Tournament: Iowa Caucus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lane Tech | Judge: Kevin Bancroft

Day of the Dead Aff

Contention 1 is Why we’re here

We’re here today for the Iowa Caucus – another incarnation of the game we all call policy debate. Rounds will proceed just as they have since the beginning of time - with giant impacts – nuclear war21 Biodiversity loss21 Everyone dies – the resolution will change but the topics we discuss won’t – because I can access nuclear war just as easily through lifting the embargo as I can through implementing High Speed Rail21 We’ll discuss Cuba, Mexico, and Venezuela, but only on the verges – they’re just another link to get to our big impact – which is why we’re all in this round of course – everyone dies21

But everyone does die – and that’s true no matter if we discuss the plan right now or we won’t – like it or not we’re all going to have to face the Reaper some day – and no one in policy can remember that – regardless of whether its by extinction from nuclear war or old age we have to cope with death inevitably

But back to the topic – today at Caucus we have a special occasion – instead of just dressing up in our suits and bowties we get to dress up in Halloween costumes – acting like scary monsters or sandwhiches in order to let some release out – but this tradition harks back to a much older one – The Mexican Day of the Dead

The day of the dead is different because it’s a celebration of life – not a fear of death – we confront death through laughter instead of sadness

Noys 2k
 ~Benjamin Noys, "Georges Bataille: A Critical Introduction", Published 2000, mtp~
Bataille used his life as an expression of irruptive forces against Hegel’s desire to control
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the festival he hoped to turn philosophy away from mourning and into delirium.

When we as debaters confront death – it’s always through the wake of death as inevitable tragedy – our aff confronts this and changes it – instead of fearing death we should celebrate it – embrace liberatory sacrifice instead of the constraints of normal policy debate

Goldhammer 5 - Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley (Jesse, "The Headless Republic", pg 10-14)~rkezios~
In chapter 4, I examine how the renegade surrealist Georges Bataille used the sacrificial
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sign that a community in crisis is pregnant with a new political order.

Thus the plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its celebratory economic engagement toward Mexico over the Day of the Dead

Contention 2 is Why you vote Aff

Tragedy is inevitable – and no amount of policymaking is going to be able to stop it – vote aff to embrace the tragedy – your role of the ballot is to view the aff as a play and whoever does the best acting towards the celebration of life wins

Dienstag ’04

~Joshua Foa Dienstag; Dr. Dienstag holds a doctorate from Princeton University and taught at the University of Virginia before moving to UCLA, where he is a Professor of Political Science and Professor of Law. His research is primarily focused on 17^th to 19^th Century European Political thought. He has also held fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies and the Center on Constitutional Government at Harvard University; "Tragedy, Pessimism, and Nietzsche" New Literary History Vol. 35 No. 1, Winter 2004; http://www.jstor.org/stable/20057822-http://www.jstor.org/stable/20057822~~

This is not the idea that we see the "true" individual in a
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the condition of human plurality as the starting point for all political reasoning.

Policy only solutions perpetuate a politics of exclusion and war
Mansfield 8 – Prof Cultural Studies at Macquarie University (Nick, "Theorizing War: From Hobbes to Badiou" http://dajialai.org/ziliao1/CEF7B7BDD0C2D7F3C5C9/Badiou/Mansfield,20Nick20-20Theorizing20War.20From20Hobbes20to20Badiou.pdf-http://dajialai.org/ziliao1/CEF7B7BDD0C2D7F3C5C9/Badiou/Mansfield, Nick - Theorizing War. From Hobbes to Badiou.pdf)

In Clausewitz, war emerges easily when society opens its hand. Peace is not
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of struggle in the piety of sensible progress (Foucault, 2003, p
The subversive nature of the sacrificial decapitation renders us ontologically open, allowing for a meaningful community
Goldhammer 5 - Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley (Jesse, "The Headless Republic", pg 179-181)~rkezios~

I propose to assume as a law that human beings are never united with each
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. bound up in the instant that will see them torn from being."" 

Normal forms of economic engagement destroy Latin American cultural indentity which creates ressentiment towards the United States – vote aff to allow for new forms of engagement

Vacano 04 (Diego A. von Vacano, Ph.D. at Princeton University in politics, M.P.P at Harvard School of government, B.A at Wesleyan University in Economics writes on January 16 2004 "Whose Nietzsche for Latin America? Rodó’s or Mariátegui’s? http://textos.pucp.edu.pe/pdf/2093.pdf)
The problem lies, first and foremost, in culture. At the heart of
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¶ be of interest for us today in terms of Latin American identity.
Utilitarian calculations simplify ontological issues, dichotomizing everything into the ’greater good’ and the evil that must be stopped. This logic has empirically lead to genocide – Holocaust proves
Stone 6 – Professor of Modern History at University of London (Dan, "Theoretical Interpretations of the Holocaust")~rkezios~

In his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), a book
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bourgeois ’limited economy’, to attain a life ruled by banished sovereign values?

Your conception of death is rooted in the individual – death is nothing more than a natural occurrence, it is not an end, nor a beginning, but a continuation of a labyrinthine ontology. Determining life based value from a chemical and biological standpoint of death is irrelevant
Land 92 – lecturer in Continental Philosophy at Warwick University (Nick, "The Thirst for Annihilation" pg. 122-123)~rkezios~

A provisional differentiation is obviously possible between elementary sponges (such as Bataille’s groping example
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are irreparably violated by their constellation into the dissipative mass of the labyrinth.

Reducing death to simply the biological negative of life renders the world a cemetery – no knowledge or meaning can be obtained but in death
Baudrillard 76 (Jean, "Symbolic Exchange and Death", pg. 185)~rkezios~

Pursued and censured everywhere, death springs up everywhere again. No longer as apocalyptic
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of no return when it is nothing more than a system of writing.

AND this lens of death posits life as a type of ontological accumulation that deteriorates in the excess that is death – means the alt solves
Baudrillard 76 (Jean, "Symbolic Exchange and Death", pg. 147-148)~rkezios~

Our whole culture is just one huge effort to dissociate life and death, to
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death since Christianity, even in the metaphysical concept of the death drive.

The idea that we must reject death at all costs is the root cause of all exclusionary dichotomies
Baudrillard 76 (Jean, "Symbolic Exchange and Death", pg. 125-126)~rkezios~

Racism is modern. Previous races or cultures were ignored or eliminated, but never
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serving as their model: the exclusion of the dead and of death.

Views of death as something to be avoided at all costs renders life valueless – our drive to repress death results in incasing the body in the protective sarcophagus amounting the body to a corpse
Baudrillard 76 (Jean, "Symbolic Exchange and Death", pg. 177-178)~rkezios~

Security is another form of social control, in the form of life blackmailed with
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doleful, defensive book-keeping, locking every risk into its sarcophagus.

Imposing life is fascist – the affs denies the right to death, and instead ontological enslaves us
Baudrillard 10 (Jean, "Carnival and Cannibal", pg. 63-70)~rkezios~

There is no difference between the ’free market’ Yes and the European ’social’
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. It is all this that is in play in Gilmore’s fantastic defense.

Tournament: UMich | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pine Crest | Judge: Christian Palacios

1AC No Plan Text

Border

Contention 1 is the Border

The US-Mexico border is used as an organizing principle to divide people who occupy the same territory. We begin with the words of a man near the border of Los Angeles, USA; and Tijuana, Mexico:

Woodward and Jones 5

~Keith Woodward and John Paul Jones III; Keith Woodward is an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin Madison. John Paul Jones III is the Professor of Geography and Development and Dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Arizona; "On the Border with Deleuze and Guattari" in B/ordering Space, 2005, pages 235-248; http://geography.arizona.edu/sites/geography.arizona.edu/files/u122/On20the20Border20with20Deleuze20and20Guattari.pdf~~ 

None of the above is to suggest that the border is somehow exhaustively organized according
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Price, 2000, pp. 103-4; emphasis in original). 

NAFTA has opened the US-Mexico border to capital while securing it from its workers – our desire for cheap labor makes survival impossible as we drive families into poverty, but rather than offer help, we persecute those who jump the fence we’ve built to keep them trapped in the factories we’ve built to contain them

Woodward and Jones 5

~Keith Woodward and John Paul Jones III; Keith Woodward is an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin Madison. John Paul Jones III is the Professor of Geography and Development and Dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Arizona; "On the Border with Deleuze and Guattari" in B/ordering Space, 2005, pages 235-248; http://geography.arizona.edu/sites/geography.arizona.edu/files/u122/On20the20Border20with20Deleuze20and20Guattari.pdf~~ 

As Spener and Staudt (1998) note (also Mains, 2000), while
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create the very conditions that make survival impossible’ (La Resistencia, 2003). 

This form of control over life denies us the ability to enjoy it

Deleuze 87 (Gilles, Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and mother of three, "Dialogues," with Claire Parnet, freelance journalist, pg 61-62)

When Spinoza says ’The surprising thing is the body ... we do not yet know
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of salvation, teaching to soul its life, not to save it. 

The San Diegan’s form of thought - dominated by words that attempt to inscribe order by imposing borders to defend spacial identities such as "American," are at the root of attempts to striate space. By reversing the thought process, and starting at the point where we are all illegals, we can break down these spacialized identities

Woodward and Jones 5

~Keith Woodward and John Paul Jones III; Keith Woodward is an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin Madison. John Paul Jones III is the Professor of Geography and Development and Dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Arizona; "On the Border with Deleuze and Guattari" in B/ordering Space, 2005, pages 235-248; http://geography.arizona.edu/sites/geography.arizona.edu/files/u122/On20the20Border20with20Deleuze20and20Guattari.pdf~~ 

Price suggests that such utterances are the result of ’anxieties at being lost or
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’native’ and setting the border off on a new line of flight.

La Resistencia

Contention 2 is La Resistencia

La Resistencia is an anti-border violence movement breaking down the borders created by the State, which define bodies as "legal" and "illegal;" in favor of a new body, independent of the State and its violence – we are all illegals

Woodward and Jones 5

~Keith Woodward and John Paul Jones III; Keith Woodward is an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin Madison. John Paul Jones III is the Professor of Geography and Development and Dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Arizona; "On the Border with Deleuze and Guattari" in B/ordering Space, 2005, pages 235-248; http://geography.arizona.edu/sites/geography.arizona.edu/files/u122/On20the20Border20with20Deleuze20and20Guattari.pdf~~ 

La Resistencia is an organization dedicated to fighting the criminalization of immigrants by the U
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, a new ’We’, that no longer identifies with the State.

Vote aff to affirm the La Resistencia movement as a method of breaking with the US-Mexico border – we’ll defend this advocacy throughout the round

Our method of understanding the border is key address the violence at the border

Woodward and Jones 5

~Keith Woodward and John Paul Jones III; Keith Woodward is an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin Madison. John Paul Jones III is the Professor of Geography and Development and Dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Arizona; "On the Border with Deleuze and Guattari" in B/ordering Space, 2005, pages 235-248; http://geography.arizona.edu/sites/geography.arizona.edu/files/u122/On20the20Border20with20Deleuze20and20Guattari.pdf~~ 

A relatively recent response to these congealed positions is found in the geographic literature addressing
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anti-border group with offices throughout the U.S. southwest.

Discussion of borders as changing entities is key to open up space for new thought and action toward the border

Agnew 8
(John Agnew* Department of Geography, UCLA, USA, Borders on the mind: re-framing border thinking, Ethics 26 Global Politics. Vol. 1, No. 4, 2008, pp. 175-191. DOI: 10.3402/egp.v1i4.1892)
From a very different perspective, borders are artefacts of dominant discursive processes that have
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. The challenge is to think and then act beyond their present limitations. 

Only our action can solve – fascism is not an object that comes top-down, but instead is rooted in microfascism within us all – vote aff to challenge microfascism within this round

Deleuze and Guattari 80 (A Thousand Plateaus 214-215)
It is not sufficient to define bureaucracy by a rigid segmentarity with compartmentalization of contiguous
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you yourself sustain and nourish and cherish with molecules both personal and collective.

Our aff is not "fiated" in the traditional sense – instead we think you should affirm the schizophrenia of the 1AC – this is key to break free of capitalism’s cycle of deterritorialization and reterritorialization

Deleuze and Guattari 1972, Anti-Oedipus, 280-281

Libidal investments are made on the socius itself as a full body, and that
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have paranoia and schizophrenia as ultimate products under the determinate conditions of capitalism.

Tournament: Dowling | Round: 1 | Opponent: idr | Judge: idr
1AC
NEPA
Contention 1 is NEPA
We’ll start with the impacts – First is soft power
It solves conflicts around the wolrld
Nye 96 Professor of International Relations – Harvard University Joseph S. Nye, Jr., 1995/1996, “Conflicts After the Cold War,” Washington Quarterly, 19:1, Winter

Leadership by the United States, as the world's leading economy, its most powerful
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of bilateral alliances, regional security organizations and alliances, and global institutions. 

Democracy solves extinction
Diamond 95
(Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution senior fellow, co-editor of the Journal of Democracy, December 1995, A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s: Actors and Instruments, Issues and Imperatives,” http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm)
OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security and well-being in the coming years and decades. In the former Yugoslavia nationalist aggression tears at the stability of Europe and could easily spread. The flow of illegal drugs intensifies through increasingly powerful international crime syndicates that have made common cause with authoritarian regimes and have utterly corrupted the institutions of tenuous, democratic ones. Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons continue to proliferate. The very source of life on Earth, the global ecosystem, appears increasingly endangered. Most of these new and unconventional threats to security are associated with or aggravated by the weakness or absence of democracy, with its provisions for legality, accountability, popular sovereignty, and openness. LESSONS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY The experience of this century offers important lessons. Countries that govern themselves in a truly democratic fashion do not go to war with one another. They do not aggress against their neighbors to aggrandize themselves or glorify their leaders. Democratic governments do not ethnically “cleanse” their own populations, and they are much less likely to face ethnic insurgency. Democracies do not sponsor terrorism against one another. They do not build weapons of mass destruction to use on or to threaten one another. Democratic countries form more reliable, open, and enduring trading partnerships. In the long run they offer better and more stable climates for investment. They are more environmentally responsible because they must answer to their own citizens, who organize to protest the destruction of their environments. They are better bets to honor international treaties since they value legal obligations and because their openness makes it much more difficult to breach agreements in secret. Precisely because, within their own borders, they respect competition, civil liberties, property rights, and the rule of law, democracies are the only reliable foundation on which a new world order of international security and prosperity can be built.
Specifically – citizen-led democracy does
Gare 3 – PhD, Professor of Social Science @ Swinburne
Arran, "Beyond Social Democracy? Beyond Social Democracy?" Democracy and Nature, 9(3), Nov 2003, via EBSCO
In the new order, the state’s role, along with a range of new
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brutalization, but also the destruction of the ecological conditions of their existence.
Best compilation of scientific data proves consensus – warming is real and anthropogenic.
Cook et al 5/15 – Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, Australia (John, “Quantifying the Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming in the Scientific Literature”, 5/15/13;  http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/2/024024/pdf/1748-9326_8_2_024024.pdf)//Beddow
An accurate perception of the degree of scientific consensus is an essential element to public
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and evaluate the level and evolution of consensus over the last two decades.
Feedback loops cause extinction – we’re at the tipping point
Guterl 12 – Executive Editor of Scientific American, expert in Climate and Environment, Science Policy, citing James Hanson, a NASA scientist (Fred, “Climate Armageddon: How the World’s Weather Could Quickly Run Amok”, 5/25/12;  http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-worlds-weather-could-quickly-run-amok)//Beddow
The world has warmed since those heady days of Gaia, and scientists have grown
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scope, that could make a rapid transition from one state to another.
Low threshold for our oxygen impact – even a 5 reduction causes extinction
Stricherz ‘05

Vince Stricherz; Vince graduated from The University of South Dakota and is a Science Writer for The University of Washington that reports on scientific research taken on by the University. Here he cites studies by the University of Washington and modeling done by renowned Yale scientist Robert Berner; “Low Oxygen Likely Made 'Great Dying' Worse, Greatly Delayed Recovery” April 14th 2005; http://www.washington.edu/news/archive/id/9592

The biggest mass extinction in Earth history some 251 million years ago was preceded by
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couple of minutes? There's nothing with a greater evolutionary effect than oxygen."
Soil erosion causes extinction
Ikerd 99 – Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics at University of Missouri (John E., "Foundational Principles: Soils. Stewardship, and Sustainability," Sep 22, http://www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/jikerd/papers/NCSOILS.html)
A foundation is "the basis upon which something stands or is supported" (
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water to drink, and food to eat. It’s just less obvious.
Every species matters – biodiversity prevents extinction
Raj 12 - Consultant ecologist Prof. P. J. Sanjeeva Raj (Head of the Zoology dept of Madras Christian College), “Beware the loss of biodiversity,” The Hindu, Published: September 23, 2012 00:32 IST | pg. http://tinyurl.com/8oate79
We disagree with the author’s use of gendered language
Biodiversity is so indispensable for human survival that the United Nations General Assembly has designated
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themselves and nature, so imperative for their mutual survival on planet Earth. 

Specifically Mexican border biodiversity loss causes extinction
Gary Paul Nabhan, 1-xx-2000, 2k, W.K. Kellogg Endowed Chair in Sustainable Food Systems at the University of Arizona Southwest Center, internationally-celebrated nature writer, food and farming activist, honored as a pioneer and creative force in the “local food movement” and seed saving community by Utne Reader, Mother Earth News, New York Times, Bioneers and Time magazine, author or editor of twenty-four books, honored with a MacArthur “genius” award, a Lannan Literary Fellowship, a Southwest Book Award, the John Burroughs Medal for nature writing, and the Vavilov Medal, research scientist at Tumamoc Hill and the Southwest Center of the University of Arizona, Ecumenical Franciscan brother, “Biodiversity: The Variety of Life that Sustains Our Own,” http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_biodiversity.php 

There is a place in the Sonoran Desert borderlands which, more than any other
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only if a broad spectrum of society is involved in endorsing their protection.  
We’ll keep working backwards – internal links now then the links
Extraterritorial application of NEPA solves soft power
Klick 10(KAREN A. KLICK, writer for American university law review, “THE EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH OF¶ NEPA'S EIS REQUIREMENT AFTER¶ ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND v. MASSEY”, the American university law review, September 20, 2010, http://www.wcl.american.edu/journal/lawrev/44/klick.pdf)
Despite the contrary determination of some courts, consistent¶ application of NEPA to the
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inconsistent international application, Congress¶ must amend the National Environmental Policy Act.
Only community planning can arouse the public involvement necessary to solve warming
Lawrence ’12 (Gary Lawrence; Chief Sustainability Officer and V.P., AECOM Technology Corp.; "In the Midst of Climate Change, Can We All Just Get Along?;" October 25, 2012; Accessed February 18, 2013; http://www.environmentalleader.com/2012/10/25/in-the-midst-of-climate-change-can-we-all-just-get-along/)
The Fall 2012 issue of the Stanford Social Innovation Review is dedicated to the notion
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meet not only their needs, but the needs of generations to come.
Applying NEPA extraterritorially prevents extinction from environmental collapse and oxygen loss
Goldfard-Managing Editor, BC Environmental Affairs Law Review-91
18 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 543

VI. CONCLUSION The scientific community has awakened the world to the fragility of the
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risk that could not be resolved through alternative methods of environmental impact assessment.
Environmental protection in Latin America specifically key to solve soil erosion and extinction
Grid Arendal 13(GRID-Arendal is a centre collaborating with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).  Established  in 1989  by the Government of Norway as a Norwegian Foundation, our mission is to communicate environmental information to policy-makers and facilitate environmental decision-making for change, “Forests: Latin America and the Caribbean”, grid arendal in association with UN, last modified August 1, 2013, http://www.grida.no/publications/other/geo3/?src=/geo/geo3/english/198.htm)

Forests have many important socio-economic functions in Latin American and Caribbean countries.
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to be the world's richest ecosystem in terms of biodiversity (FAO 2001a).
Only applying NEPA and LGEEPA to Mexico can solve border sustainability – its on the brink
Elva Denisse Varela Olivas, 4-17-2012, received an LL.B. from Tecnologico de Monterrey in 2004, internship at the Office of Air and Radiation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) in Washington, DC, has worked at Baker and McKenzie where she has conducted environmental law audits in Mexico, El Salvador and Nicaragua, handled administrative and judicial litigation and corporate–liability related projects in Mexico, and participated in climate change projects in Mexico and Ecuador, publications in English and Spanish in the area of environmental law and policy, and she has been a lecturer in Mexico and the United States discussing hazardous waste, air emissions, water, environmental impact and corporate–liability related topics, studied general chemistry in Oregon State University, received a certificate on the National Environmental Policy Act issued by Duke University and the Council on Environmental Quality (U.S.CEQ), “The U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Mexico's General Law of Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection (LGEEPA): Barriers or Facilitators of Border Sustainability?” http://www.scerp.org/pubs/m16/Chap.2014,20Varela20Olivas20365-392.pdf

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Mexico’s General Law of Ecological Equilibrium
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the project drivers may be absent in the LGEEPA or NEPA processes.’
Environmental and sustainability efforts on the U.S.-Mexico border specifically will be perceived globally
Amster ’12 (Randall Amster; J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Peace Studies and Graduate Chair in Humanities at Prescott College; March 19, 2012; "A Sustainable Peace: From Militarized Borders to Transnational Resource Collaboration;" The Journal of Sustainability Education; http://www.jsedimensions.org/wordpress/content/a-sustainable-peace-from-militarized-borders-to-transnational-resource-collaboration_2012_03/)
In the case of the 2000-mile U.S.-Mexico border,
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inequality, and conflicting norms and priorities” (Doughman 2002, 190).
Solvency
Contention 2 is Solvency
The NEPA model solves for public environmental involvement
Dreher ’05
(Robert G. Dreher; Deputy Executive Director of the Georgetown Environmental Law 26 Policy Institute, Former Deputy General Counsel of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Former Staff Attorney for the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund; 2005; Accessed February 23, 2013
The third visionary element of NEPA is its creation¶ of broad opportunities for members
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the NEPA process¶ creates a valuable crack in the bureaucratic wall.14
Sustainability in the status quo is impossible due to a lack of coordination between NEPA and LGEEPA -
Olivas’12
(Elva Denisse Varela Olivas, “The U.S. National Environmental¶ Policy Act (NEPA) and Mexico’s¶ General Law of Ecological Equilibrium¶ and Environmental Protection¶ (LGEEPA): Barriers or Facilitators¶ of Border Sustainability?”, Southwest Consortium for Environmental Research and Policy)
While Mexican and U.S. environmental laws and practices provide¶ some support
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binational framework for sustainable¶ development at the U.S.-Mexican border43
Changing the role of the BMTF solves
Koerner 12
Elaine M. Koerner; Senior Environmental Specialist at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Washington, D.C., Designated Federal Officer for the Good Neighbor Environmental Board; September 19, 2012; "Borderland Management Taskforces and U.S. Customs and Border Protection Liaison Programs: Vehicles for Greater NEPA Public Involvement?;" http://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/5998/E.20Koerner20Duke20Capstone20Revised20Paper20920192012_FINAL.pdf.txt?sequence=3)
The BMTF charter describes the mission as follows: “…facilitate an ¶ intergovernmental forum
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passed along to other organizations and individuals within BMTF members’ broader ¶ networks. 

Plan
The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement with the National Environmental Policy Act toward Mexico by permitting Borderland Management Task Force enforcement

Tournament: IFLs | Round: 5 | Opponent: ICC WW | Judge: JDing

1ac

Contention 1 is cybersecurity

Cyberwar is coming now —- other countries are ramping up their cyberweapons —- they will target our space assets, disrupt the grid, and disrupt information and data transfer within the Armed Forces
Daheem 14 – writer for the Frontier Post, a leading Pakistani journal (Muhammad, "Cyber Warfare," The Fronteir Post, January 5, 2014, http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/66472/Cyber-warfare/)
Cyber war is a new domain in warfare. It is now acknowledged as "
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Service Providers, various types of data communication mediums and network equipment etc. 

Specifically, Iran and Venezuela are using Mexico to cyberattack the US – they have intent and capability
Cilluffo and Knop 9
Frank J. Cilluffo is an associate vice president at The George Washington University,
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(New York: Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, 2009)., mtp
Countries such as Iran and North Korea are not yet on a par with Russia
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passwords to protected systems and sought support and funding from the diplomats."17

Mexico’s literally the worst country in terms of cybersecurity
Wheeler 13
(Ashley Wheeler, Writing for Phoenix ITS which is a training solutions provider headquartered in Columbia, Maryland, that was founded to offer organizations a better way to keep their employees knowledgeable, certified, and up-to-date in their skill sets. What was once a small group of contract-based technical trainers has now grown into a premier learning institute featuring dozens of recognized leaders within the IT training industry, The Best and Worst of Cyber Security, Jun 25 2013, http://www.phoenixts.com/blog/best-and-worst-cyber-security/, mtp)
Mexico It is safe to say that Mexico is easily the worst country in terms
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risk and there is little hope anything will be done to reverse that.
We’ll impact each scenario —-

First, space assets —- they are uniquely vulnerable to cyber attacks
Donahue, 10 – USAF Major (Jack, "CATASTROPHE ON THE HORIZON: A SCENARIO-BASED FUTURE EFFECT OF ORBITAL SPACE DEBRIS," https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/q_mod_be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153/q_act_downloadpaper/q_obj_af691818-359f-4999-be24-f88ca154bd94/display.aspx?rs=enginespage)
Another unpredictable driving force that needs to be considered is adversary exploitation of space vulnerabilities
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a small number of incidents could significantly impact space systems for years.90

This risks miscalculation and nuclear war
Tyson 07 (Rhianna Tyson, Program Officer of the Global Security Institute, "Advancing a Cooperative Security Regime in Outer Space," Global Security Institute, May 2007, http://www.worldacademy.org/files/Advancing20a20Cooperative20Security20Regime20in20Outer20Space.pdf)
Beyond the severe economic repercussions resulting from disrupted commercial satellite communications, hostile actions in
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false reading of an attack, governments may resort to using nuclear weapons. 

Independently undermines the balance of deterrence and leads to global preemptive aggression
Burke, 6 – Lt Col, USAF, command space professional with operational experience in missile operations, space surveillance, space control, missile warning, and command and control (Alan, "SPACE THREAT WARNING: FOUNDATION FOR SPACE SUPERIORITY, AVOIDING A SPACE PEARL HARBOR," https://www.afresearch.org/skins/RIMS/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a15326mode=user26action=researchproject26objectid=07acf878-3a5f-4a2c-8259-4a34c0717e9b)
The erosion of the US ability to execute the space threat warning mission has serious
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which decreased fratricide and facilitating search and rescue operations and reinforcement operations.49 

Second, the grid —- it’s a prime target for cyberattacks
Bloomberg, 1/31/12 (Power-Grid Cyber Attack Seen Leaving Millions in Dark for Months
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-01/cyber-attack-on-u-s-power-grid-seen-leaving-millions-in-dark-for-months.html
*edited for ableist rhetoric
A blackout that swept parts of North America in August 2003, leaving 50 million
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of utilities out there that just don’t take this seriously," Lewis said.

Extinction
Stein 12 (Matthew Stein, 3/24/12, Bachelor’s degree in engineering MIT, design engineer, green builder, "Four Hundred Chernobyls: Solar Flares, Electromagnetic Pulses, and Nuclear Armageddon," http://truth-out.org/news/item/7301-400-chernobyls-solar-flares-electromagnetic-pulses-and-nuclear-armageddon)
Unfortunately, the world’s nuclear power plants, as they are currently designed, are
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not seen since the extinction of the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago.

Third —- communications hacking —- it causes miscalc and great power global nuclear war
Rosenbaum 08 (Ron Rosenbaum, American journalist and author, "A Real Nuclear Option for the Nominees," Slate, May 9, 2008, http://www.slate.com/articles/life/the_spectator/2008/05/a_real_nuclear_option_for_the_nominees.single.html)
According to a recent paper by Blair (whose account of these procedures has been
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perverse consequences with computer-launched weapons on hair-trigger is clear."

Uniquely true because of mis-perceptions
Rosenzweig 9, Professor at Georgetown Law
(Paul, founder of Reid Branch Consulting, specializing in homeland security, senior advisor to the Chertoff Group, Carnegie Fellow at Northwestern, professor at National Defense University, Editorial board at the Journal of National Security Law 26 Policy, deputy assistant secretary for policy at the US Department of Homeland Security, "National Security Threatsin Cyberspace" merican Bar Association Standing Committee on Law and National Security And National Strategy Forum, September 2009, www.utexas.edu/law/journals/tlr/sources/Issue2088.7/Jensen/fn137.Rosenwieg.pdf)

Offensive dominance creates a great risk of cyber arms races. State and non-
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it came from a third party, could also  ignite a conflict.124

Cyberwar goes nuclear
Fritz 9 (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, "Hacking Nuclear Command
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of mass DDoS attacks, real world protests, and accusations between governments.

Contention 2 is defense relations

plan’s key to US-Mexico defense relations which are on the brink now – solves WMD terror and transnational crime
Downie 11 Downie, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, National Defense University, 11 (Dr. Richard, deputy director and fellow with the CSIS Africa Program, master’s degree in international public policy from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, "Critical Strategic Decisions in Mexico: the Future of US/Mexican Defense Relations," July 2011, http://www.ndu.edu/chds/docuploaded/Dr_Downie_OCP_2011.pdf, mtp)
*Note – TCOs stands for Transnational Criminal Organizations
The "stay the course" option would potentially offer an additional "sexenio"
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defense and military organizations would be working in coordinated or even integrated arrangements. 

US-Mexico defense coop up now but we need more to be able to solve counternarcotics and border security
Fox News Latino 7/5 (U.S. Wants More Intelligence Cooperation With Mexico, White House Report States; http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2013/07/05/us-wants-more-intelligence-cooperation-with-mexico-white-house-report-states/)
A newly released White House report on the U.S. border with Mexico
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with substance abuse and violence, as well as health and education programs. 

Specifically Iran will sponsor transnational criminal organizations in Latin America which causes WMD usage – Mexico is key
Farah ’12. Douglas Farah, International Assessment and Strategy Center’s (IASC) Senior Fellow, Financial Investigations and Transparency. He specializes in research, writing, and training on transnational criminal organizations and armed groups, and their effects on states and corruption; terrorism, terror finance, and proliferation; and, illicit financial flows, with a particular focus on the Western Hemisphere, Africa, and globalized networks. "Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America: An Emerging Tier-One National Security Priority" PDF Available Online @ ~http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1117~~**~~MG~~**
The emergence of new hybrid (state and nonstate) transnational criminal and terrorist franchises
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the historical divide between transnational organized crime and terrorism is becoming increasingly irrelevant.

Causes an attack on US Soil
McCaul 12 – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor   
(Michael, "A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE  SOUTHWEST BORDER," UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)BB
Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional
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on U.S. soil ¶ into a weapon of mass destruction.

Nuclear terrorism is an existential threat—causes China and Russia miscalculation.
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington
(Robert, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict 26 Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB

But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Al-Qaeda’s planning an attack now
Mowatt Larssen 10 (Rolf Mowatt-Larssen is a senior fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University. He served over three decades in the U.S. Army, CIA, and Energy Department. Al Qaeda’s nuclear ambitions, Foreign Policy, 11/16/2010, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/11/16/al_qaedas_nuclear_ambitions?page=0,1)

First, America is a special object of Zawahiri’s attention when discussing a nuclear attack
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, at the conclusion of his book, that he has done so. 

Nuclear terrorism is feasible—-high risk of theft and attacks escalate
Vladimir Z. Dvorkin 12 Major General (retired), doctor of technical sciences, professor, and senior fellow at the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  The Center participates in the working group of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, 9/21/12, "What Can Destroy Strategic Stability: Nuclear Terrorism is a Real Threat," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22333/what_can_destroy_strategic_stability.html
Hundreds of scientific papers and reports have been published on nuclear terrorism. International conferences
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a common understanding of these threats and develop a strategy to combat them.

Organized crime spills over to Latin America and causes instability, regional conflict, and terrorism
Grygiel ’9. Jakub Grygiel. Associate Professor of International Relations @ Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, John Hopkins University. "Vacuum Wars: The Coming Competition Over Failed States." American Interest. Jul/Aug 2009. ~, http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=622~~
The prevailing view of failed states is, to repeat, not wrong, just
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quickly in order to limit the possibility of intervention by other great powers. 

That causes nuclear war and a laundry list of other impacts
Manwaring, 4 ~Max. Latin America Expert @ CSIS, PhD in Poli Sci from UChicago. Shadows of the Past and Images of the Future 2004, Pg 36-8~
State failure is an evolutionary process, not an outcome. This state of affairs
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they and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.

Thus the plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its cybersecurity economic engagement toward Mexico.

Contention 3 is Solvency

Cybersecurity coop now which non-uniques your disads but we still need a lot more in order to be able to solve
Herrara-Lasso 11
(Luis Herrera-Lasso M, Mexican diplomat; specialist in security, migration and border issues; current director of Grupo Coppan S.C., International Consultants, in Mexico City., Wilson Center, Aug 26 2011, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Security20and20Intelligence20in20U.S.-Mexico20Relations.pdf, mtp)
Compatible systems. One of the most important components of intelligence collaboration is system compatibility
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made, but there is still a long road left to be traveled. 

Disads are non-unique – trade already top of us-mexico agenda
Seelke 14
(Clare Ribando Seelke Specialist in Latin American Affairs, Congressional Research Service Report, "Mexico: Background and U.S. Relation", January 30 2014, https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42917.pdf, mtp)
The U.S. Congress has maintained long-standing interest in a broad
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disputes in the Rio Grande region have reemerged as an area of contention.

Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: Contact Info | Judge:
Email mtppolicy2012@gmail.com for aff and neg cites. If I don't respond for a long time, you can try bugging maxtp26@gmail.com. If you want to get trolled/rants about how terrible disclosure is, email rwgamer8675309@gmail.com

By default we'll disclose all 1ACs/1NCs read. If you want anything else we've read, email me and I'll try to put it up ASAP.

Tournament: IHSSA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: ICC HS | Judge: Joseph Nelson

Contention 2 is NEPA

All NADB projects require prior review – plan can effectively utilize NEPA – specifically key to provide cross-border sustainablity

USEPA No Date
(US Environmental Protection Agency, http://www.calepa.ca.gov/border/Documents/usepa.pdf, no date, mtp)
Under a cooperative agreement with NADBank, EPA will make 24170 million in grants
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facilities funded with BEIF funds. EPA will review reports on this oversight.

Specifically, expanding NADBank’s mandate is key to creating a sustainable capital base – absent that it can’t promote sustainability in the region

Kaplan and Hammacher 2k– Gordan, attorney  with the firm of Hillyer 26. Irwin in San Diego and Linda K., attorney ("A Bigger Role for NAFTA’s Development Bank?," San Diego Business Journal, 11/13/00, http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=74ef2ace-3feb-4b1f-80f5-660cbb179c8840sessionmgr11326vid=126hid=11426bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ3d3d~~23db=f5h26AN=382648626anchor=toc)
Narrowly Focused Mandate NADBank’s mandate is, however, narrowly drawn in terms of geographic
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sustainable development and enhance the quality of life of people in our region.

2 internal links to global modelling – first is border sustainability

NEPA application and coordination are key to border sustainability

Elva Denisse Varela Olivas, 4-17-2012, received an LL.B. from Tecnologico de Monterrey in 2004, internship at the Office of Air and Radiation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) in Washington, DC, has worked at Baker 26 McKenzie where she has conducted environmental law audits in Mexico, El Salvador and Nicaragua, handled administrative and judicial litigation and corporate–liability related projects in Mexico, and participated in climate change projects in Mexico and Ecuador, publications in English and Spanish in the area of environmental law and policy, and she has been a lecturer in Mexico and the United States discussing hazardous waste, air emissions, water, environmental impact and corporate–liability related topics, studied general chemistry in Oregon State University, received a certificate on the National Environmental Policy Act issued by Duke University and the Council on Environmental Quality (U.S.CEQ), "The U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Mexico’s General Law of Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection (LGEEPA): Barriers or Facilitators of Border Sustainability?" http://www.scerp.org/pubs/m16/Chap.2014,20Varela20Olivas20365-392.pdf

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Mexico’s General Law of Ecological Equilibrium
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the project drivers may be absent in the LGEEPA or NEPA processes.’

That’s perceived and modelled globally

Amster ’12 (Randall Amster; J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Peace Studies and Graduate Chair in Humanities at Prescott College; March 19, 2012; "A Sustainable Peace: From Militarized Borders to Transnational Resource Collaboration;" The Journal of Sustainability Education; http://www.jsedimensions.org/wordpress/content/a-sustainable-peace-from-militarized-borders-to-transnational-resource-collaboration_2012_03/)
In the case of the 2000-mile U.S.-Mexico border,
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inequality, and conflicting norms and priorities" (Doughman 2002, 190).

Mexican border biodiversity loss causes extinction

Gary Paul Nabhan, 1-xx-2000, 2k, W.K. Kellogg Endowed Chair in Sustainable Food Systems at the University of Arizona Southwest Center, internationally-celebrated nature writer, food and farming activist, honored as a pioneer and creative force in the "local food movement" and seed saving community by Utne Reader, Mother Earth News, New York Times, Bioneers and Time magazine, author or editor of twenty-four books, honored with a MacArthur "genius" award, a Lannan Literary Fellowship, a Southwest Book Award, the John Burroughs Medal for nature writing, and the Vavilov Medal, research scientist at Tumamoc Hill and the Southwest Center of the University of Arizona, Ecumenical Franciscan brother, "Biodiversity: The Variety of Life that Sustains Our Own," http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_biodiversity.php 

There is a place in the Sonoran Desert borderlands which, more than any other
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only if a broad spectrum of society is involved in endorsing their protection.  

Second – extraterritorial application is modelled globally – key to solve extinction from oxygen loss

Goldfard-Managing Editor, BC Environmental Affairs Law Review-91
18 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 543

VI. CONCLUSION The scientific community has awakened the world to the fragility of the
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risk that could not be resolved through alternative methods of environmental impact assessment.

Extraterritorial application of NEPA solves soft power

Klick 10(KAREN A. KLICK, writer for American university law review, "THE EXTRATERRITORIAL REACH OF¶ NEPA’S EIS REQUIREMENT AFTER¶ ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND v. MASSEY", the American university law review, September 20, 2010, http://www.wcl.american.edu/journal/lawrev/44/klick.pdf)**
Despite the contrary determination of some courts, consistent¶ application of NEPA to the
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inconsistent international application, Congress¶ must amend the National Environmental Policy Act. 

It solves conflicts around the world

Nye 96 Professor of International Relations – Harvard University ~Joseph S. Nye, Jr., 1995/1996, "Conflicts After the Cold War," Washington Quarterly, 19:1, Winter~

Leadership by the United States, as the world’s leading economy, its most powerful
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of bilateral alliances, regional security organizations and alliances, and global institutions.

Tournament: IHSSA State | Round: 1 | Opponent: ICC HS | Judge: Joseph Nelson

Contention 3 is P3s

====Expanding the mandate is key to make PPPs feasible – key model====
Dawson, Sands, and Wood 13
(Laura Dawson, Christopher Sands, and Duncan Wood, " North American Competitiveness: The San Diego Agenda", http://www.hudson.org/files/publications/North20American20Competitiveness20November202013.pdf, mtp)
The planning commission would also play a role in facilitating public-private partnerships to
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infrastructure, extending beyond the environment to questions of energy, transportation and logistics

P3s key to space exploration – they fill in gaps in government budgets

Taylor 8 (Tom, Lunar Transportation Systems, Vice president and senior member, "Outreach Development Public Private Partnership for Space Exploration", http://tinyurl.com/Outreach-Development-Public-Pr) 

Continuing innovation and technology development is one way a global leader nation defines itself.
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privately to remain in operation after NASA moves on to explore the universe.

Space colonization prevents inevitable extinction from disease, space objects, nuclear and biological war, and improving tech

Huang 5 (Michael, "Spaceflight or Extinction", cites Carl Sagan who was a professor of astronomy and space sciences at Cornell University, cites J. Richard Gott III who is a professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton University, cites Martin Rees who is a professor of cosmology and astrophysics and Master of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. http://www.spaext.com/)
~If there are civilizations elsewhere in the universe,~ Their eventual choice, as
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first sterile seas? The choice may depend on us, this century. 

Going to space is key to a peaceful mindset – prevents war

Krukin ’8
(1/1/2k8, Jeff Krukin, Award-winning leadership applied to space, suborbital aviation, and aero ecosystem strategic business consulting, executive director of the Space Frontier Foundation (SFF), IBM Systems Engineer at NASA’s Johnson Space Center, contributor to NASA’s space exploration plan and US Department of Commerce/Office of Space Commercialization strategic plan, "The Healing Power of Space (aka, "The Overview Effect")" http://www.jeffkrukin.com/index2.php?option=com_content26do_pdf=126id=27)
If you aren’t familiar with "The Overview Effect," it is "... the experience
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into our neighborhoods. I imagine you’ve never read anything quite like this.

Magnitude comes before timeframe – their logic is based off of scope neglect

Verschuur 96 (Gerrit, Adjunct Prof of Physics at U of Memphis, Impact: the Threat of Comets and Asteroids, p. 216)
There is an even more subtle reason why we are unlikely to take collective and
AND
for a long time, and that this question is worth thinking about.

Claims of intervening actors are just a diffusion of responsibility – intervention won’t happen because everyone else will also buy their logic

Yudkowsky 6 (Eliezer, Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, "Cognitive biases potentially affecting judgment of global risks," forthcoming in Global Catastrophic Risks, August 31)
My last bias comes, not from the field of heuristics and biases, but
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bystander, and ask that person to help - thereby overcoming the diffusion.

Reducing existential risk by even a tiny amount outweighs every other impact — any risk they don’t solve means you vote aff

Bostrom 11
Nick Bostrom, Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy 26 Oxford Martin School, Director of the Future of Humanity Institute, and Director of the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology at the University of Oxford, recipient of the 2009 Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the London School of Economics, 2011 ("The Concept of Existential Risk," Draft of a Paper published on ExistentialRisk.com, Available Online at http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html, Accessed 07-04-2011)
Holding probability constant, risks become more serious as we move toward the upper-
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the positive value of the direct benefit of such an action.~13~

Tournament: Niles | Round: 2 | Opponent: Maine East BH | Judge: Rahim Shakoor

Plan

The United States federal government should expand the mandates of the North American Development Bank to allow for investment in border infrastructure

Solvency

====Contention 1 is Solvency====

Mexico says yes – US action is key

O’Neil 13
Shannon O’Neil is Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), "Mexico Makes It: A Transformed Society, Economy, and Government" March/April 2013 Foreign Affairs http://www.cfr.org/mexico/mexico-makes/p30098
BORDER BUDDIES Since NAFTA was passed, U.S.-Mexican trade has more
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to boost the United States’ exports, jobs, and overall economic growth.

NADBANK solves – best format for the aff

Negroponte 12 – Diana, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution ("~F~acilitate the anticipated tripling of cross-border trade," Americas Society/Council of the Americas, http://www.as-coa.org/articles/viewpoints-what-should-top-priority-be-us-mexican-relations-http://www.as-coa.org/articles/viewpoints-what-should-top-priority-be-us-mexican-relations, December 3 202,)
In order to construct these roads, private-public partnerships are needed. The
AND
easy. Their consequences will enhance the trade and prosperity of both nations.

Government action is key to stimulate the private sector –provides incentive and coordination

CoC 11 (US Chamber of Commerce, "Steps to a 21st Century U.S.-Mexico Border" http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/reports/2011_us_mexico_report.pdf SW)
We are encouraged by recent efforts by leadership at CBP to achieve our shared goal
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decreases costs for businesses and provides governments with more accurate and accessible information.

Fed key to effective policy and cooperation

Wilson Center 9 (7"THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO: Towards a Strategic Partnership," Woodrow Wilson Center Mexico Institute, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf)Red

The Obama administration and the incoming Congress have the opportunity to raise the level of
AND
infrastructure that can help overcome existing bottlenecks and stimulate development in border communities. 

Aerospace

Contention 2 is Aerospace

Aerospace growth and competitiveness are declining – stronger supply chains are key

Bernardini and Fitzpatrick 13 
The airline sector reflects the current good-news/bad-news state of
AND
model for which neither side is yet mature enough to implement and monitor.

Aerospace is key to air power – supply chains are key

Thompson 9 (David, President – American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, "The Aerospace Workforce", Federal News Service, 12-10, Lexis)
Aerospace systems are of considerable importance to U.S. national security, economic
AND
in the common industrial supply base that our entire space sector relies on. 

The plan solves- efficient border trade is key to the aerospace sector

Chamber of Commerce 11 (United States Chamber of Commerce, "Steps to a 21st Century: U.S.-Mexico Border" http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/reports/2011_us_mexico_report.pdf 11-30-11)
Much discussion takes place today about the ability ¶ of U.S. companies
AND
inventory is ¶ not an option. Trade facilitation is the only solution.

Rapid response and mobility of air power is key to deter wars

Liberty References 9 (a Collection of essays on Air Power, cites Kenneth Watman Deputy Director, Air Force Strategic Planning, AF/A8X, Chairman, Center for Naval Warfare Studies and Dean Wilkening, PhD in physics from Harvard University, senior research scientist at CISAC, where has served as director of the Science Program since 1995. His major research interests include nuclear strategy, ballistic missile defense, chemical and biological weapons proliferation, and arms control, Robert Levine, Richard Kugler "Air Power – The Future of Conflict," Pg online @ http://www.libertyreferences.com/air-power-the-future-of-conflict.shtml ghs-ef)
In Changes Ahead: Future Directions for the U.S. Overseas Military Presence
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term or sustained conflict because of the diversity and flexibility of its airpower.

U.S. Airpower deters North Korea

Bechtol 5
(Bruce is an assistant professor of national security studies at Air Command and staff college, "The Future of U.S. airpower on the Korean Peninsula," September 1st) http://www.airp ower.maxwell.a f.mil/air chronicles/apj/apj05/fal05/bechtol.html~23bechtol
US military support to the Republic of Korea (ROK) remains critical to peace
AND
a rapidly evolving region, this is unlikely to change in the future.

Absent US deterrence Korean aggression escalates and involves WMD

Bennett 12
(Bruce W. Bennett, PhD, is a senior defense analyst at the RAND Corporation. He specializes in strategy formulation, force requirements, and responding to "asymmetric threats" such as weapons of mass destruction. He regularly works on Korean issues, having visited the region more than 80 times., "Deterring North Korea from Using WMD in Future Conflicts and Crises", Winter 2012, http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/digital/pdf/winter_12/bennett.pdf-http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/digital/pdf/winter_12/bennett.pdf, mtp)
For nearly 60 years, North Korea has determinedly pursued the development of weapons of
AND
while still threatening retaliation that would undermine or destroy the North Korean regime.

That’s extinction

Hayes and Green 10 (Peter, Professor of International Relations – Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and Director – Nautilus Institute, and Michael Hamel, Victoria University, "The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia", Nautilus Institute Special Report, 1-5, http://www.nautil us.org/fora/security/10001HayesHamalGreen.pdf)
At worst, there is the possibility of nuclear attack1, whether by intention,
AND
threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community.

NADBank

Contention 3 is NADBank

Expanding NADBank’s mandate is key to creating a sustainable capital base – absent that it can’t promote sustainability in the region

Kaplan and Hammacher 2k– Gordan, attorney  with the firm of Hillyer 26. Irwin in San Diego and Linda K., attorney ("A Bigger Role for NAFTA’s Development Bank?," San Diego Business Journal, 11/13/00, http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=74ef2ace-3feb-4b1f-80f5-660cbb179c8840sessionmgr11326vid=126hid=11426bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ3d3d~~23db=f5h26AN=382648626anchor=toc)
Narrowly Focused Mandate NADBank’s mandate is, however, narrowly drawn in terms of geographic
AND
sustainable development and enhance the quality of life of people in our region.

That kills the bank entirely

Vanderpool 6 (Tim, "NADBank Blues Will border cleanup efforts be abandoned?," Tucson Weekly, 4/16/06, http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/nadbank-blues/Content?oid=1083801)
"It looks as if the NADBank has been saved for now," says Robert
AND
. Anything that torpedoes this between then and now puts us at risk." 

The plan solves - expanding NADBank investments to border infrastructure allows for NADBank enhancement and avoids political backlash

Balido, 11 – Nelson, president of the Border Trade Alliance ("Bill to expand NADBank projects holds potential to make big impact for border," Border Trade Alliance, http://www.thebta.org/btanews/bill-to-expand-nadbank-projects-holds-potential-to-make-big-impact-for-border.html~~23top)
But Congress and the White House don’t have to look far for inspiration for how
AND
ultimately for the benefit of both the U.S. and Mexico. 

NADBank is key to US-Mexico water infrastructure

GAO 2k – US General Accounting Office, Report to Congressional Requesters, ("US Mexico Border- Despite Some Progress, Environmental Infrastructure challenge remain" March 2000, http://www.gao.gov/assets/230/228734.pdf-http://www.gao.gov/assets/230/228734.pdf)
The Border Environment Cooperation Commission’s primary function is to certify that proposals submitted by border
AND
app. I for more details on the 20 Bank-financed projects.) 

NADBank is a unique model for global water infrastructure—-other development banks don’t solve

Hendricks 3 (David Hendricks, staff writer for the San Antonio Express News, "NADBank provides a global model for water treatment," Press Release from North American Development Bank, 4/19/03, http://intrabecc.cocef.org/programs/intranetnotasperiodico/uploadedFiles/4-21-03.pdf-http://intrabecc.cocef.org/programs/intranetnotasperiodico/uploadedFiles/4-21-03.pdf, Accessed 7/21/13)
NADBank is even more of a model for the world’s other development banks because nearly
AND
States if the world’s water problems were largely solved by such a program.

That solves multiple scenarios for extinction

Barlow 2008 – Senior Advisor on Water to the UN General Assembly, chair of the Food 26 Water Watch, executive member of the International Forum on Globalization (2/25, Maude, Foreign Policy in Focus, "The global water crisis and the coming battle for the right to water", http://www.fpif.org/articlesthe_global_water_crisis_and_the_coming_battle_for_the_right_to_water)
The three water crises – dwindling freshwater supplies, inequitable access to water and the
AND
leading to a rise in illegal, and unpopular, migration to India.

TPP

Contention 4 is the TPP

China’s not on board with the TPP now – ineffective negotiations

Solís 13 - senior fellow at the Brookings Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies, and associate professor at American University PhD in government and an MA in East Asian Studies from Harvard University, and a BA in international relations from El Colegio de México (Mireya, "The Containment Fallacy: China and the TPP," Brookings Institute, 5/24/13, http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2013/05/24-china-transpacific-partnership-solis)//AC-http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2013/05/24-china-transpacific-partnership-solis)//AC
In recent commentary for the Financial Times, David Pilling argues that the central objective
AND
accompanying domestic reforms will pay off handsomely in terms of improved economic performance.

Cooperation on border efficiency is critical to developing a common agenda on trade with Mexico for the Trans Pacific Partnership agreement.

Villareal 26 Fergusson 2013
M. Angeles Villareal Congressional Research Service Specialist in International Trade and Finance; Ian F. Fergusson Congressional Research Service Specialist in International Trade and Finance "NAFTA at 20: Overview and trade effects." Congressional Research Service . . This article is available at DigitalCommons@ILR: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/key_workplace/1034

The rising number of regional trade agreements throughout the world, in addition to the
AND
more energy to improving cooperation and enhancing efficiency in cross-border trade.

Only cooperation with Mexico in the TPP will create strong enough incentives for China to join the agreement.

Wilson May 2013
Christopher E. Wilson Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. "A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region" in New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations Woodrow Wilson Center Mexico Institute Print Edition, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_new_era.pdf-http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_new_era.pdf

The United States and Mexico are among the most open economies in the world,
AND
. gets ready to begin negotiating a trade agreement with the European Union.

If the TPP excludes China, the pivot to Asia will be perceived as containment and create US-China conflict in Asia.

Kissinger, 2012 Henry A.  A recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, he served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. "The Future of US–Chinese Relations." Foreign Affairs 91.2 (2012): 44-5.
The current world order was built largely without Chinese participation, and hence China sometimes
AND
-sum issues, such as territory and security, may grow insurmountable.

Asia pivot key to solve multiple hotspots from escalating to nuclear war

Colby 11 – Elbridge Colby, research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, served as policy advisor to the Secretary of Defense’s Representative to the New START talks, expert advisor to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, August 10, 2011, "Why the U.S. Needs its Liberal Empire," The Diplomat, online: http://the-diplomat.com/2011/08/10/why-us-needs-its-liberal-empire/2/?print=yes

But the pendulum shouldn’t be allowed to swing too far toward an incautious retrenchment.
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The ability and will to intervene is too important to be so wasted.

A confrontational US-China relationship causes major power war.

Ratner, 2013 Dr. Ely Ratner is the Deputy Director of the Asia-Pacific Security Program at the Center for a New American Security.  Dr. Ratner recently served in the Office of Chinese and Mongolian Affairs at the State Department as the lead political officer covering China’s external relations in Asia. "Rebalancing to Asia with an Insecure China." The Washington Quarterly 36.2 (2013): 21-38.

China’s foreign policies have for decades reflected the principles of biding time, pursuing a
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—are chief among the tasks of U.S. China policy.

War between China and the US would go nuclear.

Goldstein 2013 First Things First The Pressing Danger of Crisis Instability in U.S.-China Relations Avery Goldstein is the David M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and International Relations, Director of the Center for the Study of Contemporary China, and Associate Director of the Christopher H. Browne Center for International Politics at the University of Pennsylvania. International Security, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Spring 2013), pp. 49–89

For at least the next decade, the advantage of the United States in terms
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-American crisis will render all speculation about the long term tragically moot.

Now is key – negotiations are reaching a tipping point.  Breakdown unravels the entire negotiations – crushes strategic Asia ’pivot’ and US leadership

Claude Barfield 2013 (former consultant to the office of the US Trade Representative and a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute) January 10, 2013 "Crunch time for the TPP" http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/01/10/crunch-time-for-the-tpp/

During President Obama’s recent trip to Asia, TPP nations set a deadline of October
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both to other TPP partners and to the US Congress and business community.

Tournament: Niles | Round: 3 | Opponent: GBS BM | Judge: Stephanie King
One New Card

Plan gets Asia and Europe on board with the TPP and Transatlantic Partnership
Pastor 13 – Professor and Founding Director of the Center for North American Studies @ American University ~Robert A. Pastor, "Shortcut to U.S. Economic Competitiveness: A Seamless North American Market," Council on Foreign Relations, Policy Innovation Memorandum No. 29, Tuesday, March 5, 2013, pg. http://www.cfr.org/north-america/shortcut-us-economic-competitiveness-seamless-north-american-market/p30132
In looking abroad to promote economic growth, the United States need go no further
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trade talks were stalemated until NAFTA was signed. Pg. 1-2