Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 4 | Opponent: Juan Diego LZ | Judge: Joel Lemuel
GOP will give into political pressure but it’ll be a fight
Sargent 10-30-13 GREG SARGENT . Washington Post “Immigration reform is definitely undead” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/10/30/immigration-reform-is-definitely-undead/ MG

We now have three House Republicans who have signed on to the House Dem comprehensive
AND
possibly get us to conference. Yes, immigration reform remains decidedly undead.

Political capital is key
*at: passage inev because of shutdown
*at: amnesty bad
*at: rubio
Orlando Sentinel, 11-1 – (“It'll take both parties to clear immigration logjam” EDITORIAL; FLORIDA; WHAT WE THINK; Pg. A18 lexis)djm
For those who thought the end of the government shutdown would provide a break from
AND
-ship. House Democratic leaders will have to underscore the president's message.
Cuba policy changes require tons of political capital and trade off with the rest of Obama’s agenda
Global Post 10 – “Midterms and a changing face of Congress,” November 10, 2010, online: http://www.globalpost.com/webblog/cuba/midterms-and-changing-face-congress
The November 2 midterm elections resulted in a new balance of power in Congress,
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a country whose citizens freely travel to, spend and invest in Cuba.¶
Immigration reforms key to the economy
Beadle 12 Amanda Peterson Beadle, Think Progress, Dec 10, 2012, “Top 10 Reasons Why The U.S. Needs Comprehensive Immigration Reform” http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2012/12/10/1307561/top-10-reasons-why-the-us-needs-comprehensive-immigration-reform-that-includes-a-path-to-citizenship/
Legalizing the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States would boost the nation’s economy
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U.S. university, 2.62 American jobs are created.
Economic crises causes nuclear war
Heinberg, 12 Richard, Senior Fellow @ the Post Carbon Institute ,Resilience, 12/4/ “Conflict and Change in the Era of Economic Decline: Part 2: War and peace in a shrinking economy”, http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-12-04/conflict-and-change-in-the-era-of-economic-decline-part-1-the-21st-century-landscape-of-conflict, accessed: 7/17/13, ML
When empires crumble, as they always do, the result is often a free
AND
bankrupt that they cannot afford to mount foreign wars on any substantial scale.
Timeframe is within 2013 – GDP Data
Lombardi, chief economist for Alpha Investment, 6-30
Michael, 6-30-13, Seeking Alpha, “Dismal U.S. Consumer Spending to Drag Us Back into Recession”, http://seekingalpha.com/article/1528172-dismal-u-s-consumer-spending-to-drag-us-back-into-recession, accessed 6-30-13, HG

While the mainstream economists were quick to believe that the U.S. economy
AND
, and they're doing a masterful job at luring in even more investors.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 6 | Opponent: Nevada Union CH | Judge: Tom Glinecki
GOP will give into political pressure but it’ll be a fight
Sargent 10-30-13 GREG SARGENT . Washington Post “Immigration reform is definitely undead” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/10/30/immigration-reform-is-definitely-undead/ MG

We now have three House Republicans who have signed on to the House Dem comprehensive
AND
possibly get us to conference. Yes, immigration reform remains decidedly undead.

Political capital is key
Orlando Sentinel, 11-1 – (“It'll take both parties to clear immigration logjam” EDITORIAL; FLORIDA; WHAT WE THINK; Pg. A18 lexis)djm
For those who thought the end of the government shutdown would provide a break from
AND
-ship. House Democratic leaders will have to underscore the president's message.
Absent tougher border security an immigration bill is dead on arrival—open borders have no chance with House Republicans
Breitbart News 7/8/13
(Mike Flynn, “HOUSE UNLIKELY TO PASS A 'PATHWAY' TO ANYTHING,” http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Government/2013/07/08/house-is-not-going-to-pass-a-pathway-to-anything, Accessed 7/11/13, JC)

Now that the Senate has passed its amnesty legislation, attention turns next to the
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is the passage of narrow legislation focused primarily on border security and enforcement.
The foundational flaw in the Senate bill is that it trades nearly-immediate legalization for a promise of increased security and enforcement in the future. Obama's decision last week to ignore, for at least one year, a major provision of ObamaCare shows the folly of that bargain.
If the Obama Administration won't enforce laws it supported, what chance is there that it will enforce provisions it either doesn't support or believes are unnecessary? The strongest security and enforcement mechanisms are worthless if the Administration simply chooses to ignore them.
Rep. Steve King told Breitbart News, "What's the point of passing news laws if Obama isn't going to enforce them?"
The only certainty provided in the Senate bill is a multi-year "pathway to citizenship." Some in the House have discussed a "pathway to legalization," that would allow current illegal immigrants to remain in the country but not have the opportunity to become citizens. Many activists consider either "path" amnesty. Without assurances that the border will be secured and enforcement increased, opposition to any "pathway" will intensify.
Of the fourteen GOP Senators who voted for the amnesty bill, only three are
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. Members of Congress are not in the habit of committing political suicide.

Immigration reforms key to the economy
Beadle 12 Amanda Peterson Beadle, Think Progress, Dec 10, 2012, “Top 10 Reasons Why The U.S. Needs Comprehensive Immigration Reform” http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2012/12/10/1307561/top-10-reasons-why-the-us-needs-comprehensive-immigration-reform-that-includes-a-path-to-citizenship/
Legalizing the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States would boost the nation’s economy
AND
U.S. university, 2.62 American jobs are created.
Economic crises causes nuclear war
Heinberg, 12 Richard, Senior Fellow @ the Post Carbon Institute ,Resilience, 12/4/ “Conflict and Change in the Era of Economic Decline: Part 2: War and peace in a shrinking economy”, http://www.resilience.org/stories/2012-12-04/conflict-and-change-in-the-era-of-economic-decline-part-1-the-21st-century-landscape-of-conflict, accessed: 7/17/13, ML
When empires crumble, as they always do, the result is often a free
AND
bankrupt that they cannot afford to mount foreign wars on any substantial scale.
Timeframe is within 2013 – GDP Data
Lombardi, chief economist for Alpha Investment, 6-30
Michael, 6-30-13, Seeking Alpha, “Dismal U.S. Consumer Spending to Drag Us Back into Recession”, http://seekingalpha.com/article/1528172-dismal-u-s-consumer-spending-to-drag-us-back-into-recession, accessed 6-30-13, HG

While the mainstream economists were quick to believe that the U.S. economy
AND
, and they're doing a masterful job at luring in even more investors.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 6 | Opponent: South Anchorage JV | Judge: Rohit Rajan
Obama Pushing for the narrow window, one brief shot, plan will derail CIR
Hartmann 1/8/14 Margaret Hartmann http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/01/immigration-reform-has-one-brief-shot-in-2014.html Night Editor for NY Magazine
Even before the government shutdown was fully sorted out, President Obama declared that he'd
AND
, that agreements can be reached, and that commitments can be kept."
Reform’s key to heg
Nye 12 Joseph S. Nye, a former US assistant secretary of defense and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council, is University Professor at Harvard University. “Immigration and American Power,” December 10, Project Syndicate, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s~-~-nye
CAMBRIDGE – The United States is a nation of immigrants. Except for a small
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long way toward fulfilling his promise to maintain the strength of the US.
Political capital sustains Boehner support for Immigration reform
A. Obama using PC to get advisers to make the best of his PC B. Sustaining what he has left is key
Juliet Eilperin; Karen Tumulty, The Washington Post , 12/11/13 (“Podesta, Schiliro to return to White House:” P. Nexis)
The decision to enlist influential Democratic strategist John D. Podesta, just days after
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advisers know how to do it as well as it can be done."
Loss of hegemony causes global instability
Kagan 12, Senior Fellow at Brookings (Robert, 3/14/12 “America has made the world freer, safer and wealthier” CNN,http://us.cnn.com/2012/03/14/opinion/kagan-world-america-made/index.html?hpt=hp_c1)
We take a lot for granted about the way the world looks today -- the
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what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.

Tournament: CSU Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul AG | Judge: Stephen Goldberg
Postcolonialism's focus on cultural representations excludes Marxist analysis by denying the existence of material origins to issues, ensuring that the plan only retrenches colonial domination
Sahay, Marxist scholar, 02
Amrohini, September 2002, The Red Critique, “Edward Said's (Class) "Politics", http://redcritique.org/SeptOct02/printversions/edwardsaidsclasspoliticsprint.htm, accessed 7-18-13, GSK
Over the years, especially since the publication of his book, Orientalism, in
AND
done: deploy "culture" to cover over the contradictions of class.

Capitalism is dehumanizing – People become nothing more than material conditions of production.
Meszaros, University of Sussex professor, 95
(Istvan, 1995, Beyond Capital: Toward a Theory of Transition, pg. 527, JZ)
The raison d'ttre of such changes is not too difficult to identify. For through
AND
the never-ending multiplication of material wealth as the aim of production.
The Alt is to reject the Aff. As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel 2 (Joel, Professor of Social Studies at Bard, The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can delegitimate the system and release people into struggle. And as struggle
AND
of the masses of people. There is no greater responsibility for intellectuals.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 6 | Opponent: Nevada Union CH | Judge: Tom Glinecki
The elimination of physical barriers only upholds capitalism by increasing competition for labor while failing to eliminate social and economic division which is the true limit to social mobility
DeFazio, professor @ the English Department at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 02
Kimberly, May/June, Red Critique, “Whither Borders?”, http://www.redcritique.org/MayJune02/whitherborders.htm, accessed 7-19-13, GSK
If it were really the "universal" interests of the "host nation"
AND
even while they attempt to divert all attention onto matters of national insecurity.
Capitalism is dehumanizing – People become nothing more than material conditions of production.
Meszaros, University of Sussex professor, 95
(Istvan, 1995, Beyond Capital: Toward a Theory of Transition, pg. 527, JZ)
The raison d'ttre of such changes is not too difficult to identify. For through
AND
the never-ending multiplication of material wealth as the aim of production.
The Alt is to reject the Aff. As an intellectual your rejection of capitalism has emancipatory results relentless criticism allows capitalism to be challenged.
Kovel 2
(Joel, Professor of Social Studies at Bard, The Enemy of Nature, p224)
Relentless criticism can delegitimate the system and release people into struggle. And as struggle
AND
of the masses of people. There is no greater responsibility for intellectuals.

Tournament: La Costa | Round: 5 | Opponent: Irvine HL | Judge: Marvin Carter
Focus on Linguistics Rather Than Material Reality Isolates Marxist Politics in Intellectual Ivory Towers and Precludes the Possibility of Action Because We Are Constantly Searching for Endless Lines of Causality – Probably Jacks Your Perm Too
 Rene Francisco Poitevin, PhD Cand Sociol @ UC-Davis and big time “on the ground” marxist 2001“The end of anti-capitalism as we knew it: Reflections on postmodern Marxism”, The Socialist Review
The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It) begs another question: Who
AND
oppositions, the differences" that constitute the episteme of a period.33

Believing the discursive is co extensive of the social is flawed-it dematerializes power by decoupling domination from exploitation and viewing power as a diffuse practice. The call to focus on symbols places consumption as a method of resistance-it is how we consume and understand symbols that is the key.  This ignores that every capitalist transgression has been rooted from production, not consumption.
Zavarzadeh in 95
(Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, post-ality: Marxism and postmodernism, post-ality the (dis)simulations of cybercapitalism)
The matterist theories of consumptionism are all founded upon the ludic .assumptions of the
AND
advocate a consensus for a permanent bourgeois democracy. 19-22

The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system
Zizek and Daly in 4
 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gord¬ian knot of postmodern protocol
AND
the abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative for an unconditional fidelity to a Universal struggle for political economic emancipation. Arguments about the ability of the alternative to succeed or the possibility for authoritarianism to occur are irrelevant – it is this prioritization of the new social order’s construction that caused Maoist violence and guarantees failure. We must take a leap of faith.
Zizek in 8
Slavoj; senior researcher @ U of Ljubjlana; In Defense of Lost Causes; p. 202-210
This capitalist reappropriation of revolutionary dynamics is not without its comic side effects. It
AND
) Ho: "Try again. Fail again. Fail better,"76

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 4 | Opponent: Juan Diego LZ | Judge: Joel Lemuel
Cuba is transitioning to sustainable agriculture because the embargo- the plan reverses that
Gonzalez, 03 - Professor of International Law at Seattle University.  (Carmen, 2003. "Seasons of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Cuba". Tulane Environmental Law Journal. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=987944)
Cuba was able to transform its agricultural development model as a consequence of the political
AND
and economic pressure from the United States and from the global trading system.
Cuban agriculture is key to solve the environment
Peters 10 (Kathryn A. Peters, J.D. from the University of Oregon . "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution". University of Oregon Law School. law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in ¶ Cuba’s history,
AND
new economy for many Cubans without negatively ¶ impacting the environment or society.

Billions die and risks extinction
Cummins and Allen, 10 (Ronnie, Int’l. Dir. – Organic Consumers Association, and Will, Policy Advisor – Organic Consumers Association, “Climate Catastrophe: Surviving the 21st Century”, 2-14,  http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/02/14-6)
The hour is late. Leading climate scientists such as James Hansen are literally shouting
AND
and the fossil fuel lobby appear determined to maintain "business as usual."

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Appleton KS | Judge: Jsckie Meyer
Cuba is transitioning to sustainable agriculture because the embargo- the plan reverses that
Gonzalez, 03 - Professor of International Law at Seattle University.  (Carmen, 2003. "Seasons of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Cuba". Tulane Environmental Law Journal. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=987944)
Cuba was able to transform its agricultural development model as a consequence of the political
AND
and economic pressure from the United States and from the global trading system.
Cuban agriculture is key to solve the environment
Peters 10 (Kathryn A. Peters, J.D. from the University of Oregon . "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution". University of Oregon Law School. law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)
While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in ¶ Cuba’s history,
AND
new economy for many Cubans without negatively ¶ impacting the environment or society.

Billions die and risks extinction
Cummins and Allen, 10 (Ronnie, Int’l. Dir. – Organic Consumers Association, and Will, Policy Advisor – Organic Consumers Association, “Climate Catastrophe: Surviving the 21st Century”, 2-14,  http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/02/14-6)
The hour is late. Leading climate scientists such as James Hansen are literally shouting
AND
and the fossil fuel lobby appear determined to maintain "business as usual."

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Dieguito DZ | Judge: Nathaniel Saxe
Our existence always already comes at the expense of another—there is no pure ethics
Phelps 2009
Norm, animal rights activist and author of The Longest Struggle: Animal Advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA, “The Quest for a Boundless Ethic: A Reassessment of Albert Schweitzer” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, VII.1 http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/journal-for-critical-animal-studies/archives/
Schweitzer was, however, acutely aware of the larger problem that living beings regularly
AND
we will be able to reduce over time the evil that we do.
Ethical policymaking requires calculation of feasibility and time-sensitive consequences—refusing consequentialism allows atrocity in the name of ethical purity
Gvosdev 5 – executive editor of The National Interest(Nikolas, The Value(s) of Realism, SAIS Review 25.1, pmuse,)

As the name implies, realists focus on promoting policies that are achievable and sustainable
AND
—and the one that had also been roundly condemned on moral grounds. 

Being in the world makes some calculation inevitable—attempts to avoid all calculation reproduces calculability in its worst forms
Derrida 92(Jacques, Deconstruction and the Possibility of Justice, ed Cornell, p 28,)

That justice exceeds law and calculation, that the unpresentable exceeds the determinable cannot and
AND
in progress, everywhere in the world, for men and for women.
Calls for change and accepting - are the best means to celebrate life – inaction breeds resentment
May, Lemon Professor of Philosophy at Clemson University, ‘5 (Todd, “To change the world, to celebrate life” Philosophy and Social Criticism, Vol 31 No 5-6, p 517-531, SagePub)
To change the world and to celebrate life. This, as the theologian Harvey
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who would be more than willing to take your world up for you.
The possibility of extinction means we can no longer afford to be complicit with inevitable suffering – an affirmation of life must affirm existence first
Connolly, Professor of Political Science at John Hopkins University, ’2 (William, “Identity/Difference: Democratic Negotiations of Political Paradox” p 186-187)
Zarathustra says: "The most concerned ask today, 'How is man to be
AND
resent-ment and an affirmation of life that rises above this tendency. 

Being complicit in scenarios for extinction and refusing to respond is worst for civilization
Epstein, Professor of Computational Oncology at the University of Hong Kong, ‘9 (Richard, Winter, “The Threat That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Human Extinction” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Vol 52 No 1, p 116-125)
Attack of the Clones Even if we accept that the extinction of our species is
AND
now all too often dismiss as “human nature” (Tudge 1989).  
Concerns about avoiding extinction are best
Epstein, Professor of Computational Oncology at the University of Hong Kong, ‘9 (Richard, Winter, “The Threat That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Human Extinction” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Vol 52 No 1, p 116-125)
We shall not speculate here as to the “how and when” of human
AND
and newsworthy than the roller-coaster booms and busts of stock markets.

By banishing the specter of death, they just make the sarcophagus invisible, turning confrontation into obsession
Dollimore, Sociology – U Sussex, ’98
(Jonathan, Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture, pg. 221)

Jean Baudrillard presents the argument for the existence of a denial of death in its
AND
culture only when we accept death as profoundly, compellingly and irreducibly traumatic.
The search for an authentic relationship to death devalues life
Theresa Sanders 6, theology prof at Georgetown, Tenebrae: Holy Week after the Holocaust, googlebooks

In her book Spirit of Ashes: Hegel, Heidegger, and Man-Made
AND
Such economics turn imagery of the “cycle of life” into mockery.

And their Generalizations are false – the affs focus isn’t inherently on death but rather the exploration of freedom and possibilities – demanding an authentic relationship to mortality entrenches us in the worst kind of solipism
Dollimore, Sociology – U Sussex, ’98
(Jonathan, Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture, pg. 221)

But freedom cannot embrace death. Despite taking so much from modern philosophers of death
AND
no place for it in my subjectivity' (pp. 547-8).
The scenario for nuclear escalation and war they imagine will always be prevented by deterrence.  However, the fear of extinction by nuclear war is used to justify a state security apparatus that freezes the social and can only result in the inevitable suffering associated with the fear that they proclaim
Baudrillard in 81 Jean, “Simulacra and Simulation” p. 32-35
The apotheosis of simulation: the nuclear. However, the balance of terror is
AND
vectors of a system of planetary control (where even the super- powers of this scenario are not free-the whole world is satellized).

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Dieguito DZ | Judge: Nathaniel Saxe
Nanotech Accident
Self-replicating nano-bots are impossible
Smalley 03 Rick- University Professor, Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics and Astronomy, 1996 Nobel Prize Winner – Chemistry and Engineering News, “Nanotechnology: Drexler and Smalley Make the Case for and Against “Molecular Assemblers’”, December 1, Volume 81, Number 48, p. 37-42
But where does the enzyme or ribosome entity come from in your vision of
AND
there is a vast area of chemistry that has eluded us for centuries.  

The grey goo theory is sheer fiction – none of their predictions have any scientific validity
Philip Ball 3, a science writer and a consultant editor of Nature, 200 3 “Nanotechnology Science's Next Frontier or Just a Load of Bull?” New Statesman, June 23, 2003 www.questia.com

Such concerns say more about human nature than about nanotechnology. These fears loom large
AND
Even Drexler no longer rates grey goo as an important concern for nanotechnology.

Grey goo is impossible—Drexler has conceded
New Scientist 4 (“U-turn on goo”, June 12, L/N
GREY goo is no more. Eric Drexler, the futurist who dreamed up the
AND
to spread around the planet, Hollywood style, eating everything its path.

Self-replicating nanobots are a scienfitifc impossibility—contrary thoughts ignore basic chemistry and would require a living enzyme
Smalley 3 Rick- University Professor, Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics and Astronomy, 1996 Nobel Prize Winner – Chemistry and Engineering News, “Nanotechnology: Drexler and Smalley Make the Case for and Against “Molecular Assemblers’”, December 1, Volume 81, Number 48, p. 37-42
You still do not appear to understand the impact of my short piece in
AND
no such monster as the self-replicating mechanical nanobot of your dreams.

No Gray Goo – safeguards solve and waste heat means expansion would be slow and we could develop counter-measures
Webb in 2 (Stephen, Physicist at Open University of London, “If the Universe Is Teeming with Aliens... Where Is Everybody? Fifty Solutions to Fermi's Paradox and the Problem of Extraterrestrial Life”, p. 127)

The young boy in Woody Allen's Annie Hall becomes depressed at the thought that the
AND
one more risk that an advanced technological species will have to live with.

Self-replicating nanobots are impossible—three reasons
Science 2k Robert F. Service, “Is Nanotechnology Dangerous?” Volume 290, Number 5496, November 24, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/290/5496/1526)
Richard Smalley, a Nobel Prize-winning chemist at Rice University in Houston
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. "It's not real now and will never be in the future."  

Robots would not be programmed to have survival instincts
Singer 09 (5/21/09, P.W. Singer, director of the 21st Century Defense Initiative at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D. in security studies from Harvard, helped write Obama’s defense policy agenda, Slate, “Gaming the Robot Revolution,” http://www.slate.com/id/2218834/)
First, the machines would have to have some sort of survival instinct or will
AND
would serve the very opposite goal to give our robots any survival instinct. 

Robots would need humans to remain operational
Singer 09 (5/21/09, P.W. Singer, director of the 21st Century Defense Initiative at the Brookings Institution, Ph.D. in security studies from Harvard, helped write Obama’s defense policy agenda, Slate, “Gaming the Robot Revolution,” http://www.slate.com/id/2218834/)
The third condition for a machine takeover would be the existence of independent robots that
AND
with gas, repair any broken parts, and update its mission protocols.

Hadron Collider
No impact – the universe is making the total number of collisions made by the LHC 10 trillion times a second
Ellis et al 08 (12/11/08, John Ellis, Gian Giudice, Michelangelo Mangano, Igor Tkachev and Urs Wiedemann, LHC Safety Assessment Group, Theory Division, Physics Department, CERN, “Review of the Safety of LHC Collisions,” http://lsag.web.cern.ch/lsag/LSAG-Report.pdf) 

Before discussing these two hypothetical phenomena in more detail, we first review in Section
AND
the production of magnetic monopoles at the LHC is a case for concern. 

No impact – the universe has already conducted trillions of collisions
Ellis et al 08 (12/11/08, John Ellis, Gian Giudice, Michelangelo Mangano, Igor Tkachev and Urs Wiedemann, LHC Safety Assessment Group, Theory Division, Physics Department, CERN, “Review of the Safety of LHC Collisions,” http://lsag.web.cern.ch/lsag/LSAG-Report.pdf)
Moreover, our Milky Way galaxy contains about 1011 stars with sizes similar to our
AND
exist, and conventional astrophysics can explain all the astrophysical black holes detected. 

Collisions won’t cause extinction – physicists agree and empirical evidence proves
Anders Sandberg, 08 - Postdoctoral research assistant for the Oxford group of the EU ENHANCE Project at the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics and research associate at the Future of Humanity Institute At Oxford University, 2008 (“Extinction Risks and Particle Physics: When Are They Worth it?,” 3/29, http://www.practicalethicsnews.com/practicalethics/2008/03/extinction-risk.html, Kunal)
The Large Hadron Collider, LHC, is the worlds biggest particle accelerator and due
AND
strange matter and black holes if a measly 14 TeV could cause danger.

No threat of collider impacts
CERN 03 (“STUDY OF POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS EVENTS DURING HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS AT THE LHC: REPORT OF THE LHC SAFETY STUDY GROUP," 2/28, http://doc.cern.ch/yellowrep/2003/2003-001/p1.pdf, Kunal)
We review the possibility of producing dangerous objects during heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. We consider all such objects that have been theoretically envisaged, such as negatively charged strangelets, gravitational black holes, and magnetic monopoles. We find no basis for any conceivable threat.

No risk of black hole or strangelets
R. L. Jaffe, Professor of Physics at MIT, et al, 2000 (“Review of Speculative "Disaster Scenarios" at RHIC,” Rev.Mod.Phys. 72, http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9910333, Kunal)

We discuss speculative disaster scenarios inspired by hypothetical new fundamental processes that might occur in
AND
exposure, provides powerful empirical evidence against the possibility of dangerous strangelet production.

Antimatter Weaps
No anti-matter- too costly and long to produce
ScienceRay, 1-28-11, “Should We Fund Antimatter?” http://scienceray.com/technology/should-we-fund-antimatter/, 

The problem of getting antimatter is that it doesn’t exist on earth naturally because any
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of having stray antimatter in the universe but we can never be sure…. 

Anti-matter too difficult to produce- no chance it’ll ever happen
Quinn, 2010, Jameson, Programmer, Quora, “Will antimatter as a fuel ever be feasible?” http://www.quora.com/Will-antimatter-as-a-fuel-ever-be-feasible,
Here's some quick, preliminary points to kick things off. -For the forseeable
AND
expect - it would take many decades for it to become remotely feasible.

Can’t make anti-matter weapons- too difficult, long term, and costly
Gefter, 2009, Amanda, NewScientist, “What about antimatter bombs?” http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17019-what-about-antimatter-bombs.html,
The idea that humanity might one day harness the annihilative power of antimatter for destructive
AND
-stuff to make the bomb Dan Brown talks about," he says.

Anti-matter either was permanently destroyed or is too far away to be of consequence
Gefter, 2009, Amanda, NewScientist, “What about antimatter bombs?” http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16780-where-is-all-the-antimatter.html,
According to the theory, matter and antimatter were created in equal amounts at the
AND
and whole regions of it that are too far away ever to see.

Anti-matter is impossible
Palmert, 5-30-11, Brian, Washington Post, “NASA looks for antimatter. It’s not just some sci-fi idea?” http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/science/nasa-looks-for-antimatter-its-not-just-some-sci-fi-idea/2011/05/23/AGYAeyEH_story_1.html,

Even more perplexing is the fact that all our high-energy experiments on Earth
AND
solve the energy problems of a small village, let alone the world. 

Time Travel
This makes no sense – If time travel is theoretically possible but destroys the universe someone would have destroyed us already – the fact that the universe exists in its present state proves no one has traveled in time now or in the future which means your impact won’t happen

Time travel won’t destroy space time – if its possible it would preclude causality violations
New Scientist in ’05 (Mark Buchanan, “No paradox for time travelers”, June 18, http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7535andfeedId=online-news_rss20)

THE laws of physics seem to permit time travel, and with it, paradoxical
AND
the past, even if they are able to go back in time.

Time travel is impossible
The Scotsman in ’98 (Jim Gilchrist, “IT'S OFFICIAL. Scientists have concluded that time can move in only one direction – forward”, December 3, L/N)

So that's it then. Say goodbye to that glittering crystal machine assembled in the
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, but not in the larger world," pronounced one of the violators.

Time travel ain’t happening
The Independent (London) in ’98 (Charles Arthur, “Science: No more back to the future; To the dismay of science fiction fans, physicists have proved time only moves forwards”, November 27, L/N)

But earlier this month 100 scientists from nine countries published the results of a three
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at the single-atom level, but not in the larger world."

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: Triples | Opponent: Niles West CH | Judge: Brian Rubaie, Kaycee Antosiak, Amy Wooten
ERROR

Tournament: CSU Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul AG | Judge: Stephen Goldberg
A. Our Interpretation – debate should be a site for contest over government proposals. This requires that the affirmative present a predictable plan of action and defends that their policy should be adopted by the United States federal government.
B. Our interpretation most predictable given the wording of the resolution:

1. The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters
   Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2K http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm

Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself. Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on… If the introductory phrase preceding the colon is very brief and the clause following the colon represents the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.
2. “Resolved” expresses intent to implement the plan
American Heritage Dictionary 2K www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=resolved

To find a solution to; solve … To bring to a usually successful conclusion
3. “Should” denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary – 2K www.dictionary.com

3 Used to express probability or expectation
“The USFG” is the government in Washington D.C.
Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2K http://encarta.msn.com

“The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC.”
And, our definition excludes action by smaller political groups or individuals.
Black’s Law Dictionary Seventh Edition Ed. Bryan A. Garner (chief) 1999

Federal government 1. A national government that exercises some degree of control over smaller political units that have surrendered some degree of power in exchange for the right to participate in national political matters.
D. Reasons to prefer -
1.) Ground – The aff will always win that the principles of their advocacy are good in the abstract – we can only debate the merits of their framework if they defend the specific consequences of political implementation
Michael Ignatieff, Carr professor of human rights at Harvard, 2004 Lesser Evils p. 20-1 

As for moral perfectionism, this would be the doctrine that a liberal state should
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, and thus respect for one right might lead us to betray another.
2.) Topical Education – By manipulating the topic to access their political project they skirt debate about the implementation of policies by the government. Their education is distrusting of institutional study and pragmatic reform. Even if their intentions are noble, their message results in fascist totalitarianism  
Martin Lewis, Assistant Professor at George Washington, 1992 Green Delusions p. 258

A majority of those born between 1960 and 1980 seem to tend toward cynicism,
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compromise becomes a kind of immorality, and constitutional refinements become inconvenient niceties.
3) Limits – there are limitless contexts or avenues through which they could purport to advocate the plan. Our interpretation limits debate to promote politically relevant dialogue and structured communication.
Donald S. Lutz, Professor of Polisci at Houston, 2K Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 39-40

Aristotle notes in the Politics that political theory simultaneously proceeds at three levels—discourse
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the theory, not in the moral vision of the non-theorist.
4.) Framework provides a-priori reasons to vote negative. You must use your ballot to ratify constraints on discourse to preserve a politically-enabling discussion
Ruth Lessl Shively, Assoc Prof Polisci at Texas AandM, 2K Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 179
To put this point another way, it turns out that to be open to
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they require the most unflag¬ging and firm support that we can give them.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Bellarmine PR | Judge: Maksim Bugrov
.

Tournament: CSU Fullerton | Round: 5 | Opponent: PV Peninsula EL | Judge: Sohin Gautam
Our counter advocacy is that we should engage in discussion forums outside of competitive debate to confront neoliberal policy
Discussion forums solve best- we should encourage community-wide forums to discuss their advocacy
Zompetti ’04 Joe, Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State University, “Contemporary Argumentation and Debate”
Interjecting the personalized into debate rounds has become highly problematic. As discussions on eDebate
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to personalizing debate, however, are, in my opinion, enormous.

Three net benefits- 

1. Alliance splitting- personalizing debate risks splitting alliances and fracturing solutions, causing backlash and resistance:
   Zompetti ’04 Joe, Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State
   University, “Contemporary Argumentation and Debate”
   The purpose of this essay is to outline what I strongly believe is a fundamental
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   of debating has emerged wrought with frustrations, anxiety, resistance and backlash.
   2. Structural solutions- personalized debating blocks structural solutions- our counter advocacy solves better
   Zompetti ’04 Joe, Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State
   University, “Contemporary Argumentation and Debate”
   To be sure, many have embraced the idea to gain a strategic edge in competitive debate rounds as well as to be self-reflexive of their own participation in an activity that probably does need restructuring. However, the central problem of this new phenomenon – the personalizing of debating – is twofold: it victimizes debate, and it ignores deeper, perhaps more important structural problems within the debate community.
   3. Debate rounds are bad forums- lack of time, moving advocacy target, and they deflect from community-wide discussions- turns the case
   Zompetti ’04 Joe, Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State
   University, “Contemporary Argumentation and Debate”
   The second major problem with this turn in contemporary policy debate is its deflection,
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   how personalized debating prevents examination of more important factors such as resource disparity.

Tournament: CSU Long Beach | Round: 4 | Opponent: Oxford Academy | Judge: Christian Liu
The Cuban government is committing a psychological femicide to the background of oppressing its populace and hiding its acts of terror
Gonzalez, Heritage Foundation communications vice president, 11
Mike, 7-26-11, The Foundry, “Media Fails to Report on Castro Regime’s Brutal Oppression,” http://blog.heritage.org/2011/07/26/media-fails-to-report-on-castro-regimes-brutal-oppression/, accessed 6-24-13, PR
Last week, just outside Cuba’s holiest Catholic shrine, government thugs attacked in plain
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to terrorize and drag a bunch of older women naked through the streets.

The aff’s moral tunnel vision papers over the oppression of women—refusal to be complicit with the ongoing evil of Cuba is key
Gordon and Gordon, senior lecturer at Ben-Gurion University, and independent Scholar, 95
(Haim and Rivca, “Sartre and Evil: Guidelines for a Struggle,” 1995, 129-130, Questia, 7-2-13,)

One cannot struggle actively against Evil in society without expressing moral indignation and without abandoning
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institutions that continue to oppress, exploit, debase, and degrade women.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Notre Dame PD | Judge: Bryan Gaston
A) They destroy our ability to selectively support and abide by I-Law – that causes Congress to withdraw support for all treaties and humyn rights agreements – it’s worse for I-Law
Kuhner 03 (Timothy , of the Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law “HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES IN U.S. LAW: THE STATUS QUO, ITS UNDERLYING BASES, AND PATHWAYS FOR CHANGE,” Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, Spring, 13 Duke J. Comp. and Int'l L. 419)
The "gotcha" approach contradicts the principles of treaty law as understood by the
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that the Constitution  *468  makes international law "our law." n240 

Incorporating I-Law massively expands the use of the Alien Tort Statute
Windsor 03, JD University of Iowa (Pedro Juan, “Cry for Freedom: Boriken (Puerto Rico) and Indigenous Nations in America,” Journal of Gender Race and Justice, Fall, 7 J. Gender Race and Just. 439)
The first school of thought purports that the incorporation of customary international law into U
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. laws and/or doctrines that impinge on "tribal" sovereignty. 

That turns every impact – this litigation undermines cooperation needed to solve global problems
Bradley 01, Law Professor at Virginia (Curtis, Hunton and Williams Professor of Law, University of Virginia, “The Costs of International Human Rights Litigation,” Chicago Journal of International Law, Fall, 2 Chi. J. Int'l L. 457)reject gendered language
The most significant cost of international human rights litigation is that it shifts responsibility for
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the precise opposite of the effect of international human rights litigation. n19

B) Incorporation of I-Law into the courts undermines our diplomatic credibility
Wilkinson 04, Circuit Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit, former Law Professor at the University of Virginia, and former Deputy Assistant Attorney General of the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division (The Honarable J. Harvie, “DEBATE: THE USE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN JUDICIAL DECISIONS,” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Spring, 27 Harv. J.L. and Pub. Pol'y 423)
So judges must not wade, sua sponte, into international law's deep blue sea
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" of the Constitution on domestic social issues raises three types of problems. 

And that means they trade-off with our focus to stop prolif
Anderson 02, Economics Professor at Montana State (Terry, The Greening of Foreign Policy, http://www.perc.org/pdf/ps20.pdf)
Greater international environmental regulation can increase international tension. Foreign policy is a bag of
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our allies, securing vital resources, and ensuring access to foreign economies.”

Prolif causes nuke war
Cimbala 08  Stephen, Distinguished Prof. Pol. Sci. – Penn. State Brandywine, Comparative Strategy, “Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia”, 27, InformaWorld

If the possibility existed of a mistaken preemption during and immediately after the Cold War
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Asiacould overturn these expectations for the obsolescence or marginalization of major interstate warfare.

C) Their acceptance of I-Law hurts Joint training operations – causes North Korean aggression
Smidt 01 (Michael L. is aProfessor of International and Operational Law at the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s School, “The International Criminal Court: An Effective Means of Deterrence,” Military Law Review, March, 167 Mil. L. Rev. 156)
Not only is an unauthorized use of force prohibited by the U.N.
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territorial integrity of the target state, North Korea.  =238    n237

Korean war goes nuclear
Steven Metz 13, Chairman of the Regional Strategy and Planning Department and Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute, 3/13/13, “Strategic Horizons: Thinking the Unthinkable on a Second Korean War,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12786/strategic-horizons-thinking-the-unthinkable-on-a-second-korean-war
Today, North Korea is the most dangerous country on earthand the greatest threat to
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two continued mutual trade and investment. Stranger things have happened in statecraft.

D) Incorporating I-Law wrecks court stability – that prevents foreign direct investment – turns democracy and humyn rights
Kochan 06, Law Professor at Chapman University (Donald, “SOVEREIGNTY AND THE AMERICAN COURTS AT THE COCKTAIL PARTY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE DANGERS OF DOMESTIC JUDICIAL INVOCATIONS OF FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW,” Fordham International Law Journal, 29 Fordham Int'l L.J. 507)Reject gendered language used in ev
Finally, economic development and its concomitant contribution to the advancement of human rights and
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on investment predictability both within and outside the walls of the United States. 

FDI solves war
Polachek et al 08 (11-28, Solomon, “Globalization and International Conflict: Can FDI Increase Peace?,”http:www.city.academic.gr/special/events/economics_and_security09/2006/10-polachek.pdf)reject gendered language
The main mechanism through which FDI influences international relations is similar to the way trade
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resulting consequence is likely to be cooperative relationships between countries and less conflict.

e) I-Law wrecks deterrence
Boyle 09 (Francis A., professor of international law at the University of Illinois College of Law, “The Criminality on Nuclear Weapons,” http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2009/08/20_boyle_criminality_deterrence.php)
The use of nuclear weapons in combat was, and still is, absolutely prohibited
AND
the first-use of nuclear weapons even to repel a conventional attack. 

That causes nuclear war
Blackwill 13 – special advisor to the Air Force’s assistant Chief of Staff for strategic deterrence and nuclear integration
(James, “Nuclear Weapons Critics Suffer Cold War Brain Freeze; Deterrence Works, Argues Top Air Force Official”, AOL Defense, 2-20-2013, Accessed 2-25-2013, http://defense.aol.com/2013/02/20/nuclear-weapons-critics-suffer-cold-war-brain-freeze-deterrence/)
There is an unsettling paradox in much of the recent debate over nuclear weapons in
AND
War thinking to make sure that today, nuclear weapons are never used.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Appleton KS | Judge: Jsckie Meyer
Iran deal now, Obama’s pushing but it’ll be a fight—
Warrick and O’Keefe 11-19-13
Joby Warrick and Ed O’Keefe. Washington Post “New Iran sanctions not likely while nuclear talks still in progress, key senators say” http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/new-iran-sanctions-not-likely-while-nuclear-talks-still-in-progress-key-senators-say/2013/11/19/251460a4-5163-11e3-9fe0-fd2ca728e67c_story.html MG
Lawmakers acknowledged Tuesday that they were unlikely to impose new economic sanctions on Iran while
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essentially prevent it from ever using its nuclear facilities to build atomic bombs.
Drains capital – Backlash and hostage taking on unrelated priority legislation is empirically proven, likely in future and specifically true for Rubio  – Cuba policy is totally unique – this is the best link card you will ever read
LeoGrande, 12
William M. LeoGrande School of Public Affairs American University, Professor of Government and a specialist in Latin American politics and U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, Professor LeoGrande has been a frequent adviser to government and private sector agencies, 12/18/12, http://www.american.edu/clals/upload/LeoGrande-Fresh-Start.pdf

The Second Obama Administration Where in the executive branch will control over Cuba policy lie
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rarely happen unless the urgency of the problem forces policymakers to take action.
Aggressive political capital is key—the deal solves Iranian porlif, terrorism, and middle east war—
Rothkopf 11/12/13
David, Visiting Scholar, Carnegie Endowment, “This Deal Won’t Seal Itself,” http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/11/12/this-deal-won-t-seal-itself/gtpi
Rest assured however, there are several reasons this apparent screwup will not result in
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those that may emerge elsewhere (as in Western Afghanistan, for example).
Iran prolif causes extinction – defense doesn’t apply
Kroenig and McNally ’13— Matthew, assistant professor and international relations field chair in the department of government at Georgetown University, Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations; and Robert, served as Senior Director for International Energy at the U.S. National Security Council and Special Assistant to the President at the U.S. National Economic Council, March 2013 (Matthew and Robert, “Iranian Nukes and Global Oil,” The American Interest, Vol. 8, No. 4.)
But the impact of sanctions on future Iranian production pales in comparison to the other
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risk that things could spiral out of control and result in nuclear war.

Tournament: La Costa | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Dieguito BM | Judge: Grigsby
US economic engagement with Latin America furthers globalization preferential to power elites that privilege profit maximization over the benefit of the laborer – locking in poverty and exploitation for the global South
Ramierez 2006 Steven, Professor of Law and Director of the Business Law Center, Loyola University at Chicago.  “Endogenous Growth Theory, Status Quo Efficiency, and Globalization,” 17 Berkeley La Raza Law Journal 1
Globalization may hold the promise for the most massive amelioration of poverty and economic oppression
AND
fulfills its fundamental promises of greater prosperity and real poverty reduction.4 1

The Affirmative’s unidemensional configuration ignores environmental and social externalities ensuring their continual devastation and preventing criticism to protect existing formations of trade – turns the aff and locks in global poverty
Gonzalez, Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law, 2010 (Carmen G. 4/13/2010, Deconstructing the Mythology of Free Trade: Critical Reflections on Comparative Advantage, Berkeley La Raza Journal, Vol.17 pp. 65.68,  http://ssrn.com/abstract=1588987, 7/02/2013, J.Y.)
Neoclassical trade theory distorts comparative advantage by failing to take into account the environmental and
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Southern governments to provide jobs and housing, accelerating migration to the North.

The alt is to politicize identity—making identity a question of ethnic struggle de-essentializes identity critique and founds the possibility of a new intersectional identity politics aimed at recovering experiences erased by the unidimensional analyses of being championed by the status quo.
Chang, Associate Professor at California Western School of Law, 97
Robert S., Fall 1997, Harvard Latino Law Review, “Racial Cross Dressing,” http://biblioteca.uprrp.edu/latcritcd/Publications/PublishedSymposium/LCIHarvardLat(1997)/LCIRChang.pdf, date accessed: 07/06/2013, LV MODIFICATIONS IN BRACKETS FOR INCLUSIVITY
We might examine the development of a "Black" Afro-Asian identity in
AND
specific claim of being Latina, and the Korean grocer's claim of being  Black

Tournament: La Costa | Round: 3 | Opponent: Torrey Pines NH | Judge: Nate Wong
The US-Mexican Border is built on the foundation of racism and violence that is made clear in constructions of the threat of terrorists right across the border. The United States involvement and creation of a social, physical, and ideological border is not neutral and only serves to justify exploitation in a system of flawed identity politics
Chomsky 11/1 (Noam, American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, logician, political commentator and activist; Professor Emeritus at MIT; PhD from University of Pennsylvania, “Hidden Power and Built Form: The Politics Behind the Architecture”, http://architecturemps.com/full-text-3/, Accessed: 11-13-13, JC)
In order to understand the rationale behind the fortification of the border and the physical
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 In fact, many live right where I do, near Boston.

US policy is entrenched in the fear of the Latina/o—the foreigner is constructed as the radical Other we must exclude at all costs, and this culminates in violence and discrimination.
Hayes, Professor of Law at University of Louisville Louis D. Brandeis School of Law, 1
Enid Trucio, “Why ‘Race Matters:’ LatCrit Theory and Latina/o Racial Identity,” http://homepage.smc.edu/preciado_christina/Current/Sociology2031/Readings/Why20Race20Matters20LatCrit.pdf, date accessed: 07/02/13, LV
A Latina/o indeterminate group racial identity facilitates the manipulation of the Latina/
AND
the White population of the United States could become a racial minority.177

The alt is to politicize identity—making identity a question of ethnic struggle de-essentializes identity critique and founds the possibility of a new intersectional identity politics aimed at recovering experiences erased by the unidimensional analyses of being championed by the status quo.
Chang, Associate Professor at California Western School of Law, 97
Robert S., Fall 1997, Harvard Latino Law Review, “Racial Cross Dressing,” http://biblioteca.uprrp.edu/latcritcd/Publications/PublishedSymposium/LCIHarvardLat(1997)/LCIRChang.pdf, date accessed: 07/06/2013, LV MODIFICATIONS IN BRACKETS FOR INCLUSIVITY
We might examine the development of a "Black" Afro-Asian identity in
AND
claim of being Latina, and the Korean grocer's claim of being  Black.

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Interlake HJ | Judge: Brett Lind
Obama attaching to campaigns now that’s key to retaining the senate and gaining the house – ensures all his second-term legislation
Lederman 2/13 (Josh, Associated Press and Political Correspondent for US News, US News, 2-18-14, “Obama commits to more than 18 fundraisers to benefit Democrats ahead of 2014 midterm elections”, http://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2014/02/13/obama-to-hold-more-than-18-dem-fundraisers-in-2014, Accessed: 2-13-14, JC)
WASHINGTON (AP) — President Barack Obama has committed to holding more than 18
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game-over for any second-term legislation Obama hopes to achieve.
Economic engagement with Mexico is politically divisive with the public – limited understanding prevents a link turn
Wilson 13 – Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International. Center for Scholars (Christopher E., January, “A U.S.-Mexico Economic Alliance: Policy Options for a Competitive Region,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)
At a time when Mexico is poised to experience robust economic growth, a manufacturing
AND
action to support regional exporters more politically divisive than it ought to be.
Unique Internal Link – Voters Are on the Fence Now, But Past Midterm Elections Prove Unpopular Presidents Mobilize Voters of Opposition Parties And Demobilize Supporters
BY SEAN SULLIVAN 1/27 2014 January 27 Can Obama lift Democrats in the midterms? Don’t count on it. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/01/27/can-obama-lift-democrats-in-the-midterms-dont-count-on-it/
President Obama will not appear on a single ballot this fall, but there's no
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phones. The overall margin of error is 3.5 percentage points.

Immigration Is a Priority After Election
Fritze, 2-14
John Fritze, Reporter for the Baltimore Sun, 2-14-2014, 'America deserves a raise,' Obama tells Democrats in Cambridge, The Baltimore Sun, http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-obama-cambridge-20140214,0,1229180.story
Rep. Steny Hoyer of Southern Maryland, the No. 2 Democrat in the
AND
. The president warned against punting on the issue until after the election.
Reform’s key to heg
Nye 12 Joseph S. Nye, a former US assistant secretary of defense and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council, is University Professor at Harvard University. “Immigration and American Power,” December 10, Project Syndicate, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s~-~-nye
CAMBRIDGE – The United States is a nation of immigrants. Except for a small
AND
long way toward fulfilling his promise to maintain the strength of the US.
Loss of hegemony causes global instability
Kagan 12, Senior Fellow at Brookings (Robert, 3/14/12 “America has made the world freer, safer and wealthier” CNN,http://us.cnn.com/2012/03/14/opinion/kagan-world-america-made/index.html?hpt=hp_c1)
We take a lot for granted about the way the world looks today -- the
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what the world looked like right before the American order came into being

Tournament: CSU Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul AG | Judge: Stephen Goldberg
Their role of the ballot argument overextends the political by claiming that this debate space represents something more than a competition for a win. Arguing that the ballot carries discursive significance is the same logic as the discourse theory of citizenship which claims every action is political.
Rufo and Atchison, 2011
(Ken Rufo, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Jarrod Atchison, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Review of Communication,  Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2011, pp. 193215)
Laclau (1996) has written about the inherent emptiness at the heart of the
AND
determination about the contours of politics can be left for others to decide. 

They continue…..

Asen’s argument proceeds from an acknowledgment of the participation gap we noted previously, and
AND
.g., choosing a consumer good or debating with neighbors over dinner). 

History demonstrates to us that this over-extension carries with it the seeds of tyranny instead of resistance.
Rufo and Atchison, 2011
(Ken Rufo, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Jarrod Atchison, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Review of Communication,  Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2011, pp. 193215)
A Fascism of/and the Political If our feeling of foreboding seems absurd,
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necessarily a determination of the extent and comportment of the political per se. 

Our alternative is to vote Neg to resist the over-extension of the political. Their consistent call for you to use your ballot to support change is the over-extension of the political that always focuses on increasing political participation. Before you consider using your ballot in the name of change you must confront the fascist nature of holding our entire community hostage to their inspection.
Rufo and Atchison, 2011
(Ken Rufo, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Jarrod Atchison, Ph.D. in Rhetoric from the University of Georgia, Review of Communication,  Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2011, pp. 193215)
The mention of fascism is of particular importance here in this debate. As a
AND
entirely is indeed the very essence of fascism. (p. 144)

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: San Dieguito DZ | Judge: Nathaniel Saxe
Text: The United States Department of Defense should develop and deploy microsatellites tasked with inspection, surveillance, maintenance, protection, and propulsion capabilities to facilitate a Parasitic Attitude Control System.

The Covert Seizure of Space would be deployment of micro-satellites in the form of a Parasitic Attitude Control System to hack and dismantle enemy capabilities without debris or negative perception – that solves because they’re able to control signals from satellites as if nothing occurred
Page 2006 (Joseph, Assistant  flight  commander  and  ICBM  combat  crew  commander  (Squadron  Command  Post)  at the  741st  Missile  Squadron,  91st Space Wing,  Minor AFB,  North Dakota, “Stealing Zeus's Thunder” Air and Space  Power Journal  Summer  2006 pg. 29-31)
The idea of covertly supplanting a satellite's ACS is technologically feasible and may become a
AND
PACS offers many avenues of approach to neutralize enemy  satellites without necessarily obliterating them

Weaponization of space would make the US militarily invincible and a permanent global hegemon able to suppress all conflict or miscalc scenarios
Yoshida, B.C. Director of the Freedom Institute, Author of The Nothern Abyss, Noted Political Commentator, Columnist for the Greenwich Village Gazette, 2003 (Adam, Oct 10th, “Red China Shooting for the Moon”, Freedom Institute Magazine, http://www.adamyoshida.com/2003_10_01_archive.html )
If all goes according to plan on October 15th the People’s Republic of
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They must be stopped. Everything that will follow depends upon it.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep SA | Judge: Josh Miller
Chavez’s death means Pink tide at a cross road
*Chavez was critical to petro diplomacy which funded the pink tide, but maduro doesn’t have the same leverage that he did
Panizza ’13 Dr Francisco Panizza is the Head of the Latin America International Affairs Programme at LSE IDEAS. He is a Reader in the Department of Government at the London School of Economics. “Latin America: Life after Chavez (and Lula)” – April 4th – http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/ideas/2013/04/latin-america-life-after-chavez-and-lula/
The death of Chávez and the succession of Lula by Dilma Rousseff in Brazil leaves
AND
regional change than encapsulated by the narrative of the rise of the left.

The plan kills US resolve and funds the pink tide
*embargo is key to resolve
Removing it will not solve relations and it will give money to legitimize the Cuban regime and allow them to partner with other socialist or anti-american countries
Brookes ‘9  (Peter – Heritage council, Senior Fellow, Brookes is serving his third term as a congressionally appointed member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. He previously served in the administration of President George W. Bush as deputy assistant secretary of defense for Asian and Pacific affairs. In this post, he was responsible for U.S. defense policy for 38 countries and five bilateral defense alliances in Asia, Brookes was a professional staff member with the House International Relations Committee. He also served with the CIA and the State Department at the United Nations. In the private sector, he worked in the defense and intelligence industries.¶ A decorated Navy veteran, Brookes served on active duty in Latin America, Asia and the Middle East in aviation and intelligence billets, Brookes, now a retired Navy commander, served as a reservist with the National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, Naval Intelligence, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Office of the Vice President, Brookes is pursuing a doctorate at Georgetown University. He is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy (B.S.); the Defense Language Institute (Russian); the Naval War College; and the Johns Hopkins University (M.A.). He also has taught at the National Defense University and studied German and Polish, National Security Affairs, “Keep the Embargo, O” – April 16 – http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o)

Of course, the big empanada is the US economic embargo against Cuba, in
AND
communist regime, we should hold firm onto the leverage the embargo provides.

Castro-led pink tide causes US-Russia military confrontations.
*with petro power they will pay Russia to guarantee their security which brings the US and Russia into confrontation
Walser ‘8 (Ray Walser, Senior Policy Analyst for Latin America at the Heritage Foundation – Chávez, Venezuela, and Russia: A New Cuban Missile Crisis? – WebMemo #2064 -- September 15th http://www.heritage.org/Research/LatinAmerica/wm2064.cfm)
Like his iconic mentor, Fidel Castro, Chávez thrives on mounting tensions and confrontation
AND
will take as it shapes its policy toward America's neighbors in the hemisphere. 

Small US-Russia conflicts can escalate or cause nuclear miscalc
*US and Russia tensions are unpredictable which increases the risk of miscalc and the US or Russia would launch on warning causing nuclear war
Gottemoeller ‘8  (Rose Gottemoeller was sworn in as the United States Department of State's Assistant Secretary for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance on April 6, 2009. She was the chief negotiator of the follow on for the Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty otherwise known as the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) with the Russian Federation. Since 2000, she had been with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace – “U.S.-Russia Cooperation on Iran: Aftermath of the Summer War in Georgia,” Carnegie Moscow Center, August- July 2008. PLESE NOTE – THIS CARD APPEARS IN A HOST OF CURRENT OPEN-SOURCE DEBATE DOCS AND THE URL THAT APPEARS ON THOSE CARDS MISDIRECTS TO A DIFFERENT Gottemoeller ARTICLE. The website below redirects to her October article:   http://www.scribd.com/doc/13031239/RussianAmerican-Security-Relations-After-Georgia)
No holds barred, no rules—the United States and Russia may be heading
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us, we could come close to nuclear  catastrophe before we knew it.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 4 | Opponent: Juan Diego LZ | Judge: Joel Lemuel
Chavez’s death means Pink tide at a cross road
*Chavez was critical to petro diplomacy which funded the pink tide, but maduro doesn’t have the same leverage that he did
Panizza ’13 Dr Francisco Panizza is the Head of the Latin America International Affairs Programme at LSE IDEAS. He is a Reader in the Department of Government at the London School of Economics. “Latin America: Life after Chavez (and Lula)” – April 4th – http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/ideas/2013/04/latin-america-life-after-chavez-and-lula/
The death of Chávez and the succession of Lula by Dilma Rousseff in Brazil leaves
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regional change than encapsulated by the narrative of the rise of the left.

The plan kills US resolve and funds the pink tide
*embargo is key to resolve
Removing it will not solve relations and it will give money to legitimize the Cuban regime and allow them to partner with other socialist or anti-american countries
Brookes ‘9  (Peter – Heritage council, Senior Fellow, Brookes is serving his third term as a congressionally appointed member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. He previously served in the administration of President George W. Bush as deputy assistant secretary of defense for Asian and Pacific affairs. In this post, he was responsible for U.S. defense policy for 38 countries and five bilateral defense alliances in Asia, Brookes was a professional staff member with the House International Relations Committee. He also served with the CIA and the State Department at the United Nations. In the private sector, he worked in the defense and intelligence industries.¶ A decorated Navy veteran, Brookes served on active duty in Latin America, Asia and the Middle East in aviation and intelligence billets, Brookes, now a retired Navy commander, served as a reservist with the National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, Naval Intelligence, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Office of the Vice President, Brookes is pursuing a doctorate at Georgetown University. He is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy (B.S.); the Defense Language Institute (Russian); the Naval War College; and the Johns Hopkins University (M.A.). He also has taught at the National Defense University and studied German and Polish, National Security Affairs, “Keep the Embargo, O” – April 16 – http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o)

Of course, the big empanada is the US economic embargo against Cuba, in
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communist regime, we should hold firm onto the leverage the embargo provides.

Castro-led pink tide causes US-Russia military confrontations.
*with petro power they will pay Russia to guarantee their security which brings the US and Russia into confrontation
Walser ‘8 (Ray Walser, Senior Policy Analyst for Latin America at the Heritage Foundation – Chávez, Venezuela, and Russia: A New Cuban Missile Crisis? – WebMemo #2064 -- September 15th http://www.heritage.org/Research/LatinAmerica/wm2064.cfm)
Like his iconic mentor, Fidel Castro, Chávez thrives on mounting tensions and confrontation
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will take as it shapes its policy toward America's neighbors in the hemisphere. 

Small US-Russia conflicts can escalate or cause nuclear miscalc
*US and Russia tensions are unpredictable which increases the risk of miscalc and the US or Russia would launch on warning causing nuclear war
Gottemoeller ‘8  (Rose Gottemoeller was sworn in as the United States Department of State's Assistant Secretary for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance on April 6, 2009. She was the chief negotiator of the follow on for the Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty otherwise known as the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) with the Russian Federation. Since 2000, she had been with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace – “U.S.-Russia Cooperation on Iran: Aftermath of the Summer War in Georgia,” Carnegie Moscow Center, August- July 2008. PLESE NOTE – THIS CARD APPEARS IN A HOST OF CURRENT OPEN-SOURCE DEBATE DOCS AND THE URL THAT APPEARS ON THOSE CARDS MISDIRECTS TO A DIFFERENT Gottemoeller ARTICLE. The website below redirects to her October article:   http://www.scribd.com/doc/13031239/RussianAmerican-Security-Relations-After-Georgia)
No holds barred, no rules—the United States and Russia may be heading
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us, we could come close to nuclear  catastrophe before we knew it.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Appleton KS | Judge: Jsckie Meyer
The United States Congress should pass a non-binding “sense of congress” resolution stating that the United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement toward Cuba by signing a biotechnology science and technology agreement with the republic of Cuba.
Counterplan Solves Signal and Perception Arguments But Avoids Politics
Longley 2010 (Robert, About.com, US Government Info, http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/uscongress/a/senseof.htm)
When members of the House, Senate or entire Congress want to "send a
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them as evidence of shifts in U.S. foreign policy priorities.  
Sense of Congress Resolution Solves Via Better Congressional Signal, Future Expectations and Anticipatory Behavior Changes and Future Binding Policy – Competes and Avoids Politics Because its Non Binding and there is No Presidential Involvement
Posner 2008 (Eric A, Professor of Law, The University of Chicago and  Jacob E. Gersen, Assistant Professor of Law, The University of Chicago. Stanford LR, December)
The academic literatures on these topics have different concerns, yet the themes are similar
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legislative views as one of many factors in the construction of binding policy.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Appleton KS | Judge: Jsckie Meyer
Haas and O'Sullivan 2K. (Same as always.)

Tournament: CSU Long Beach | Round: 6 | Opponent: College Prep OT | Judge: Ideen Saiedian
A. Interpretation - Economic engagement is incentives, loans ,tech , aid, and the removal of penalties
Haass Director of Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, and O'Sullivan, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, 2000 (Richard and Meghan, "Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies," http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf  Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)

Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of¶ incentives. Economic
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just some of the possible incentives used in the form of¶ engagement.

Tournament: CSU Fullerton | Round: 2 | Opponent: Polytechnic WZ | Judge: Teja Vepa
Same Haass and O'Sullivan 2K as before

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Alpine HW | Judge: Ideen Saiedian
A. Interpretation - Economic engagement is incentives, loans ,tech , aid, and the removal of economic penalties
Haass Director of Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, and O'Sullivan, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, 2000 (Richard and Meghan, "Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies," http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf  Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)

Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of¶ incentives. Economic
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just some of the possible incentives used in the form of¶ engagement.

B. Violation  - The aff removes Scientific Sanctions against Cuba

C. Standards -
1) Extra-T – Removing scientific sanctions against Cuba is outside the scope of the resolution. Extra-T is bad because it allows for the aff to generate advantages external to the resolution,  kills neg ground as these advantages o/w core neg ground. Explodes the topic to infinite amount of things we could do with Cuba, gives the neg an impossible research burden and prevents in-depth education

2) Limits – Scientific Sanctions at best only justifies allowing for the exchange of scientific technologies which explodes engagement outside from that which is economic which we could never predict and therefore could never access ground that is responsive and provides educative discussion. Also explodes neg research burden.

D. Voters for Fairness, Education, and Competitive Equity

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 6 | Opponent: Nevada Union CH | Judge: Tom Glinecki
A. Interpretation – Economic engagement is positive incentives towards loans, technical and economic assistance, and the lifting of economic sanctions -  Facilitating the flow of people is cultural engagement
 Haass Director of Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, and O'Sullivan, Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings, 2000 (Richard and Meghan, "Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies," http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf  Accessed 7/7/13 GAL)

Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of¶ incentives. Economic
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just some of the possible incentives used in the form of¶ engagement.

B. Violation – They open the border  which is at best cultural engagement

C. Standards
1) Limits - Justifies dozens of different types of engagement. This explodes the neg research burden and kills in-depth education.
2) Ground - kills neg ground by accessing advantages outside of the resolution that o/w our core neg ground and skews links to core neg positions
3) Predictability - We can't predict every possible form cultural engagement which can be anything that results in a flow of people and every other type of engagement.

4)  Effects-T ? They’re at best effectually result in a type of engagement at that’s bad as it unlimits the topic to anything that can result in an increase of engagement effectually which mixes burdens and explodes the neg research burden which kills the possibility for fair and equitable ground

D. Voters for fairness, education, and competitive equity

Tournament: ASU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Hamilton PC | Judge: Vajay Ramakrishna
Haas and O'Sullivan 2K.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Green Valley YS | Judge: Stephanie Garrett
Haas and O'sullivan 2K

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: Highland BG | Judge: Stephen Weil
Same as usual.

Tournament: USC Winter | Round: 4 | Opponent: Notre Dame AS | Judge: Katrina Kaiser
Same as usual

Tournament: USC Winter | Round: Semis | Opponent: Notre Dame RP | Judge: Nathaniel Haas, Christian Patterson, Cameron Ward
Same as usual

Tournament: La Costa | Round: 3 | Opponent: Torrey Pines NH | Judge: Nate Wong
CP Text : The United States federal government should invest in the increased deployment of UAVs equipped with the Vehicle Dismount and Exploitation Radar (VADER) System and non-lethal warheads along the U.S. - Mexico border

Increasing investment solves for VADER deployment - ensures total border surveillance and coverage
Pilkington , chief reporter for Guardian US , 13
 Ed , 6-25-13 , The Guardian , "US immigration deal envisages use of military surveillance at southern border" , http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/25/us-immigration-amendment-surveillance , Accessed 7-12-13 ,  JC 

US customs and border protection has already laid down plans to boost its surveillance
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militarisation of the border on a scale that we have never seen before."

Border Drones are incredibly popular in Congress for solving spillover violence – bilateral support
Booth 11 (William, Bureau Chief and Chief Correspondent for Israel for the Washington Post, 12-21-11, Washington Post, “More Predator drones fly U.S.-Mexico border” , http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2011-12-21/world/35285176_1_drone-caucus-predator-drone-domestic-drones , Accessed: 10-17-13, JC)
Eight Predators fly for the Customs and Border Protection agency — five, and soon
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Why can’t we have more of them in my district?” Kostelnik said.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Hamilton PC | Judge: Vajay Ramakrishna
Visas and the regulation of mobility are not innocent – they work to transform citizenship into a form of governing, creating a regime of population control that operates through identification and regulation of bodies.  The plan’s visa policy activates a technique of governing that determines legitimate mobility, paving the way for a massive exercise in state power.

Kim Rygiel ’10 assistant prof, pol sci, Wilfrid Laurier University Globalizing Citizenship 5-6

As forms of human mobility grow (e.g., displacement, asylum,
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system. This is the context within which the principle arguments are situated. 

This regime of dividing the population into groups and tracking who is and is not a citizen is a large biopolitical project that relies upon state racism. This regime of racism denies to visa holders the right to be political beings, the right to have rights in the first place. This scheme of division only paves the way for rationalized mass killings and bloody wars.

Kim Rygiel ’10 assistant prof, pol sci, Wilfrid Laurier University Globalizing Citizenship 102-105

For Foucault, however, citizenship is biopolitics in yet another, more precarious,
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, be a first step in making it possible to rationalize mass killing. 

Our alternative: embrace the anonymity of the migrant.
Anonymity is crucial to resisting and reverse the biopolitics of citizenship – it prevents the state from classifying and dividing the population, and it is the foundation of political existence. We must resist the state’s attempt to categorize and know everything about each individual in the world.

Kim Rygiel ’10 assistant prof, pol sci, Wilfrid Laurier University Globalizing Citizenship 134-136

If border controls that employ biometrics, risk-profiling, and data-aggregation
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to understand the potential power of tools that enable governments to identify individuals.

Tournament: ASU | Round: 4 | Opponent: Green Valley YS | Judge: Stephanie Garrett
Same as other entry

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 1 | Opponent: Alpine HW | Judge: Ideen Saiedian
Counter Plan Text: The United States Department of State should create and implement a Web resource page clarifying current scientific travel and cooperation opportunities between Cuba and the United States.
The status quo solves the entirety of the case, but lack of knowledge prevents action. We need to get a stable cultural base via science before removing the embargo
Lempinen American Association for the Advancement of Science 12 – AAAS reporter, AAAS is The AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy is guided by the over-arching goal of using science to build bridges between countries and to promote scientific cooperation as an essential element of foreign policy. Since its establishment in 2008, the Center has been particularly interested in identifying opportunities for science diplomacy to serve as a catalyst between societies where official relationships might be limited and to strengthen civil society interactions through partnerships in science and technology. In 2012, the Center launched a new open-access, quarterly publication, Science and Diplomacy, as a forum for policy discourse at the nexus of scientific cooperation and foreign policy. (Edward, “Oceans, Weather, Health—U.S. Researchers Explore Potential Collaboration with Cuban Colleagues”, May 1, 2012, http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2012/0501cuba.shtml HW)
They are next-door neighbors, sharing all the amenities and challenges of the
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be able to contribute to the sustainability of human societies on planet Earth.”