Tournament: Whatever floats your boat | Round: Quads | Opponent: eryone | Judge:
Email me at chris.millsrodrigo@gmail.com for cites or chit-chat. cameron.lease@gmail.com hasn't received enough requests for favors yet

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Daniel Ho

Round 2

1

The People’s Republic of China should plan

China can successfully engage over Renewable Energy

Brandt ’12 (Jon et. el. Masters in US Foreign Policy), "Chinese Engagement in Latin America and the Caribbean:  Implications for US Foreign Policy" December 2012 American University)
One area of potential growth and trilateral cooperation is in renewable energy investment. Historically
AND
, ultimately helping to mitigate the all - inclusive threat of climate change.

2

Chinese investment in Latin America is strong and increasing

Economic Observer 13 — Byline Wang Xiaoxia, Economic Observer, Translated by Worldcrunch ("In America’s Backyard: China’s Rising Influence In Latin America," Worldcrunch/Economic Observer, May 6, 2013, Available Online: http://worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/-http://worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/, Accessed: 05/25/2013)
Over the past five years, Chinese businesses have been expanding their footprint in Latin
AND
the U.S.-Latin American trade volume was 24351 billion.

US presence in Latin America kills US-China relations

Hilton, 13 (Isabel, Latin America correspondent "China in Latin America: Hegemonic Challenge?", 2/20, http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/26ff1a0cc3c0b6d5692c8afbc054aad9.pdf-http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/26ff1a0cc3c0b6d5692c8afbc054aad9.pdf)
The United States is Latin America’s traditional hegemonic power, but China’s influence in the  
AND
.S. is  becoming too assertive in its own East Asian backyard.

US-China cooperation key to solve climate change

Cohen 9 (William S., "The World Depends on U.S.-China Cooperation," Dow Jones 26 Company, Inc., U.S. defense secretary from 1997-2001, is chairman of The Cohen Group, a global business consulting firm., April 23, 2009, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124044163563445423.html-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124044163563445423.html)
Recent events confirm that we’re living in a new world of disorder. North Korea
AND
to drive the multilateral negotiations on a new international climate-change agreement.

Warming is the largest existential risk

Deibel 7 (Terry L., professor of IR at National War College, "Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2," Foreign Affairs Strategy, 2007)
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
AND
States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. 

3

Obama and Republicans will reach negotiations but it’s down to the wire – still negotiations to reach

Kumar, 9/26 (Rohit was formerly the deputy chief of staff to Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, "How Republicans Can Win Debt Fight", 9/26/13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-26/how-republicans-can-win-debt-fight.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-26/how-republicans-can-win-debt-fight.html)TYBG
The deadlines for Congress to avert a government shutdown and a default on the U
AND
in charge of negotiating the next fiscal agreement in the strongest possible position.

The plan burns up Obama’s limited leverage with House Republicans—PC is finite

Moore 9/10 —- Guardian’s US finance and economics editor
(Heidi, 9/10/2013, "Syria: the great distraction; Obama is focused on a conflict abroad, but the fight he should be gearing up for is with Congress on America’s economic security," http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/10/obama-syria-what-about-sequester, CMR-http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/10/obama-syria-what-about-sequester, CMR)
Before President Obama speaks to the nation about Syria tonight, take a look at
AND
better. As it is, he should now judge his actions better.

Entertaining GOP negotiating demands will drag the process out and trigger economic collapse and a global financial crisis

Lobello 8/27 —- business editor at TheWeek.com (Carmel, 8/27/2013, "How the looming debt ceiling fight could screw up the U.S. economy; Yup, this is happening — again," http://theweek.com/article/index/248775/how-the-looming-debt-ceiling-fight-could-screw-up-the-us-economy, CMR)-http://theweek.com/article/index/248775/how-the-looming-debt-ceiling-fight-could-screw-up-the-us-economy, CMR))
  Ready for more debt-ceiling drama?  The Treasury Department said Monday it
AND
Failure to meet that responsibility would cause irreparable harm to the American economy."

Nuclear war

Royal 10 – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

4

Economic engagement with Latin America fuels capitalist exploitation – the plan is used to make imperialist violence more efficient and invisible

Tumino Assistant Professor of English @ City University of New York, 02, (Stephen, author of Cultural Theory After the Contemporary, May/June 02, The Red Critique, "Contesting the Empire-al Imaginary: The Truth of Democracy as Class," http://redcritique.org/MayJune02/contestingtheempirealimaginary.htm-http://redcritique.org/MayJune02/contestingtheempirealimaginary.htm, ~Accessed 7/8/13~, JB).
But freedom and democracy under capitalism is only for the few who can afford it
AND
imperialist brutality—it is appeasement of the violent democracy of the owners.

And capitalism creates structural deficiencies that culminate in extinction and systemic violence

Brown, 05 (Charles, Professor of Economics and Research Scientist at the University of Michigan, 05/13/2005, http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pen-l/2005w15/msg00062.htm-http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pen-l/2005w15/msg00062.htm)
The capitalist class owns the factories, the banks, and transportation-the means
AND
at large remains a shameful fact of life in the U.S.

The alternative is to reject aff- Refusing to participate in capitalism is the first step toward hollowing out the system and replacing it with an alternative

Herod 4 (James, renowned philosopher, author, and social activist, "Getting Free", http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm-http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)
It is time to try to describe, at first abstractly and later concretely,
AND
another, and not merely reforming one way of life into something else.

Case

Warming

Warming is inevitable – current emissions

Solomon, Atmospheric Chemist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010
~Susan, 11-11-10, National Academy of Sciences, "Persistence of Climate Changes Due To A Range Of Greenhouse Gases, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2972948/-http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2972948/~~
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and other greenhouse gases increased over the
AND
that time has dropped to about one-third of the peak value.

Tech and adaptive advances prevent all climate impacts

Singer et al 11, Dr. S. Fred Research Fellow at The Independent Institute, Professor Emeritus of Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia, President of the Science and Environmental Policy Project, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a Member of the International Academy of Astronautics; Robert M. Carter, Research Professor at James Cook University (Queensland) and the University of Adelaide (South Australia), palaeontologist, stratigrapher, marine geologist and environmental scientist with more than thirty years professional experience; and Craig D. Idso, founder and chairman of the board of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Geophysical Union, American Meteorological Society, Arizona-Nevada Academy of Sciences, and Association of American Geographers, et al, 2011, "Climate Change Reconsidered: 2011 Interim Report," online: http://www.nipccreport.org/reports/2011/pdf/FrontMatter.pdf

Decades-long empirical trends of climate-sensitive measures of human well-
AND
warming has coincided with periods of peace, prosperity, and social stability.

No modeling—countries will cheat or refuse to comply

Mead, senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, 10
(Walter Russell, The Death of Global Warming, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2010/02/01/the-death-of-global-warming/, February 1, 2010, js)

The global warming movement as we have known it is dead. Its health had
AND
the UN has a comprehensive written collection of promised actions, he says."

Disease inevitable

Sky News 8 ("Warning Over Deadly New Diseases", 7-21, http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Health/New-Disease-Emerges-Every-Year-Pandemic-Outbreak-May-Not-Be-Stopped/Article/200807315047567)

In a highly critical new report, the committee said there was an "urgent
AND
new infections and providing opportunities for them to spread rapidly throughout the world.

Long wait times and lack of access make it impossible to solve disease

Pallarito, 9 (Karen, August 8, ABC News, Health Day, "Expanding Health Coverage May Not Improve Access", http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Healthday/story?id=827825226page=1~~23.UAIS-itYuA2)
FRIDAY, Aug. 7 (HealthDay News) — Even if Congress extends health
AND
will continue to strain the system, perhaps creating long waits for appointments.

Solvency

Plan causes a dysprosium shortage

The Economist 12 ("In a hole?" 5/17, http://www.economist.com/node/21550243)
MANY plans for reducing the world’s emissions of carbon dioxide—at least, those
AND
increase by 8 a year for neodymium and 14 for dysprosium.

Shortage kills the Japanese economy

Handwerger 11(Jeb, "Ucore: David Among The Goliaths Of Rare Earths," http://ucore.com/JebHandwerger_Aug2011.pdf)
There was an impressive turnout of international rare earth ¶ experts, the investment community
AND
that industrial nations such as Japan absolutely require ¶ for their economic survival. 

Nuclear war

The Guardian 2/11/02 (lexis)
Even so, the west cannot afford to be complacent about what is happening in
AND
push the country into conflict with its bigger (and nuclear) neighbour.

Several barriers prevent sustainable development

Garrison 10 – Environment and Climate Change Consultant for the United States Agency for International Development (John L, "Clean Energy 26 Climate Change Opportunities Assessment for USAID/Mexico," USAID, 4/30/10, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADS950.pdf)//SJF
3.1.2 Barriers to Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Mexico a
AND
California limit the types of wind turbines available for such high wind conditions.

Doublebind – either Mexican renewable energy is cheap and doesn’t qualify for state funding, or it’s expensive and never gets adopted

Lokey 11 (Elizabeth Lokey, Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, "Barriers to clean development mechanism renewable energy projects in Mexico", Renewable Energy Vol. 34 Issue 3, 504-508, Science Direct | JJ)
The most significant hurdle to renewable energy development is that CFE, which controls most
AND
would have occurred in a business-as-usual scenario ~16~.

Renewables worsen the quality of life for the poor- turns their water scarcity impact

Cecelski, 2k (Elizabeth, worked for more than twenty-five years in problems of energy and developing countries, specializing in energy, poverty and gender issues, especially in household and rural energy; and in rural electrification and rural development; holds a BA from Duke University and an MA from John Hopkins.As an energy economist at Resources for the Future, she co-authored Household Energy and the Third World Poor (1979) and Energy Strategies for Developing Nations (1981). She later worked for an appropriate technology NGO, VITA, and in the Rural Employment Policies Branch of the International Labour Organisation in Geneva. She is a founding member, and presently member of the Advisory Group and Technical Adviser for Advocacy 26 Research of ENERGIA, the International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy, and is the author of several standard references on gender and energy; "ENABLING EQUITABLE ACCESS TO RURAL ¶ ELECTRIFICATION: CURRENT THINKING AND MAJOR ACTIVITIES IN ENERGY, POVERTY AND GENDER," 27 January 2000, http://www.sarpn.org/genderenergy/resources/cecelski/energypovertygender.pdf//HO**
Sustainable energy development (SED) has been defined as sustainability in economic, ¶
AND
denies them the opportunity for productivity growth that fossil fuelled ¶ technologies facilitate.

Framing

Great power war is possible and is a prior questions

Gonsell, Lieutenant Commander, and Orzetti, US Marine Corps, 12
(April and Michael, USNI, "Now Hear This - ls Great-Power War Still Possible?" http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2012-04/now-hear-great-power-war-still-possible-http://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2012-04/now-hear-great-power-war-still-possible, accessed 7-15-13, EB)
The Center for Naval Analyses recently published Grand Strategy: Contemporary Contending Analyst Views and
AND
cannot be ruled out. U.S. policymakers must plan accordingly.

Globalization doesn’t solve—the convergence of hyper-competition and hyper-power status make conflict increasingly likely

Capie 11—Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Victoria University of Wellington, New
AND
Security, Volume 23, Issue 2, Taylor and Francis, AL~
The book’s thesis is that there are two systemic drivers of contemporary security and insecurity
AND
on globalization and peace and conflict to form a compelling and provocative account. 

Nuclear war causes extinction and climate change—prefer the latest studies

Choi 11—writer for National Geographic News ~Charles Q., 2/22/2011, National Geographic, "Small Nuclear War Could Reverse Global Warming for Years?," http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/02/110223-nuclear-war-winter-global-warming-environment-science-climate-change/-http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/02/110223-nuclear-war-winter-global-warming-environment-science-climate-change/, DS~

Even a regional nuclear war could spark "unprecedented" global cooling and reduce rainfall
AND
"would be that even a regional nuclear conflict would have global consequences."

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 3 | Opponent: Damien MR | Judge: Amy Nguyen

Round 3

1

Obama and Republicans will reach negotiations but it’s down to the wire – still negotiations to reach

Kumar, 9/26 (Rohit was formerly the deputy chief of staff to Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, "How Republicans Can Win Debt Fight", 9/26/13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-26/how-republicans-can-win-debt-fight.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-26/how-republicans-can-win-debt-fight.html)TYBG
The deadlines for Congress to avert a government shutdown and a default on the U
AND
in charge of negotiating the next fiscal agreement in the strongest possible position.

The plan burns up Obama’s limited leverage with House Republicans—PC is finite

Moore 9/10 —- Guardian’s US finance and economics editor
(Heidi, 9/10/2013, "Syria: the great distraction; Obama is focused on a conflict abroad, but the fight he should be gearing up for is with Congress on America’s economic security," http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/10/obama-syria-what-about-sequester, CMR-http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/10/obama-syria-what-about-sequester, CMR)
Before President Obama speaks to the nation about Syria tonight, take a look at
AND
better. As it is, he should now judge his actions better.

Entertaining GOP negotiating demands will drag the process out and trigger economic collapse and a global financial crisis

Lobello 8/27 —- business editor at TheWeek.com (Carmel, 8/27/2013, "How the looming debt ceiling fight could screw up the U.S. economy; Yup, this is happening — again," http://theweek.com/article/index/248775/how-the-looming-debt-ceiling-fight-could-screw-up-the-us-economy, CMR)-http://theweek.com/article/index/248775/how-the-looming-debt-ceiling-fight-could-screw-up-the-us-economy, CMR))
  Ready for more debt-ceiling drama?  The Treasury Department said Monday it
AND
Failure to meet that responsibility would cause irreparable harm to the American economy."

Nuclear war

Royal 10 – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

2

Chinese investment in Latin America is strong and increasing

Economic Observer 13 — Byline Wang Xiaoxia, Economic Observer, Translated by Worldcrunch ("In America’s Backyard: China’s Rising Influence In Latin America," Worldcrunch/Economic Observer, May 6, 2013, Available Online: http://worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/-http://worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/, Accessed: 05/25/2013)
Over the past five years, Chinese businesses have been expanding their footprint in Latin
AND
the U.S.-Latin American trade volume was 24351 billion.

US presence in Latin America kills US-China relations

Hilton, 13 (Isabel, Latin America correspondent "China in Latin America: Hegemonic Challenge?", 2/20, http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/26ff1a0cc3c0b6d5692c8afbc054aad9.pdf-http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/26ff1a0cc3c0b6d5692c8afbc054aad9.pdf)
The United States is Latin America’s traditional hegemonic power, but China’s influence in the  
AND
.S. is  becoming too assertive in its own East Asian backyard.

Loss of US-China relations causes extinction- conflict, economic collapse, and multiple trans-national threats become inevitable without cooperation

Cohen 9 (William S. Cohen is chairman and CEO of The Cohen Group, a strategic business consulting firm based in Washington, D.C. Secretary Cohen served as U.S. secretary of defense, Maurice R. Greenberg is chairman and CEO of C.V. Starr 26 Co., Inc. Mr. Greenberg retired four years ago as chairman and CEO of American International Group (AIG) after more than 40 years of leadership, creating the largest insurance company in history, "Smart Power in U.S.-China Relations," http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090309_mcgiffert_uschinasmartpower_web.pdf)
The evolution of Sino-U.S. relations over the next months,
AND
U.S.-China partnership, though not inevitable, is indispensable.

3

The People’s Republic of China should ratify the Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement with Mexico.

China solves Mexico energy investment – key model

Esenaro 13. ~Alberto, corporate lawyer in Mexico, expertise in high-profile corporate law with practice strong focus on foreign investment, energy, "MEXICO AND CHINA: AN EXPANDING ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP" Before You Do Business — May 1 — beforeyoudobusiness.com/archives/787~
While Mexico’s economy has been growing steadily since the implementation of NAFTA and various other
AND
"We have much to learn from its successful history in railway infrastructure."

4

Their Eurocentric understanding of power whitewashes history, overlooking the struggles of the oppressed—This only reproduces structural violence and colonialism, turning the case.

Shohat and Stam, 97 ~Ella, Professor of Cultural Studies at New York University, and Robert, University Professor at New York University, where he teaches about the French New Wave filmmakers, "Unthinking Eurocentrism", 1997~
Eurocentrism first emerged as a discursive rationale for colonialism, the process by which the
AND
the non-West in terms of its deficiencies, real or imagined.

Their claims of instability resulting from a shift in power is irrational – their representation of the non-west as a force of entropy is just an excuse to expand hegemony

Morton, 5 (ADAM DAVID Morton, School of Politics @ Univ. of Nottingham, 5 ~Sept, New Political Economy 10.3, "The ’Failed State’ of International Relations," muse~)
This policy-making approach represents a pathological view of conditions in  postcolonial states as
AND
both as self-defence and as humanitarian or  public-spirited’.22  

Their narcissistic approach to hegemony will inevitably lead to genocide, totalitarianism, and escalatory nuclear wars culminating in extinction

Bacevich, 8 ~Andrew J., "The Limits of Power: The end of American Exceptionalism" http://books.google.com/books?hl=en26lr=26id=ZnG-ZlzrA_gC26oi=fnd26pg=PP726dq=american+exceptionalism26ots=EPlU23PpnV26sig=_l39-1Bk3pbRv9GJTDfheEkkKeA~~23v=onepage26q=american20exceptionalism26f=false~~
Freedom is the altar at which Americans worship, whatever their nominal religious persuasion.
AND
core of his worldview, each infused with a deeply felt Christian sensibility.

We advocate critical border thinking as our alternative. This redistribution of the geopolitics of knowledge starts from a different epistemic starting point to criticize the epistemological basis of the affirmative. This is critical to advancing space to subaltern epistemologies that challenge the ethnocidal foundations of modernity.

Mignolo, 2K ~Walter, William H. Wannamaker Professor of Literature and Romance Studies at Duke University Local Histories/Global Designs, 0691001405~68-69
The second opposition Khatibi attempts to undo (after the opposition between the Christian West
AND
that it opens i new perspective for a geopolitical order of knowledge production.

Case

Stability

No risk of Mexican economic collapse

BBC 13 (BBC News, "BBC News Touts Mexico’s Strong Democracy 26 Booming Economy," July 8, 2013, http://www.investmentpropertiesmexico.com/mexico-real-estate-news-blog/2013/07/bbc-news-touts-mexicos-strong-democracy-and-booming-economy//MRG-http://www.investmentpropertiesmexico.com/mexico-real-estate-news-blog/2013/07/bbc-news-touts-mexicos-strong-democracy-and-booming-economy//MRG)
Another sign of Mexico’s growing middle class can be found in the many new private
AND
and will lead to stronger commercial and economic ties between the two nations.

Transition to multipolarity now

Brzezinski Center for Strategic and International Studies Counselor and Trustee, Feist, CNN’s Washington Bureau Chief and Senior Vice President 12
(Zbigniew, Former White House National Security Adviser, Sam, March 29, 2012, Council of Foreign Relations, "A Conversation With Zbigniew Brzezinski," http://www.cfr.org/us-strategy-and-politics/conversation-zbigniew-brzezinski/p27829-http://www.cfr.org/us-strategy-and-politics/conversation-zbigniew-brzezinski/p27829, accessed 7/4/12, YGS)
QUESTIONER: Thank you very much. Dr. Brzezinski, I want to ask
AND
terms of whether we will or will not be able to do it.

Prolonging transition risks global stability

Farley University of Kentucky assistant professor of Diplomacy and International Commerce, 3-7- 12
(Dr. Robert, World Politics Review, "Over the Horizon: The Future of American Hegemony," http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11696/over-the-horizon-the-future-of-american-hegemony, accessed 7-6-12, CNM)
What are the dangers? Hegemony has never meant the ability to achieve any outcome
AND
globally acceptable "American Century," while foolish policies can cut it short.

Even if the US declines, liberal international norms will survive - solves the impact

Ikenberry  Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton 11 (G. John May/June issue of Foreign Affairs 2011, PhD, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, "The Future of the Liberal World Order," http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67730/g-john-ikenberry/the-future-of-the-liberal-world-order?page=show 7/12/13)
For all these reasons, many observers have concluded that world politics is experiencing not
AND
and prosperity that it has provided since the middle of the twentieth century. 

Hegemony results in endless war – violence is reinforced by the mindless acceptance of a privileged position

Burke 7 (Anthony, Professor of Politics and International Relations @ the University of New South Wales, Beyond Security, Ethics and Violence, p. 231-2, 2007)
Yet the first act in America’s ’forward strategy of freedom’ was to invade and attempt
AND
when we act, we create our own reality. We’re history’s actors."

New funding for bioterrorism bill

Brino 13 (Anthony Brino Associate Editor of GovernmentHealthIT "House re-ups funding for bioterrorism, public health"http://www.govhealthit.com/news/house-reauthorizes-funding-public-health-bioterrorism-preparedness)
In late January, the House passed a bill funding several public health preparedness and
AND
bill also directs HHS to make recommendations on coordinating pediatric medical care during emergencies

No bioterror

Schneidmiller 9 Chris Schneidmiller, "Experts Debate Threat of Nuclear, Biological Terrorism," Global Security Newswire, 1/13/2009, Experts Debate Threat of Nuclear, Biological Terrorism
Panel moderator Benjamin Friedman, a research fellow at the Cato Institute, said academic
AND
. Which can’t make anything and what it would make is just garbage."

Oil Spills

Status quo solves safety standards

Hull, 11 Florida A26M University College of Law Professor,
~Eric V., June 14th 2011, "Crude injustice in the gulf: why categorical exclusions for deepwater drilling in the Gulf of Mexico are inconsistent with U.S. and international ocean law and policy." http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Crude+injustice+in+the+gulf3A+why+categorical+exclusions+for+deepwater...-a0258598673-http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Crude+injustice+in+the+gulf3A+why+categorical+exclusions+for+deepwater...-a0258598673, Accessed 6/30/13, CB~ 

Under UNCLOS, states are obligated to protect and preserve the marine environment. (
AND
means of responding to oil spill incidents under their jurisdiction. (264)

Gulf ecosystem is self-cleansing— oil eating bacteria growth

Science Daily 13
~4/8/13, "Gulf of Mexico Has Greater-Than-Believed Ability to Self-Cleanse Oil Spills", http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130408152733.htm-http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130408152733.htm, accessed 6/30/13, ALT~
"The Deepwater Horizon oil provided a new source of nutrients in the deepest
AND
, and they respond to the presence of oil by multiplying quite rapidly."

Alt causes to oil spills- sunken ships over last two centuries.

Maritime Passive Safety Association 13
5/22/12, "US Government body confirms growing request for systematic removal of oil from sunken ships", http://www.maritimepassivesafety.com/en/2013/05/22/us-government-body-confirms-growing-request-for-systematic-removal-of-oil-from-sunken-ships/-http://www.maritimepassivesafety.com/en/2013/05/22/us-government-body-confirms-growing-request-for-systematic-removal-of-oil-from-sunken-ships/**, accessed 6/30/13, ALT
The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) handed earlier this week a
AND
its plans for addressing marine environmental issues and determine the most appropriate response.

Population growth makes bio-d loss inevitable

Science Daily 11 ("Ongoing Global Biodiversity Loss Unstoppable With Protected Areas Alone" http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110728123059.htm-http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110728123059.htm,)
Continued reliance on a strategy of setting aside land and marine territories as "protected areas" is insufficient to stem global biodiversity loss, according to a comprehensive assessment published July 28 in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series.
Despite impressively rapid growth of protected land and marine areas worldwide — today totalling over
AND
about addressing the growth in size and consumption rate of our global population."

Extinction claims overstated – species will rebound

Economist, 9 - The Economist online offers authoritative insight and opinion on international news, politics, business, finance, science and technology ("Second life: Biologists debate the scale of extinction in the world’s tropical forests," The Economist, http://www.economist.com/node/12926042-http://www.economist.com/node/12926042, January 15, 2009)
A RARE piece of good news from the world of conservation: the global extinction
AND
Once forest cover does start increasing, the rate of extinction should dwindle.

Redundancies check

Chris Maser, internationally recognized expert in forest ecology and governmental consultant, 92, Global Imperative: Harmonizing Culture and Nature, p. 40
Redundancy means that more than one species can perform similar functions. It’s a type of ecological insurance policy, which strengthens the ability of the system to retain the integrity of its basic relationships. The insurance of redundancy means that the loss of a species or two is not likely to result in such severe functional disruptions of the ecosystem so as to cause its collapse because other species can make up for the functional loss.

Solvency

Increase oil production will just be stolen, there is no type of security for the oil pipes in Mexico

The Economist 12
(8-4-12 "Oil theft in Mexico Black gold on the black market", http://www.economist.com/node/21559962?zid=29826ah=0bc99f9da8f185b2964b6cef412227be-http://www.economist.com/node/21559962?zid=29826ah=0bc99f9da8f185b2964b6cef412227be, accessed June 27, 2013, QDKM)
¶ DRUGS, extortion, kidnapping, people-smuggling: Mexico’s organised-crime
AND
, the monopoly’s managers have little reason to pick a risky political fight.

Plan causes massive human rights violations

Godoy IPS Correspondent 6/18/ 13
(Emilio, a Mexico-based correspondent who covers the environment, human rights and sustainable development. He has been a journalist since 1996 and has written for various media outlets in Mexico, Central America and Spain, 6/18/13, Inter Press Service News Agency, "Rural Mexican Communities Protest Wind Farms," http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/06/rural-mexican-communities-protest-wind-farms/-http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/06/rural-mexican-communities-protest-wind-farms/, Accessed: 6/30/13, LPS.)
However, critics of this strategy argue that the communities where wind parks are installed
AND
In his view, the companies may be in violation of international conventions.

Relations

US Mexico Relations good- Obama’s trip to Mexico proves

Guilamo-Ramos, 13 professor at NYU, and López, President of UPAEP, 5/28/13
(Vincent, a professor and co-director of the Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health at the Silver School of Social Work at New York University, José Alfredo Miranda he president of Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP) in Puebla, Mexico, 5/28/13, The Huffington Post, "Vincent Guilamo-Ramos: The US and Mexico Have Much to Learn from Each Other," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vincent-guilamoramos/us-mexico-relations_b_3347068.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vincent-guilamoramos/us-mexico-relations_b_3347068.html, Accessed: 6/30/13, LPS.)
¶ Barack Obama’s recent visit to Mexico, the fourth of his presidency, represented
AND
.S. and Mexico has been evolving in complex and positive ways.

Relations resilient, interdependence on multiple issues

Seelke, 13 specialist in Latin American Affairs
(Clare Ribando, 1-16-13, Congressional Research Service, ’Mexico’s New Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican Relations" http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf, p.9-10, accessed 7-1-13 KR)
Congress has maintained longstanding interest in a broad range of issues dealing with Mexico,
AND
and strengthening democracy in Mexico also lend themselves to long-term oversight.

Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 6 | Opponent: Desert Vista RZ | Judge: Christina Tallungan

Round 6

1

A. Interpretation: The affirmative must present and defend the hypothetical implementation of a plan by the United States federal government.

"Resolved" implies a policy or legislative decision

Parcher 1 Jeff Parcher, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American Heritage Dictionary:
AND
or ’no’ - which, of course, are answers to a question.   

The USfg is the government in Washington D.C.

Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k http://encarta.msn.com-http:encarta.msn.com/
 "The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC"

Economic engagement is an exchange between governments

Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, "Defining Engagement", Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
In order to establish a more effective framework for dealing with unsavory regimes, I
AND
be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.

You can vote negative to endorse decolonization and the idea of changing debate—T only requires a determination that they are outside the bounds of the topic, NOT that they are wrong – this is a more effective way to rally support around their ideas—-even the most liberal version of their evidence says debate can’t proceed without substantive procedural regulation like T

B. Violation: The affirmative does not defend USfg action.

C. This interpretation is best -

Allowing the aff to talk about historical or tangential issues with Latin America is endless and uncontestable—they can give tons of personal narratives about the horrors of racism, sexism, classisim, and colonialism—we can’t dispute the historical facts that slavery on the plantation existed or was a major atrocity which is the only ground they give us—the other awful ground they give us does not allow a valuable discussion—there is a life that we have outside of debate—an unlimited topic ensures that we can only focus on debate and must give up on everything else—this makes debate not worth doing for anyone

Harris 13 (Scott, April 5 "This ballot by Scott Harris" http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php?topic=4762.0, nkj)
I understand that there has been some criticism of Northwestern’s strategy in this debate round
AND
are a real impact because I feel their impact in my everyday existence.  

Second, a limited topic of discussion that provides for equitable ground is key to productive inculcation of decision-making and advocacy skills in every and all facets of life—-even if their position is contestable that’s distinct from it being valuably debatable—-this still provides room for flexibility, creativity, and innovation, but targets the discussion to avoid mere statements of fact—-T debates also solve any possible turn

Steinberg 26 Freeley Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, and David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp458 -
Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Third, Switch-side is key—-Effective deliberation is only possible in a switch-side debate – forces critical thinking and better advocacy of one’s positions

Keller et al 1 – Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago (Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, "Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning," Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)
SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE a professional responsibility to shape social policy and legislation (National Association
AND
yield a reevaluation and reconstruction of knowledge and beliefs pertaining to the issue. 

And independently a voting issue for limits and ground—-our entire negative strategy is based on the "should" question of the resolution—-there are an infinite number of reasons that the scholarship of their advocacy could be a reason to vote affirmative—- these all obviate the only predictable strategies based on topical action—-they overstretch our research burden and undermine preparedness for all debates

2

Contrary to the affirmative’s moralizing about liberation, they are merely engaged in a war of words. At the end of the debate, those who they speak for will be no freer then when we began. Because of this, we should pause to ask a fundamental question: what are we doing here? You should consider this pausing to reflect on the activity and practices of debate a tactical disruption of the dominant mode of discourse. The affirmative’s radical gesture occurs against the backdrop of a profound silence about their own subject position. The plight of the modern intellectual in the west is not how we grapple with our own oppression, but how we deal with and interrogate our privileged positions, which allow us to speak in the first place.

Chow 93 (Rey, Professor of English and Comp Lit, Writing Diaspora: tactics of intervention in contemporary cultural studies, pg 17)
While the struggle for hegemony remains necessary for many reasons – especially in cases where
AND
off field, in the military no less than in the academic sense?

Rather than term the aff ’insurgents,’ we should perhaps call them Western "Maoists."  The Maoist is peculiar sibling of the classical Orientalist: an individual in the west who identifies with the subject-position of the oppressed and victimized colonized peoples about whom they speak. Although this strategy lends itself to pretty speeches and polemics, it is more a means of effacing subject position – and simultaneously bolstering one’s own insurgent credentials - then a means of enacting politics. The affirmative re-confirms the hegemony of the west through their gesture of leftist militant renunciation, allowing them to ignore their own investment in the Other’s oppression.

Rey Chow, Professor of English and Comparative Literature, and Director of the Comparative Literature
Program at the University of California, 93 ~Writing Diaspora: tactics of intervention in contemporary cultural
studies, pp 15­17~
The Orientalist has a special sibling whom I will, in order to highlight her
AND
a puritanical alternative to the West in human form a dream come true.  

The results of this process are in no way innocent – the affirmative locks-in an investment in the oppression of other about whom they are allowed to speak. The other is confined to a position of perpetual lack.

Chow 93 (Rey, Professor of English and Comp Lit, Writing Diaspora: tactics of intervention in contemporary cultural studies, pg 17)
In the 1980’s and 1990’s, however, the Maoist is disillusioned the China they
AND
career. How do we intervene in the productivity of this overdetermined circuit.

Independently, the knowledge that the affirmative produces about the non-western other is the enabling mechanism of modern apocalyptic warfare- the aff’s uncritical embrace of the western gaze which surveys and gather knowledge about the rest of the world in order understand what we in the west can do to help uphold a logic of self-referentiality re-anchors the west as the "center" and places the third world in the position of a global target

Chow, 6 - Professor Comparative Lit at Brown, (Rey, "The Age of the World Target" p 40-42)
In the decades since 1945, whether in dealing with the Soviet Union, the
AND
object" —and by "the problem of the vanishing object."55 

Thus, the alternative: reject the speech act of the 1AC. The failed politics of the affirmative which demand we shift our gaze outside towards some essentialized otherness can do nothing but distract us from our intellectual responsibility to engage within our own sphere of influence. Instead of denouncing imperialism abroad, we should take political action to dismantle it at home

Dylan Rodriguez, is an Associate Professor at University of California Riverside, 08 ~"Warfare and the Terms of Engagement," in Abolition Now~
This war is not yet won, not by a long shot. When we
AND
in our very own, most intimate and nearby geographies of "home." 

Case

These critiques come from within a single knowledge base – no risk that their "deconstruction" is the one desired by ones most effected – merely another form the the colonial difference the negative critiques

Mignolo Duke University professor of Literature and Romance Studies, 2
(Walter, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, Published Winter 2002, "The Geopolitics of Knowledge and the Colonial Difference", Pg. 85-86, The South Atlantic Quarterly, Volume 101, Number 1, Winter 2002, Accessed July 10 2013, JB)
I have mentioned that Wallerstein, Quijano, and Dussel have dependency theory as a
AND
critiques come to Western epistemology through coloniality of power from the colonial difference.

Decolonization requires an encounter with the colonized – simply deconstructing one knowledge base doesn’t allow for any new modes of thought

Mignolo 2 Duke University professor of Literature and Romance Studies,
(Walter, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, Published Winter 2002, "The Geopolitics of Knowledge and the Colonial Difference", Pg. 69-71, The South Atlantic Quarterly, Volume 101, Number 1, Winter 2002, Accessed July 10 2013, JB)
The irreducible colonial difference that I am trying to chart, starting from Dussel’s dialogue
AND
apparent that such a decolonizing is an urgent task for European thought." 51

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lynbrook CG | Judge: Frank Montano

1

A. Interpretation – Removing sanctions is a form of appeasement

Stern 6 (Martin, University of Maryland Graduate, Debunking detente, 11/27/06, http://www.diamondbackonline.com/article_56223e79-7009-56a3-8afe-5d08bfff6e08.html)
Appeasement is defined as
AND
 I don't know how better to define the word.

Engagement and appeasement are distinct

Resnick 1 (Evan, Assistant Professor and coordinator of the United States Programme at RSIS, “Defining Engagement,” Journal of International Affairs, 0022197X, Spring2001, Vol. 54, Issue 2, http://web.ebscohost.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu/ehost/detail?sid=1b56e6b4-ade2-4052-9114-7d107fdbd01940sessionmgr12andvid=2andhid=24andbdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ3d3d#db=mthandAN=4437301)
Thus, a rigid conceptual distinction
AND
the part of the target state.

B. Violation – they remove restrictions – that’s appeasement

C. Voting issue -

1. Limits – infinite amount of restrictions the aff can remove – explodes neg research burden which kills fairness and topic-specific education

2. Ground – lose spending and politics links based off of increases in funding – that’s key neg ground

2

House GOP will compromise and the bill shows support from immigrants and Obama

Star Tribune, 2-5 (Immigration compromise is still possible for Congress, http://www.startribune.com/opinion/243832351.html)
Fortunately, the “just say no’’ to immigration reform
AND
 to this country illegally as children.

The Cuba Lobby has huge sway and will block other legislation in backlash to the plan

The Register 13 “The Cuban chill”, April 21st, 2013, http://www.registerguard.com/rg/opinion/29740770-78/cuba-lobby-policy-china-political.html.csp, Chetan
Policy toward Cuba is frozen
AND
 on any change in U.S. policy toward Cuba.

Despite its momentum, there’s GOP doubt – Republican opposition to plan kills reform

The Hill, 2/7/14 (“Immigration reform is lose-lose for GOP http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/immigration/197830-immigration-reform-is-lose-lose-for-gop”)TYBG
It finally seemed as if House GOP
AND
Sounds like the definition of a trap. 

Reform key to the economy – decline in immigration spurs new recession

Smith 12 Gerry, technology reporter, "Brain Drain: Why We're Driving Immigration Talent Overseas" Huffington Post -- November 5 -- www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/09/immigrant-entrepreneur_n_2077183.html
Stories like his are not unique. They’re also troubling for
AND
to secure visas to remain in the country.

C/A their Freidberg evidence, economic decline causes war

3

Text: Chris and I affirm the entirety of the 1ac except for the plan text.

It’s net beneficial – it solves better because it doesn’t start at the place of the state or include the pretended fiated action we will get links to.

It’s legit – they get 100 of the plan to generate offense versus the cp, this is a necessary test against critical affirmatives.

The net benefit is normative thought-

A) The affirmative cannot isolate a single reason why the prescriptions that the 1AC provides for the status quo that they describe lead to any real world solvency or change

Schlag, Professor Of Law@ Univ. Colorado, 90 (Pierre, Stanford Law Review, November, Page Lexis)
In fact, normative legal thought
AND
wonderful normative advice into effect.

B) The normative rhetoric of the 1AC speech act allows them to disassociate themselves from any legitimate emotional connection to their performance, this makes attempts at real-world change or activism impossible and turns the case

Delgado 91 (Richard, Colorado Law Professor, 139 Pa. L. Rev. 933, April)
But what is the cash value of all this priest-talk
AND
has been faced with subsistence claims.

C) The seductive nature of normative legal thought debases subjectivity by re-drawing its twisted bureaucratic methodology into dominant social forums. In doing so, normative thought disengages the speaker from any and all ethical connection to their discourse, guaranteeing perpetual pain and suffering

Schlag, Professor Of Law@ Univ. Colorado, 90 (Pierre, Stanford Law Review, November, Page Lexis)
All of this can seem very funny. That's because
AND
bureaucratic practices -- academic and otherwise.

Ag

Cuban sugar ethanol imports destroy the ethanol industry—causes Midwestern economic collapse

Specht 13 (Jonathan Specht, Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc. B.A., Louisiana State University, 2009; J.D., Washington University in St. Louis, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States,” University of California, Davis, Vol. 36:2, April 24, 2013, http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf)
Absent a scenario in which the RFS was raised
AND
prices boosts small-town economies).139

That key to the US economy

Dinneen 13 Bob Dinneen, President and CEO, Renewable Fuels Association House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and Power Hearing; "Overview of the Renewable Fuel Standard: Stakeholder Perspectives." (Part One); Congressional Documents and Publications – July 23, 2013 – lexis
It is important to remember that a
AND
federal, state and local taxes.

Worker shortage-means they don’t solve

Specht 13 (Jonathan, professor at the University of California at Davis, Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane  Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental  Effects on the United States, http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf, pg.172-173)
Like all new capitalist industries to
AND
that a robust market economy requires.”53

Cuba’s environment is protected now, but removal of the embargo destroys it

Dean 7 (Cornelia Dean, writer for New York Times, “Conserving Cuba, After the Embargo” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/25/science/25cuba.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0 12-25-07)
Through accidents of geography and history
AND
at the Cuban ministry of science, technology and environment.

Removal won’t solve the economy – only the government gets money

Bustillo 13 (Mitchell Bustillo, writer for International Policy Digest, Hispanic Heritage Foundation Gold Medallion Winner, and a former United States Senate Page, “Time to Strengthen the Cuban Embargo” http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/05/09/time-to-strengthen-the-cuban-embargo/ 5-9-13)
Still there is the idea that
AND
blamed on the United States or the embargo.

Countless structural alt causes the embargo wouldn’t solve

Suchlicki 12 (JAIME SUCHLICKI is Emilio Bacardi Moreau Professor of History and International Studies and the Director of the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami. He was the founding Executive Director of the North-South Center. For the past decade he was also the editor of the prestigious Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. He is currently the Latin American Editor for Transaction Publishers and the author of Cuba: From Columbus to Castro (1997), now in its fourth edition, and editor with Irving L. Horowitz of Cuban Communism (1999). He is also the author of Mexico: From Montezuma to NAFTA (1998). He is a highly regarded consultant to both the private and public sector on Cuba and Latin American affairs “Getting Ready for Life after Castro” May 11 2012 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/05/11/getting_ready_for_life_after_castro?page=0,2)
The challenges are many. First, there
AND
Concerns for a Cuba in Transition, Eudel Eduardo Cepero.)

Slavery

Must weigh consequences – their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize and undermines political action

Isaac, 2 (Jeffrey C, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University Dissent Magazine, 49(2), “Ends, Means, and Politics”, Spring, Proquest)
As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber,
AND
it undermines political effectiveness.

Failing to prevent a horrible outcome is just as bad as causing it – the neg is moral evasion

Nielsen, 93 (Kai, philosophy prof @ U of Calgary Absolutism and Its Consequentialist Critics, ed. Joram Graf Haber, 1993, p. 170-2)
Forget the levity of the example and
AND
evasive way but this does not make it right.

The ballot must prioritize averting existential threats- mathematically outweighs

Bostrom, 12 Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford University, (Nick, Global Policy, “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority,” Volume 4, Issue 1, p. 15-31, EB)
But even this reflection fails to bring out
AND
times as much as a billion human lives.

Solvency

Air Pollution DA- 

a. Sugar cane ethanol production causes air pollution-and prevents future production====
UC Merced 11 University of California Merced—senior researchers analysis-- http://www.ucmerced.edu/news/study-shows-sugarcane-ethanol-production-causes-air-pollution -December 15, 2011-SR
The burning of sugarcane fields
AND
regions where they are cultivated.”

b. That causes extinction

Driesen 3 – Professor of Law, Syracuse, Buffalo Environmental Law Journal (David _{Fall, 2002 / Spring, 2003, p. LN)
Air pollution can make life unsustainable
AND
implicates both of these concerns.} 

Water Pollution DA- 

a. Sugarcane production causes water pollution====
Zuurbier and Vooren 8 Peter Zuurbier and Jos Van De Vooren. "Contributions to Climate Change Mitigation and the Environment." Sugarcane Ethanol. Wageningen Academic P U B L I S H E R S, 2008. Web. 6 July 2013. http://www.baff.info/english/rapporter/SugarcaneBook_Wageningen.pdf. –SR
Water pollution has been a severe environmental
AND
sugarcane production (Corbi et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2008).

b. Water pollution turns the aff and causes extinction

Khan and Haq, 12- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Botany, Hazara University International Journal of Recent Scientific Research- “Pollution load in industrial effluent and ground water due to marble industries in district buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Water pollution is a major global
AND
crop failure and loss of aesthetics (Anonymous 1992).

Cuba doesn’t even have an ethanol industry

Specht 13 (Jonathan, professor at the University of California at Davis, Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane  Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental  Effects on the United States, http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf, pg.172-173)
To speak of a Cuban sugarcane-
AND
ethanol industry from sugarcane.”

No demand for a sugar ethanol industry

Specht 13 (Jonathan, professor at the University of California at Davis, Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane  Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental  Effects on the United States, http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/36/2/specht.pdf, pg.172-173)
Given that the Cuban sugar
AND
a large increase in domestic demand for ethanol.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 3 | Opponent: CPS AF | Judge: Brock Hanson

1

1. Interpretation: The affirmative must present and defend the hypothetical implementation of a plan by the United States federal government

“Resolved” implies a policy or legislative decision

Parcher 1 Jeff Parcher, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I turn to a
AND
are answers to a question.   

The USfg is the government in Washington D.C.

Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k http://encarta.msn.com
 “The federal government
AND
centered in Washington DC”

Economic engagement is an exchange between governments

Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
In order to establish a more effective
AND
of multiple types of positive sanctions.

2. Violation: The affirmative does not defend USfg action.

3. Our interpretation is best -====   

You can vote negative to endorse reconceptualization of the border —T only requires a determination that they are outside the bounds of the topic, NOT that they are wrong – this is a more effective way to rally support around their ideas---even the most liberal version of their evidence says debate can’t proceed without substantive procedural regulation like T, especially when they concede in 1AC cx that they advocate the reconceptualization of all borders

a. Limits-

Allowing the aff to talk about historical or tangential issues with Latin America is endless and uncontestable—they can give tons of personal narratives about the horrors of racism, sexism, classisim, and colonialism—we can’t dispute the historical facts that slavery on the plantation existed or was a major atrocity which is the only ground they give us—the other awful ground they give us does not allow a valuable discussion—there is a life that we have outside of debate—an unlimited topic ensures that we can only focus on debate and must give up on everything else—this makes debate not worth doing for anyone

Harris 13 (Scott, April 5 “This ballot by Scott Harris” http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php?topic=4762.0, nkj)
I understand that there has been
AND
their impact in my everyday existence.  

b. Dialogue. Debate’s critical axis is a form of dialogic communication within a confined game space - unbridled affirmation outside the game space makes research impossible and destroys dialogue in debate

Hanghoj 8 http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008  Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant professor.  
Debate games are often based on
AND
as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

Dialogue is the biggest impact—the process of discussion precedes any truth claim by magnifying the benefits of any discussion

Morson 4 http://www.flt.uae.ac.ma/elhirech/baktine/0521831059.pdf#page=331 Northwestern Professor,  Prof. Morson's work ranges over a variety of areas: literary theory (especially narrative); the history of ideas, both Russian and European; a variety of literary genres (especially satire, utopia, and the novel); and his favorite writers -- Chekhov, Gogol, and, above all, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He is especially interested in the relation of literature to philosophy.
A belief in truly dialogic ideological
AND
must do is keep the conversation going. 

Dialogue is critical to affirming any value—shutting down deliberation devolves into totalitarianism and reinscribes oppression

Morson 4 http://www.flt.uae.ac.ma/elhirech/baktine/0521831059.pdf#page=331 Northwestern Professor,  Prof. Morson's work ranges over a variety of areas: literary theory (especially narrative); the history of ideas, both Russian and European; a variety of literary genres (especially satire, utopia, and the novel); and his favorite writers -- Chekhov, Gogol, and, above all, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He is especially interested in the relation of literature to philosophy.
Bakhtin viewed the whole process of “ideological”
AND
an ongoing spiral of intolerance.

c. Decisionmaking- Linking the ballot to a should question in combination with usfg simulation teaches the skills to organize pragmatic consequences and philosophical values into a course of action

Hanghoj 8 http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008
Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish
Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of
Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have
taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the
Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab
Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant
professor.
Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s
AND
of problem-based scenarios.  

Decisionmaking is a trump impact—it improves all aspects of life regardless of its specific goals

Shulman 9 president emeritus – Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, (Lee S, Education and a Civil Society: Teaching Evidence-Based Decision Making, p. ix-x)
These are the kinds of questions that
AND
all play a significant role in the lives of citizens.

d. Switch-side is key---Effective deliberation is only possible in a switch-side debate – forces critical thinking and better advocacy of one’s positions

Keller et al 1 – Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago (Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)
SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE a professional responsibility
AND
and beliefs pertaining to the issue. 

2

Their attempts to preserve human dignity and rights rely on a category of “subhuman” life that naturalizes the human/animal binary

Deckha 10 (Maneesha Deckha, Maneesha Deckha is Associate Professor at the University of Victoria Faculty of Law in Victoria, Canada. Professor Deckha’s research interests include critical animal studies, feminist analysis of law, law and culture, and bioethics. She is currently working on a book project analyzing the legal status of animals in Canada from a postcolonial feminist lens, 2010, “It’s time to abandon the idea of ‘human’ rights,” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, vol.8, no.3, http://www.thescavenger.net/animals/its-time-to-abandon-the-idea-of-human-rights-77234-536.html, azp)
Time for a new discourse That the
AND
dehumanization, but nonhumans as well. 

The oppression of different groups of humans seen in throughout history was conceived and perfected in humanity’s subjugation of other animals – their genealogy misdiagnoses and conceals the root of the problem

Dr. Steven Best 7 Associate Professor, Departments of Humanities and Philosophy, University of Texas, El Paso. Reviewing: Charles Patterson, The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust New York: Lantern Books, 2002, 280 pp., Journal of Critical Animal Studies, Vol 5, Issue 2
The Origins of Hierarchy "As long as
AND
supremacism and the ongoing pogrom against animals. 

Our alternative is to endorse the thought experiment of the voluntary global suicide of humanity – that solves

Kochi and Ordan 8 (Queen’s University, Borderlands journal, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf)
For some, guided by the pressure of
AND
we try to forget, suppress or repress it.

Border

Biopower does not make massacres vital—a specific form of violent sovereignty is also required

Ojakangas, 5 - PhD in Social Science and Academy research fellow @ the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies @ University of Helsinki – 2005 (Mika, “The Impossible Dialogue on Biopower: Foucault and Agamben,” May 2005, Foucault Studies, No. 2, http://www.foucault-studies.com/no2/ojakangas1.pdf)
Admittedly, in the era of biopolitics, as
AND
whatever arguments it chooses, be it God, Nature, or life. 

Biopower’s inevitable

Wright 8 (Nathan, Fellow at the Centre for Global Political Economy, “Camp as Paradigm: Bio-Politics and State Racism in Foucault and Agamben”, 2008 http://ccjournal.cgu.edu/past_issues/nathan_wright.html) TYBG
Perhaps the one failure of Foucault’s that,
AND
that escapes the problem of this racism.

Consciousness

Borders are key to developing common knowledge for decision-making and is a pre-req to ontological discussions

Parker and Addler-Nissen 12 Department of Political Science at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 2012 Noel and Rebecca, “Picking and Choosing the ‘Sovereign’ Border: A Theory of Changing State Bordering Practices”, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2012.660582
We can ?rst observe that borders help
AND
which it may be necessary to protect again

When we eliminate borders, it makes all conflicts civil wars, which makes peace an impossibility. Kosovo proves that partition is key to stability in any region

Downes, 6 (Alexander Downes, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Duke, More Borders, Less Conflict?: Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sais_review/v026/26.1downes.html)
The conventional wisdom among scholars and
AND
among Iraq's Shi'ites, Kurds, and Sunnis.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: Skyline TI | Judge: Jake Ziering

1

A. Interpretation: The affirmative must present and defend the hypothetical implementation of a plan by the United States federal government

“Resolved” implies a policy or legislative decision

Parcher 1 Jeff Parcher, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I turn to a
AND
are answers to a question.   

The USfg is the government in Washington D.C.

Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k http://encarta.msn.com
 “The federal government
AND
centered in Washington DC”

Economic engagement is an exchange between governments

Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
In order to establish a more effective
AND
of multiple types of positive sanctions.

B. Violation: The affirmative does not defend USfg action.

C. Our interpretation is best -

You can vote negative to endorse reconceptualization of the border —T only requires a determination that they are outside the bounds of the topic, NOT that they are wrong – this is a more effective way to rally support around their ideas-~--even the most liberal version of their evidence says debate can’t proceed without substantive procedural regulation like T, especially when they concede in 1AC cx that they advocate the reconceptualization of all borders

1. Limits-

Allowing the aff to talk about historical or tangential issues with Latin America is endless and uncontestable—they can give tons of personal narratives about the horrors of racism, sexism, classisim, and colonialism—we can’t dispute the historical facts that slavery on the plantation existed or was a major atrocity which is the only ground they give us—the other awful ground they give us does not allow a valuable discussion—there is a life that we have outside of debate—an unlimited topic ensures that we can only focus on debate and must give up on everything else—this makes debate not worth doing for anyone

Harris 13 (Scott, April 5 “This ballot by Scott Harris” http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php?topic=4762.0, nkj)
I understand that there has been
AND
their impact in my everyday existence.  

2. Dialogue. Debate’s critical axis is a form of dialogic communication within a confined game space - unbridled affirmation outside the game space makes research impossible and destroys dialogue in debate

Hanghoj 8 http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008  Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant professor.  
Debate games are often based on
AND
as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

Dialogue is critical to affirming any value—shutting down deliberation devolves into totalitarianism and reinscribes oppression

Morson 4 http://www.flt.uae.ac.ma/elhirech/baktine/0521831059.pdf#page=331 Northwestern Professor,  Prof. Morson's work ranges over a variety of areas: literary theory (especially narrative); the history of ideas, both Russian and European; a variety of literary genres (especially satire, utopia, and the novel); and his favorite writers -- Chekhov, Gogol, and, above all, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He is especially interested in the relation of literature to philosophy.
Bakhtin viewed the whole process of “ideological”
AND
an ongoing spiral of intolerance.

3. Decisionmaking- Linking the ballot to a should question in combination with usfg simulation teaches the skills to organize pragmatic consequences and philosophical values into a course of action

Hanghoj 8 http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008
Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish
Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of
Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have
taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the
Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab
Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant
professor.
Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s
AND
of problem-based scenarios.  

2

Their attempts to preserve human dignity and rights rely on a category of “subhuman” life that naturalizes the human/animal binary

Deckha 10 (Maneesha Deckha, Maneesha Deckha is Associate Professor at the University of Victoria Faculty of Law in Victoria, Canada. Professor Deckha’s research interests include critical animal studies, feminist analysis of law, law and culture, and bioethics. She is currently working on a book project analyzing the legal status of animals in Canada from a postcolonial feminist lens, 2010, “It’s time to abandon the idea of ‘human’ rights,” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, vol.8, no.3, http://www.thescavenger.net/animals/its-time-to-abandon-the-idea-of-human-rights-77234-536.html, azp)
Time for a new discourse That the
AND
dehumanization, but nonhumans as well. 

The oppression of different groups of humans seen in throughout history was conceived and perfected in humanity’s subjugation of other animals – their genealogy misdiagnoses and conceals the root of the problem

Dr. Steven Best 7 Associate Professor, Departments of Humanities and Philosophy, University of Texas, El Paso. Reviewing: Charles Patterson, The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust New York: Lantern Books, 2002, 280 pp., Journal of Critical Animal Studies, Vol 5, Issue 2
The Origins of Hierarchy "As long as
AND
supremacism and the ongoing pogrom against animals. 

Our alternative is to endorse the thought experiment of the voluntary global suicide of humanity – that solves

Kochi and Ordan 8 (Queen’s University, Borderlands journal, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf)
For some, guided by the pressure of
AND
we try to forget, suppress or repress it.

Case

Rejection of the resolution is an act of civil disobedience – their request of the ballot is contradictory with the goals of their resistance

Woozley, 76 (A.D., Professor of Moral Philosophy at University of Virginia, “Civil Disobedience and Punishment,” Ethics, Vol. 86, No. 4. (Jul., 1976), pp. 323-331, accessed via JSTOR)
The civil disobedient stands
AND
to demand it for themselves. 

Vote neg – dropping them is key to enlist sympathy for their movement and has a better chance of solving

Cohen, 72 – Marshall, University Professor, Emeritus, Professor of Philosophy and Law, Emeritus, and Dean, Emeritus, College of Letters, Arts and Sciences at USC “Liberalism and Disobedience,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 3. (Spring, 1972), pp. 283-314, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2265054.pdf
It is for this reason that the civil
AND
objective of the civil disobedient.

Their social movement is solely an attempt to be included into capitalism. These struggles continue to derail the anti-capitalist struggle

Herod 4 (James, Getting Free, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/05.htm)
The so-called New Social Movements
AND
into the class struggle, we will continue to flounder.

Specifically, their aesthetic supports the culture industry. It’s manufactured dissent

Spinks 2K (Dr. Lee lectures in English Literature at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, “Writing, Politics, and the Limit: Reading J. H. Prynne's "The Ideal Star-Fighter,"” Intertexts, Fall v4 i2 p144(23))
It would be easy to conclude from
AND
of its own internal logic" (Jameson 406). 

That means they can’t solve - Capitalism forms the foundation of racism

Taylor 11 (Keeanga-Yamahtta, doctoral candidate in the department of African American Studies at Northwestern U, Jan 4, wwww.socialistworker.org/2011/01/04/race-class-and-marxism)
Marxists argue that capitalism is a
AND
States, racism is the most important of those ideologies.