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Border Infrastructure Aff Niles
Tournament: Niles | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge: We’ll isolate 3 internal links: First is production sharing: border congestion poses a deadly threat to product sharing – extra delays and costs impose a vicious multiplier effect on manufacturers EIU, 13 Economist Intelligence Unit, independent business within the Economist Group. Through research and analysis, EIU offers forecasting and advisory services to its clients, 5/27, https://globalconnections.hsbc.com/us/en/articles/how-north-americas-borders-slow-your-product-down, “How North America’s borders slow your product down,” ADM Mexico is the U.S.'s third largest trading partner (after Canada AND US$6 billion in improvements to bring the system up to snuff. Effective production sharing is key – solves competitiveness, manufacturing, trade, and employment Manzella, 03 John, world-recognized author and speaker on global trends, international business, China, and today's economic realities, is editor-in-chief of The Manzella Report and president of Manzella Trade Communications, a strategic communications and public affairs firm, 6/1, http://www.manzellareport.com/index.php/manufacturing/197-production-sharing-offers-benefits-opportunities-and-challenges, “Production Sharing Offers Benefits, Opportunities and Challenges,” ADM In today's dynamic global environment, companies often need to implement new strategies to remain AND and retaining those that would have been lost due to intense foreign competition. Second is congestion: U.S.-Mexican border infrastructure isn’t keeping up with trade — the plan reduces congestion and saves the manufacturing sector Wilson and Lee 12 — Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report, and Erik Lee, serves as Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University (Christopher E. Wilson, Erik Lee, Site Selection, July 2012, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK) Commerce between the United States and Mexico is one of the great — yet AND , and for all stakeholders to engage vigorously in binational dialogue and cooperation. Third is near shoring: Border infrastructure is key — realizes Mexican manufacturing gains and facilitates near-shoring Sirkin et al. 11 — Harold L. Sirkin, senior partner and managing director in the Chicago office of The Boston Consulting Group and the author of GLOBALITY: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything, and Michael Zinser, partner and managing director in the firm’s Chicago office, and Douglas Hohner, partner and managing director in BCG’s Chicago office (Harold L. Sirkin, Michael Zinser, Douglas Hohner, The Boston Consulting Group, “Made in America, Again: Why Manufacturing Will Return to the U.S.”, August 2011, http://www.bcg.com/documents/file84471.pdf, Accessed 07-24-2013 | AK) Other low-cost nations won’t be able to absorb all the export manufacturing that AND companies will keep manufacturing high-end products in the U.S. Manufacturing solves military readiness to deter all war --- collapse of the perception of readiness leads to miscalculation Cooper 07 (Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow and deputy director of the Alliance for American Manufacturing, “Making it in America”, April 04, 2007, http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/articles/making-it-america) But perhaps greater than the economic disruption in the lives of the workforce and their AND to much of the high standard of living we Americans take for granted. A recession’s coming – stats prove and consumer confidence means nothing Pineros 8/1 (Brittany, programme manager of economic policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute, “The US is headed for 'another recession' in 2014”, http://www.publicserviceeurope.com/article/3892/the-us-is-headed-for-another-recession-in-2014)//lm Four years after the end of the Great Recession, the United States economy is AND partisanship is unfortunately what we have come to expect from our elected officials. Manufacturing controls the largest internal links into the economy Swezey 11 (Devon Swezey, Project Director for Breakthrough Institute, energy and climate policy analyst and Ryan McConaghy, “Manufacturing Growth Advanced Manufacturing and the Future of the American Economy,” http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/BTI_Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Manufacturing_Growth_.pdf) However, despite these relative declines, manufacturing remains a sizeable contributor to our economy AND to the United States’ ability to reduce its large and persistent trade deficit. Multiple scenarios for global nuclear war Harris and Burrows, 9 (Mathew Harris, Counselor of the U.S. National Intelligence Council, Jennifer Burrows, Member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit, “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis,” The Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf) Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. Manufacturing industry is key to agricultural technology advances and precision farming Lind and Freeman 12 (Michael Lind, policy director of New America’s Economic Growth Program and a co-founder of the New America Foundation, Joshua Freedman, program associate in New America’s Economic Growth Program, “Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future,” New America Foundation, April 2012, http://growth.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Lind,20Michael20and20Freedman,20Joshua20-20NAF20-20Value20Added20America27s20Manufacturing20Future.pdf) Advanced manufacturing is not limited to new, emerging sectors; even manufacturing tied to AND systems, a modern farm equipment brochure looks like a consumer electronics guide.
Two impacts --- First --- agricultural technology advances solve extinction Trewavas, 2k (Anthony, Professor at the Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh, “GM IS the Best Option We Have”, http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html) In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force AND accepting that technological advance may be the only buffer between us and annihilation. Second --- efficient and precise farming solves extinction Lugar 2k (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” pg online @ http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html) In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet. Strong manufacturing industry solves heg Heffner 12 (Thomas Publisher/Founder of economy in crisis “The Exodus of American Production” http://economyincrisis.org/content/exodus-american-production) The United States was once considered a rich country. We accumulated much abundance throughout AND foreign ownership. We should not allow ourselves to depend on other countries. Heg solves all impacts Kagan 7 (Robert, Senior Associate – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “End of Dreams, Return of History: International Rivalry and American Leadership”, Policy Review, August/September, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html#n10) The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be nations AND which could in turn draw the United States back in under unfavorable circumstances. 1AC Relations Focusing on the drug war is killing US-Mexico relations Shirk 5/13 (David Shirk, associate professor of political science at the University of San Diego, former director of the Trans-Border Institute at USD, “U.S.-Mexico Relations Complicated, Conditioned By Drug War”, NPR, http://www.npr.org/2013/05/04/181053775/u-s-mexico-relations-complicated-conditioned-by-drug-war//lm) SCOTT SIMON, HOST:¶ In many ways, the relationship between the U. AND the University of San Diego. Thanks very much for being with us. Two internal links: First is cooperation – bilateral border investments are crucial to U.S.-Mexico relations. Baker Institute 9 — The James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University—a nonpartisan public policy think tank, 2009 (“Developing the U.S.-Mexico Border Region for a Prosperous and Secure Relationship,” Baker Institute Policy Report, Number 38, April, Available Online at http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/LAI-pub-BorderSecPREnglish-041509.pdf, Accessed 07-26-2013, p. 1) The relationship between the United States and Mexico has historically been a strong one, AND actions that are more likely to hinder, rather than promote, common goals Border infrastructure is the vital internal link to US-Mexican Relations CSIS, 04 - Bipartisan domestic and foreign policy think tank, conducting policy studies and strategic analyses on political, economic and security issues (Center for Strategic and International Studies, “U.S.-Mexico Border Security and the Evolving Security Relationship,” U.S.-Mexico Binational Council, 4/15/04, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/0404_bordersecurity.pdf)//AR The flow of people and goods is already enormous and, barring unforeseeable calamities that AND is that greater and greater border and security cooperation will be called for. Second is focus – infrastructure investment rebalances the relationship—economic focus key — overcomes alternate causalities. Selee and Wilson 12 — Andrew Selee, Vice President for Programs and Senior Adviser for the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Adjunct Professor of Government at Johns Hopkins University and of International Affairs at George Washington University, former Visiting Professor at El Colegio de Mexico, holds a Ph.D. in Policy Studies from the University of Maryland, an M.A. in Latin American Studies from the University of California-San Diego, and a B.A. in Latin American Studies from Washington University in St. Louis, and Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, previously served as a Mexico Analyst for the U.S. Military and as a researcher at American University’s Center for North American Studies, holds an M.A. in International Affairs from American University, 2012 (“Getting ready for a new era in U.S.-Mexico ties,” Global Public Square—Fareed Zakaria’s CNN blog, December 3rd, Available Online at http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/03/Getting-Ready-for-a-New-Era-in-U-S-Mexico-Ties/, Accessed 07-26-2013) U.S.-Mexico relations have been dominated for the past six years by AND such a change in perception occurs, the results will speak for themselves. Relations solve – drugs and terrorism Storrs 6 (K. Larry Storrs, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of CRS, 1/18/2006 “Mexico’s Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States”, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33244_20060118.pdf, JG) Sharing a 2,000-mile border and extensive interconnections through the Gulf of AND , and border, terrorism,¶ health, environment, and energy issues. Solving drugs prevents bioterrorism Armstrong 4 - Chairman, Executive Committee CSIS Board of Trustees (Anne, “U.S.-Mexico Border Security and the Evolving Security Relationship,” http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/0404_bordersecurity.pdf)//BB The threat of biological terrorism continues to be one of the gravest concerns of ¶ AND collaboration by intelligence and law enforcement agencies on both sides of the border. New gene synthesis tech makes bioterror uniquely likely CBS 11 – International news source (“Clinton: Gene Synthesis Raises Bioweapon Threat”, CBS, 12/7/11, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57338301/clinton-gene-synthesis-raises-bioweapon-threat/)EO GENEVA - New gene assembly technology that offers great benefits for scientific research could also AND weapons, saying it is too complicated to monitor every single lab's activities. Extinction Matheny, 7 – former associate at Oxford, MPJ from Hopkins (Jason, published in Risk Analysis 2007; 27(5): 1335-1344, “Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction,” http://jgmatheny.org/matheny_extinction_risk.htm) Of current extinction risks, the most severe may be bioterrorism. The knowledge needed AND such experiments because the bene?ts do not seem to be worth the risks.
1AC plan Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its border infrastructure economic engagement toward Mexico. 1ac Solvency
Government action is key to stimulate the private sector –provides incentive and reduces redundancies U.S. Chamber of Commerce 11 (“Steps to a 21st Century U.S.-Mexico Border” http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/reports/2011_us_mexico_report.pdf SW) We are encouraged by recent efforts by leadership at CBP to achieve our shared AND tradedecreases costs for businesses and provides governments with more accurate and accessible information. POE investment sufficient to solve– jumpstarts other improvements and happens immediately Accenture 08 global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company, report commissioned by the DOC (March, commissioned by the Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration, “IMPROVING ECONOMIC OUTCOMES BY REDUCING BORDER DELAYS FACILITATING THE VITAL FLOW OF COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC ACROSS THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER”, http://shapleigh.org/system/reporting_document/file/487/DRAFT_Reducing_Border_Delays_Findings_and_Options_vFinal_03252008.pdf SW) Improving Ports of Entry Stakeholders, both public and private, Federal, state, AND reducing border wait times. Action to improve border crossings can begin immediately. Manufacturing solves space col Globus 12 (Ruth scientist at NASA “Space Settlement Basics” http://settlement.arc.nasa.gov/Basics/wwwwh.html) Space colonization is extraordinarily expensive because launch vehicles are difficult to manufacture and operate. AND . For an excellent analysis applying nanotechnology to space development, see McKendree 1995 Alt causes resolved now Wogan 12 J.B. is an intern with PolitiFact “Border is more secure, but not to everyone's satisfaction” http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/obameter/promise/286/secure-the-borders/ We also think it's worth noting that even though Obama's subject heading for the promise AND is not under "operational control." We rate this promise a Compromise. Plan leads to coordination with Mexico – spills over Figueroa 11 – Alejandro, Research and Policy Analyst, NACTS, with Erik Lee, Associate Director, NACTS, Rick Van Schoik, Director, NACTS (“Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico,” North American Center for Transborder Studies at ASU, 12/9/11, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf) Executive Summary The United States urgently needs a sustained national conversation regarding how to realize AND jobs, imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border.
Security cooperation’s inevitable – Merida Initiative – the aff’s inherent but DA links are non-unique Seelke ’13 Claire. Specialist in Mexico Affairs at the Congressional Research Service. “Mexico and the 112th Congress” 1/29/13 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32724.pdf Over the last five years, U.S.-Mexican security cooperation has intensified AND , as¶ their vehicle came under heavy fire from Mexican Federal Police.
DA links non-unique – economic engagement now Valencia 5/20 (Robert – contributing writer for Global Voices Online, New York-based political analyst, “U.S. and Latin America – Economic Cooperation Without Militarization?” www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/05/20/us-and-latin-america-economic-cooperation-without-militarization)¶ President Obama’s meeting with Mexico’s President Enrique Peña Nieto centered on the historic economic relationship AND 3,000 kilometer-long border, one of the world’s largest.
Scenario 1-- Stainless Steel The embargo is ineffective now --- but only lifting it over nickel saves US metals producers from Chinese competition CS 10 (Cuba Standard, “U.S. steel group uses embargo to hammer China”, 5-14, http://www.cubastandard.com/2010/05/14/u-s-steel-group-uses-embargo-to-hammer-china/) In written testimony during a House Ways and Means Committee hearing Thursday, a U AND , something SSINA’s doesn’t even whisper as a possible solution to its issues.”
The embargo is key --- devastates US stainless steel producers Cuba News 10 (“SSINA: Chinese steel tests embargo”, September, http://www.luxner.com/cgi-bin/view_article.cgi?articleID=1924) U.S. stainless steel producers say they’re getting shafted by an embargo that AND alloy market, which has a number of applications in aerospace and defense.
Stainless steel production is key to future desalination technologies – prevents imminent water scarcity ISSF, 10 (International Stainless Steel Forum, subsidiary of the World Steel Organization, the consortium of companies that produces 80 of the world’s stainless steel, compiled by the CEOs of 18 of the largest steel production and research facilities in the world, “Desalination in Stainless Steel: A sustainable solution for the purification of salt water”, World Stainless, 2010, http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/ISSF_Desalination_in_Stainless_Steel.pdf) Current efforts to make our world more sustainable are increas- ingly focussed on the AND should be utilised wherever cor- rosion resistance and durability are key requirements.
Extinction Bell 9 (Alexander, Research Associate – David Livingstone Centre for Sustainability, Former BBC Presenter and Correspondent, Policy Head – Scottish Nationalist Party, “Peak Water: Civilization and the World’s Water Crisis”, November, pg. 208) The idea of a water war has become commonplace. It may happen like the AND certainly it will mean the end of civilization as we currently know it.
Water wars draw in great powers and go nuclear Weiner 90 (Professor – Princeton, “The Next 100 Years”, pg. 270) If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H- AND at the 60.000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity.
Scenario 2 is China -
Only the plan averts a steel industry collapse --- China’s displacing it now Miller 13 (John W., Mining and Metals Correspondent – Wall Street Journal, and Chuin-Wei Yap, Resources Correspondent – Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires, “U.S. Icons Now Made Of Chinese Steel --- Imports Surge While U.S. Mills Idle; Lacking Bridge Expertise at Home”, Wall Street Journal, 6-20, Proquest) The reason is partly because Chinese-made steel is cheaper. In fact, AND and found that prices for Chinese-made steel were 25 lower.
The plan collapses Chinese manufacturing Murray 4 (Mary Murray, Journalist – NBC News, “China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy”, 11-23, www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4) During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed AND Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.
Manufacturing is the major driver for pollution hotspots in China --- forces a brink for widespread collapse of the Chinese water and food supply Ivanova 13 (Nadya Ivanova, reporter and contributor at Circle of Blue, cites Hu Kanping of the non-profit Chinese Ecological Civilization Research and Promotion Association, “Toxic Water: Across Much of China, Huge Harvests Irrigated with Industrial and Agricultural Runoff,” January 18, 2013, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2013/world/toxic-water-across-much-of-china-huge-harvests-irrigated-with-industrial-and-agricultural-runoff/) Pollution is such a major driver of water scarcity in China that experts have given AND signaling an awakening of both the public and government’s conscience about the environment.
This unchecked water pollution will lead to a Sino-Russian nuclear war over border annexations Nankivell 06 (Nathan Nankivell, Senior Researcher at the Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, “China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability,” January 11, 2006, http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/4 632) In addition to the concerns already mentioned, pollution, if linked to a specific AND in full-scale war between two powerful, nuclear-equipped nations.
Chinese food supply crisis also risks resource conflict and global warfare Kane and Serewicz 01 (Thomas Kane, Professor Security Studies at University of Hull, Lawrence Serewicz, Ph.D. in Politics from University of Hull, Parameters, “China’s Hunger: The Consequences of a Rising Demand for Food and Energy”, Autumn 2001, http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/01autumn/Kane.htm) Despite China's problems with its food supply, the Chinese do not appear to be AND China's government might try to ward off its demise by attacking adjacent countries.
The plan’s external and market-based decline on the manufacturing sector is key --- internal CCP attempts to regulate fail and lead to political instability and popular overthrow of the CCP Hofstedt 10 (Todd Hofstedt, Lt in US Navy; “China’s Water Scarcity and Its Implications for Domestic and International Stability,” Asian Affairs: An American Review 37:71-83, Ebsco) Given the steadily deteriorating situation and the overall inadequacy of current measures, more dramatic AND make the Chinese populace particularly supportive of those demanding popular control of government.
CCP instability results in bioweapon and nuclear use --- risks extinction Renxing 05 (San Renxing, The Epoch Times, “The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed”, 8/5/2005, http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html) Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising AND now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.
Pollution-generated political instability means the transition won’t be stable --- even if the CCP doesn’t lashout, it still leads to a nuclear civil war and risks extinction Yee and Storey 02 (Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002, “The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality,” p5) The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of AND disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
THE CASE FOR AMERICAN STEEL At first blush, steel seems a different proposition. It is capital intensive-- AND raw materials, such as iron ore and energy, at subsidized prices.
The metals industry is key to the manufacturing industry—still weak from 2008 Ayres and van der Lugt, 11 (Robert Ayres, Professor Emeritus, INSEAD, trained as a physicist at the University of Chicago with a focus on economics and originated the concept of industrial ecology, PhD in Mathematical Physics, former Professor of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie-Mellon University, Cornis van der Lugt, Cornis van der Lugt, Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Corporate Governance in Africa, PhD in International Relations, Executive MBA from Haute Ecole de Commerce,"Manufacturing: Investing in energy and resource efficiency", www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/ger/7.0_Manufacturing.pdf) If anything, the recent financial crisis highlighted a broader shift in the location of AND 20-25 per cent of global employment in manufacturing (ILO 2010)
And Independently, renewables reduce CO2 emissions Rigg 11 (Kelly, Executive Director – Global Call for Climate Action, Former Senior Campaign Director – Greenpeace, “IPCC Report: Renewable Energy Key to Solving Climate Change”, Huffington Post, 5-9, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kelly-rigg/ipcc-report-renewable-ene_b_859426.html) A new IPCC report is hot off the press this time focused on the potential AND other obstacles to downplay the revolutionary message that shines through the study's conclusions.
Extinction Globus 12 (Ruth scientist at NASA “Space Settlement Basics” http://settlement.arc.nasa.gov/Basics/wwwwh.html) Space colonization is extraordinarily expensive because launch vehicles are difficult to manufacture and operate. AND . For an excellent analysis applying nanotechnology to space development, see McKendree 1995
Lastly, American economic weakness undercuts U.S. leadership abroad. Other countries AND regions will likely become less stable. Major war will become more likely.
Plan text – 1ac
The United States federal government should offer Cuba the option to trade Cuban nickel to the United States.
Alloys Advantage – 1ac Advantage two is Alloys—
Nickel prices are on the rise – Indonesia export ban in a month WSJ 12/12/13 – Wall Street Journal (“Nickel Outperforms Peers So Far in December,” 12/12/13, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/12/12/nickel-outperforms-peers-so-far-in-december/) Nickel has rebounded with greater alacrity than its peers so far this month, as AND pushing prices higher, notably the dollar’s recent weakness against its major rivals.
Prices will increase even if Indonesia doesn’t follow through – other produces will cut output Lloyd-Smith 12/10/13 – Staff Writer for Bloomberg (Jake, “Nickel Is Best Bet for Barclays as Ore Ban Revives Worst Metal,” Bloomberg, 12/10/13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-10/nickel-rallying-for-barclays-as-indonesia-prepares-shipment-ban.html) Nickel, the worst performing base metal this year, offers investors the best opportunity AND . “The definition of purity limits, it may be the solution.”
The plan decreases domestic nickel prices --- several internal links ---
First --- transportation costs Coleman 1 (Jonathan R., Project Leader and Presenter – Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/coleman.pdf) Nickel and cobalt. The United States produces no primary nickel and cobalt, while AND Canada (valued at between $55 million and $71 million annually).
Second --- Cuban mining expansion --- the plan’s signal is key--- mining expansion is also key to Cuba’s economy USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) The current impact of sanctions is to discourage foreign investment in Cuba by raising the AND projects that would result from access to the U.S. market.
2 impact scenarios – first is airpower –
Low nickel alloys prices key to effective aircraft engines INSG 13 (International Nickel Study Group, “Nickel-Based Super Alloys”, SECRETARIAT BRIEFING PAPER, No. 20, April 2013, http://www.insg.org/5Cdocs5CINSG_Insight_20_Nickel_Alloys_2013.pdf) ¶ According to the Nickel Institute, the term “super alloy” is applied AND marine, chemical processing, oil and gas, aerospace and military industries.
And --- cheaper aircraft engines are also key to the F35 --- price increases cause program shutdown Reuters 13 (“Pentagon, United Technology agree on F-35 engines”, 8-27, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/27/us-usa-military-unitedtechnologies-idUSBRE97Q0KX20130827) ¶ (Reuters) - The Pentagon on Tuesday announced it had reached agreement with AND Chris Bogdan, the Pentagon official who runs the F-35 program.
F35s are key to airpower --- collapses absent it Carter 11 (Dr. Ashton, Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition Technology and Logistics, “DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PRESENTATION TO THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE UNITED STATES SENATE”, 5-19, http://www.airforce-magazine.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/Testimony/2011/May202011/051911vanburen_carter_venlet.pdf) The F-35 is the Department of Defense`s largest acquisition program, AND an informed decision on how to, and whether to proceed with STOVL.
US airpower prevents Korean conflict Bechtol 5 (Bruce is an assistant professor of national security studies at Air Command and staff college, “The Future of U.S. airpower on the Korean Peninsula,” September 1st) http://www.airp ower.maxwell.a f.mil/air chronicles/apj/apj05/fal05/bechtol.html#bechtol
US military support to the Republic of Korea (ROK) remains critical to peace AND a rapidly evolving region, this is unlikely to change in the future.
Korean crisis causes thermonuclear World War STRATFOR 10 (International Think Tank, “North Korea, South Korea: The Military Balance on the Peninsula”, 5-26, http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/20100526_north_korea_south_korea_military_balance_peninsula) So the real issue is the potential for escalation — or an accident that could AND tested in the way they might be if the situation escalates much further.
1/31/14
Nickel Aff GMNDC Round 4
Tournament: GMNDC | Round: 4 | Opponent: ICW TZ | Judge: Wayne Tang 1ac—Steel China’s nickel supply is decreasing --- they need to shift to Cuba now Mining Report 14 (The Mining Report, "Royal Nickel Corp: Indonesian ore export ban opens door to the next generation of nickel mines", 2/13/14, www.mining.com/web/royal-nickel-corp-indonesian-ore-export-ban-opens-door-to-the-next-generation-of-nickel-mines/)
TMR: Is the ore for the Chinese NPI producers mostly from Indonesia? MS AND 1.4 nickel saprolite is not a high-margin business.
Allowing US/Cuba nickel trade would undercut China’s nickel supply Cuba News 10 (“SSINA: Chinese steel tests embargo”, September, http://www.luxner.com/cgi-bin/view_article.cgi?articleID=1924) *We do not endorse the use of gendered language in this evidence
U.S. stainless steel producers say they’re getting hurt shafted by AND alloy market, which has a number of applications in aerospace and defense.
The plan causes Cuba to abandon its nickel contracts with China Sagebien 9 (Julia and Paolo and Spadoni, Sagebien, Associate Professor – School of Business at Dalhouise University, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow – Center for Inter-American Policy and Research at Tulane University, “OH, CANADA, WILL CUBA STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE? PREPARING FOR THE END OF THE U.S. EMBARGO ON CUBA”, Ivey Business Journal, September/October 2009) Cubans will not be loyal to established suppliers and will bargain for the best deals AND but Canadian suppliers will need to create competitive advantages just like any others.
Most specific evidence proves Jones 88 (G. Kevin, B.S. – Brigham Young University, J.D. – Brigham Young University, L.L.M. in Energy Law – University of Utah, Member – Utah State Bar, Attorney – Office of the Solicitor, “UNITED STATES DEPENDENCE ON IMPORTS OF FOUR STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MINERALS: IMPLICATIONS AND POLICY ALTERNATIVES”, 15 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 217, Winter, Click here to return to the footnote reference.n385 A REPORT ON U. AND was not prevented by the American trade embargo with that country. Id.
That causes a Chinese manufacturing decline – Cuba nickel is key Murray 4 (Mary Murray, Journalist – NBC News, “China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy”, 11-23, www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4) During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed AND Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.
Manufacturing is the major driver for pollution hotspots in China – causes collapse of the Chinese water and food supply Ivanova 13 (Nadya Ivanova, reporter and contributor at Circle of Blue, cites Hu Kanping of the non-profit Chinese Ecological Civilization Research and Promotion Association, “Toxic Water: Across Much of China, Huge Harvests Irrigated with Industrial and Agricultural Runoff,” January 18, 2013, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2013/world/toxic-water-across-much-of-china-huge-harvests-irrigated-with-industrial-and-agricultural-runoff/) Pollution is such a major driver of water scarcity in China that experts have given AND signaling an awakening of both the public and government’s conscience about the environment.
That pollution alone causes Sino/Russia war—also independently causes economic collapse that crushes CCP legitimacy Nankivell 6 (Nathan Nankivell, Senior Researcher at the Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, “China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability,” January 11, 2006, http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/4632)
While unrest presents the most obvious example of a security threat related to pollution, AND threaten stability in one of the most populated and dynamic areas on Earth.
CCP instability results in bioweapon and nuclear use – risks extinction San 5 (San Renxing, The Epoch Times, “The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed”, 8/5/2005, http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html) Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising AND now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.
Pollution-generated political instability means the transition won’t be stable – even if the CCP doesn’t lashout, it still leads to a nuclear civil war and risks extinction Yee 2 (Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002, “The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality,” p5) The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of AND disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
Second is manufacturing –
The steel industry provides the most durable and efficient capital goods for manufacturing — overwhelms alt causes AISI 5 American Iron and Steel Institute, “A Strong U.S. Steel Industry: Critical to Protecting U.S. Infrastructure, Homeland Security and Economic Security, 2005 http://legacy.autosteel.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=HomeandCONTENTID=25324andTEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm As described in an April 2005 report entitled “The Transformation of the North American AND play an increasingly important role in serving our nation’s growing homeland security needs.
Two impacts-
First – manufacturing industry is key to agricultural technology advances and precision farming Lind and Freeman 12 (Michael Lind, policy director of New America’s Economic Growth Program and a co-founder of the New America Foundation, Joshua Freedman, program associate in New America’s Economic Growth Program, “Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future,” New America Foundation, April 2012, http://growth.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Lind,20Michael20and20Freedman,20Joshua20-20NAF20-20Value20Added20America27s20Manufacturing20Future.pdf) Advanced manufacturing is not limited to new, emerging sectors; even manufacturing tied to AND systems, a modern farm equipment brochure looks like a consumer electronics guide.
Two impacts –
Agricultural technology advances solve extinction Trewavas, 2k (Anthony, Professor at the Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh, “GM IS the Best Option We Have”, http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html) In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force AND accepting that technological advance may be the only buffer between us and annihilation.
Efficient and precise farming solves extinction Lugar 2k (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” pg online @ http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html) In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.
Second – manufacturing deters all war and solves the escalation of conflict O’Hanlon 11 (Mackenzie Eaglen, American Enterprise Institute Rebecca Grant, IRIS Research Robert P. Haffa, Haffa Defense Consulting Michael O'Hanlon, The Brookings Institution Peter W. Singer, The Brookings Institution Martin Sullivan, Commonwealth Consulting Barry Watts, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy January 2012,” pg online @ http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon) The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in AND civilian and military export opportunities for the United States in a globalized marketplace.
No defense – collapse of the perception of readiness leads to miscalculation Cooper 7 (Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow and Deputy Director – Alliance for American Manufacturing, “Making it in America”, 4-4, http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/articles/making-it-america) But perhaps greater than the economic disruption in the lives of the workforce and their AND to much of the high standard of living we Americans take for granted.
1ac—Plan Text The United States federal government should offer Cuba the option to trade Cuban nickel to the United States.
Nickel prices posted the biggest quarterly advance since 2010 amid concern that world supplies will AND increased 14 percent, the most since the three months ended September 2010.
Advantage two is Alloys—
Nickel prices high and rising—Russia and Indonesia Javier 3-6-14 Luzi-Ann Javier is a reporter for Bloomberg News, “Nickel Reaches Nine-Month High on Russia, Indonesia Supply Risks,” Bloomberg News, March 6th, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-06/nickel-reaches-nine-month-high-on-russia-indonesia-supply-risks.html Nickel reached a nine-month high amid concern that the U.S. AND , after reaching $15,562, the highest since June 3.
The plan decreases domestic nickel prices --- several internal links ---
First --- transportation costs Coleman 1 (Jonathan R., Project Leader and Presenter – Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/coleman.pdf) Nickel and cobalt. The United States produces no primary nickel and cobalt, while AND Canada (valued at between $55 million and $71 million annually).
Second --- Cuban mining expansion --- the plan’s signal is key USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) The current impact of sanctions is to discourage foreign investment in Cuba by raising the AND projects that would result from access to the U.S. market.
Low nickel prices key to hybrid cars Day 5 (John, Automotive Correspondent – Electronic Design, B.A. – Northeastern University, M.A. in Journalism – Penn State University, “NiMH Batteries Charge Hybrid Vehicles for Now”, Electronic Design, 11-1, http://electronicdesign.com/automotive/nimh-batteries-charge-hybrid-vehicles-now)
Nickel metal hydride (NiMH), the prevailing battery technology for hybrid vehicles, is AND automakers and a potential goldmine for suppliers able to deliver a better solution.
Solves warming NRDC 7 (Natural Resources Defense Council, “The Next Generation of Hybrid Cars: Plug-in Hybrids Can Help Reduce Global Warming and Slash Oil Dependency”, July, https://www.nrdc.org/energy/plugin.pdf)
With today’s persistently high oil prices, Americans are spending more money than ever on AND today, we need to start working on commercializing such technologies right away.
Slowing warming offsets its consequences and enables successful adaptation --- stops extinction Mazo 10 (PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)
The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2 AND adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes.
Prefer an expert consensus Anderegg 10 (William, PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109)
Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of cli- mate scientists indicate striking agreement AND discussions in media, policy, and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.
Transportation is key to solve warming --- comparatively worse than any other sector Burwell 11 (David, Director of the Energy and Climate Program – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “ROAD to RECOVERY: Transforming America’s Transportation”, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/road_to_recovery.pdf, Deech)
U.S. transportation is responsible for a significant share—30 to 85 AND population. Transportation pricing will be necessary to make this shift in behavior.
It’s not inevitable—every increment of C02 is key Matthews and Soloman 4/26 (H. Damon Matthews and Susan Solomon, Associate Professor and 2009/2010 University Research Fellow in the Department of Geography Planning and Environment at Concordia and an atmospheric chemist, working for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 4/26/13, “Irreversible does not mean unavoidable”, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6131/438.full.pdf?keytype=refandsiteid=sciandijkey=X0PL7KHfd92FH6, t.c.) Understanding how decreases in CO2 emissions would affect global temperatures has been hampered in recent AND the same time scale as the political decisions that lead to the reductions.
The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions than they AND back into the deep earth, scientists have fewer records to work with.
Emissions alone cause carbon pump explosions that cause extinction Brandenberg 99 (John E. and Monica Rix Paxon, Physicist Rocket Scientist, Mars expert, Investigator – MET Project, NASA Technical Advisor, Former Member of Space Transport Subcommittee, Writer and Scientific Editor, Dead Mars, Dying Earth, p. 182-183)
Barring earthquakes, meteor strikes, or a vast heating up of the Northern Arctic AND become a re-creation of the Cameroon catastrophe on a planetary scale.
4/5/14
Nickel Aff Hoedown
Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge: Steel Advantage – 1AC
Scenario 1-- Stainless Steel The embargo is ineffective now --- but only lifting it over nickel saves US metals producers from Chinese competition CS 10 (Cuba Standard, “U.S. steel group uses embargo to hammer China”, 5-14, http://www.cubastandard.com/2010/05/14/u-s-steel-group-uses-embargo-to-hammer-china/) In written testimony during a House Ways and Means Committee hearing Thursday, a U AND , something SSINA’s doesn’t even whisper as a possible solution to its issues.”
U.S. stainless steel producers say they’re getting shafted by an embargo that AND alloy market, which has a number of applications in aerospace and defense.
Stainless steel production is key to future desalination technologies – prevents imminent water scarcity ISSF, 10 (International Stainless Steel Forum, subsidiary of the World Steel Organization, the consortium of companies that produces 80 of the world’s stainless steel, compiled by the CEOs of 18 of the largest steel production and research facilities in the world, “Desalination in Stainless Steel: A sustainable solution for the purification of salt water”, World Stainless, 2010, http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/ISSF_Desalination_in_Stainless_Steel.pdf) Current efforts to make our world more sustainable are increas- ingly focussed on the AND should be utilised wherever cor- rosion resistance and durability are key requirements.
Extinction Bell 9 (Alexander, Research Associate – David Livingstone Centre for Sustainability, Former BBC Presenter and Correspondent, Policy Head – Scottish Nationalist Party, “Peak Water: Civilization and the World’s Water Crisis”, November, pg. 208)
The idea of a water war has become commonplace. It may happen like the AND certainly it will mean the end of civilization as we currently know it. Water wars draw in great powers and go nuclear Weiner 90 (Professor – Princeton, “The Next 100 Years”, pg. 270)
If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H- AND at the 60.000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity.
Scenario 2 is China -
Only the plan averts a steel industry collapse --- China’s displacing it now Miller 13 (John W., Mining and Metals Correspondent – Wall Street Journal, and Chuin-Wei Yap, Resources Correspondent – Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires, “U.S. Icons Now Made Of Chinese Steel --- Imports Surge While U.S. Mills Idle; Lacking Bridge Expertise at Home”, Wall Street Journal, 6-20, Proquest)
The reason is partly because Chinese-made steel is cheaper. In fact, AND and found that prices for Chinese-made steel were 25 lower.
The plan collapses Chinese manufacturing Murray 4 (Mary Murray, Journalist – NBC News, “China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy”, 11-23, www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4)
During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed AND Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.
And-- It independently prevents Chinese military modernization Reed 12 (John Reed, “China Caught the U.S. in Manufacturing, High-Tech Weapons Might Be Next”, Defense Tech, 6-29, http://defensetech.org/2012/06/29/china-caught-the-u-s-in-education-and-manufacturing-high-tech-weapons-are-next/) It’s no secret that China (and many other nations) are catching up with AND investment in engineering and scientific knowledge toward producing high-end military gear.
The PLA also designed its modernization program to prepare for several contingencies. Open- AND also ensure that allies are not selling sensitive military technology to the PLA.
Taiwan war goes nuclear Glaser 11 (Charles, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs – George Washington University, Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies – School of International Affairs at George Washington University, “Will China's Rise Lead to War?: Why Realism Does Not Mean Pessimism”, Foreign Affairs, March/April, Lexis) ACCOMMODATION ON TAIWAN? THE PROSPECTS for avoiding intense military competition and war may be AND military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.
Scenario 3 is the economy –
A strong domestic steel industry is the lynchpin of economic competitiveness—also key to renewables. Goodman 11 (Peter S., Business Editor – Huffington Post, “American Steel Blames China for Sagging Fortunes”, Huffington Post, 1-10, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/10/american-steel-blames-china_n_806112.html) THE CASE FOR AMERICAN STEEL At first blush, steel seems a different proposition. It is capital intensive-- AND raw materials, such as iron ore and energy, at subsidized prices.
Lastly, American economic weakness undercuts U.S. leadership abroad. Other countries AND regions will likely become less stable. Major war will become more likely. And Independently, Renewables solve warming Rigg 11 (Kelly, Executive Director – Global Call for Climate Action, Former Senior Campaign Director – Greenpeace, “IPCC Report: Renewable Energy Key to Solving Climate Change”, Huffington Post, 5-9, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kelly-rigg/ipcc-report-renewable-ene_b_859426.html)
A new IPCC report is hot off the press this time focused on the potential AND other obstacles to downplay the revolutionary message that shines through the study's conclusions.
Indonesian ban may spur demand¶ Much of that positivity stems from the expectation that AND Metal Exchange nickel is currently selling for $14,320 per MT.
The plan decreases domestic nickel prices --- several internal links ---
First --- transportation costs Coleman 1 (Jonathan R., Project Leader and Presenter – Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/coleman.pdf) Nickel and cobalt. The United States produces no primary nickel and cobalt, while AND Canada (valued at between $55 million and $71 million annually).
Second --- Cuban mining expansion --- the plan’s signal is key USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) The current impact of sanctions is to discourage foreign investment in Cuba by raising the AND projects that would result from access to the U.S. market.
Third --- price shocks --- only expanding trade with Cuba buffers them USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) In the absence of sanctions, there is likely to be a partial reorientation of AND additional supply source would be welcomed by U.S. buyers.86
2 impact scenarios – first is airpower –
Low nickel alloys prices key to effective aircraft engines INSG 13 (International Nickel Study Group, “Nickel-Based Super Alloys”, SECRETARIAT BRIEFING PAPER, No. 20, April 2013, http://www.insg.org/5Cdocs5CINSG_Insight_20_Nickel_Alloys_2013.pdf) ¶ According to the Nickel Institute, the term “super alloy” is applied AND marine, chemical processing, oil and gas, aerospace and military industries.
And --- cheaper aircraft engines are also key to the F35 --- price increases cause program shutdown Reuters 13 (“Pentagon, United Technology agree on F-35 engines”, 8-27, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/27/us-usa-military-unitedtechnologies-idUSBRE97Q0KX20130827) ¶ (Reuters) - The Pentagon on Tuesday announced it had reached agreement with AND Chris Bogdan, the Pentagon official who runs the F-35 program.
The F-35 is the Department of Defense`s largest acquisition program, AND an informed decision on how to, and whether to proceed with STOVL.
US airpower prevents Korean conflict Bechtol 5 (Bruce is an assistant professor of national security studies at Air Command and staff college, “The Future of U.S. airpower on the Korean Peninsula,” September 1st) http://www.airp ower.maxwell.a f.mil/air chronicles/apj/apj05/fal05/bechtol.html#bechtol
US military support to the Republic of Korea (ROK) remains critical to peace AND a rapidly evolving region, this is unlikely to change in the future. Korean crisis causes thermonuclear World War STRATFOR 10 (International Think Tank, “North Korea, South Korea: The Military Balance on the Peninsula”, 5-26, http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/20100526_north_korea_south_korea_military_balance_peninsula)
So the real issue is the potential for escalation — or an accident that could AND tested in the way they might be if the situation escalates much further.
Scenario 2 is tetrataenite –
Low prices are key to develop tetrataenite Piesing 13 – Journalist and Professor at Oxford (Mark, “Rare-earth mineral substitutes could defeat Chinese stranglehold,” Wired, 7/31/13, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/31/race-for-rare-earth-minerals) "Our results are highly preliminary but we have found signatures of layering in the AND as substitute comes down to the usual trade off between price and performance.
In the past four years, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider have accomplished unprecedented AND accelerator coil. If scientists took these steps, niobium tin would shatter.¶
Accelerators stop nuclear testing ? Monitoring arms control ? Maintaining stockpile stewardship Henning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Accelerators for America’s Future”, June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf)
From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the AND eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production.
Global nuclear war --- and causes space militarization and bioweapons use Johnson 1 (Rebecca, Executive Director – Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, The Guardian, 7-17, Lexis)
Then the international arms control and non- proliferation regimes collapsed. Americans weren't bothered AND and grumbling won't keep us safe. It is time to speak out.
The embargo is ineffective now – only lifting it over nickel saves US metals producers from Chinese competition CS 10 (Cuba Standard, “U.S. steel group uses embargo to hammer China”, 5-14, http://www.cubastandard.com/2010/05/14/u-s-steel-group-uses-embargo-to-hammer-china/) In written testimony during a House Ways and Means Committee hearing Thursday, a U AND , something SSINA’s doesn’t even whisper as a possible solution to its issues.”
Scenario one is China –
The plan causes Cuba to abandon its nickel contracts with China Sagebien 9 (Julia and Paolo and Spadoni, Sagebien, Associate Professor – School of Business at Dalhouise University, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow – Center for Inter-American Policy and Research at Tulane University, “OH, CANADA, WILL CUBA STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE? PREPARING FOR THE END OF THE U.S. EMBARGO ON CUBA”, Ivey Business Journal, September/October 2009) Cubans will not be loyal to established suppliers and will bargain for the best deals AND but Canadian suppliers will need to create competitive advantages just like any others.
Most specific evidence proves Jones 88 (G. Kevin, B.S. – Brigham Young University, J.D. – Brigham Young University, L.L.M. in Energy Law – University of Utah, Member – Utah State Bar, Attorney – Office of the Solicitor, “UNITED STATES DEPENDENCE ON IMPORTS OF FOUR STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MINERALS: IMPLICATIONS AND POLICY ALTERNATIVES”, 15 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 217, Winter, Click here to return to the footnote reference.n385 A REPORT ON U. AND was not prevented by the American trade embargo with that country. Id.
That causes a Chinese manufacturing decline – Cuba nickel is key Murray 4 (Mary Murray, Journalist – NBC News, “China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy”, 11-23, www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4) During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed AND Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.
Manufacturing is the major driver for pollution hotspots in China – causes collapse of the Chinese water and food supply Ivanova 13 (Nadya Ivanova, reporter and contributor at Circle of Blue, cites Hu Kanping of the non-profit Chinese Ecological Civilization Research and Promotion Association, “Toxic Water: Across Much of China, Huge Harvests Irrigated with Industrial and Agricultural Runoff,” January 18, 2013, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2013/world/toxic-water-across-much-of-china-huge-harvests-irrigated-with-industrial-and-agricultural-runoff/) Pollution is such a major driver of water scarcity in China that experts have given AND signaling an awakening of both the public and government’s conscience about the environment.
Unchecked Chinese pollution collapses the CCP and kills China’s economy Economy 7 (Elizabeth, Senior Fellow and Director for Asian Studies – Council on Foreign Relations, “The Great Leap Backward?”, Foreign Affairs, September/October, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/great-leap-backward) In the view of China's leaders, however, damage to the environment itself is AND international community and Chinese NGOs for their expertise while carefully monitoring their activities.
CCP instability results in bioweapon and nuclear use – risks extinction San 5 (San Renxing, The Epoch Times, “The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed”, 8/5/2005, http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html) Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising AND now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.
Pollution-generated political instability means the transition won’t be stable – even if the CCP doesn’t lashout, it still leads to a nuclear civil war and risks extinction Yee 2 (Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002, “The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality,” p5) The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of AND disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
Second is manufacturing –
Two internal links –
First is employment – the steel industry provides employees for manufacturing Ayres et al 11 (Robert Ayres, Professor Emeritus, INSEAD, trained as a physicist at the University of Chicago with a focus on economics and originated the concept of industrial ecology, PhD in Mathematical Physics, former Professor of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie-Mellon University, Cornis van der Lugt, Cornis van der Lugt, Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Corporate Governance in Africa, PhD in International Relations, Executive MBA from Haute Ecole de Commerce,"Manufacturing: Investing in energy and resource efficiency", www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/ger/7.0_Manufacturing.pdf) If anything, the recent financial crisis highlighted a broader shift in the location of AND 20-25 per cent of global employment in manufacturing (ILO 2010)
Second is materials – the steel industry provides the most durable and efficient capital goods for manufacturing — overwhelms alt causes AISI 5 American Iron and Steel Institute, “A Strong U.S. Steel Industry: Critical to Protecting U.S. Infrastructure, Homeland Security and Economic Security, 2005 http://legacy.autosteel.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=HomeandCONTENTID=25324andTEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm As described in an April 2005 report entitled “The Transformation of the North American AND play an increasingly important role in serving our nation’s growing homeland security needs.
The brink is now Graham 13 (Jordan, Correspondent – Boston Herald, Citing MIT Study, “MIT study: U.S. needs to step up manufacturing”, Boston Herald, 2013, http://bostonherald.com/business/business_markets/2013/09/mit_study_us_needs_to_step_up_manufacturing) The nation’s booming innovation economy is in danger of losing steam and moving overseas unless AND policy, said in a panel discussion after the release of the report.
Four impacts –
First – manufacturing solves disease – it’s key to medical industry efficiency as well as early detection Lind and Freeman 12 (Michael Lind, policy director of New America’s Economic Growth Program and a co-founder of the New America Foundation, Joshua Freedman, program associate in New America’s Economic Growth Program, “Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future,” New America Foundation, April 2012, http://growth.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Lind,20Michael20and20Freedman,20Joshua20-20NAF20-20Value20Added20America27s20Manufacturing20Future.pdf) Advanced manufacturing and increasingly sophisticated software, however, may change the medical profession into AND personalized medicine—the tailoring of pharmaceuticals and other medical products to individuals.
Extinction Darling 12 (Astrobiologist Dirk Schulze-Makuch and British astronomer David Darling, Seattle's Big Blog, “9 Strange Ways the World Really Might End,” http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2012/03/18/9-strange-ways-the-world-really-might-end/?fb_xd_fragment, Washington State University) Our body is in constant competition with a dizzying array of viruses, bacteria, AND marsupial in Australia) the very survival of our species could be threatened.
Second – manufacturing industry is key to agricultural technology advances and precision farming Lind and Freeman 12 (Michael Lind, policy director of New America’s Economic Growth Program and a co-founder of the New America Foundation, Joshua Freedman, program associate in New America’s Economic Growth Program, “Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future,” New America Foundation, April 2012, http://growth.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Lind,20Michael20and20Freedman,20Joshua20-20NAF20-20Value20Added20America27s20Manufacturing20Future.pdf) Advanced manufacturing is not limited to new, emerging sectors; even manufacturing tied to AND systems, a modern farm equipment brochure looks like a consumer electronics guide.
Two impacts –
Agricultural technology advances solve extinction Trewavas, 2k (Anthony, Professor at the Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh, “GM IS the Best Option We Have”, http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html) In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force AND accepting that technological advance may be the only buffer between us and annihilation.
Efficient and precise farming solves extinction Lugar 2k (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” pg online @ http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html) In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.
Third – deterrence – manufacturing deters all war and solves the escalation of conflict O’Hanlon 11 (Mackenzie Eaglen, American Enterprise Institute Rebecca Grant, IRIS Research Robert P. Haffa, Haffa Defense Consulting Michael O'Hanlon, The Brookings Institution Peter W. Singer, The Brookings Institution Martin Sullivan, Commonwealth Consulting Barry Watts, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy January 2012,” pg online @ http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon) The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in AND civilian and military export opportunities for the United States in a globalized marketplace.
Multiple hotspots make our manufacturing base key – these go nuclear Watts 8 (Barry D., Senior Fellow – The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, “The US Defense Industrial Base, Past, Present and Future,” CBA, http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20081015._The_US_Defense_In/R.20081015._The_US_Defense_In.pdf) Since the 1950s, the US defense industrial base has been a source of long AND term advantage in the decades ahead as it has been since the 1950s.
No defense – collapse of the perception of readiness leads to miscalculation Cooper 7 (Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow and Deputy Director – Alliance for American Manufacturing, “Making it in America”, 4-4, http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/articles/making-it-america) But perhaps greater than the economic disruption in the lives of the workforce and their AND to much of the high standard of living we Americans take for granted.
1ac—Plan Text
The United States Federal Government should offer Cuba the option to trade Cuban nickel to the United States.
1ac—Alloys
Advantage two is Alloys —
Nickel prices up now – Indonesia export ban Javier 2-19-14 Luzi-Ann Javier is a reporter for Bloomberg News, “Nickel Rises to Three-Week High on Indonesia Ore-Supply Concerns,” Bloomberg, February 19th, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-19/nickel-reaches-three-week-high-on-buying-to-close-bearish-bets.html Nickel prices climbed to a three-week high on speculation that a global surplus AND climbed for the fourth straight session, the longest rally in four weeks.
The plan decreases domestic nickel prices – several internal links –
First – transportation costs Coleman 1 (Jonathan R., Project Leader and Presenter – Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/coleman.pdf) Nickel and cobalt. The United States produces no primary nickel and cobalt, while AND Canada (valued at between $55 million and $71 million annually).
Second – Cuban mining expansion – the plan’s signal is key USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) The current impact of sanctions is to discourage foreign investment in Cuba by raising the AND projects that would result from access to the U.S. market.
Third – price shocks – only expanding trade with Cuba buffers them USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) In the absence of sanctions, there is likely to be a partial reorientation of AND additional supply source would be welcomed by U.S. buyers.86
Low nickel prices are key to supermagnets Piesing 13 (Mark, Journalist and Professor at Oxford, “Rare-earth mineral substitutes could defeat Chinese stranglehold,” Wired, 7/31/13, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/31/race-for-rare-earth-minerals) "Our results are highly preliminary but we have found signatures of layering in the AND as substitute comes down to the usual trade off between price and performance.
Nickel is key – alternatives will inevitably run out LeVine 10 (Steve, Writer – Foreign Policy, “Is It a Clean Energy Trade War Yet? China Cuts Off U.S. Rare Earth Supply”, The Oil and Glory Blog – Foreign Policy Magazine, 10-19, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/20 10/10/19/is_it_a_clean_energy_trade_war_yet_china_cuts_off_rare_earth_shipments_to_the_us) A few days ago, the United States responded to a United Steelworkers suit by AND , and Kazakhstan, but bringing such projects to fruition can take years.
Supermagnets are key to maintaining effective particle accelerators – there are no alternatives Izlar 13 (Kelly, B.S. in applied physics, “Future LHC super-magnets pass muster,” Symmetry Magazine, 7/11/13, http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/july-2013/future-lhc-super-magnets-pass-muster) In the past four years, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider have accomplished unprecedented AND accelerator coil. If scientists took these steps, niobium tin would shatter.¶
Accelerators key to stockpile stewardship Henning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Accelerators for America’s Future”, June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf) From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the AND eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production.
Weak stockpile stewardship causes miscalc and collapses deterrence – escalates to WMD warfare Caves 10 (John P., Senior Research Fellow – Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction at the National Defense University, “Avoiding a Crisis of Confidence in the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent”, January, No. 252, pg. 1, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ada514285) Perceptions of a compromised U.S. nuclear deterrent as described above would have AND explosive power of warheads that could be delivered by a ballistic missile. 11
The embargo is ineffective now – only lifting it over nickel saves US metals producers from Chinese competition CS 10 (Cuba Standard, “U.S. steel group uses embargo to hammer China”, 5-14, http://www.cubastandard.com/2010/05/14/u-s-steel-group-uses-embargo-to-hammer-china/) In written testimony during a House Ways and Means Committee hearing Thursday, a U AND , something SSINA’s doesn’t even whisper as a possible solution to its issues.”
Scenario one is China –
The plan causes Cuba to abandon its nickel contracts with China Sagebien 9 (Julia and Paolo and Spadoni, Sagebien, Associate Professor – School of Business at Dalhouise University, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow – Center for Inter-American Policy and Research at Tulane University, “OH, CANADA, WILL CUBA STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE? PREPARING FOR THE END OF THE U.S. EMBARGO ON CUBA”, Ivey Business Journal, September/October 2009) Cubans will not be loyal to established suppliers and will bargain for the best deals AND but Canadian suppliers will need to create competitive advantages just like any others.
Most specific evidence proves Jones 88 (G. Kevin, B.S. – Brigham Young University, J.D. – Brigham Young University, L.L.M. in Energy Law – University of Utah, Member – Utah State Bar, Attorney – Office of the Solicitor, “UNITED STATES DEPENDENCE ON IMPORTS OF FOUR STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MINERALS: IMPLICATIONS AND POLICY ALTERNATIVES”, 15 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 217, Winter, Click here to return to the footnote reference.n385 A REPORT ON U. AND was not prevented by the American trade embargo with that country. Id.
That causes a Chinese manufacturing decline – Cuba nickel is key Murray 4 (Mary Murray, Journalist – NBC News, “China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy”, 11-23, www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4) During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed AND Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.
Manufacturing is the major driver for pollution hotspots in China – causes collapse of the Chinese water and food supply Ivanova 13 (Nadya Ivanova, reporter and contributor at Circle of Blue, cites Hu Kanping of the non-profit Chinese Ecological Civilization Research and Promotion Association, “Toxic Water: Across Much of China, Huge Harvests Irrigated with Industrial and Agricultural Runoff,” January 18, 2013, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2013/world/toxic-water-across-much-of-china-huge-harvests-irrigated-with-industrial-and-agricultural-runoff/) Pollution is such a major driver of water scarcity in China that experts have given AND signaling an awakening of both the public and government’s conscience about the environment.
Unchecked Chinese pollution collapses the CCP and kills China’s economy Economy 7 (Elizabeth, Senior Fellow and Director for Asian Studies – Council on Foreign Relations, “The Great Leap Backward?”, Foreign Affairs, September/October, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/great-leap-backward) In the view of China's leaders, however, damage to the environment itself is AND international community and Chinese NGOs for their expertise while carefully monitoring their activities.
CCP instability results in bioweapon and nuclear use – risks extinction San 5 (San Renxing, The Epoch Times, “The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed”, 8/5/2005, http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html) Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising AND now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.
Pollution-generated political instability means the transition won’t be stable – even if the CCP doesn’t lashout, it still leads to a nuclear civil war and risks extinction Yee 2 (Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002, “The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality,” p5) The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of AND disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
Second is manufacturing –
Two internal links –
First is employment – the steel industry provides employees for manufacturing Ayres et al 11 (Robert Ayres, Professor Emeritus, INSEAD, trained as a physicist at the University of Chicago with a focus on economics and originated the concept of industrial ecology, PhD in Mathematical Physics, former Professor of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie-Mellon University, Cornis van der Lugt, Cornis van der Lugt, Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Corporate Governance in Africa, PhD in International Relations, Executive MBA from Haute Ecole de Commerce,"Manufacturing: Investing in energy and resource efficiency", www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/ger/7.0_Manufacturing.pdf) If anything, the recent financial crisis highlighted a broader shift in the location of AND 20-25 per cent of global employment in manufacturing (ILO 2010)
Second is materials – the steel industry provides the most durable and efficient capital goods for manufacturing — overwhelms alt causes AISI 5 American Iron and Steel Institute, “A Strong U.S. Steel Industry: Critical to Protecting U.S. Infrastructure, Homeland Security and Economic Security, 2005 http://legacy.autosteel.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=HomeandCONTENTID=25324andTEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm As described in an April 2005 report entitled “The Transformation of the North American AND play an increasingly important role in serving our nation’s growing homeland security needs.
The brink is now Graham 13 (Jordan, Correspondent – Boston Herald, Citing MIT Study, “MIT study: U.S. needs to step up manufacturing”, Boston Herald, 2013, http://bostonherald.com/business/business_markets/2013/09/mit_study_us_needs_to_step_up_manufacturing) The nation’s booming innovation economy is in danger of losing steam and moving overseas unless AND policy, said in a panel discussion after the release of the report.
Four impacts –
First – manufacturing solves disease – it’s key to medical industry efficiency as well as early detection Lind and Freeman 12 (Michael Lind, policy director of New America’s Economic Growth Program and a co-founder of the New America Foundation, Joshua Freedman, program associate in New America’s Economic Growth Program, “Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future,” New America Foundation, April 2012, http://growth.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Lind,20Michael20and20Freedman,20Joshua20-20NAF20-20Value20Added20America27s20Manufacturing20Future.pdf) Advanced manufacturing and increasingly sophisticated software, however, may change the medical profession into AND personalized medicine—the tailoring of pharmaceuticals and other medical products to individuals.
Extinction Darling 12 (Astrobiologist Dirk Schulze-Makuch and British astronomer David Darling, Seattle's Big Blog, “9 Strange Ways the World Really Might End,” http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2012/03/18/9-strange-ways-the-world-really-might-end/?fb_xd_fragment, Washington State University) Our body is in constant competition with a dizzying array of viruses, bacteria, AND marsupial in Australia) the very survival of our species could be threatened.
Second – manufacturing industry is key to agricultural technology advances and precision farming Lind and Freeman 12 (Michael Lind, policy director of New America’s Economic Growth Program and a co-founder of the New America Foundation, Joshua Freedman, program associate in New America’s Economic Growth Program, “Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future,” New America Foundation, April 2012, http://growth.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Lind,20Michael20and20Freedman,20Joshua20-20NAF20-20Value20Added20America27s20Manufacturing20Future.pdf) Advanced manufacturing is not limited to new, emerging sectors; even manufacturing tied to AND systems, a modern farm equipment brochure looks like a consumer electronics guide.
Two impacts –
Agricultural technology advances solve extinction Trewavas, 2k (Anthony, Professor at the Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh, “GM IS the Best Option We Have”, http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html) In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force AND accepting that technological advance may be the only buffer between us and annihilation.
Efficient and precise farming solves extinction Lugar 2k (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” pg online @ http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html) In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.
Third – deterrence – manufacturing deters all war and solves the escalation of conflict O’Hanlon 11 (Mackenzie Eaglen, American Enterprise Institute Rebecca Grant, IRIS Research Robert P. Haffa, Haffa Defense Consulting Michael O'Hanlon, The Brookings Institution Peter W. Singer, The Brookings Institution Martin Sullivan, Commonwealth Consulting Barry Watts, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy January 2012,” pg online @ http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon) The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in AND civilian and military export opportunities for the United States in a globalized marketplace.
Multiple hotspots make our manufacturing base key – these go nuclear Watts 8 (Barry D., Senior Fellow – The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, “The US Defense Industrial Base, Past, Present and Future,” CBA, http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20081015._The_US_Defense_In/R.20081015._The_US_Defense_In.pdf) Since the 1950s, the US defense industrial base has been a source of long AND term advantage in the decades ahead as it has been since the 1950s.
No defense – collapse of the perception of readiness leads to miscalculation Cooper 7 (Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow and Deputy Director – Alliance for American Manufacturing, “Making it in America”, 4-4, http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/articles/making-it-america) But perhaps greater than the economic disruption in the lives of the workforce and their AND to much of the high standard of living we Americans take for granted.
1ac—Plan Text
The United States Federal Government should offer Cuba the option to trade Cuban nickel to the United States.
1ac—Alloys
Advantage two is Alloys —
Nickel prices up now – Indonesia export ban Javier 2-19-14 Luzi-Ann Javier is a reporter for Bloomberg News, “Nickel Rises to Three-Week High on Indonesia Ore-Supply Concerns,” Bloomberg, February 19th, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-19/nickel-reaches-three-week-high-on-buying-to-close-bearish-bets.html Nickel prices climbed to a three-week high on speculation that a global surplus AND climbed for the fourth straight session, the longest rally in four weeks.
The plan decreases domestic nickel prices – several internal links –
First – transportation costs Coleman 1 (Jonathan R., Project Leader and Presenter – Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/coleman.pdf) Nickel and cobalt. The United States produces no primary nickel and cobalt, while AND Canada (valued at between $55 million and $71 million annually).
Second – Cuban mining expansion – the plan’s signal is key USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) The current impact of sanctions is to discourage foreign investment in Cuba by raising the AND projects that would result from access to the U.S. market.
Third – price shocks – only expanding trade with Cuba buffers them USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) In the absence of sanctions, there is likely to be a partial reorientation of AND additional supply source would be welcomed by U.S. buyers.86
Low nickel prices are key to supermagnets Piesing 13 (Mark, Journalist and Professor at Oxford, “Rare-earth mineral substitutes could defeat Chinese stranglehold,” Wired, 7/31/13, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/31/race-for-rare-earth-minerals) "Our results are highly preliminary but we have found signatures of layering in the AND as substitute comes down to the usual trade off between price and performance.
Nickel is key – alternatives will inevitably run out LeVine 10 (Steve, Writer – Foreign Policy, “Is It a Clean Energy Trade War Yet? China Cuts Off U.S. Rare Earth Supply”, The Oil and Glory Blog – Foreign Policy Magazine, 10-19, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/20 10/10/19/is_it_a_clean_energy_trade_war_yet_china_cuts_off_rare_earth_shipments_to_the_us) A few days ago, the United States responded to a United Steelworkers suit by AND , and Kazakhstan, but bringing such projects to fruition can take years.
Supermagnets are key to maintaining effective particle accelerators – there are no alternatives Izlar 13 (Kelly, B.S. in applied physics, “Future LHC super-magnets pass muster,” Symmetry Magazine, 7/11/13, http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/july-2013/future-lhc-super-magnets-pass-muster) In the past four years, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider have accomplished unprecedented AND accelerator coil. If scientists took these steps, niobium tin would shatter.¶
Accelerators key to stockpile stewardship Henning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Accelerators for America’s Future”, June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf) From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the AND eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production.
Weak stockpile stewardship causes miscalc and collapses deterrence – escalates to WMD warfare Caves 10 (John P., Senior Research Fellow – Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction at the National Defense University, “Avoiding a Crisis of Confidence in the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent”, January, No. 252, pg. 1, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ada514285) Perceptions of a compromised U.S. nuclear deterrent as described above would have AND explosive power of warheads that could be delivered by a ballistic missile. 11
2/22/14
Nickel Aff JV State RD 1
Tournament: JV State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lane Tech PV | Judge: Darrell George 1ac-- Steel China’s nickel supply is decreasing --- they need to shift to Cuba now Mining Report 14 (The Mining Report, "Royal Nickel Corp: Indonesian ore export ban opens door to the next generation of nickel mines", 2/13/14, www.mining.com/web/royal-nickel-corp-indonesian-ore-export-ban-opens-door-to-the-next-generation-of-nickel-mines/)
TMR: Is the ore for the Chinese NPI producers mostly from Indonesia? MS AND 1.4 nickel saprolite is not a high-margin business.
Allowing US/Cuba nickel trade would undercut China’s nickel supply Cuba News 10 (“SSINA: Chinese steel tests embargo”, September, http://www.luxner.com/cgi-bin/view_article.cgi?articleID=1924) *We do not endorse the use of gendered language in this evidence
U.S. stainless steel producers say they’re getting hurt shafted by AND alloy market, which has a number of applications in aerospace and defense.
The plan causes Cuba to abandon its nickel contracts with China Sagebien 9 (Julia and Paolo and Spadoni, Sagebien, Associate Professor – School of Business at Dalhouise University, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow – Center for Inter-American Policy and Research at Tulane University, “OH, CANADA, WILL CUBA STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE? PREPARING FOR THE END OF THE U.S. EMBARGO ON CUBA”, Ivey Business Journal, September/October 2009) Cubans will not be loyal to established suppliers and will bargain for the best deals AND but Canadian suppliers will need to create competitive advantages just like any others.
Most specific evidence proves Jones 88 (G. Kevin, B.S. – Brigham Young University, J.D. – Brigham Young University, L.L.M. in Energy Law – University of Utah, Member – Utah State Bar, Attorney – Office of the Solicitor, “UNITED STATES DEPENDENCE ON IMPORTS OF FOUR STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MINERALS: IMPLICATIONS AND POLICY ALTERNATIVES”, 15 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 217, Winter, Click here to return to the footnote reference.n385 A REPORT ON U. AND was not prevented by the American trade embargo with that country. Id.
That causes a Chinese manufacturing decline – Cuba nickel is key Murray 4 (Mary Murray, Journalist – NBC News, “China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy”, 11-23, www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4) During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed AND Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.
Manufacturing is the major driver for pollution hotspots in China – causes collapse of the Chinese water and food supply Ivanova 13 (Nadya Ivanova, reporter and contributor at Circle of Blue, cites Hu Kanping of the non-profit Chinese Ecological Civilization Research and Promotion Association, “Toxic Water: Across Much of China, Huge Harvests Irrigated with Industrial and Agricultural Runoff,” January 18, 2013, http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2013/world/toxic-water-across-much-of-china-huge-harvests-irrigated-with-industrial-and-agricultural-runoff/) Pollution is such a major driver of water scarcity in China that experts have given AND signaling an awakening of both the public and government’s conscience about the environment.
That pollution alone causes Sino/Russia war—also independently causes economic collapse that crushes CCP legitimacy Nankivell 6 (Nathan Nankivell, Senior Researcher at the Office of the Special Advisor Policy, Maritime Forces Pacific Headquarters, Canadian Department of National Defence, “China's Pollution and the Threat to Domestic and Regional Stability,” January 11, 2006, http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/4632)
While unrest presents the most obvious example of a security threat related to pollution, AND threaten stability in one of the most populated and dynamic areas on Earth.
CCP instability results in bioweapon and nuclear use – risks extinction San 5 (San Renxing, The Epoch Times, “The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed”, 8/5/2005, http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html) Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising AND now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.
Pollution-generated political instability means the transition won’t be stable – even if the CCP doesn’t lashout, it still leads to a nuclear civil war and risks extinction Yee 2 (Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002, “The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality,” p5) The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of AND disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
Rampant pollution in China is equivalent to a nuclear winter and leads to economic collapse Kaiman 14 (Jonathan Kaiman, Beijing Correspondent from the Guardian News and Media, B.A. in Chinese from Vassar College, former Fulbright Fellow at the U.S. Department of State and researched Chinese culture, 2/25/14, The Guardian, "China's toxic air pollution resembles nuclear winter, say scientists", www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/china-toxic-air-pollution-nuclear-winter-scientists)
Chinese scientists have warned that the country's toxic air pollution is now so bad that AND schools, shutting some factories, and restricting the use of government cars.
Second is manufacturing –
The steel industry provides the most durable and efficient capital goods for manufacturing — overwhelms alt causes AISI 5 American Iron and Steel Institute, “A Strong U.S. Steel Industry: Critical to Protecting U.S. Infrastructure, Homeland Security and Economic Security, 2005 http://legacy.autosteel.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=HomeandCONTENTID=25324andTEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm As described in an April 2005 report entitled “The Transformation of the North American AND play an increasingly important role in serving our nation’s growing homeland security needs.
The brink is now Graham 13 (Jordan, Correspondent – Boston Herald, Citing MIT Study, “MIT study: U.S. needs to step up manufacturing”, Boston Herald, 2013, http://bostonherald.com/business/business_markets/2013/09/mit_study_us_needs_to_step_up_manufacturing) The nation’s booming innovation economy is in danger of losing steam and moving overseas unless AND policy, said in a panel discussion after the release of the report.
Two impacts-
First – manufacturing industry is key to agricultural technology advances and precision farming Lind and Freeman 12 (Michael Lind, policy director of New America’s Economic Growth Program and a co-founder of the New America Foundation, Joshua Freedman, program associate in New America’s Economic Growth Program, “Value Added: America’s Manufacturing Future,” New America Foundation, April 2012, http://growth.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/Lind,20Michael20and20Freedman,20Joshua20-20NAF20-20Value20Added20America27s20Manufacturing20Future.pdf) Advanced manufacturing is not limited to new, emerging sectors; even manufacturing tied to AND systems, a modern farm equipment brochure looks like a consumer electronics guide.
Two impacts –
Agricultural technology advances solve extinction Trewavas, 2k (Anthony, Professor at the Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh, “GM IS the Best Option We Have”, http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html) In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force AND accepting that technological advance may be the only buffer between us and annihilation.
Efficient and precise farming solves extinction Lugar 2k (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” pg online @ http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html) In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.
Second – manufacturing deters all war and solves the escalation of conflict O’Hanlon 11 (Mackenzie Eaglen, American Enterprise Institute Rebecca Grant, IRIS Research Robert P. Haffa, Haffa Defense Consulting Michael O'Hanlon, The Brookings Institution Peter W. Singer, The Brookings Institution Martin Sullivan, Commonwealth Consulting Barry Watts, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy January 2012,” pg online @ http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon) The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in AND civilian and military export opportunities for the United States in a globalized marketplace.
No defense – collapse of the perception of readiness leads to miscalculation Cooper 7 (Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow and Deputy Director – Alliance for American Manufacturing, “Making it in America”, 4-4, http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/articles/making-it-america) But perhaps greater than the economic disruption in the lives of the workforce and their AND to much of the high standard of living we Americans take for granted.
1ac—Plan Text
The United States federal government should offer Cuba the option to trade Cuban nickel to the United States.
1ac—Alloys
Advantage two is Alloys —
Nickel Prices high and here to stay—Russia and Indonesia Roy 3-12-14 Debarati Roy, Bloomberg news reporter, “Nickel Gains for Third Day on Russia-Supply Disruption Concern,” Bloomberg, March 12th, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-12/nickel-gains-for-third-day-on-russia-supply-disruption-concern.html Nickel advanced for the third straight dayon concern that more sanctions will be imposed against AND Bloomberg Industries data show. Indonesia is the biggest source of mined metal.
The plan decreases domestic nickel prices – several internal links –
First – transportation costs Coleman 1 (Jonathan R., Project Leader and Presenter – Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/coleman.pdf) Nickel and cobalt. The United States produces no primary nickel and cobalt, while AND Canada (valued at between $55 million and $71 million annually).
Second – Cuban mining expansion – the plan’s signal is key USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) The current impact of sanctions is to discourage foreign investment in Cuba by raising the AND projects that would result from access to the U.S. market.
Third – price shocks – only expanding trade with Cuba buffers them USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) In the absence of sanctions, there is likely to be a partial reorientation of AND additional supply source would be welcomed by U.S. buyers.86
Low nickel prices are key to supermagnets Piesing 13 (Mark, Journalist and Professor at Oxford, “Rare-earth mineral substitutes could defeat Chinese stranglehold,” Wired, 7/31/13, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/31/race-for-rare-earth-minerals) "Our results are highly preliminary but we have found signatures of layering in the AND as substitute comes down to the usual trade off between price and performance.
Nickel is key – alternatives will inevitably run out LeVine 10 (Steve, Writer – Foreign Policy, “Is It a Clean Energy Trade War Yet? China Cuts Off U.S. Rare Earth Supply”, The Oil and Glory Blog – Foreign Policy Magazine, 10-19, http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/20 10/10/19/is_it_a_clean_energy_trade_war_yet_china_cuts_off_rare_earth_shipments_to_the_us) A few days ago, the United States responded to a United Steelworkers suit by AND , and Kazakhstan, but bringing such projects to fruition can take years.
Supermagnets are key to maintaining effective particle accelerators – there are no alternatives Izlar 13 (Kelly, B.S. in applied physics, “Future LHC super-magnets pass muster,” Symmetry Magazine, 7/11/13, http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/july-2013/future-lhc-super-magnets-pass-muster) In the past four years, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider have accomplished unprecedented AND accelerator coil. If scientists took these steps, niobium tin would shatter.¶
Accelerators key to stockpile stewardship Henning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Accelerators for America’s Future”, June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf) From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the AND eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production.
Weak stockpile stewardship causes miscalc and collapses deterrence – escalates to WMD warfare Caves 10 (John P., Senior Research Fellow – Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction at the National Defense University, “Avoiding a Crisis of Confidence in the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent”, January, No. 252, pg. 1, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ada514285) Perceptions of a compromised U.S. nuclear deterrent as described above would have AND explosive power of warheads that could be delivered by a ballistic missile. 11
3/14/14
Nickel Aff New Trier RD 4
Tournament: New Trier | Round: 4 | Opponent: Niles West IM | Judge: Plan text – 1ac
The United States federal government should offer Cuba the option to trade Cuban nickel to the United States.
Steel Advantage – 1AC
Scenario 1-- Stainless Steel The embargo is ineffective now --- but only lifting it over nickel saves US metals producers from Chinese competition CS 10 (Cuba Standard, “U.S. steel group uses embargo to hammer China”, 5-14, http://www.cubastandard.com/2010/05/14/u-s-steel-group-uses-embargo-to-hammer-china/) In written testimony during a House Ways and Means Committee hearing Thursday, a U AND , something SSINA’s doesn’t even whisper as a possible solution to its issues.”
U.S. stainless steel producers say they’re getting shafted by an embargo that AND alloy market, which has a number of applications in aerospace and defense.
Stainless steel production is key to future desalination technologies – prevents imminent water scarcity ISSF, 10 (International Stainless Steel Forum, subsidiary of the World Steel Organization, the consortium of companies that produces 80 of the world’s stainless steel, compiled by the CEOs of 18 of the largest steel production and research facilities in the world, “Desalination in Stainless Steel: A sustainable solution for the purification of salt water”, World Stainless, 2010, http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/ISSF_Desalination_in_Stainless_Steel.pdf) Current efforts to make our world more sustainable are increas- ingly focussed on the AND should be utilised wherever cor- rosion resistance and durability are key requirements.
Extinction Bell 9 (Alexander, Research Associate – David Livingstone Centre for Sustainability, Former BBC Presenter and Correspondent, Policy Head – Scottish Nationalist Party, “Peak Water: Civilization and the World’s Water Crisis”, November, pg. 208)
The idea of a water war has become commonplace. It may happen like the AND certainly it will mean the end of civilization as we currently know it. Water wars draw in great powers and go nuclear Weiner 90 (Professor – Princeton, “The Next 100 Years”, pg. 270)
If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the H- AND at the 60.000 nuclear warheads the world has stockpiled since Trinity.
Scenario 2 is China -
Only the plan averts a steel industry collapse --- China’s displacing it now Miller 13 (John W., Mining and Metals Correspondent – Wall Street Journal, and Chuin-Wei Yap, Resources Correspondent – Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires, “U.S. Icons Now Made Of Chinese Steel --- Imports Surge While U.S. Mills Idle; Lacking Bridge Expertise at Home”, Wall Street Journal, 6-20, Proquest)
The reason is partly because Chinese-made steel is cheaper. In fact, AND and found that prices for Chinese-made steel were 25 lower.
The plan collapses Chinese manufacturing Murray 4 (Mary Murray, Journalist – NBC News, “China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy”, 11-23, www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4)
During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed AND Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.
And-- It independently prevents Chinese military modernization Reed 12 (John Reed, “China Caught the U.S. in Manufacturing, High-Tech Weapons Might Be Next”, Defense Tech, 6-29, http://defensetech.org/2012/06/29/china-caught-the-u-s-in-education-and-manufacturing-high-tech-weapons-are-next/) It’s no secret that China (and many other nations) are catching up with AND investment in engineering and scientific knowledge toward producing high-end military gear.
The PLA also designed its modernization program to prepare for several contingencies. Open- AND also ensure that allies are not selling sensitive military technology to the PLA.
Taiwan war goes nuclear Glaser 11 (Charles, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs – George Washington University, Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies – School of International Affairs at George Washington University, “Will China's Rise Lead to War?: Why Realism Does Not Mean Pessimism”, Foreign Affairs, March/April, Lexis) ACCOMMODATION ON TAIWAN? THE PROSPECTS for avoiding intense military competition and war may be AND military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.
Scenario 3 is the economy –
A strong domestic steel industry is the lynchpin of economic competitiveness Goodman 11 (Peter S., Business Editor – Huffington Post, “American Steel Blames China for Sagging Fortunes”, Huffington Post, 1-10, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/10/american-steel-blames-china_n_806112.html) THE CASE FOR AMERICAN STEEL At first blush, steel seems a different proposition. It is capital intensive-- AND raw materials, such as iron ore and energy, at subsidized prices.
Lastly, American economic weakness undercuts U.S. leadership abroad. Other countries AND regions will likely become less stable. Major war will become more likely.
Indonesian ban may spur demand¶ Much of that positivity stems from the expectation that AND Metal Exchange nickel is currently selling for $14,320 per MT.
The plan decreases domestic nickel prices --- several internal links ---
First --- transportation costs Coleman 1 (Jonathan R., Project Leader and Presenter – Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/coleman.pdf) Nickel and cobalt. The United States produces no primary nickel and cobalt, while AND Canada (valued at between $55 million and $71 million annually).
Second --- Cuban mining expansion --- the plan’s signal is key USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) The current impact of sanctions is to discourage foreign investment in Cuba by raising the AND projects that would result from access to the U.S. market.
Third --- price shocks --- only expanding trade with Cuba buffers them USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) In the absence of sanctions, there is likely to be a partial reorientation of AND additional supply source would be welcomed by U.S. buyers.86
2 impact scenarios – first is airpower –
Low nickel alloys prices key to effective aircraft engines INSG 13 (International Nickel Study Group, “Nickel-Based Super Alloys”, SECRETARIAT BRIEFING PAPER, No. 20, April 2013, http://www.insg.org/5Cdocs5CINSG_Insight_20_Nickel_Alloys_2013.pdf) ¶ According to the Nickel Institute, the term “super alloy” is applied AND marine, chemical processing, oil and gas, aerospace and military industries.
And --- cheaper aircraft engines are also key to the F35 --- price increases cause program shutdown Reuters 13 (“Pentagon, United Technology agree on F-35 engines”, 8-27, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/27/us-usa-military-unitedtechnologies-idUSBRE97Q0KX20130827) ¶ (Reuters) - The Pentagon on Tuesday announced it had reached agreement with AND Chris Bogdan, the Pentagon official who runs the F-35 program.
The F-35 is the Department of Defense`s largest acquisition program, AND an informed decision on how to, and whether to proceed with STOVL.
US airpower prevents Korean conflict Bechtol 5 (Bruce is an assistant professor of national security studies at Air Command and staff college, “The Future of U.S. airpower on the Korean Peninsula,” September 1st) http://www.airp ower.maxwell.a f.mil/air chronicles/apj/apj05/fal05/bechtol.html#bechtol
US military support to the Republic of Korea (ROK) remains critical to peace AND a rapidly evolving region, this is unlikely to change in the future. Korean crisis causes thermonuclear World War STRATFOR 10 (International Think Tank, “North Korea, South Korea: The Military Balance on the Peninsula”, 5-26, http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/20100526_north_korea_south_korea_military_balance_peninsula)
So the real issue is the potential for escalation — or an accident that could AND tested in the way they might be if the situation escalates much further.
Scenario 2 is tetrataenite –
Low prices are key to develop tetrataenite Piesing 13 – Journalist and Professor at Oxford (Mark, “Rare-earth mineral substitutes could defeat Chinese stranglehold,” Wired, 7/31/13, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/31/race-for-rare-earth-minerals) "Our results are highly preliminary but we have found signatures of layering in the AND as substitute comes down to the usual trade off between price and performance.
In the past four years, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider have accomplished unprecedented AND accelerator coil. If scientists took these steps, niobium tin would shatter.¶
Accelerators stop nuclear testing ? Monitoring arms control ? Maintaining stockpile stewardship Henning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Accelerators for America’s Future”, June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf)
From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the AND eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production.
Global nuclear war --- and causes space militarization and bioweapons use Johnson 1 (Rebecca, Executive Director – Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, The Guardian, 7-17, Lexis)
Then the international arms control and non- proliferation regimes collapsed. Americans weren't bothered AND and grumbling won't keep us safe. It is time to speak out.
10/11/13
Nickel Aff New Trier RD2
Tournament: New Trier | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bishop Guertin ST | Judge: Sean Kennedy Plan text – 1ac The United States federal government should offer Cuba the option to trade Cuban nickel to the United States.
In written testimony during a House Ways and Means Committee hearing Thursday, a U AND , something SSINA’s doesn’t even whisper as a possible solution to its issues.”
U.S. stainless steel producers say they’re getting shafted by an embargo that AND alloy market, which has a number of applications in aerospace and defense.
Only the plan averts a steel industry collapse -~-- China’s displacing it now Miller 13 (John W., Mining and Metals Correspondent – Wall Street Journal, and Chuin-Wei Yap, Resources Correspondent – Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires, “U.S. Icons Now Made Of Chinese Steel -~-- Imports Surge While U.S. Mills Idle; Lacking Bridge Expertise at Home”, Wall Street Journal, 6-20, Proquest)
The reason is partly because Chinese-made steel is cheaper. In fact, AND and found that prices for Chinese-made steel were 25 lower.
We’ll isolate 3 impact scenarios -~--
Scenario one is China –
Chinese steel dominance is an existential threat Goodman 11 (Peter S., Business Editor – Huffington Post, “American Steel Blames China for Sagging Fortunes”, Huffington Post, 1-10, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/10/american-steel-blames-china_n_806112.html) Yet even if the global appetite for steel soon expands, Nucor--which claims AND and it can lead to something catastrophic. Our very existence gets threatened."
Scenario 2 is manufacturing -
The plan collapses Chinese manufacturing Murray 4 (Mary Murray, Journalist – NBC News, “China Gives Boost to Cuba's Economy”, 11-23, www.nbcnews.com/id/6566988/ns/world_news/t/china-gives-boost-cubas-economy/#.UfBiRI1QEn4)
During a 48-hour visit to the island, Chinese President Hu Jintao signed AND Cuba’s chief export, expected to generate some $800 million this year.
That solves extinction Navrozov 04 (Lev Navrozov, Special to World Tribune, Winner of the Albert Einstein Prize for Outstanding Intellectual Achievements, “The Center for Responsible Nanotechnology ‘Plans Ahead,’” http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2004/lev2_06.html) Similarly, two countries can develop molecular nano assemblers: the United States and China AND can rule the world. Surely this is better than the nano annihilation..”
The PLA also designed its modernization program to prepare for several contingencies. Open- AND also ensure that allies are not selling sensitive military technology to the PLA.
Taiwan war goes nuclear Glaser 11 (Charles, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs – George Washington University, Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies – School of International Affairs at George Washington University, “Will China's Rise Lead to War?: Why Realism Does Not Mean Pessimism”, Foreign Affairs, March/April, Lexis) ACCOMMODATION ON TAIWAN? THE PROSPECTS for avoiding intense military competition and war may be AND military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.
Scenario 3 is the economy –
A strong domestic steel industry is the lynchpin of economic competitiveness Goodman 11 (Peter S., Business Editor – Huffington Post, “American Steel Blames China for Sagging Fortunes”, Huffington Post, 1-10, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/10/american-steel-blames-china_n_806112.html) THE CASE FOR AMERICAN STEEL At first blush, steel seems a different proposition. It is capital intensive-- AND raw materials, such as iron ore and energy, at subsidized prices.
Lastly, American economic weakness undercuts U.S. leadership abroad. Other countries AND regions will likely become less stable. Major war will become more likely.
Indonesian ban may spur demand¶ Much of that positivity stems from the expectation that AND Metal Exchange nickel is currently selling for $14,320 per MT.
The plan decreases domestic nickel prices -~-- several internal links -~--
First -~-- transportation costs Coleman 1 (Jonathan R., Project Leader and Presenter – Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/proceedings/volume11/pdfs/coleman.pdf) Nickel and cobalt. The United States produces no primary nickel and cobalt, while AND Canada (valued at between $55 million and $71 million annually).
Second -~-- Cuban mining expansion -~-- the plan’s signal is key USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) The current impact of sanctions is to discourage foreign investment in Cuba by raising the AND projects that would result from access to the U.S. market.
Third -~-- price shocks -~-- only expanding trade with Cuba buffers them USITC 1 (U.S. International Trade Commission, “THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF U.S. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CUBA”, USITC Publication 3398, Investigation No. 332-413, February, http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3398.pdf) In the absence of sanctions, there is likely to be a partial reorientation of AND additional supply source would be welcomed by U.S. buyers.86
2 impact scenarios – first is airpower –
Low nickel alloys prices key to effective aircraft engines INSG 13 (International Nickel Study Group, “Nickel-Based Super Alloys”, SECRETARIAT BRIEFING PAPER, No. 20, April 2013, http://www.insg.org/5Cdocs5CINSG_Insight_20_Nickel_Alloys_2013.pdf) ¶ According to the Nickel Institute, the term “super alloy” is applied AND marine, chemical processing, oil and gas, aerospace and military industries.
And -~-- cheaper aircraft engines are also key to the F35 -~-- price increases cause program shutdown Reuters 13 (“Pentagon, United Technology agree on F-35 engines”, 8-27, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/27/us-usa-military-unitedtechnologies-idUSBRE97Q0KX20130827) ¶ (Reuters) - The Pentagon on Tuesday announced it had reached agreement with AND Chris Bogdan, the Pentagon official who runs the F-35 program.
The F-35 is the Department of Defense`s largest acquisition program, AND an informed decision on how to, and whether to proceed with STOVL.
Airpower is key to deterring multiple nuclear conflicts in Asia Tellis 98 (Ashley J. Tellis et al, Chung Min Lee, James Mulvenon, Courtney Purrington, and Michael D. Swaine, sources of conflict in the 21st century, available via the rand website @ rand.org, Chapter 3)
The first key implication derived from the analysis of trends in Asia suggests that American AND effects, as in China, Indonesia, Myanmar, or North Korea.
Scenario 2 is tetrataenite –
Low prices are key to develop tetrataenite Piesing 13 – Journalist and Professor at Oxford (Mark, “Rare-earth mineral substitutes could defeat Chinese stranglehold,” Wired, 7/31/13, http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-07/31/race-for-rare-earth-minerals) "Our results are highly preliminary but we have found signatures of layering in the AND as substitute comes down to the usual trade off between price and performance.
In the past four years, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider have accomplished unprecedented AND accelerator coil. If scientists took these steps, niobium tin would shatter.¶
Accelerators stop nuclear testing ? Monitoring arms control ? Maintaining stockpile stewardship Henning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Accelerators for America’s Future”, June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf)
From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the AND eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production.
Global nuclear war -~-- and causes space militarization and bioweapons use Johnson 1 (Rebecca, Executive Director – Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, The Guardian, 7-17, Lexis)
Then the international arms control and non- proliferation regimes collapsed. Americans weren't bothered AND and grumbling won't keep us safe. It is time to speak out.
Allowing American nickel trade with Cuba invigorates the energy industry and leads to green technology Gerz-Escandon, 8 (Jennifer Gerz-Escandon, Ph.D in International Relations at the University of Miami, M.A. in International Relations at the University of Miami, B.A. in Government from Georgetown University, National Scholarship and Fellowship Coordinator for the Honors College at Georgia State University, "End the US-Cuba embargo: It's a win-win", www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2008/1009/p09s02-coop.html) Secondly, direct US engagement could allow two of the nation's largest revenue generators, AND Cuba – America gains a dedicated partner in the search for energy independence. Clean tech leadership averts global war Klarevas 9 – Professor of Global Affairs Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs – New York University, “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony”, Huffington Post, 12-15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html By not addressing climate change more aggressively and creatively, the United States is squandering AND means of leverage that can be employed to keep potential foes in check.