Tournament: Blake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown Day KS | Judge: Vivian Ha
1

Interpretation: Economic Engagement towards a government must be conditional.
Haass and O’Sullivan, 2k - *Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution (Richard and Meghan, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies” Survival _{vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf}

Many different types of engagement strategies exist, depending on who is engaged, the
AND
private sector in the hopes of promoting forces that will eventually facilitate cooperation.

Violation -  the plan isn’t conditional

Voting issue – for limits and ground – engagement is a huge mechanism; requiring the affirmative to use a predictable mechanism like a quid pro quo is essential for disad links and critiques of attaching strings

Key to neg ground – helps check back things like new affs by giving us more areas to attack – checks in round abuse
and in round abuse is an independent reason to vote neg. 

2

US-Brazil Relations are high now.
John Kerry, 8-13-2013, Secretary of State of the United States, “Remarks With Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio de Aguiar Patriota After Their Meeting,” http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2013/08/213105.htm

Now, obviously we have also had some moments of disagreement, and I’m sure
AND
people to include social inclusion and to work towards things like environmental sustainability.
Unilateral interference in Latin America greatly upsets Brazil – collapses relations.
David Rothkopf, 3-xx-2009, President and CEO of Garten Rothkopf, an international advisory firm specializing in transformational global trends, notably those associated with energy, security, and emerging markets, “The Perils of Rivalry,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf

There are other areas in which tension could enter the relationship. How the United
AND
to interject itself as a third party with a third point of view.
US-Brazil relationship is key to successful Asia pivot.
Zachary Keck, 5-03-2012, deputy editor of e-International Relations and an editorial assistant at The Diplomat, “With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for Brazil,” http://www.opeal.net/index.php?option=com_k2andview=itemandid=109613Awith-eye-on-asia-us-seeks-greater-global-security-role-for-brazilandItemid=149

With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for
AND
. Once again, the Obama administration sees Brazil as a viable candidate.
Successful Asia pivot solves China war.
Friedberg 11 Princeton IA professor, 9-4-11, (Aaron L., “China’s Challenge at Sea,” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/05/opinion/chinas-challenge-at-sea.html?_r=1, accessed 9-30-11)

If the United States and its Asian friends look to their own defenses and coordinate
AND
entire burden of preserving the Asian power balance, but it must lead.
Otherwise, it goes nuclear.
Glaser 11 GW University Political Science Professor, 11 (Charles, HARLES GLASER is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University., "Will China's Rise Lead to War? ", Foreign Affairs, Mar/April 2011, Vol. 90, Issue 2, factiva, accessed 11-9-11, ) 

The prospects for avoiding intense military competition and war may be good, but growth
AND
military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

3
Counter Plan Text: The USFG ought to offer Venezuela to  substantially increase its economic engagement with Venezuela through an exchange of the smell of roses grown under a sea that holds the world in the most confusing, mysterious, magical, perplexing, surreal, fantastic and dreamlike way that it can.   on the condition that Venezuela agrees to adhere to international border security standards

CP Solves and is Net Beneficial
Edwards 2008 (University of Georgia under Dr. Christopher Allen a political science professor, Increasing Trade Security: United States-Venezuelan Trade Incentives, University of Georgia http://juro.uga.edu/2008/2008papers/Edwards2008.pdf)// KC /3
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) passed the new International
AND
¶ namely Venezuela.  

Latin American narco-trafficking in African causes states’ collapse
Holmgren, Alexander. 5/16/13 (Major part of the Consultancy Africa Intelligence's Africa Watch Unit which focuses on the growing relevance of the African continent from economic, investment and political viewpoints “Drug trafficking in West Africa: Threatening regional peace, stability and security,” Consultancy African Intelligence, http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=876andItemid=322)//JR (“)

The trade in illicit narcotics exacerbates the chronic poverty in many West African states as
AND
a serious and growing threat to the region's stability and development.”(44)

Terrorist hubs formed in failed Africa states make WMD terrorism a distinct threat
Dempsy, Thomas, April 2006 (the Director of African Studies in the ¶ Department of National Security and Strategy at the U.S. Army ¶ War College. Colonel Dempsey is an Infantry officer who has ¶ held command and staff positions in the 25th Infantry Division ¶ and the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), and is a veteran of ¶ Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM. He has served ¶ as a strategic intelligence analyst for Africa at the John F. Kennedy ¶ Special Warfare Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and as Chief of ¶ Africa Branch for the Defense Intelligence Agency in Washington, ¶ DC. Prior to his assignment to the U.S. Army War College, Colonel ¶ Dempsey was the U.S. Defense Attache for Liberia and Sierra Leone, ¶ stationed in Monrovia, Liberia. He has published articles in Infantry¶ and Armor Magazine, as well as in Brassey’s Defense Analysis. Colonel ¶ Dempsey has a B.A. in History from Wichita State University, an ¶ M.A. in African Area Studies from the University of California at Los ¶ Angeles, and an M.M.A.S. in Theater Operations from the School ¶ of Advanced Military Studies at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He is ¶ currently a Doctoral Candidate in Public Administration at Penn ¶ State Harrisburg, “Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenged and Potential Solutions,” The Army’s Strategic Institute, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub649.pdf)//JR (“)

 Al Qaeda established terrorist hubs in Liberia and Sierra Leone to exploit the illegal
AND
periods of time to show results—time that ¶ may not be available

4
  

Deleuze’s thinking is Eurocentric and colonial
Saldívar 2006 (Saldívar, José David. "Border Thinking, Minoritized Studies, and Realist Interpellations: The Coloniality of Power From Gloria Anzaldúa to Arundhati Roy." In Identity Politics Reconsidered. Edited by Linda Alcoff. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.) DDI13

THE POLITICS OF “BECOMING MINOR” In a landmark 1987 conference at the University
AND
analysis can be defined only in political terms” (1990, 9).

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where genocide, death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, ‘8 Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-21 DDI13

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
AND
such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Acts of epistemic disobedience uncover the invisible violence of modernity and create the space for the perspective of the Global South
Mignolo (Professor of Literature in Duke University, Joint Appointments in Cultural Anthropology and Romance Studies) 2012 Walter, “Epistemic Disobedience and the Decolonial Option: A Manifesto,” Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 45-46, NDW DDI13

But the basic formulation of decolonial delinking (e.g., desprendimiento) was
AND
categories of Greek, Latin, and the six modern imperial European languages.

Case

The idea that we can transcend capitalist production and get to a pure space of immanence away from capitalism IS the ideology of capitalism par excellance – their attempt to get outside merely replicates the structures they criticize
Bülent Diken, lecturer in Sociology at Lancaster University, and Carsten Bagge Laustsen, Ph.D. student at the University of Copenhagen, Department of Political Sciences, September 2001, online: http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/Diken-Laustsen-Enjoy-Your-Fight.pdf, accessed August 24, 2004
The second strategy Fight Club adopts is, desperately searching for a non-consumerist
AND
enemy against which to rebel” (Hardt and Negri 2000: 211).
You
Extinction first – philosophy can never truly reach the meaning of life. Our impact is inestimably huge.

Albert Schweitzer, German-French philosopher, 1952 Nobel Peace Prize Winner, 1936, “The Ethics of Reverence for Life,” http://www1.chapman.edu/schweitzer/sch.reading4.html

Another commentary: Reverence for life is a universal ethic. / We do not
AND
in harmony with that Will. This is the mystical significance of ethics.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valle HH | Judge: David Weston
1

Interpretation: Economic Engagement towards a government must be conditional.
Haass and O’Sullivan, 2k - *Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution (Richard and Meghan, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies” Survival _{vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf}

Many different types of engagement strategies exist, depending on who is engaged, the
AND
private sector in the hopes of promoting forces that will eventually facilitate cooperation.

Violation -  the plan isn’t conditional – their plan mandates engagement towards Mexico but they aren’t QPQ

Voting issue – for limits and ground – engagement is a huge mechanism; requiring the affirmative to use a predictable mechanism like a quid pro quo is essential for disad links and critiques of attaching strings

2
CP TEXT: The United States federal government ought to offer to  The United States federal government should establish an economic bilateral partnership toward the government of Mexico for the prevention of human trafficking. if, and only if, the government of Mexico instates re-election procedures within the Mexican federal government, establishes and enforces term limits, strengthens the independent electoral system, standardizes electoral practices at state and local levels, and implement an improved law enforcement system to prevent electoral, police and judicial fraud and coercion.
Conditioning economic ties on election and law reform solves the case and eliminates political corruption in Mexico.
Alex Velez-Green et al, 10-19-2012, writer for the Harvard Political Review, author for the Harvard Institute of Politics National Security Student Policy Group, Robin Reyes, graduated from the University of Alabama with a degree in International Business and International Studies, organized the 2011 Emprende tu México summit on creating a climate for investment and entrepreneurship in Mexico, Master’s in the field of Government from Harvard University, studied at Harvard Business School and the Kennedy School of Government, Anthony Ramicone, Institute of Politics @ Harvard University, “Governmental, Judicial and Police Corruption,” http://www.iop.harvard.edu/sites/default/files_new/research-policy-papers/TheWarOnMexicanCartels.pdf

One way to reduce political corruption is to instate reelection procedures within the Mexican
AND
as it will require much less bureaucracy and will produce more direct results.
Election reform is key to solve corruption – inaction collapses Mexican democracy.
NYT, 6-24-2009, the New York Times, American daily newspaper, has won 112 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other news organization, “Crime Threatens Democracy, Mexico’s President Warns,” http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/25/world/americas/25mexico.html

President Felipe Calderón said Wednesday that the future of democracy in Mexico was at stake
AND
had found a list suggesting possible links between the police and organized crime.
Mexican democracy collapse kills global democracy – effective transition causes modeling.
Shannon K. O’Neal, 4-29-2013, a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible: Mexico, the United States, and the Road Ahead,” http://mexidata.info/id3609.html

Diplomatically, we also need to rethink the United States' approach in light of Mexico's
AND
the game-changing importance of political choices being made just next door.
Democracy solves extinction.
Larry Diamond, 1995, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, December 1995, Promoting Democracy in the 1990s, http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm

OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-
AND
which a new world order of international security and prosperity can be built.

3

The aff operates in a modernist logic of recognition that privileges “respect, freedom, and equality” and leaves UNTOUCHED the basic structures of oppression—betterment of peoples lives within the colonial matrix of power is insufficient to solve
Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, ‘8 Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 148-50 DDI13

It is not possible to understand fully the difference between Fanon's and Honneth's critical takes
AND
violates the very meaning and purpose of the logic of lordship and bondage. 

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where genocide, death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, ‘8 Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-21 DDI13

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
AND
such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Acts of epistemic disobedience uncover the invisible violence of modernity and create the space for the perspective of the Global South
Mignolo (Professor of Literature in Duke University, Joint Appointments in Cultural Anthropology and Romance Studies) 2012 Walter, “Epistemic Disobedience and the Decolonial Option: A Manifesto,” Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 45-46, NDW DDI13

But the basic formulation of decolonial delinking (e.g., desprendimiento) was
AND
categories of Greek, Latin, and the six modern imperial European languages.

4
US-Brazil Relations are high now.
John Kerry, 8-13-2013, Secretary of State of the United States, “Remarks With Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio de Aguiar Patriota After Their Meeting,” http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2013/08/213105.htm

Now, obviously we have also had some moments of disagreement, and I’m sure
AND
people to include social inclusion and to work towards things like environmental sustainability.
Unilateral interference in Latin America greatly upsets Brazil – collapses relations.
David Rothkopf, 3-xx-2009, President and CEO of Garten Rothkopf, an international advisory firm specializing in transformational global trends, notably those associated with energy, security, and emerging markets, “The Perils of Rivalry,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf

There are other areas in which tension could enter the relationship. How the United
AND
to interject itself as a third party with a third point of view.
US-Brazil relationship is key to successful Asia pivot.
Zachary Keck, 5-03-2012, deputy editor of e-International Relations and an editorial assistant at The Diplomat, “With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for Brazil,” http://www.opeal.net/index.php?option=com_k2andview=itemandid=109613Awith-eye-on-asia-us-seeks-greater-global-security-role-for-brazilandItemid=149

With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for
AND
. Once again, the Obama administration sees Brazil as a viable candidate.
Successful Asia pivot solves China war.
Friedberg 11 Princeton IA professor, 9-4-11, (Aaron L., “China’s Challenge at Sea,” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/05/opinion/chinas-challenge-at-sea.html?_r=1, accessed 9-30-11)

If the United States and its Asian friends look to their own defenses and coordinate
AND
entire burden of preserving the Asian power balance, but it must lead.
Otherwise, it goes nuclear.
Glaser 11 GW University Political Science Professor, 11 (Charles, HARLES GLASER is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University., "Will China's Rise Lead to War? ", Foreign Affairs, Mar/April 2011, Vol. 90, Issue 2, factiva, accessed 11-9-11, ) 

The prospects for avoiding intense military competition and war may be good, but growth
AND
military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

Case

Human trafficking occurs not as a result of insufficient economic engagement but instead because the host nation has no actual incentive to fix it – disproves every element of the 1AC
Mexico would say no / circumvent
Engagement fails
Fahey ‘9
Diane.  Assc Prof Law @ NYU School of Law.  “Can Tax Policy Stop Human Trafficking?” The Georgetown Journal of International Law, Vol 40 No 2. Winter 2009. ln
The rise in human trafficking can be attributed to many factors, such as overpopulation
AND
which refuse to sign the Kyoto treaty in order to force compliance. 15

They conceded they can’t solve 100 of patriarchy AND
Anti-trafficking interventions are counterproductive and trap victims in oppressive conditions
DANAILOVA-TRAINOR AND LACZKO 2010 (Gergana, US GAO; and Frank, International Organization for Migration, International Migration 48:4, Wiley Online Library)
For example, in a recent paper Dottridge (2008) suggests that “initiatives
AND
another, for example, from internal to cross-border trafficking.8

Consequences first – its most ethical – our ev cites best studies
Greene ‘10
Josh. Assc Prof Social Science (Psychology) at Harvard. “The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul” published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, 2010
What turn-of-the-millennium science is telling us is that human
AND
religion, they don't really explain what's distinctive about the philosophy in question.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: New Trier OW | Judge: Jason Sigalos
1

Interpretation: Economic Engagement towards a government must be conditional.
Haass and O’Sullivan, 2k - *Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution (Richard and Meghan, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies” Survival _{vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf}

Many different types of engagement strategies exist, depending on who is engaged, the
AND
private sector in the hopes of promoting forces that will eventually facilitate cooperation.

Violation -  the plan isn’t conditional – their plan mandates engagement towards Cuba but they aren’t QPQ

Voting issue – for limits and ground – engagement is a huge mechanism; requiring the affirmative to use a predictable mechanism like a quid pro quo is essential for disad links and critiques of attaching strings

2
US-Brazil Relations are high now.
John Kerry, 8-13-2013, Secretary of State of the United States, “Remarks With Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio de Aguiar Patriota After Their Meeting,” http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2013/08/213105.htm

Now, obviously we have also had some moments of disagreement, and I’m sure
AND
people to include social inclusion and to work towards things like environmental sustainability.
Unilateral interference in Latin America greatly upsets Brazil – collapses relations.
David Rothkopf, 3-xx-2009, President and CEO of Garten Rothkopf, an international advisory firm specializing in transformational global trends, notably those associated with energy, security, and emerging markets, “The Perils of Rivalry,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf

There are other areas in which tension could enter the relationship. How the United
AND
to interject itself as a third party with a third point of view.
US-Brazil relationship is key to successful Asia pivot.
Zachary Keck, 5-03-2012, deputy editor of e-International Relations and an editorial assistant at The Diplomat, “With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for Brazil,” http://www.opeal.net/index.php?option=com_k2andview=itemandid=109613Awith-eye-on-asia-us-seeks-greater-global-security-role-for-brazilandItemid=149

With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for
AND
. Once again, the Obama administration sees Brazil as a viable candidate.
Successful Asia pivot solves China war.
Friedberg 11 Princeton IA professor, 9-4-11, (Aaron L., “China’s Challenge at Sea,” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/05/opinion/chinas-challenge-at-sea.html?_r=1, accessed 9-30-11)

If the United States and its Asian friends look to their own defenses and coordinate
AND
entire burden of preserving the Asian power balance, but it must lead.
Otherwise, it goes nuclear.
Glaser 11 GW University Political Science Professor, 11 (Charles, HARLES GLASER is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University., "Will China's Rise Lead to War? ", Foreign Affairs, Mar/April 2011, Vol. 90, Issue 2, factiva, accessed 11-9-11, ) 

The prospects for avoiding intense military competition and war may be good, but growth
AND
military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

3
 CP TEXT: The United States federal government should offer to negotiate the rules and regulations for a cooperative initiative between the governments of the United States and South Korea to  normalize hydrocarbon cooperation toward Cuba..
It solves and is net beneficial—cooperation with South Korea in Latin America is both feasible and key to the Korean economy—the plan’s unilateral engagement crowds out Korean influence.
Sarah K. Yun, 1-18-2012, Director of Public Affairs and Regional Issues for the Korea Economic Institute, “Korea: The Pivot in Latin America,” http://blog.keia.org/2012/01/korea-the-pivot-in-latin-america/

The economic relationship has been the most dynamic and salient aspect of Korea-Latin
AND
could lead to a successful and comprehensive relationship between Korea and Latin America.
South Korea economic growth is key to solve North Korea war—the impact is extinction.
Dr. Manzur Ejaz, 1-05-2006, World Bank Affiliate, Economist Pak Base, “Pakistan can learn from South Korea's economic woes,” http://users.erols.com/ziqbal/jan_5.htm

The East Asian currencies in general and South Korean in particular have lost about half
AND
instability there, and that can have all kinds of national security implications."   

4
5

Discourse of growth and development is rooted in universalist economic rationality with racist/paternalistic presumption of a ‘knowledge gap’ in the Global South
Elabdin (Associate Professor and Chair of Economics @ Franklin and Marshall College) 4
(Eiman, Postcolonialism Meets Economics, edited by Eiman Elabdin and S Charusheela 30-31) 

The problem of knowledge has been the object of intense reflection in the past half
AND
the knowledge that becomes their frame of reference for knowing their own selves.

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where genocide, death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary
Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, ‘8 Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-21 DDI13

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
AND
such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Acts of epistemic disobedience uncover the invisible violence of modernity and create the space for the perspective of the Global South
Mignolo (Professor of Literature in Duke University, Joint Appointments in Cultural Anthropology and Romance Studies) 2012 Walter, “Epistemic Disobedience and the Decolonial Option: A Manifesto,” Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 45-46, NDW DDI13

But the basic formulation of decolonial delinking (e.g., desprendimiento) was
AND
categories of Greek, Latin, and the six modern imperial European languages.

Case

Environment

Their “eco” collapse claims are exaggerated
Salleh 13- PhD on the role of the media in debates over the risk of new technologies and is a research associate with the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism at the University of Technology Sydney. Anna has degrees in science and journalism, and has worked as a researcher and producer on Australian Story, Quantum, The Investigators (ABC TV) and Insight (SBS TV) programs., Australian Broadcasting Corporation (Anna S. 2/28/2013 "Ecologists Reject 'Doomsday-Like' Scenario" http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SNY5587-0-8705andartno=0000350232andtype=ARTandshfilter=Uandkey=Extinction2028Biology29andtitle=Ecologists20Reject2027Doomsday-Like2720Scenarioandres=Yandren=Yandgov=Yandlnk=Yandic=N )PHS

Planet's Earth's terrestrial life is not likely to suffer sudden global collapse at the hands
AND
have an impact on triggering tipping points at the global scale," he says 

the Gulf’s bacteria ate oil – solves spills

Koebler 13- Reporter and Web Producer Feb. 2011 - Present University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of Journalism College Park, Md.Major in journalism, Minor in SpanishB.A. earned May 2010, U.S. News (Jason K. 4/8/2013 "Study: Oil-Eating Bacteria Mitigated Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill" http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/04/08/study-oil-eating-bacteria-mitigated-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill )PHS

Oil-eating bacteria that are abundant in the Gulf of Mexico may have prevented
AND
somewhere that overwhelms the gulf's ability to clean itself up," he says.

U.S. Tech capabilities irrelevant, humans will always make errors. Solvency is impossible
Genovali 13- executive director of Raincoast Conservation Foundation. Misty MacDuffee is Raincoast's wild salmon program director., The Toronto Star (Chris G. 4/3/2013 "Dirty truth about oil spills;  Government platitudes ignore the reality that human error is inevitabl" Lexis )PHS

The federal government's recently stated intention to establish a "world-class oil spill
AND
to respond does not necessarily translate into effective cleanup of an oil spill.

oil

The plan would solve oil dependence -~-- makes important OPEC producers like Venezuela irrelevant
Pinon 11 – Jorge R. Piñón is a visiting research fellow at the Latin American and Caribbean Center’s Cuban Research Institute at FIU. Spring 2011, "Why the United States and Cuba Collaborate (and What Could Happen If They Don't)"casgroup.fiu.edu/pages/docs/2157/1306356964_Hemisphere_Vol._20.pdf
If Cuba’s suspected but yet undiscovered hydrocarbon reserves are proven real, it will take
AND
from the guidance of a variety of partners, including the United States.

Saudi would flood the market in response to the plan and crash oil prices

Hulbert 12 - Lead Analyst at European Energy Review; Senior Research Fellow, Netherlands Institute for International Relations; Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Security Studies (Hulbert, Matthew. “OPEC's Pending Bloodbath”. June 10, 2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewhulbert/2012/06/10/opecs-pending-bloodbath/)

That’s unlikely to happen, precisely because Riyadh can bring further pricing pressures to bear
AND
unless the cartel is absolutely determined to keep pricing itself out of existence.

Russian economic collapse causes global nuclear war

Steven David, January/February 1999; Professor of International Relations and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs at the Johns Hopkins University, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, , http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19990101faessay955/steven-r-david/saving-america-from-the-coming-civilwars.html

If internal war does strike Russia, economic deterioration will be a prime cause.
AND
of Soviet communism, a second civil war might produce another horrific regime.

Relations
Alternative to robust Chinese influence is internal conflict
Mead 09 Walter Russell Mead, Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Only Makes You Stronger,” The New Republic, 2/4/9, http://www.tnr.com/story_print.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8 

The greatest danger both to U.S.-China relations and to American power
AND
of modernization and change; nobody knows what will happen if the growth stops

That goes nuclear
Yee and Storey 02 Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality. 2002, Pg 5

The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of
AND
disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.

Tournament: Harvard JV | Round: Doubles | Opponent: McDonough NJ | Judge: Trijillo, Carrelli, Gurule
ERROR

Tournament: Harvard JV | Round: Octas | Opponent: Capitol Debate North DL | Judge: Guth, Darmody, Weisberger

1

TPA will pass –Obama will put in the work to get Dems on board

Spulak 2/12
Thomas Spulak is a partner and Bonnie Byers is a consultant in King and Spalding’s Washington, D.C., office. "Expect Trade Promotion Authority Bill To Pass"Law360, New York February 12, 2014 http://www.law360.com/articles/509435/expect-trade-promotion-authority-bill-to-pass
It is hard to imagine that a TPA bill will not be enacted, but
AND
work this out with his fellow Democrats. We believe that he will.

Economic engagement with Mexico kills TPA – sparks massive Republican backlash

Michael Shear, 5-5-2013, NYT White House correspondent, "In Latin America, US Shifts Focus from Drug War to Economy," http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/world/americas/in-latin-america-us-shifts-focus-from-drug-war-to-economy.html?pagewanted=all

Last week, Mr. Obama returned to capitals in Latin America with a vastly
AND
," said José Miguel Vivanco, director of Human Rights Watch’s Americas division.

Obama push key and needs all of his political capital—alternative is economic decline and protectionism

Financial Times 1/30 – Editorial "Rescuing America’s global trade agenda: Obama must pull out all stops to get fast-track authority", January 30, 2014 6:17 pm, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0acee79c-89a2-11e3-8829-00144feab7de.html~~23axzz2s0gjSkOa, Accessed 1/31/14, SB

Harry Reid, the Senate majority leader, has done the United States a disservice
AND
Failure to secure fast track would be a grievous blow to his presidency.

Protectionism leads to war—interdependence is key to check conflict

Donald J. Boudreaux 06. Chairman of the Economics Department at George Mason University and holds PhD in Economics from Auburn University, International Lecturer, "Want world peace? Support free trade," http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1120/p09s02-coop.html   
Everyone knows that a key to the Democrats’ big electoral win was their opposition to
AND
against the long-run prospects for peace that they so fervently desire.

2

====Technological innovation reflects the interest of the West—exacerbates inequality ====
Lau 13—POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW CENTER FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY ? UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAZayago Lau, E. (2013): "The social relevance of nanotechnology in México", Sociología y tecnociencia/Sociology and Technoscience, 3(2): 48-70.http://sociologia.palencia.uva.es/revista/index.php/sociologiaytecnociencia/article/view/21/30

Social relevance, in principle, involves a series of conditions, derived from historic
AND
and that have affected the trajectory of NT ¶ development in Mexico.  

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where genocide, death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary

Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 08 ~Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-21~ DDI13

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
AND
such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Thus the alternative is to delink from Eurocentric modernity and engage in epistemic disobedience

Mignolo (Professor of Literature in Duke University, Joint Appointments in Cultural Anthropology and Romance Studies) 2012 Walter, "Epistemic Disobedience and the Decolonial Option: A Manifesto," Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 45-46, NDW DDI13

But the basic formulation of decolonial delinking (e.g., desprendimiento) was
AND
categories of Greek, Latin, and the six modern imperial European languages.

3

China is poised to become the global leader in nanotechnology—North American R26D destroys that and their economy

Mackenzie 09 (Tom, The Guardian, 3/25, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/mar/26/nanotechnology-china)

The global nanotechnology market could top 242tn by 2012, predicts Tim Harper,
AND
be sufficient to confer global economic leadership on the country", he adds.

New IP cooperation incentivizes nanotech research in developing countries and expands US market share—incentives are key

Lodwick et al 7—T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues, R. Sandler*, W.D. Kay * Nanotechnology and Society Research Group (NSRG), Northeastern University Santa Clara University, School of Law, *NSRG, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, NSRG, Deapartment of Political Science, Northeastern University ("Nanotechnology and the Global Poor: United States Policy and International Collaborations," Nano Science and Technology Institute, http://www.nsti.org/procs/Nanotech2007v1/8/T81.501)//BJ

Nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing have tremendous potential for benefiting the global poor—the approximately 2
AND
and security in developing nations and creating new markets for United States companies.

Chinese decline sparks nationalism and lashout

Friedberg 10—Professor of Politics and International Affairs – Princeton, Asia Expert – CFR, ’10 (Aaron, "Implications of the Financial Crisis for the US-China Rivalry," Survival, Volume 52, Issue 4, August, p. 31 – 54) 

Despite its magnitude, Beijing’s stimulus programme was insufficient¶ to forestall a sizeable spike
AND
it to behave in¶ unexpected, and perhaps unexpectedly aggressive, ways.

That goes nuclear

Yee 26 Storey 02 (Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality. 2002, Pg 5)

The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of
AND
disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.

4

Text: The Office of the United States Trade Representative should reform the Special 301 report to:

—remove corporate influences from the listing process

—increase the transparency, fairness, and objectiveness of the Special 301 Process

—permanently take China and Canada off of all Special 301 lists

The lack of transparency, corporate lobbying, and placement of countries that don’t belong on the 301 report increases hostility and undermines IP cred

Sutton 12—Global Policy Analyst at the Electronic Frontier Foundation (Maira, "Special 301 Report 2012: The USTR’s Bogus List of Countries That "Don’t Enforce" Copyrights," Electronic Frontier Foundation, 5/2, https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/05/special-301-report-2012-ustrs-absurd-list-international-disappointments)//BJ

Mike Masnick of Techdirt has covered the publication of the Special 301 Report for several
AND
based on fair and transparent process and an objective assessment of empirical evidence.

Case

IP Leadership

The affirmative misdiagnosis China’s actions—aggressive stances from the Chinese government stem from a need to divert attention from economic slowdown and appease nationalist sentiment—the aff’s confrontational stance with China only exacerbates insecurity within the CCP

Robert S. Ross, 12/6/12, Foreign Affairs Magazine, "The Problem With the Pivot: Obama’s New Asia Policy Is Unnecessary and Counterproductive," Robert S. Ross is Professor of Political Science at Boston College and an Associate at the John King Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard University. He is the author of Chinese Security Policy: Structure, Power, and Politics.

At the time, many analysts interpreted China’s new belligerence as a sign of the
AND
rather than alarmism, will best serve U.S. national security.¶ 

AND, intellectual property turns the case – causes restriction of medication and dooms international cooperation.

Jones, 8 (Ben, an Engineer and a Writer, citing a study by The Innovation Group, "Study Says Intellectual Property System Should Die," Torrent Freak, September 11, 2008, http://torrentfreak.com/study-says-intellectual-property-system-should-die-080911/;)
¶ A recently released study has claims that the current ’Intellectual Property’ situation in
AND
IP’, there are those that refuse to use the term at all.

No effective China-US cooperation – remiliteraization and territorial claims.

Chang 10 ~Gordon G., author of Nuclear Showdown: North Korea Takes On the World, released by Random House in January 2006.  Showdown focuses on nuclear proliferation in general and the North Korean crisis in particular.  His first book is The Coming Collapse of China (Random House, August 2001). He is a columnist at Forbes.com.  He lived and worked in China and Hong Kong for almost two decades, most recently in Shanghai, as Counsel to the American law firm Paul Weiss and earlier in Hong Kong as Partner in the international law firm Baker 26 McKenzie.   His writings on China and North Korea have appeared in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, the Far Eastern Economic Review, the International Herald Tribune, Commentary, The Weekly Standard, National Review, and Barron’s.   He has spoken at Columbia, Cornell, Princeton, Yale, and other universities and at The Brookings Institution, The Heritage Foundation, the Cato Institute, RAND, the American Enterprise Institute, the Council on Foreign Relations, and other institutions.  He has given briefings at the National Intelligence Council, the Central Intelligence Agency, the State Department, and the Pentagon.  He has also spoken before industry and investor groups including Bloomberg, Sanford Bernstein, and Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia.  Chang has testified before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission and has delivered to the Commission a report on the future of China’s economy.   , Trouble in Fishing Waters China’s military provocations.  October 11, 2010, Vol. 16, No. 04  http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/trouble-fishing-waters?page=2~~

So why did Beijing make the strategic shift from subtle diplomacy to outright confrontation?
AND
and that we now need to adjust our assumptions and our policies fast.

Biotech

Biotech

Status quo solves – high patent numbers, eligibility for biotech.
Economist, 10  The Economist, British Weekly Newspaper, "Intellectual-property environment in Mexico," Economist, January 2010, accessed via pdf)
Mexico has a high number of gross annual patent filings; more than 16,
AND
a natural state, animal breeds, and human tissue and plant varieties.

Intellectual property rights are co-opted

Gerhard, 12 (Adam, writer for Science 2.0, online science forum, "The Problems Of Biotechnology - GM Foods," Science 2.0, October 4, 2012, http://www.science20.com/gerhard_adam/problems_biotechnology_gm_foods-94650;)

¶ Considering two of the primary genetic modifications involves plants that have the Bt toxin
AND
in the future, the science will have little input into the results.

Turn – US intellectual property laws and the expansion of biotech companies allow for companies to stake claims on children – ingestion of GMO crops is key.

Tierney, 13 (Sumner, "Biotech companies could become real-life ’Body Snatchers’ - are patents on people next?" Natural News, August 7, 2013, http://www.naturalnews.com/041518_biotech_body_snatchers_gene_patents.html;)
¶  (NaturalNews) If big, bad biotech companies keep getting their way in
AND
. Accidental contamination seems not to have stopped their insidious reach so far.

Won’t go to war over food – your impact makes no sense

Gordon Chang, 2-21-11, Cornell Law School, "Global Food Wars," http://blogs.forbes.com/gordonchang/2011/02/21/global-food-wars/
In any event, food-price increases have apparently been factors in the unrest
AND
of human innovation in free societies—and the efficiency of free markets. 

Economy

Econ

Economic decline empirically doesn’t cause great power wars – global integration checks

Barnett, senior managing director of Enterra Solutions, 9
~Thomas P.M., August 24, World Politics Review, "The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis," http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/4213/the-new-rules-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis, accessed 7-13-13, UR~

Can we say that the world has suffered a distinct shift to political radicalism as
AND
which America’s fiscal profligacy goes undisciplined, so bring it on — please21

Economy is resilient – there are inherent market checks

Zakaria, Editor of Newsweek International, 9
~Fareed, December 11, Newsweek, "The Secrets of Stability," http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/12/11/the-secrets-of-stability.html, accessed 7-13-13, UR~

Pundits whose bearishness had been vindicated predicted we were doomed to a long, painful
AND
forces for stability, each reinforcing the other and each historical in nature.

Mex Econ

Alt cause – Corruption tanks the economy

Archibald, New York Times, Mexico Bureau Chief, 12
~Randal C. Archibald, 4-23-12, New York Times, "Even as It Hurts Mexican Economy, Bribery Is Taken in Stride", http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/world/americas/bribery-tolerated-even-as-it-hurts-mexican-economy.html, accessed, 7-13-13 AMS~

Fiscal watchdogs chafe at the way bribery and other forms of corruption are taken in
AND
crime groups buy off police officers or politicians to look the other way.

Tournament: Harvard JV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Milton MH | Judge: Mendelevitz

1

Interpretation – US Economic Engagement must be quid pro quo.

Helweg – 2000 – International Affairs Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations (M. Diana Helweg, 2000, "Taking Sanctions into the Twenty-First Century," Economic Strategy and National Security: a next generation approach, ed. Patrick DeSouza, p. 143-145)

To fill the policy vacuum left by the reduced use of sanctions, the United
AND
targeted country to change its offending behavior before it loses more business.35

Violation -  the plan isn’t conditional – their plan mandates engagement with Mexico but they aren’t QPQ

Voting issue – for limits and ground – engagement is a huge mechanism; requiring the affirmative to use a predictable mechanism like a quid pro quo is essential for disad links and critiques of attaching strings

2

TPA Will Pass – Obama will reach compromises with democrats.

Spulak and Byers, 2/12/14 (Thomas Spulak is a partner and Bonnie Byers is a consultant in King and Spalding’s Washington, D.C., office, "Expect Trade Promotion Authority Bill To Pass," Law360, LexisNexis, February 12, 2014, http://www.law360.com/articles/509435/expect-trade-promotion-authority-bill-to-pass;)

¶ In his State of the Union address, President Obama enumerated a host of
AND
work this out with his fellow Democrats. We believe that he will.

Obama push key and needs all of his political capital—alternative is economic decline and protectionism

Financial Times 1/30 – Editorial "Rescuing America’s global trade agenda: Obama must pull out all stops to get fast-track authority", January 30, 2014 6:17 pm, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0acee79c-89a2-11e3-8829-00144feab7de.html~~23axzz2s0gjSkOa, Accessed 1/31/14, SB

Harry Reid, the Senate majority leader, has done the United States a disservice
AND
Failure to secure fast track would be a grievous blow to his presidency.

Protectionism leads to war—interdependence is key to check conflict

Donald J. Boudreaux 06. Chairman of the Economics Department at George Mason University and holds PhD in Economics from Auburn University, International Lecturer, "Want world peace? Support free trade," http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1120/p09s02-coop.html   
Everyone knows that a key to the Democrats’ big electoral win was their opposition to
AND
against the long-run prospects for peace that they so fervently desire.

3

US-Brazil Relations are high now.

John Kerry, 8-13-2013, Secretary of State of the United States, "Remarks With Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio de Aguiar Patriota After Their Meeting," http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2013/08/213105.htm

Now, obviously we have also had some moments of disagreement, and I’m sure
AND
people to include social inclusion and to work towards things like environmental sustainability.

Unilateral interference in Latin America greatly upsets Brazil – collapses relations.

David Rothkopf, 3-xx-2009, President and CEO of Garten Rothkopf, an international advisory firm specializing in transformational global trends, notably those associated with energy, security, and emerging markets, "The Perils of Rivalry," http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf

There are other areas in which tension could enter the relationship. How the United
AND
to interject itself as a third party with a third point of view.

US-Brazil relationship is key to successful Asia pivot.

Zachary Keck, 5-03-2012, deputy editor of e-International Relations and an editorial assistant at The Diplomat, "With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for Brazil," http://www.opeal.net/index.php?option=com_k226view=item26id=109613Awith-eye-on-asia-us-seeks-greater-global-security-role-for-brazil26Itemid=149

With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for
AND
. Once again, the Obama administration sees Brazil as a viable candidate.

Successful Asia pivot solves east Asian naval confrontations.

Friedberg 11 Princeton IA professor, 9-4-11, (Aaron L., "China’s Challenge at Sea," http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/05/opinion/chinas-challenge-at-sea.html?_r=1, accessed 9-30-11)

If the United States and its Asian friends look to their own defenses and coordinate
AND
entire burden of preserving the Asian power balance, but it must lead. 

Otherwise, it goes nuclear.

Glaser 11 GW University Political Science Professor, 11 (Charles, HARLES GLASER is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University., "Will China’s Rise Lead to War? ", Foreign Affairs, Mar/April 2011, Vol. 90, Issue 2, factiva, accessed 11-9-11, ) 

The prospects for avoiding intense military competition and war may be good, but growth
AND
military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

4

Trade and finance are the method of choice for dominating the Global South and cementing coloniality—breeds racism and violence and has no place in the decolonial ethics of our alt

Kanth 5 ~Rajani Kannepalli, Against Eurocentrism:  A Transcendent Critique of Modernist Science, Society, and Morals 67-69~

The firearm, the printing press, paper, and the compass were to become
AND
these propositions, whose truth is confirmable by simple, direct observation alone. 

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where genocide, death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary

Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, ’8 ~Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-21~ DDI13

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
AND
such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Acts of epistemic disobedience uncover the invisible violence of modernity and create the space for the perspective of the Global South

Mignolo (Professor of Literature in Duke University, Joint Appointments in Cultural Anthropology and Romance Studies) 2012 Walter, "Epistemic Disobedience and the Decolonial Option: A Manifesto," Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 45-46, NDW DDI13

But the basic formulation of decolonial delinking (e.g., desprendimiento) was
AND
categories of Greek, Latin, and the six modern imperial European languages.

Case

1NC Exports Turn

====Link – peso devaluation leads to exports====
Villarreal ’10 ~6/3/10, M. Angeles Villarreal is an Analyst in International Trade and Finance in the Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of the Congressional Research Service.
 "NAFTA and the Mexican Economy," http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34733.pdf~~

The peso steadily depreciated through the end of the 1990s, which led to greater exports and helped the country’s exporting industries. However, the peso devaluation also resulted in a decline in real income, hurting mostly the poorest segments of the population, but also the newly emerging middle class. Yet, NAFTA and the change in the Mexican economy to an export-based economy may have helped to soften the impact of the currency devaluation.

====Manufacturing exports are k2 mexican economy – and dependence on US is bad – leads to inevitable economic swings—turns aff====
Villarreal ’10 ~9/16/10, M. Angeles Villarreal is an Analyst in International Trade and Finance in the Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of the Congressional Research Service. "The Mexican Economy After the Global
Financial Crisis," Congressional Research Service http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41402.pdf~~

The Mexican economy experienced the most serious decline in economic growth in Latin America after the global financial crisis began in 2008. Mexico’s dependence on manufacturing exports and strong ties to the U.S. economy have made the country very vulnerable to external events and changing economic conditions in the United States. Public sector revenues declined as a result of the crisis, and a number of estimates indicate that Mexico’s gross domestic product (GDP) contracted by 6.6 in 2009. Though GDP is expected to grow in 2010, some economists predict that Mexico’s economy will not return to its pre-crisis level for some time. Although Mexico has done much to modify its economic policy over the last 20 years through trade liberalization, privatization efforts, and a floating exchange rate regime, these policies have not been enough to protect Mexico from fluctuations in the U.S. economy. Many analysts argue that structural weaknesses in the Mexican economy have prevented the country from experiencing higher levels of growth and decreasing its dependence on the U.S. economy

1NC Peso Resilient

Peso is Resilient- recent pullbacks prove

Lazzara, 3/13/13 (Anthony, CEO of Newport Beach, Calif., commodities investment firm Lido Isle Advisors, spent 10 years as a trader and floor broker at the Chicago Board of Trade and Chicago Mercantile Exchange, significant experience in the energy, fixed income, and equity futures markets, independent futures trader, educate investors on how to invest in professional traders, CEO of Lido Isle Advisors; "Mexican peso rallies after rate cut"- Futures Magazine; 3/13/13; http://www.futuresmag.com/2013/03/13/mexican-peso-rallies-after-rate-cut)**
We focus more on the Mexican Peso/USD today.  Even with the Banxico rate cut several days ago, the currency has actually rallied a lot since then. We believe the currency is now at overbought levels on the short term and we expect a pullback. The currency could even pullback to the .079 level before potentially heading higher.

1NC US Banking Resilient

U.S. Banking Sector is Resilient- recent stress tests prove

Reuters 4/8 ("Bernanke Says Stress Tests Make Banks More Stable"- CNBC; 4/8/13; http://www.cnbc.com/id/100625500)**
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said on Monday the central bank’s periodic bank stress tests
AND
on short-term sources of funding, raising some potential for trouble.

1NC Econ Resilient

first, their impact is global economic decline but they only solve for one emerging market at best 

AND Economic declines don’t cause war – 93 empirical examples – 2008 proves.

Miller 2K
(Morris Miller, economist, adjunct professor in the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Administration, consultant on international development issues, former Executive Director and Senior Economist at the World Bank, Winter 2000, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, Iss. 4, "Poverty as a cause of wars?" p. Proquest)

The question may be reformulated. Do wars spring from a popular reaction to a
AND
by increasing repression (thereby using one form of violence to abort another).

1NC Banks Don’t Solve Warming

Clean Tech not cost-competitive- investors don’t think it’s beneficial and that it’ll fail

James 3/1 (Adam, writes about climate change and clean/green technology and environmental reforms, "The Angels and Demons of Clean Tech Investment"- Climate Progress; 3/1/13; http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/03/01/1657981/obstacles-early-clean-tech-investing/)**
Decarbonizing electricity markets is a core task in the effort to tackle climate change.
AND
, in addition to accurately pricing carbon and correcting market failures like pollution.

1NC Warming

Warming inevitable even if we cut emissions to zero—multiple studies confirm

Gillett et al 10—director @ the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
Nathan, "Ongoing climate change following a complete cessation of carbon dioxide emissions". Nature Geoscience 

Several recent studies have demonstrated that CO2-induced 17 global mean temperature change is
AND
several centuries owing to the long delay associated with 42 subsurface ocean warming.

Satellite data proves no catastrophic warming – means it won’t cause extinction

Thomas Pearson, research analyst at CEI, 2002, in Global Warming and Other Eco-myths edited by Ronald Bailey, pg. 322

Highly accurate temperature measurements, however, have been taken from space using microwave sounding
AND
fears that man-made global warming will result in a climate catastrophe. 

No modeling in China – it’s structurally impossible

Downs 8—Eric, Fellow @ Brookings, China Energy Fellow, Foreign Policy, John L. Thornton China Center U.S.-China Economic 26 Security Review Commission, China’s Energy Policies and Their Environmental Impacts, http://www.brookings.edu/testimony/2008/0813_china_downs.aspx

China suffers from a disconnect between the increasingly prominent position of energy issues on its
AND
bend other actors, notably firms and local governments, to its will.

1NC Asia Conflict

Accelerating the decline to multipolarity results in war – allowing time for a transition is key

Dale C Walton ’7
~Lecturer in International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading in Reading, England, 07, "geopolitics and the great powers in the twenty-first century", http://books.google.com/books?id=AQLTD1R-47AC26printsec=frontcover26source=gbs_navlinks_s~~23v=onepage26q=26f=false~~

Although international political conditions will differ enormously in the coming decades from those of the
AND
over the long term and minimize the probability of a great power war.

No ASia  conflict – energy resources aren’t valuable enough for militarization to happen
Manicom and O’Neil 9 – expert in East Asia, the Arctic and global security
AND
, , June 2009, pp. 213-232, EBSCO)js

Some analysts view rising energy consumption in China and Japan, coupled with a territorial
AND
terminals increase the value of indigenously produced gas so close to its market.

New tech checks back for any risk of famine- demand drives production
Zubrin 11 (Dr. Robert Zubrin, president of Pioneer Astronautics, Senior Fellow with the Center for Security Policy "WHY IT’S WRONG TO AGREE WITH THE MALTHUSIANS ABOUT ETHANOL" May 13, 2011http:www.ilcorn.org/daily-update/182-why-it-rsquo-s-wrong-to-agree-with-the-malthusians-about-ethanol/)NR
In an op-ed article printed in the Denver Post May 8, editorial
AND
average farms, and then go global, thereby raising crop yields everywhere.

Tournament: Harvard JV | Round: 4 | Opponent: Carrollton CC | Judge: Schnall

1NC—Korea Trilateralism CP

~CP TEXT: The United States federal government should offer to negotiate the rules and regulations for a cooperative initiative between the governments of the United States and South Korea to have the The Export Import Bank of the United States offer substantial financing for advanced biofuels in Mexico..~

It solves and is net beneficial—cooperation with South Korea in Latin America is both feasible and key to the Korean economy—the plan’s unilateral engagement crowds out Korean influence.

Sarah K. Yun, 1-18-2012, Director of Public Affairs and Regional Issues for the Korea Economic Institute, "Korea: The Pivot in Latin America," http://blog.keia.org/2012/01/korea-the-pivot-in-latin-america/

The economic relationship has been the most dynamic and salient aspect of Korea-Latin
AND
could lead to a successful and comprehensive relationship between Korea and Latin America.

South Korea economic growth is key to solve North Korea war—the impact is extinction.

Dr. Manzur Ejaz, 1-05-2006, World Bank Affiliate, Economist Pak Base, "Pakistan can learn from South Korea’s economic woes," http://users.erols.com/ziqbal/jan_5.htm

The East Asian currencies in general and South Korean in particular have lost about half
AND
instability there, and that can have all kinds of national security implications."   

1NC DA – Brazil Relations

US-Brazil Relations are high now.

John Kerry, 8-13-2013, Secretary of State of the United States, "Remarks With Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio de Aguiar Patriota After Their Meeting," http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2013/08/213105.htm

Now, obviously we have also had some moments of disagreement, and I’m sure
AND
people to include social inclusion and to work towards things like environmental sustainability.

Unilateral interference in Latin America greatly upsets Brazil – collapses relations.

David Rothkopf, 3-xx-2009, President and CEO of Garten Rothkopf, an international advisory firm specializing in transformational global trends, notably those associated with energy, security, and emerging markets, "The Perils of Rivalry," http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/brazil.pdf

There are other areas in which tension could enter the relationship. How the United
AND
to interject itself as a third party with a third point of view.

US-Brazil relationship is key to successful Asia pivot.

Zachary Keck, 5-03-2012, deputy editor of e-International Relations and an editorial assistant at The Diplomat, "With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for Brazil," http://www.opeal.net/index.php?option=com_k226view=item26id=109613Awith-eye-on-asia-us-seeks-greater-global-security-role-for-brazil26Itemid=149

With Eye on Asia, U.S. Seeks Greater Global Security Role for
AND
. Once again, the Obama administration sees Brazil as a viable candidate.

Successful Asia pivot solves China war.

Friedberg 11 Princeton IA professor, 9-4-11, (Aaron L., "China’s Challenge at Sea," http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/05/opinion/chinas-challenge-at-sea.html?_r=1, accessed 9-30-11)

If the United States and its Asian friends look to their own defenses and coordinate
AND
entire burden of preserving the Asian power balance, but it must lead. 

Otherwise, it goes nuclear.

Glaser 11 GW University Political Science Professor, 11 (Charles, HARLES GLASER is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs and Director of the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University., "Will China’s Rise Lead to War? ", Foreign Affairs, Mar/April 2011, Vol. 90, Issue 2, factiva, accessed 11-9-11, ) 

The prospects for avoiding intense military competition and war may be good, but growth
AND
military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

1NC Coloniality K ~Short~

Trade and finance are the method of choice for dominating the Global South and cementing coloniality—breeds racism and violence and has no place in the decolonial ethics of our alt

Kanth 5 ~Rajani Kannepalli, Against Eurocentrism:  A Transcendent Critique of Modernist Science, Society, and Morals 67-69~

The firearm, the printing press, paper, and the compass were to become
AND
these propositions, whose truth is confirmable by simple, direct observation alone. 

The constructed threat of nuclear destruction is embedded in coloniality—they polarize international systems along lines of peaceful colonizers and barbaric threats, reducing enemies to "2^nd class nations" and justifying oppression

Hecht 2003 ~Gabrielle, Professor Department of History, University of Michigan, "Globalization Meets Frankenstein?¶ Reflections On Terrorism, Nuclearity, And¶ Global Technopolitical Discourse" History and Technology, 2003 Vol. 19(1) pp. 1-8, accessed via Ebsco~
For those of us working in science and technology studies, the immediate media reaction
AND
, politically - for a "Third World"¶ nation to go nuclear.

The affirmative is trapped in modernity because it emphasizes expert knowledge – development experts teach other nations how to grow, which disregards alternative knowledge and opens them to domination

Escobar 10 – PhD in Philosophy, Policy, and Planning (Arturo, 7 June 2010, ’WORLD AND KNOWLEDEGES OTHERWISE," Cultural Studies, 21: 2, 179 — 210, http://www.unc.edu/~~aescobar/text/eng/escobar.2007.CulturalStudies.21-2-3.pdf)

The views of Habermas and Giddens have been particularly influential, having given rise to
AND
(thus Latour’s dictum that ’we have never been modern’, 1993).

Coloniality generates a permanent state of exception that is the root cause of the death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where genocide, death, murder, war, rape, and racism are ordinary

Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 08 ~Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-21~ DDI13

Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
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such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested." 

Thus the alternative is to delink from Eurocentric modernity and engage in epistemic disobedience

Mignolo (Professor of Literature in Duke University, Joint Appointments in Cultural Anthropology and Romance Studies) 2012 Walter, "Epistemic Disobedience and the Decolonial Option: A Manifesto," Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 45-46, NDW DDI13

But the basic formulation of decolonial delinking (e.g., desprendimiento) was
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categories of Greek, Latin, and the six modern imperial European languages.

Ex-Im

Warming

Past emissions overwhelm

Adve ’8
(Nagraj Adve, One World South Asia, "Can we avoid dangerous global warming?" http://www.k4d.org/Environment/can-we-avoid-2018dangerous2019-global-warming/)

The problem, as Paul Brown explains in Global Warming: The Last Chance for
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and rightly concerned about, will be felt in the years to come.

And, greenhouse effect isn’t real

Solomon ’7
(Lawrence Solomon, Staff Writer, National Post, "Look to Mars for Truth on Global Warming," http://www.nationalpost.com/story.html?id=edae9952-3c3e-47ba-913f-7359a5c7f72326k=0)

Dr. Abdussamatov goes further, debunking the very notion of a greenhouse effect. "Ascribing ’greenhouse’ effect properties to the Earth’s atmosphere is not scientifically substantiated," he maintains. "Heated greenhouse gases, which become lighter as a result of expansion, ascend to the atmosphere only to give the absorbed heat away."

Leadership

Benevolent hegemons are like unicorns – they don’t exist.

Layne ’7
(Christopher, Associate Professor of Government and Public Service at Texas A26M University, American Empire: A Debate, p. 67-8)

The claim that others regard American primacy as benevolent because of U.S.
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others of its benevolence is limited by the very enormity of its power. 

Mexico

Asia

No ASia  conflict – energy resources aren’t valuable enough for militarization to happen
Manicom and O’Neil 9 – expert in East Asia, the Arctic and global security
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, , June 2009, pp. 213-232, EBSCO)js

Some analysts view rising energy consumption in China and Japan, coupled with a territorial
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terminals increase the value of indigenously produced gas so close to its market.

The predictions regarding Asian insecurity are a result of shoddy scholarship
Kang, 3 – David Kang, Professor of International Relations and Business, Director of Korean Studies Institute, Getting Asia Wrong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks International Security, Volume 27, Number 4, Spring 2003, pg. 57-85 muse
Following the end of the Cold War in 1991, some scholars in the West
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just wait" response is mere rhetorical wordplay designed to avoid troubling evidence.

Asia instability impacts replicate the binary relation between the rational, moral West and the wicked, illogical East – this sustains academic orientalism making discursive violence inevitable
Izadi 26 Saghaye-Biria, 7. Foad Izadi, doctoral student in communication, and Hakimeh Saghaye-Biria, masters student in communication, both at LSU, "A Discourse Analysis of Elite American Newspaper Editorials: The Case of Iran’s Nuclear Program," Journal of Communication Inquiry 31.2,http://jci.sagepub.come/cgi/content/abstract/31/2/140
An important characteristic of Orientalist discourse is its reliance on binary language (Said,
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maintains that ideologies are often articulated on the basis of the ideological square.

Nuke Terror

Even Ayson concedes a terror attacks is unlikely and the response by nations is just guessing.

Their author Ayson 10 – Centre for Strategic Studies @ Victoria University
Robert Ayson, Centre for Strategic Studies, Victoria University of Wellington. "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects". Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7 July 2010 , pages 571 – 593. InformaWorld

It is just possible that a terrorist nuclear attack could catalyze an inter-state
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group might set off a wider nuclear exchange either inadvertently or by design.
Their terrorism scenario is epistemologically suspect – the ballot is crucial to reject state-sponsored knowledge that legitimizes global violence
Raphael 9—IR, Kingston University (Sam, Critical terrorism studies, ed. Richard Jackson, 49-51) ellipses in orig.
Over the past thirty years, a small but politically-significant academic field of
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will then discuss the function that this research serves for the US state.

No border terrorism
Powell 11 – Houston Chronicle writer(Stewart M., "Are Potential Terrorists Crossing into Texas From Mexico?", 12/2/11;  http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Are-potential-terrorists-crossing-into-Texas-from-2341185.php)//Beddow
Pakistani officials told Texas’ Republican Congressman Michael McCaul on a recent visit to Karachi that
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DHS carefully monitors any potential threats along the Southwest border and responds accordingly."

Agriculture

Food

The affirmative’s discourse of "failed states" as per their Brown evidence legitimizes an interventionist epistemology that effaces difference, makes north-south inequality inevitable, and is self-fulfilling
Eisenträger 12 (Stian Eisenträger, MA student in IR, board member at International Reporter, a Norwegian NGO, 3-27-12, "Failed State or Failed Label?: The Concealing Concept and the Case of Somalia," http://www.e-ir.info/2012/03/27/failed-state-or-failed-label-the-concealing-concept-and-the-case-of-somalia/) gz

The end of the Cold War shaped a new international political context where the issues
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also when we want to analyse states in Africa, and especially Somalia. 

The status quo food crisis in directly linked to the logic of neoliberalism – speculation and land grabbing proves
Houtart 11 (Francois, Belgian Marxist Sociologist, serves as an advisor to CETRI (Centre Tricontinental) a Belgian non-governmental organization which he founded in 1976, was awarded the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence, " FROM ’COMMON GOODS’ TO THE ’COMMON GOOD OF HUMANITY," ROSA LUXEMBURG FOUNDATION BRUSSELS, NOVEMBER)

There are two aspects to the food crisis. One is a conjunction of short
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conjunctural and structural aspects, is directly linked to the logic of capitalism.

Empirics prove there’s no link between food shortages and war – correlation not causation
Scheschkewitz 11 (Daniel, correspondent for Deutsche Welle in Washington, D.C., "Food wars: hunger as a threat to global security," 11/14, http://www.dw.de/food-wars-hunger-as-a-threat-to-global-security/a-15444860, LVS)

It can be very difficult to scientifically prove a direct correlation between conflict and a
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Ethiopia, where the constitution states that the land belongs to the state.