban-oil-spill/p27515)
Finally, Congress should alter existing oil spill compensation policy. Lawmakers should amend OPA
AND
need to compensate victims with the desire to retain strict liability for polluters.

Text: The United States Department of Energy should install an early-response system based on acoustic, geophysical, and other technologies in the Straits of Florida, and find out from Repsol about the characteristics of Cuban crude oil.

The counterplan solve for Cuban oil spills

Bert et al 12 – Melissa Bert is a military fellow (U.S. Coast Guard) at the Council on Foreign Relations.¶ Blake Clayton is fellow for energy and national security at the Council on Foreign Relations, ("Addressing the Risk of a Cuban Oil Spill",  march 2012, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/addressing-risk-cuban-oil-spill/p27515)
There are two other, less essential measures U.S. lawmakers may consider
AND
predict how the oil would spread in the case of a well blowout.

Text: The United States federal government should return Guantanamo Bay to Cuban sovereignty and control.

Giving Guantanamo bay back solves relations and credibility

Sweig 9 -Julia E. Sweig, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, is the author of "Inside the Cuban Revolution" and the forthcoming "Cuba: What Everyone Needs to Know." CFR research associate Michael Bustamante contributed to this article, ("Don’t just close Gitmo. Give it Back", May 3, 2009, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/dont-just-close-gitmo-give-back/p19289)
These initiatives defy the argument that the United States should cling to the base—
AND
- and gauge the regime’s willingness to move the ball forward even more.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Text – United States federal government should lift the moratorium on oil and natural gas drilling in the Outer Continental Shelf’s Alaska region and offer to jointly drill in the Alaska region with Petróleos Mexicanos.

Solves energy independence and the US economy – Arctic has enough energy resources
Cunningham, Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate at the American Security Project, 2012 (Nicholas, August, "Offshore Oil Drilling in the Arctic" http://americansecurityproject.org/ASP20Reports/Ref20007620-20Offshore20Oil20Drilling20in20the20Arctic.pdf)
The Arctic region represents the next frontier for oil and gas development. The U
AND
total technically recoverable reserves on the U.S. outer continental shelf.

PEMEX has set up a new partner company for exactly this purpose – solves expertise and tech-sharing
De Cordoba and Iliff, Wall Street Journal, 8-18-’13 (Jose and Lawrence, "Mexico’s Pemex Looks to Tap U.S. Shale" http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323608504579020791384328888.html)
Petroleos Mexicanos, Mexico’s state oil monopoly, will set up a new company to
AND
the world to modernize its energy sector has its advantages," he said.

Gulf drilling undermines naval readiness – prevents effective training
Weiss, Senior Fellow Center for American Progress, 2012 (Daniel, September 13, "The American Energy Initiatives" Congressional Documents and Publications, lexis)
There have been recent proposals to open areas off the Atlantic coast for oil and
AND
and administrative policies" according to recent analysis by the Congressional Budget Office. 

Collapse of naval readiness ensures Chinese aggression and triggers wars in every major hotspot
Eaglen, Research Fellow National Security at Heritage, 2011 (Mackenzie, May 16, "Thinking About a Day Without Sea Power: Implications for U.S. Defense Policy" http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/05/thinking-about-a-day-without-sea-power-implications-for-us-defense-policy)
Global Implications. Under a scenario of dramatically reduced naval power, the United States
AND
American people, and these benefits far outweigh the costs of maintaining it.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
The aff is a façade —- a pseudo-sign image of real progress —- this narcissistic reinforcement of power turns the case
Williams 2k (Christopher R. Williams, PhD, forensic psychology, professor and
AND
, No. 3, August 2000, pgs. 321-343)
The impediments to establishing democratic justice in contemporary American society have caused a national paralysis
AND
-sign image (a hypertext or simulation) of real sociopolitical progress.

Their demand for the ballot is trapped in a web of scheming —- this poisons their call for change
McGowan 09 (Todd McGowan, Associate Professor, film theory, University of Vermont, PhD, Ohio State University, studies the intersection of Hegel, psychoanalysis, and existentialism and cinema, "The Exceptional Darkness of The Dark Knight," Jump Cut, No. 51, Spring 2009, http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc51.2009/darkKnightKant/text.html)
According to Kant, when we emerge as subjects, we do so as beings
AND
basis in freedom. Scheming enslaves one to the object of one’s scheme.

The alternative is to vote negative because the 1AC’s ethics are right —- to be the Dark Knight —- this is the only option for true heroism and substantive change
McGowan 09 (Todd McGowan, Associate Professor, film theory, University of Vermont, PhD, Ohio State University, studies the intersection of Hegel, psychoanalysis, and existentialism and cinema, "The Exceptional Darkness of The Dark Knight," Jump Cut, No. 51, Spring 2009, http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc51.2009/darkKnightKant/text.html)
Just as The Dark Knight illustrates the inextricable relation between heroism and evil, it
AND
public, true heroes must identify themselves with the evil that we fight.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
It’s predictable – Delay is a common political move
Light, Professor of Political Science, The President’s Agenda  1999 pg. 25

Tournament: 1NC | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
A budget deal will pass now but patience and focus is thinning – every day is key to crafting a bill that can be voted on before Christmas break – the plan saps Congressional focus and results in billions of Pentagon budget cuts
Wasson 12/3/13 – writer for The Hill (Erik, “Budget panel blows first deadline”,
http://thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/budget/191845-budget-panel-blows-first-deadline-of-pivotal-week)
That decimates military preparedness – recent budget cuts make the impact uniquely likely
Alexander 10/24/13 – writer for Reuters (David, “Automatic budget cuts could hit Pentagon harder this year”, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/25/us-usa-defense-spending-idUSBRE99O01B20131025
Military readiness solves global nuclear war
Felzenberg, 11 (Alvin S., Lecturer – University of Pennsylvania and Yale University and Alexander B. Gray, Ph.D. Candidate in International Affairs – George Washington University, “The New Isolationism”, The National Review, 1-3, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/256150/new-isolationism-alvin-s-felzenberg

Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Here’s our solvency advocate – Canada should engage Mexico over energy development
Jeffs 12 -  President of the Canadian International Council, previous Deputy Executive Director of the Centre for International Governance Innovation, the Founding Director of the Centre de Estudios y Programas Interamericanos, professor in Department of International Studies at ITAM, executive at Council of the Americas, editorial board of Foreign Affairs, Director of Centro de Estudios y Programas Interamericanos, Director of the Canadian Council of the Americas, a member of the Board of Directors of the World Wildelife Fund, Canada, and member of the Advisory Council of the Canada-Mexico initiative, PhD in International Political Economy (Jennifer, “Canada Among Nations, 2011-2012: Canada and Mexico’s Unfinished Agenda”, 2012, pg. 61-62; McGill-Queen’s University Press, Print.)

Canada solves – bilateral institutions for energy cooperation already exist.
SRE 11 – Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, “Canada-Mexico Joint Action Plan 2010-2012”, 6/17/11;  http:bamex.sre.gob.mx/canada/images/mexico-jap.pdf)

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC

You do not have the jurisdiction to vote affirmative-the ballot commodifies their identity and distances others from their ethics we are powerless in this debate space
Rahnema, 97 ~Rahnema, professor of political science at York University, 1997, The Post Development Reader, p. 392~
’masks of love’ have now destroyed the possibilities of our truly ’caring’
AND
We _{continue to cheat ourselves, because we consider it not decent, not morally justifiable, not} 

Vote negative: it’s the only way to inspire the genuine value of their advocacy

Arrigo 2k (Bruce A. Arrigo, PhD, administration of justice, professor
AND
13, No. 2, 2000, pgs. 215-242)
The psychological egoist questions the possibility of acting altruistically; that is, of acting
AND
that give rise to the logic of charitable, altruistic, intervening behavior.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC

The Embargo has made Cuba the most Bio-diverse nation in the Caribbean-Lifting it will devastate this "Accidental Eden"

"Cuba: The Accidental Eden"- ’Can Cuba build a bridge to its environmental future? Produced- http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/cuba-the-accidental-eden/the-causeway-to-cayo-coco/5808/  PBS 10/27/2010-Educational Broadcast Corporation 26 Public Broadcasting System
Cuba has been called the "Accidental Eden" for its exceptional biodiversity and unique
AND
some conservationists see Cuba’s position as an opportunity to set a constructive example.

Biodiversity in specific hotspots checks extinction. Solves agriculture medicine and ecosystems

Mittermeier ’11
(et al, Dr. Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He holds Ph.D. from Harvard in Biological Anthropology and serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He has conducted fieldwork for over 30 years on three continents and in more than 20 countries in mainly tropical locations. He is the President of Conservation International and he is considered an expert on biological diversity. Mittermeier has formally discovered several monkey species. From Chapter One of the book Biodiversity Hotspots – F.E. Zachos and J.C. Habel (eds.), DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1, ~23 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011. This evidence also internally references Norman Myers, a very famous British environmentalist specialising in biodiversity. available at: http://www.academia.edu/1536096/Global_biodiversity_conservation_the_critical_role_of_hotspots)

Extinction is the gravest consequence of the biodiversity crisis, since it is¶ irreversible
AND
than 30 of original vegetation remaining" criterion to a genuine hotspot.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Reject their call for normalized relations —- Cuba commits countless human rights violations —- use your ballot to shun them, it’s the only moral stance
Roberts, 8 (James M., research fellow for Economic Freedom and Growth at The Heritage Foundation, "U.S. must re-engage Latin democracies but shun police states," The Monitor, 11/28/08, lexis)
WASHINGTON _ Hard-left groups in the United States want to "normalize"
AND
with those who would destroy it is no way to uphold that oath.

B. Human rights violation snowball to undermine all morality – Shunning human rights violators is necessary to uphold a moral order, solves rights abuses, and protecting rights is an a-priori concern – regardless refuse to associate with evil
Beversluis, 89 (Eric H. April 1989. "On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions." Public Affairs Quarterly, April, vol. 3, no. 2)
We find the answer when we note that there is another "level" of
AND
has been made "unclean," as ancient communities might have put it.

C. Policy makers have a moral obligation to shun
Beversluis, 89 (Eric H. April 1989. "On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions." Public Affairs Quarterly, April, vol. 3, no. 2)
As I see it, nations are agents in the sense that they do things
AND
morality applies to nations see Cohen (1985) and Beitz (1979).)

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Cuba and Canada are economic ties now- plan destroys them
Ritter 10 (Archibald Ritter, Department of Economics and School of International Affairs University of Carleton. Spring 2010. "CANADA’S ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH CUBA, 1990 TO 2010 AND BEYOND". Canadian Foreign Policy. search.proquest.com/docview/887543830/1402349141052BA7F7E/7?accountid=36312)
 Canada and Cuba have further developed a mutually advantageous economic relationship during the 1990s
AND
economic recovery and that will be stimulated by United States-Cuba normalization?

Embargo is key to the Canadian economy

JOC 96 (Journal of Commerce. 2/19/1996. "U.S. Embargo of Cuba Lines Pockets In Canada". Sun Sentinel. articles.sun-sentinel.com/1996-02-19/business/9602160148_1_cuba-ships-foreign-investors)
Your Sen. Helms, he’s our hero," joked one stevedoring company official.
AND
mining, tourism and manufacturing, also do a thriving business in Cuba.

Canadian economic growth is key to avoiding war in the Arctic—avoids a power vacuum land grab.

Dobransky 12 (Steve, Adjunct Professor at Lakeland College. He is completing his Ph.D. at Kent State University and is ABD. He has an M.A. from Ohio University and a B.A. from Cleveland State University. "Military Security, Energy Resources, and the Emergence of the Northwest Passage: Canada’s Arctic Dilemma," http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2012/0106/ca/dobransky_arctic.html,)

Canada’s apparent inability in winning over the international community on its Arctic argument has been
AND
trails. The Arctic may be the quintessential example in the future.20

Goes nuclear

Wallace, 10
(Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia, March, "Ridding the Arctic of Nuclear Weapons A Task Long Overdue", http://www.arcticsecurity.org/docs/arctic-nuclear-report-web.pdf)

The fact is, the Arctic is becoming a zone of increased military competition.
AND
geo-political/economic significance of the Arctic because of climate change."

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Federalism is key to prevent federal overstretch – controls root cause of general terrorism, economic collapse, and Taliban resurgence in Afghanistan
Nivola 10 (Pietro S. Nivola, senior fellow and C. Douglas Dillon Chair in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, "Rebalancing American Federalism," The American Interest, March-April 2010, http://www.the-american-interest.com/article-bd.cfm?piece=787)
Thinking along those lines warrants renewed emphasis today. America’s national government has had its
AND
, an overstretched and distracted government stands less chance of mitigating such tragedies.

Extinction
Ayson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand –  Victoria University of Wellington, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects", Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, 33(7), July)
A Catalytic Response: Dragging in the Major Nuclear Powers
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
consultation from Washington that the latter found itself unable or unwilling to provide.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Federalism is a critical check on federal accountability and tyranny
Robinson 04 (Nick Robinson, Yale Law School, J.D. 2006 and Currently Fox Fellow at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 40 Akron L. Rev. 647)
Second, federalism provides a check on the over-centralization of power. Federalism
AND
local and state level which encourages ~*682~ citizen participation and empowerment.

Decision rule – rejecting every instance is critical to prevent the end of humanity
Petro 74 (Sylvester, Professor of Law at NYU, Toledo Law Review, Spring, p. 480, http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200304/0783.html)
However, one may still insist, echoing Ernest Hemingway - "I believe in
AND
every invasion of freedom must be emphatically identified and resisted with undying spirit.

Federal accountability checks extinction
Adler 96 (David, Professor of Political Science – Idaho State University, The Constitution and Conduct of American Foreign Policy, p. 23-25)
~{11~} The structure of shared powers in foreign relations serves to deter abuse
AND
to an examination of the judiciary’s contribution to executive hegemony in foreign affairs.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Federalism is critical to effective water management – nationalization fails
Craig 11 (Robin Kundis Craig, Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Professor of Law, Florida State University College of Law, "Adapating Water Federalism to Climate Change Impacts: Energy Policy, Food Security, and the Allocation of Water Resources," Environmental and Energy Law and Policy Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, January 30, 2011, http://www.law.uh.edu/eelpj/publications/5-2/02Craig.pdf)
That said, however, the prospect of whole scale nationalization and federalization of water
AND
optimal balance of water federalism if they all start sooner rather than later.

That decimates the US agriculture sector
WEF 11 (Water Environment Federation, "Water Sector Interdependencies: Summary Report 2011," 2011, http://www.wef.org/uploadedFiles/Access_Water_Knowledge/Water_Security_and_Emergency_Response/Final_WEF_Summary_WSI.pdf)
The water sector and the agriculture and food sector are heavily interdependent. According to
AND
used in the production of meats, poultry, eggs, and milk."

Extinction
Klare, 12 — professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College (Michael T., "Michael T. Klare: The Hunger Wars in Our Future", 8/8/12, http://www.guernicamag.com/daily/michael-t-klare-the-hunger-wars-in-our-future/)
This, however, is just the beginning of the likely consequences: if history
AND
continues to fuel the insurgency of the Maoist-inspired Naxalites of India.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
The retributive justice that comes with locating responsibility in specific historical locations is just as problematic as the ahistorical rejection of responsibility
Murphy 4 (Ann, Postdoctoral Fellow in the School of philosophy at the university of New South Wales, “The Political Significance of Shame,” Borderlands E-Journal, volume 3 Number 1, 2004)

Endorse shame and political charity as a challenge to renderings of responsibility that deny the incalculable nature of complicity
Murphy 4 (Ann, Postdoctoral Fellow in the School of philosophy at the university of New South Wales, “The Political Significance of Shame,” Borderlands E-Journal, volume 3 Number 1, 2004)

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
B. Solvency – 

1. The Court can make this ruling and devolve power to the states – it won’t be rolled back
   Miller ’98 (Mark A., Attorney at Law – Baker Botts LLP, Cleveland State Law Review, Lexis)
   The history of the Tenth Amendment is an appropriate starting point in the development of
   AND
   any attempt by Congress to pierce the shield of federalism with Article I. 

2. Currently all 50 states and US territories conduct foreign policy on a wide array of issues especially in the realm of economy and trade – they have acted collectively in these areas and in Latin America
Daniel Halberstam, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School, ~46 Vill. L. Rev. 1015~ 2001
State and local governments have also engaged in foreign policy initiatives with more "political
AND
and in some cases embraced subnational government views in resolving the underlying issue.

C. Competition – Raich crushed Federalism – extending Lopez is critical to revive it
Brandon J. Stoker, J.D. Candidate 2010, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, ~23 BYU J. Pub. L. 317~ 2009
When the Supreme Court decided Gonzales v. Raich n2 in 2005, it marked
AND
in United States v. Lopez n6 and United States v. Morrison.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC

1NC 

The myth of civilization is constructed through a reckless transcendence from nature—the affirmative’s inherent centrality is immoral and has resulted in ecocide—The alternative rejects the affirmatives dualisms and recognizes our existence within nature

John Berger, ’A Story for Aesop’, from Keeping a Rendezvous-Awarded the booker prize-Lannan Lifetime achievement…etc.-Critic-novelist 26 The Dark Mountain 9 (Uncivilization, network of writers, artists, and thinkers, The Dark Mountain Manifesto, an international community in 15 different countries http://dark-mountain.net/about/manifesto/, 2009)JFS/NAR
If we are indeed teetering on the edge of a massive change in how we
AND

an artistic response to the crumbling of the empires of the mind.
 

====We are on an unsustainable path—recognizing our ecological identity is the only way to solve environmental dualism====
Raph Waldo Emerson led transcendentalist movement, American essayist, writer, poet- educated at Boston Latin School, Harvard Divinity School, Harvard University, Harvard College——Article from——The Dark Mountain 9 (Uncivilization, network of writers, artists, and thinkers, 26 The Dark Mountain Manifesto, an international community in 15 different countries http://dark-mountain.net/about/manifesto/, 2009)JFS/NAR
The myth of progress is founded on the myth of nature. The first tells
AND
sated, on the fruits of the horrors on which our lifestyles depend.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
External transgression is ineffective and doomed to fail—the ‘system’ will absorb their political strategy—The alternative is overidentification- subvert the law and admit the failures of their utopia—Overidentifying shatters the law’s symbolic authority. Their approach only strengthens the system creating a vicious cycle of fantasy
Slavoj Zizek, Professor of Sociology at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana University, 2000, The Fragile Absolute, p. 147-150

The alternative also reads the letter of the law against itself—Using the system against itself breaks free from the cooptive politics today that absorb radical change this allows for true transformation
Zizek, 98 – Professor of Philosophy at Institute of Social Sciences at University of Ljubljana
(Slavoj, racist, Law and the Postmodern Mind, “Why Does the Law need an Obscene Supplement?” Pg 91-94)

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC

PEMEX DA (Mexican Economy) – 1NC

PEMEX reform passing now because of Nieto~’s political capital —- increase oil production through expertise and tech sharing

O~’Reilly 8-7 (Andrew, 2013, Writer/Producer for Fox News Latino, "Mexico~’s Peña Nieto Pushes Oil Reform Despite Strong Opposition", http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/money/2013/08/07/mexico-pena-nieto-pushes-oil-reform-despite-strong-opposition/~~~~23ixzz2dNoQAuJw)

The battle lines in the fight over the future of Mexico~’s state-run oil
AND
has also given his attention to becoming involved in his country~’s oil industry.

Anti-US sentiment —- allows opposition to drum up controversy

Hakim 13 (Peter Hakim, 5-1-2013; president emeritus of the Inter-American Dialogue, Reuters "Which Mexico for Obama?" http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2013/05/01/which-mexico-for-obama/)

When President Barack Obama meets this week with President Enrique Peña Nieto in Mexico,
AND
U.S. financial crisis left the Mexican economy reeling in 2009.

Absent energy reforms, Mexico will become a failed state —- overrides resilience

Rathborne 13 (John-Paul 3-20-13; Financial Times, "Mexico~’s reform plan lifts hopes for greater prosperity", http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a959b3fe-8a4f-11e2-bf79-00144feabdc0.html~~~~23axzz2XizM05rl)

Economists reckon the changes – from tougher competition policy to opening up the country~’s almost
AND
on many ears, given that half of the country lives in poverty.

Collapse causes WMD terrorism

Brookes 9 (Peter, Senior Fellow for National Security Affairs – Davis Institute at The Heritage Foundation, "Mexican Mayhem: Narcotics Traffickers Threaten Mexico and U.S.", Heritage Commentary, 3-4, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/03/mexican-mayhem-narcotics-traffickers-threaten-mexico-and-us)

Unfortunately, we~’re entangled in Mexico~’s lurch toward instability. According to the NDIC,
AND
proximity, that~’s arguably correct. So what can or should be done?

Terrorism is real and terrorists want nukes —- ensures nuclear winter and extinction

Creamer 11 (Robert, Political Organizer and Strategist – Strategic Consulting Group, "Post-Bin Laden, It~’s Time to End the Threat of Nuclear Terrorism for Good", Huffington Post, 5-12, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-creamer/post-bin-laden—-it-is-ti_b_860954.html)

Worse, al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations have vowed to obtain and actually use
AND
. Much of the world~’s surface would reach winter temperatures in the summer.

Tournament: New Trier | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Plan ends the shutdown and collapses debt limit negotiations
The Hill 10/2 (http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/326011-dems-prolonged-shutdown-will-give-us-leverage-in-debt-limit-fightn)

Senate Democrats believe the longer the government remains shut down, the more leverage they
AND
distracted by internal disagreements over how aggressively to fight the implementation of ObamaCare. 

That causes economic collapse
Salon 10/9 (http://www.salon.com/2013/10/09/gop_antics_could_spur_a_post_default_depression/)

The biggest threat from the twin calamities of the government shutdown and the debt limit
AND
be lucky to get away with just a lost decade in the aftermath.

Debt ceiling collapses the global economy —- fast timeframe and no resiliency

Adam Davidson 9/10/13, economy columnist for The New York Times, co-founder of Planet Money, NPR’s team of economics reporters, "Our Debt to Society," NYT, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0
If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
AND
free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.

Cross Apply their econ impact...

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC

Engagement’s limited now because of opposition by protectionist lobbies

Gvosdev 12 – Nikolas K. Gvosdev, Faculty of the U.S. Naval War College and Former Editor of the National Interest, "The Realist Prism: To Reset Latin America Policy, U.S. Must Think Big", World Politics Review, 4-20, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11867/the-realist-prism-to-reset-latin-america-policy-u-s-must-think-big)

U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere has suffered a series of setbacks
AND
say nothing of the Secret Service prostitution scandal that soon overshadowed the proceedings.
More generally, Obama’s Latin America policy is suffering from a lack of what George
AND
could not immediately pivot U.S. foreign policy to the region.
But as I noted two years ago, "There was insufficient follow-up to take advantage of the momentum generated by the Trinidad meeting." Just as candidate George W. Bush’s rhetoric about the importance of Latin America understandably evaporated after Sept. 11, the Obama administration, in continuing to react to a series of crises elsewhere in the world, has also put the Western Hemisphere on the back burner.
As a result, according to Sean Goforth, America’s relations with the region appear to be adrift. "Many countries want and deserve a serious partnership with Washington. But President Obama is an unconvincing partner. . . . He has stalled on trade treaties with Latin American countries that still want preferred access to the U.S. market, and he’s made it clear that his strategic priority is a ’pivot’ toward Asia."
Worse still, no senior official within the administration, starting with the president himself
AND
and energy; an arrangement that mimics the pre-Maastricht European Community.
Part of the problem is that important U.S. domestic lobbies are opposed
AND
politician has emerged as a strong advocate for a Community of the Americas.
And while domestic politics are always going to be intertwined with foreign policy, U
AND
through the prism of domestic politics — in this case Florida’s electoral votes.

Plan inflames domestic protectionism

McGinnis 00 – Professor of Law at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, "The World Trade Constitution", Harvard Law Review, December, 114 Harv. L. Rev. 511, Lexis

It is true that free trade does not make everyone within a nation better off
AND
are designed to benefit interest groups at the expense of the public. 66

Lobbies will push restrictive regulatory measures —- wrecks trade and the economy

Watson 13 – K. William Watson and Sallie James, Trade Policy Analysts at the Cato Institute’s Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, "Regulatory Protectionism A Hidden Threat to Free Trade", Cato Policy Analysis, 4-9, http://heartland.org/sites/default/files/pa723.pdf

Despite the impressive success of trade liberalization, domestic industries continue to find ways to use the power of government to protect themselves from foreign competition. The practice of using domestic environmental or consumer safety regulation as a way to disguise protectionist policy has become a serious and growing problem in the United States. This regulatory protectionism harms the U.S. economy and violates our trade obligations.
A number of factors combine to explain the rise in regulatory protectionism. Economic globalization
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interests join forces to promote regulatory regimes that unfairly and unnecessarily restrict imports.
There is already a system of laws in place to prevent regulatory protectionism. The rules of the international trading system recognize that domestic laws can be just as protectionist as tariffs. Many of the disciplines of World Trade Organization (WTO) law are embedded in the rules U.S. administrative agencies follow when setting new regulations.
But the U.S. government must take its WTO obligations more seriously. Prior to implementing a new regulation, federal agencies should be required to evaluate the possibility that less trade-restrictive alternatives could meet regulatory goals as effectively as their preferred proposal. Also, the U.S. government should not dilute or bypass the multilateral rules of the WTO through bilateral or regional negotiations that accept managed protectionism.
This paper uses a number of recent examples of protectionist regulations to show that the enemies of regulatory protectionism are transparency and vigilance. Policymakers should be skeptical of regulatory proposals backed by the target domestic industry and of proposals that lack a plausible theory of market failure. These are red flags that the proposal is the product of privilege-seeking special interests disguised as altruistic consumer advocates.

Extinction

Kemp 10 (Geoffrey, Director of Regional Strategic Programs – Nixon Center and Former Director of the Middle East Arms Control Project – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-234)

The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first
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expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.

Internal pressure would cause China Bashing- causes a China trade war, erodes relations and global cooperation

Bohan 13 (Caren Bohan, journalist and the White House correspondent for the Reuters news agency. 5/29/13. "Why China-Bashing Matters". National Journal. www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/why-china-bashing-matters-20120927)
China-bashing by U.S. presidential candidates is nothing new. On
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tension but we may well see much broader trade tension in the world."

Extinction

Johnson 1 (Chalmers, President – Japan Policy Research Institute, "Time to Bring the Troops Home", The Nation, 4-26, http://ieas.berkeley.edu/cks/k12/girling_troops.doc)

In East Asia, the United States maintains massive and expensive military forces poised to
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aggressor. More seriously, it could easily escalate into a nuclear holocaust.

Tournament: Caucus | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC

The affirmative has misrepresented the root cause of the economic crisis— operating through transparent actors they create an intangible fantasy destroying all objective value

Madra 26 Ozselcuk 10 _{Yahya Madra is an economics professor who holds a Ph.D. from University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Ceren Özselçuk is Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology of Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, "Enjoyment as an economic factor: Reading Marx with Lacan" http://www.communityeconomies.org/site/assets/media/yahyamadra/Subjectivityv2b.pdf}
There is, then, still more to be done in order to stage a
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economic (hence providing economic experts a frame within which to "desire"). 

Our alternative is to interrogate neoliberal engagement from the starting point of knowledge production

Walsh 12 (Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, 2012. Catherine, "The Politics of Naming", Cultural Studies, 26.1, Project Muse)

Cultural Studies, in our project, is constructed and understood as more than a
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Studies is only one of our options, and part of the politics of
naming.

Tournament: Caucus | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
The plan’s untouchable fiat designates it as an off-budget project — this has a snowball effect and kills the economy
Greenspan, 96 — former Chairman of the Federal Reserve (Allen, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 4/17/1996)
On behalf of myself and the other members of the Board, I am pleased
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large about the commitment and ability of the government to control federal spending.

Extinction
Auslin, 9 — Resident Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute (Michael, "The Global Economy Unravels", Forbes, 3/6/2009, http://www.aei.org/article/100187)
What do these trends mean in the short and medium term? The Great Depression
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may be a series of small explosions that coalesce into a big bang.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
Death and misfortune are inevitable – the joy of life comes in accepting things as they are – action only brings about suffering and destroys the natural order of the universe
Slabbert, 01 Jos, Taoist teacher and philosopher, “Tao te Ching: How to Deal with Suffering” http://www.taoism.net/theway/suffer.htm

The alternative is to embrace the practice of Wu Wei, or “doing nothing” in order to appreciate the flow of the Tao – only through appreciating the natural order of life can we live according to Taoism.
Kirkland 96 – (1996, Russell Kirkland, Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Cultures, specialist in Asian Religions, Associate Professor of Religion at UGA, "The Book of the Way," 24-29 DH)

The K solves the case. We don’t reject solving problems, we reject the flawed interventionism that problem solving consists of today. The process of conforming to the Tao, rejecting action, and becoming a sage has a tremendous effect on the world around us and allows it to revert back to the natural state of the universe.
Kirkland 98 - (1996, Russell Kirkland, Ph.D. in East Asian Languages and Cultures, specialist in Asian Religions, Associate Professor of Religion at UGA, "’RESPONSIBLE NON-ACTION’ IN A NATURAL WORLD : PERSPECTIVES FROM THE NEI-YEH, CHUANG-TZU, AND TAO-TE CHING" HARVARD CONFERENCE ON TAOISM AND ECOLOGY DH)

Tournament: state | Round: 2 | Opponent: whiteny young | Judge:
The United States federal government should
-- end subsides for industrial farms
-- increase scientific grants for the purposes of organoponic research
-- substantially increase support for adoption of Cuban urban agriculture including, but not limited to, sending experts to visit Cuban farms

Eliminating subsidies is key to change the US ag sector
Their author, Peters 10 –  LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

Increasing research solves—companies will adopt --- their author
Shkolnick, 12 - J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)

Tournament: Evanston | Round: 1 | Opponent: 1NC | Judge: 1NC
The United States federal government should amend Title 22 of US Code (22 U.S.C. 6065) so that a transition government in Cuba is defined as a government that is taking appropriate steps to restitute and/or compensate United States citizens for property taken by the Cuban government, as outlined in the following addendum. The United States federal government should offer to negotiate a Bilateral Investment Treaty with Cuba that includes a Step-Down Restitution Policy.

Setting up a Bilateral Investment Treaty as a mechanism for compensation helps Cuba meet the only condition that is keeping the embargo in place
Mowry, Senior Counsel Xerox Corporation, 1999 (David, “Lifting the Embargo against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity” Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 25 Brooklyn J. Int'l L. 229, lexis)
The obstacles that prevent a President from lifting the embargo against Cuba arbitrarily would appear
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S. Government would not be liable for any losses.   *262 

Step-Down Restitution Policy is the best mechanism – flexibility in payment ensures appropriate and quick redress and means Cuba says yes
Espino, JD Candidate Nova Southeastern University Shepard Broad Law Center, 2008 (Daniel- President and Chairman of the Board of Puente de Jovenes Profesionales Cubanos  and President of the Hispanic Law Students Association, Spring, “Step-Down Restitution: A Proposal For An Equitable Resolution To Confiscated Cuban Property” Nova Law Review, 32 Nova L. Rev. 423, lexis)
 *451  V. IMPLEMENTATION The Step-Down Restitution Policy should be
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justice for Cuba's transgressions by allowing them to receive individualistic and equitable remediation.

The current embargo holds Cuba responsible for compensation for property taken during the Castro revolution – lifting the embargo and normalizing relations makes the US legally responsible for that compensation under the Takings Clause – that causes lawsuits against the federal government that collapses an effective transition and turns every Cuba advantage
Smagula, Associate with Totti, Rodriguez Diaz and Fuentes, 1995 (John, Fall, “Redirecting Focus: Justifying the U.S. Embargo Against Cuba and Resolving the Stalemate” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 21 N.C.J. Int'l L. and Com. Reg. 66, lexis)
B. Full Compensation as an Inflexible Standard In extreme cases, full compensation may
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cast a cloud over any progress in U.S.-Cuban relations.

It also overloads the court --- undermining prosecution of terrorism
Taylor 99 (Stuart Jr., “Irrational Excesses, Barbaric Penalties and Political Opportunism”, National Journal, 2-27, Lexis)
So did another unhealthy trend, deplored in a Feb. 16 ABA task force
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criminal prohibitions, each filled with differing consequences for the same conduct.'' 

Judicial prosecution is vital to prevent a wave of terror attacks
Shapiro 3 (Jeremy, Associate Director and Research Associate – Brookings Institute, “French Lessons: The Importance of the Judicial System in Fighting Terrorism”, March,  http://www.brookings.edu/fp/cusf/analysis/ shapiro2003032 5.htm)
There is no simple formula for reconciling the war on terrorism’s short-term requirement
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of terrorism without sacrificing the very values they so desperately desire to protect.

Extinction
Ayson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand –  Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects”, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33(7), July)
A Catalytic Response: Dragging in the Major Nuclear Powers
A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
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consultation from Washington that the latter found itself unable or unwilling to provide.

Tournament: None | Round: 1 | Opponent: None | Judge: None
Email: domanjeremy@gmail.com
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