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1ac - ASU
Tournament: ASU | Round: 2 | Opponent: River Valley | Judge: U.S.-Mexico trade is outpacing current border infrastructure, making the relationship unsustainable – plan bolsters efficiency, relations, and rescues manufacturing Wilson 9/13 Christopher Wilson, Associate, Mexico Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, September 13, 2013, “Ad-Hoc Hearing: Redefining Border Security: Border Communities Demand to be Heard in the Comprehensive Immigration Debate”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border20Trade20Testimony_0.pdf AS In addition to being immense AND could exacerbate this issue. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and disrupts global supply chains Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”,http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf The United States and Mexico AND parts arrive at their destination. The brink is now – manufacturing loss presents a national security risk Clement 9/08 Benjamin Clement, September 08, 2013, Economy in Crisis, “The Exodus of American Production”, http://economyincrisis.org/content/exodus-american-production As American-owned companies produce AND to depend on other countries. First—Manufacturing is key to defense technology that’s the foundation of military primacy O'Hanlon 12 Michael O'Hanlon, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy”,http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon The current wave of defense AND United States in a globalized marketplace. Second—manufacturing is key to competitiveness that underpins growth and power projection Baru 9 Sanjaya Baru, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Institute of South Asian Studies (Singapore), January, 2009 “Year of the power shift?,” Seminar, #593, http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm There is no doubt that economics AND classic ‘guns vs butter’ dilemma. The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College,John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs,http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward Of course, even if it is true AND The results could well be disastrous. We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3,http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK) Since the implementation of NAFTA, AND Mexican and U.S. exports. Aerospace key to airpower decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9 Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast AND U.S. strategy and crisis management. The auto industry is key to military readiness Thoma 9 Mark Thoma, economics professor @ University of Oregon, New York Times, April 30, 2009, “Does the U.S. Need an Auto Industry?”,http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/does-the-us-need-an-auto-industry/?_r=0 Does America need an auto industry? AND I worry that it would. Readiness is key to credible deterrence – absence risks great power wars Spencer 2K Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, September 15, 2000, Heritage Foundation, “The Facts About Military Readiness”,http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness America's national security requirements AND national interest, thereby preserving peace. Deterrence is the most effective strategy – broad studies prove Moore 4 John Norton Moore, Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, page 27-31.
As so broadly conceived, there is AND deterrence, that become crucial. Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013,http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists”http:www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America. The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online athttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf 4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER”http:mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111 The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND acquire fissile material from the rogue states. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state AND itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse* Unlike the more tangible physical AND nation-state as we know it (1957). Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures funding, coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”, Given the fact that POE AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”,http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK) The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013,http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists”http:www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America. The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online athttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf 4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER”http:mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111 The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND acquire fissile material from the rogue states. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state AND itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse* Unlike the more tangible physical AND nation-state as we know it (1957). Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act of 2013. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures funding, coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”, Given the fact that POE AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”,http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK) The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.
1/17/14
1ac - ASU Dubs
Tournament: ASU | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Polytech | Judge: Contention 1: Terrorism AQAP is on the rise – explicit intention of harming the U.S. and intelligence proves threat is coming soon Cilluffo 13 Frank J. Cilluffo, Director of the Homeland Security Policy Institute at GWU, September 18, 2013, “Understanding the Thrreat to the Homeland from AQAP”, Pg. 1-3 AS
Why AQAP Matters• AQAP is the most active AND biological warfare agents, including ricin.5 The border is uniquely susceptible to al-Qaeda – even the Department of Homeland Security concedes terrorists slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists” http://www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists
There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America. This presents a serious nuke terror threat – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER” http://mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf
Terrorism remains a serious AND working together, to enter. Nuke terror outweighs all other impacts – most likely scenario for global conflict Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111
The misperception, miscalculation and AND material from the rogue states. Specifically it causes retaliation – escalates to global war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds AND unable or unwilling to provide. Prefer international consensus – the nuclear terror threat is real Bunn et al 13 Matthew, Valentin Kuznetsov, Martin B. Malin, Yuri Morozov, Simon Saradzhyan, William H. Tobey, Viktor I. Yesin, and Pavel S. Zolotarev. "Steps to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism." Paper, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, October 2, 2013, Matthew Bunn. Professor of the Practice of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School andCo-Principal Investigator of Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Vice Admiral Valentin Kuznetsov (retired Russian Navy). Senior research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senior Military Representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense to NATO from 2002 to 2008. • Martin Malin. Executive Director of the Project on Managing the Atom at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Colonel Yuri Morozov (retired Russian Armed Forces). Professor of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences and senior research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief of department at the Center for Military-Strategic Studies at the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces from 1995 to 2000. • Simon Saradzhyan. Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Moscow-based defense and security expert and writer from 1993 to 2008. • William Tobey. Senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and director of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, deputy administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation at the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration from 2006 to 2009. • Colonel General Viktor Yesin (retired Russian Armed Forces). Leading research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and advisor to commander of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, chief of staff of the Strategic Missile Forces from 1994 to 1996. • Major General Pavel Zolotarev (retired Russian Armed Forces). Deputy director of the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the Information and Analysis Center of the Russian Ministry of Defense from1993 to 1997, section head - deputy chief of staff of the Defense Council of Russia from 1997 to 1998, October 02, 2013, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/23430/steps_to_prevent_nuclear_terrorism.html, JC
“The U.S. – Russia Joint Threat Assessment AND weapons is as strong as ever. Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross Border Trade Enhancement Act of 2013. Contention 2: Solvency U.S.-Mexico trade is outpacing current border infrastructure, making the relationship unsustainable – plan bolsters efficiency rescuing the aerospace sector Wilson 13 Christopher Wilson, Associate, Mexico Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, September 13, 2013, “Ad-Hoc Hearing: Redefining Border Security: Border Communities Demand to be Heard in the Comprehensive Immigration Debate”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border20Trade20Testimony_0.pdf AS
In addition to being immense, AND entry could exacerbate this issue. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills border manufacturing and prevents re-shoring Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf
With its high-profile speakers AND state grew by 50 percent. Aerospace is key to drone production Bronner No Date Michael Bronner editor of Warscapes No Date Everybody Wants a Drone! http://www.warscapes.com/reportage/everybody-wants-drone *We do not affirm the gendered discourse* “It’s fascinating, because you AND inspired the exhibitors in Paris.
This strategy solves best – A) Solves abroad – Drones are key to decapitating AQAP – Criticisms that highlight blowback wrongly link drone strikes to recruitment and overstate the negative consequences – Only increasing the effectiveness of drone strikes can drain AQAP’s legitimacy and create space for alternative engagement strategies Emker 13 By Stacey second year Master’s candidate at the Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations January 14, 2013 Analyzing the US Counterterrorism Strategy in Yemen http://blogs.shu.edu/diplomacy/2013/01/analyzing-the-us-counterterrorism-strategy-in-yemen/
When direct action is taken, AND the group’s legitimacy within Yemen. B) Solves domestically – The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that augments counterterror operations Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online at http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf
4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, AND effectiveness of border security. Contention 3: Our Assumptions Absent successful drone strikes all alternative methods fail Green 13 By Daniel Green Soref fellow at The Washington Institute and a military veteran of Afghanistan and Iraq. January 24, 2013 Al-Qaeda's Soft Power Strategy in Yemen http://www.realclearworld.com/articles/2013/01/24/al-qaedas_soft_power_strategy_in_yemen_100502-full.html
The Shia insurgency can AND Kenya in large numbers. That’s net worse for blowback – massively increases AQAP recruitment pools Emker 13 By Stacey second year Master’s candidate at the Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations January 14, 2013 Analyzing the US Counterterrorism Strategy in Yemen http://blogs.shu.edu/diplomacy/2013/01/analyzing-the-us-counterterrorism-strategy-in-yemen/
On the other hand, AND and target AQAP members. Drones Are a Statistical Outlier in Tech Development – Resistance Movements Will Model Military Tech Developments and Use Them to Dismantle Power Structures Carson 13 Kevin Carson is a senior fellow of the Center for a Stateless Society (c4ss.org) and holds the Center's Karl Hess Chair in Social Theory Feb 4, 2013 Bring on the Drones! http://c4ss.org/content/16916
Most analysis of drone technology AND be enough left of them to bury. The impact is true – successful terror attacks flip the decision making of nationsStates – Makes violent backlash and crackdowns Likely Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse*
Unlike the more tangible physical AND the nation-state as we know it (1957).
1/17/14
1ac - Fullerton
Tournament: Cal State Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Diguito | Judge: Advantage 1: Manufacturing U.S.-Mexico trade is set to expand, but border congestion makes the relationship unsustainable – the plan rescues manufacturing, competitiveness, and relations Wilson and Lee 13 Christopher E. Wilson, and Erik Lee, Site Selection, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm
Commerce between the United States AND billions of dollars each year. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and disrupts global supply chains Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf
The current wave of defense AND United States in a globalized marketplace. The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward
Of course, even if it is true AND The results could well be disastrous.
We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3, http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK)
Since the implementation of NAFTA, AND Mexican and U.S. exports.
Aerospace key to airpower decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9
Does America need an auto industry? AND I worry that it would. Readiness is key to credible deterrence – absence risks great power wars Spencer 2K Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, September 15, 2000, Heritage Foundation, “The Facts About Military Readiness”, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness
America's national security requirements AND national interest, thereby preserving peace.
Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf
Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists” http://www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists
There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America.
The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online at http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf
4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. Scenario One: Nuclear Terror High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER” http://mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf
Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds AND unable or unwilling to provide. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111
U.S. counterterrorism officials have AND al Qaeda has laboratories, just like Hezbollah. Extinction Matheny 07 Jason G. Matheny, Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, “Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction”, Risk Analysis, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2007
A little over three years ago, AND said the Bio-Response Report Card. Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS
A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”,
Managing the U.S.-Mexico border AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK)
The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.
Deterrence solves and is independent of individual knowledge production – IR predictions are possible and empirics prove no root cause to war Moore 4 John Norton Moore, Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, page 27-31.
As so broadly conceived, there is strong AND deterrence, that become crucial.
10/20/13
1ac - Fullerton Octas
Tournament: Cal State Fullerton | Round: Octas | Opponent: Nevada Union | Judge: Advantage 1: Manufacturing U.S.-Mexico trade is set to expand, but border congestion makes the relationship unsustainable – the plan rescues manufacturing, competitiveness, and relations Wilson and Lee 13 Christopher E. Wilson, and Erik Lee, Site Selection, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm
Commerce between the United States AND billions of dollars each year. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and disrupts global supply chains Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf
The current wave of defense AND United States in a globalized marketplace. The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward
Of course, even if it is true AND The results could well be disastrous.
We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3, http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK)
Since the implementation of NAFTA, AND Mexican and U.S. exports.
Aerospace key to airpower decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9
Does America need an auto industry? AND I worry that it would. Readiness is key to credible deterrence – absence risks great power wars Spencer 2K Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, September 15, 2000, Heritage Foundation, “The Facts About Military Readiness”, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness
America's national security requirements AND national interest, thereby preserving peace.
Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf
Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists” http://www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists
There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America.
The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online at http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf
4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. Scenario One: Agroterror Risk of agro-terrorism is high and growing – attack spreads disease, collapses economy, and destroys world agriculture CBP 6 U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, Office of Field Operations Strategic Plan FY 2007–2011, “Securing America's Borders at Ports of Entry” Pg. 16 AS
The dangers agricultural threats AND even the world’s food supply. Lack of agriculture causes war, terror and global instability Lugar 4 Richard, Former U.S. Senator (r) Indiana, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 1/10/4, “Plant Power” http://www.ourplanet.com/imgversn/143/lugar.html, date accessed 7/1/13
In a world confronted by global terrorism, AND average of 25 tonnes per hectare. Escalation likely – monoculture, resources, and security Cahill, Khan, and Smithgall 12 Megan Cahill: Science and Policy Analyst at Drinker Biddle and Reath LLP, Anika Khan: Health Policy Intern at Strategic Health Care, and Marie Smithgall:June 29, 2012, The Triple Helix, “Agroterrorism: An Assault on America’s Breadbasket”, http://triplehelixblog.com/2012/06/agroterrorism-an-assault-on-americaE28099s-breadbasket/ AS
Agriculture is a soft target for terrorism, AND the loss of human life.
U.S. counterterrorism officials have AND al Qaeda has laboratories, just like Hezbollah. Extinction Matheny 07 Jason G. Matheny, Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, “Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction”, Risk Analysis, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2007
A little over three years ago, AND said the Bio-Response Report Card. Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS
A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”,
Managing the U.S.-Mexico border AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK)
The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.
Deterrence solves and is independent of individual knowledge production – IR predictions are possible and empirics prove no root cause to war Moore 4 John Norton Moore, Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, page 27-31.
As so broadly conceived, there is strong AND deterrence, that become crucial.
10/20/13
1ac - Glenbrooks
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Niles North | Judge: Advantage 1: Manufacturing U.S.-Mexico trade is set to expand, but border congestion makes the relationship unsustainable – the plan rescues manufacturing, competitiveness, and relations Wilson and Lee 12 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border Report, and Erik Lee, serves as Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies (NACTS) at Arizona State University (Christopher E. Wilson, Erik Lee, Site Selection, July 2012, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm, Accessed 07-15-2013 | AK Seventy percent of bilateral commerce AND billions of dollars each year. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and disrupts global supply chains Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”,http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf The United States and Mexico AND parts arrive at their destination. The brink is now – manufacturing loss presents a national security risk Clement 9/08 Benjamin Clement, September 08, 2013, Economy in Crisis, “The Exodus of American Production”, http://economyincrisis.org/content/exodus-american-production As American-owned companies produce AND to depend on other countries. First—Manufacturing is key to defense technology that’s the foundation of military primacy O'Hanlon 12 Michael O'Hanlon, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy”,http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon The current wave of defense AND United States in a globalized marketplace. Second—manufacturing is key to competitiveness that underpins growth and power projection Baru 9 Sanjaya Baru, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Institute of South Asian Studies (Singapore), January, 2009 “Year of the power shift?,” Seminar, #593, http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm There is no doubt that economics AND classic ‘guns vs butter’ dilemma. The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College,John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs,http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward Of course, even if it is true AND The results could well be disastrous. We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3,http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK) Since the implementation of NAFTA, AND Mexican and U.S. exports. Aerospace key to airpower decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9 Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast AND U.S. strategy and crisis management. The auto industry is key to military readiness Thoma 9 Mark Thoma, economics professor @ University of Oregon, New York Times, April 30, 2009, “Does the U.S. Need an Auto Industry?”,http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/does-the-us-need-an-auto-industry/?_r=0 Does America need an auto industry? AND I worry that it would. Readiness is key to credible deterrence – absence risks great power wars Spencer 2K Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, September 15, 2000, Heritage Foundation, “The Facts About Military Readiness”,http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness America's national security requirements AND national interest, thereby preserving peace. Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013,http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists”http:www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America. The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online athttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf 4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER”http:mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111 The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND acquire fissile material from the rogue states. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state AND itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse* Unlike the more tangible physical AND nation-state as we know it (1957). Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures funding, coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”, Given the fact that POE AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”,http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK) The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.
11/29/13
1ac - Golden Desert
Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rowland Hall | Judge: Advantage 1: Manufacturing U.S.-Mexico trade is outpacing current border infrastructure, making the relationship unsustainable – plan bolsters efficiency, relations, and rescues manufacturing Wilson 13 Christopher Wilson, Associate, Mexico Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, September 13, 2013, “Ad-Hoc Hearing: Redefining Border Security: Border Communities Demand to be Heard in the Comprehensive Immigration Debate”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border20Trade20Testimony_0.pdf AS
In addition to being immense, U.S. trade with Mexico is unique AND and efficiency needs of the official ports of entry could exacerbate this issue. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and prevents re-shoring Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf
The United States and Mexico have become profoundly integrated, and the two countries are AND potential to shut down production until the needed parts arrive at their destination. The brink is now – manufacturing loss presents a national security risk Clement 13 Benjamin Clement, September 08, 2013, Economy in Crisis, “The Exodus of American Production”, http://economyincrisis.org/content/exodus-american-production
As American-owned companies produce less, they become inefficient, uncompetitive and ultimately go out of business. They are often taken over by foreign-owned corporations holding huge supplies of our wealth generated through their trade surplus with us. Japanese, Chinese, German, Swiss, Dutch, English and other countries’ corporations have purchased much of Wall Street in the last decade. Very few American-owned companies produce audio and electronic products. Many products that America claims to manufacture are in actuality assembled here, their components consisting of more imports. The American electronics industry is now largely foreign-owned. The vast majorly (nearly all) of electronics, parts and products, are made in Asia. The decline of America’s manufacturing industry also poses a national security concern. U.S. defense industries are becoming ever more dependent on foreign manufacturers for key components and materials. Unfortunately, as imports have flooded our markets since the 1980s, U.S. producers one by one exited the country. We call ourselves a superpower. How strong are we when we can’t produce what we need to maintain our strength? We must reverse this trend. We must develop an industrial policy to create incentives for American companies to manufacture in America. We must invigorate strategic industries and prevent their sale to foreign ownership. We should not allow ourselves to depend on other countries. First—manufacturing is key to defense technology that’s the foundation of military primacy O'Hanlon 12 Michael O'Hanlon, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy”, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon
The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in AND civilian and military export opportunities for the United States in a globalized marketplace. Second—manufacturing is key to competitiveness that underpins growth and power projection Baru 9 Sanjaya Baru, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Institute of South Asian Studies (Singapore), January, 2009 “Year of the power shift?,” Seminar, #593, http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm
There is no doubt that economics alone will not determine the balance of global power AND economic growth and military power – the classic ‘guns vs butter’ dilemma. The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward
Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall AND an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.
We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3, http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK)
Since the implementation of NAFTA, Mexico has become a major market for a wide AND solidifying a reciprocal exchange cycle between Mexican and U.S. exports.
Aerospace key to airpower – decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9
Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast to the bipolar Cold War nuclear setting, today’s security AND to war • A nuclear North Korea that escalates tensions on the Korean peninsula What all of these have in common is the indispensable role that airpower would play in U.S. strategy and crisis management. The auto industry is key to military readiness Thoma 9 Mark Thoma, economics professor @ University of Oregon, New York Times, April 30, 2009, “Does the U.S. Need an Auto Industry?”, http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/does-the-us-need-an-auto-industry/?_r=0
Does America need an auto industry? I believe that specialization and trade generally makes AND auto production crosses the safety line, and I worry that it would. Readiness is key to credible deterrence – absence risks great power wars Spencer 2K Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, September 15, 2000, Heritage Foundation, “The Facts About Military Readiness”, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness
America's national security requirements dictate that the armed forces must be prepared to defeat groups AND from acting aggressively in regions of vital national interest, thereby preserving peace. Deterrence is the most effective strategy – broad studies prove Moore 4 John Norton Moore, Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, page 27-31.
As so broadly conceived, there is strong evidence that deterrence, that is, AND totality of external factors, that is, deterrence, that become crucial.
Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf
Meeting the physical infrastructure needs at POEs has not kept pace with advances in documentation AND land POE inspections to be a weak link remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists” http://www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists
There are at least 7,518 reasons to get the U.S./ AND No details exist about aliens from these countries who successfully have infiltrated America. The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online at http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf
4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND some of these dependencies and factors that moderate the effectiveness of border security. High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER” http://mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf
Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional AND terrorist organizations who are lined up, and working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – International studies prove the threat is real Bunn et al 13 Matthew, Valentin Kuznetsov, Martin B. Malin, Yuri Morozov, Simon Saradzhyan, William H. Tobey, Viktor I. Yesin, and Pavel S. Zolotarev. "Steps to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism." Paper, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, October 2, 2013, Matthew Bunn. Professor of the Practice of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School andCo-Principal Investigator of Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Vice Admiral Valentin Kuznetsov (retired Russian Navy). Senior research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senior Military Representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense to NATO from 2002 to 2008. • Martin Malin. Executive Director of the Project on Managing the Atom at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Colonel Yuri Morozov (retired Russian Armed Forces). Professor of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences and senior research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief of department at the Center for Military-Strategic Studies at the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces from 1995 to 2000. • Simon Saradzhyan. Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Moscow-based defense and security expert and writer from 1993 to 2008. • William Tobey. Senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and director of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, deputy administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation at the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration from 2006 to 2009. • Colonel General Viktor Yesin (retired Russian Armed Forces). Leading research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and advisor to commander of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, chief of staff of the Strategic Missile Forces from 1994 to 1996. • Major General Pavel Zolotarev (retired Russian Armed Forces). Deputy director of the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the Information and Analysis Center of the Russian Ministry of Defense from1993 to 1997, section head - deputy chief of staff of the Defense Council of Russia from 1997 to 1998, October 02, 2013, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/23430/steps_to_prevent_nuclear_terrorism.html, JC
“The U.S. – Russia Joint Threat Assessment on Nuclear Terrorism AND the intention to acquire and use nuclear weapons is as strong as ever. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a AND consultation from Washington that the latter found itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes AND p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse*
Unlike the more tangible physical and economic effects of nuclear terrorism, it is almost AND the demise of the nation-state as we know it (1957).
Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act of 2013.
Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS
A component of comprehensive immigration reform that too often is overlooked in Washington is the AND rely on trade with Mexico, including over 460,000 in Texas. Unfortunately, our ports of entry that span the Rio Grande have not kept pace with this swell in commerce. After meeting with stakeholders and local officials in communities all along the border I, along with then-U.S. Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison, asked the Government Accountability Office to conduct a review of our ports of entry. The report was released in July and confirms what local leaders, businesses and residents on the border already know: Our ports of entry have been neglected for too long. Border wait times are under-reported, infrastructure and staff are mismanaged and stretched too thin, and it is becoming harder to ensure safe and efficient trade and travel. Highways are the arteries of commerce, and our ports of entry are the valves that regulate its flow. Currently, they are clogged, and this is needlessly harming the economy while effectively making it easier to smuggle contraband into the country. A Bloomberg government study found that border delays cost the U.S. economy $7.8 billion in 2011. If corrective action is not taken, the annual damage is projected to rise to $14.7 billion by 2020. We must fix this. I authored an amendment to the immigration bill that passed the Senate earlier this summer that aimed to achieve a reduction in wait times by 50 percent at our ports of entry. Unfortunately, it did not muster the 60 votes needed for adoption. But with renewed attention to the issue generated by the GAO report, I remain hopeful that a fix will be an integral part of the immigration debate. Nevertheless, a fix need not be tied to the fate of immigration reform. Cities, counties and private bridge owners want their bridges to stay open longer and accommodate more traffic. Unfortunately, Customs and Border Protection doesn’t have the resources, and Washington lacks the will to offer much help. In response, organizations such as the Border Trade Alliance, Texas Border Coalition and other local stakeholders are exploring an innovative funding option: public-private partnerships. These would combine the resources of CBP with local governments and private companies or associations to improve services and conditions at ports of entry. On the heels of the GAO report, CBP announced that it would initiate five such partnerships – four of which are in Texas – on a limited, provisional basis. This is commendable, but more needs to be done. CBP currently lacks the legal authority to enter into the long-term, robust agreements that are needed. Earlier this year, I authored legislation, the Cross Border Trade Enhancement Act, which would give CBP the authority it needs. If signed into law, we would see such partnerships established in the Valley in short order. Looking forward, I see reason for optimism. CBP is aware of the problem and seems willing to act. Communities along the border are eager to participate, and the GAO report will draw the attention of lawmakers as the immigration debate continues. I hope that the Obama administration will work with local leaders and with me to bring about these much needed upgrades to our ports of entry. Until we do so, however, we cannot harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures funding, coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”,
Given the fact that POE improvements offer significant and tangible monetary benefits to border communities AND vital. To strengthen regional competitiveness and security, we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK)
The U.S. and Mexico will be successful at enhancing a prosperous bilateral AND S., imagine what could be accomplished with a truly 21st century border.
2/14/14
1ac - Golden Desert Round 3
Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rowland Hall | Judge: Contention 1: Terrorism AQAP is on the rise – explicit intention of harming the U.S. and intelligence proves threat is coming soon Cilluffo 13 Frank J. Cilluffo, Director of the Homeland Security Policy Institute at GWU, September 18, 2013, “Understanding the Thrreat to the Homeland from AQAP”, Pg. 1-3 AS
Why AQAP Matters • AQAP is the most active of al Qaeda’s affiliate groups. AQAP has directly targeted the U.S. homeland as well as U.S. interests abroad on multiple occasions. • AQAP (and Yemen) is home to one of the world’s most dangerous and innovative bombmakers who has actively tried and shown himself to be able to circumvent U.S. countermeasures intended to thwart his improvised explosive devices. • AQAP has invested significantly in encouraging radicalization and “lone wolf” homegrown attacks, including “Inspire” magazine. AQAP’s efforts in this regard propagate the ideology that underpins al Qaeda as a movement, and provide the “howto” do it yourself in terrorist tactics, techniques, and procedures. • AQAP is currently led by Nasser al-Wuhayshi, formerly a direct confidant of Osama bin Laden, who was recently named the number two figure within al Qaeda writ large. The number two leadership slot is symbolically important but also operationally so, particularly as the boundaries between al Qaeda components (core and affiliates) fade away and their activities converge. • AQAP has for some time assumed a leadership role within al Qaeda as a whole, and has cooperated with multiple al Qaeda affiliates. AQAP’s leadership position offers a conduit to foster intent in others to attack the U.S. homeland and U.S. interests. AQAP was established in 2009 by the merger of Yemeni al Qaeda with Saudi al AND bomb attempt in which explosives were concealed in printer cartridges; and the spring 2012 concealed explosives plot.1 The first two of these attempted attacks were overseen AND as the mastermind behind the devices used in the 2009 attempted assassination of the Saudi Interior Minister, the 2009 Christmas Day attack, the 2010 cargo printer bomb, and plots that involve surgically implanted explosives. Over and above his own considerable expertise, al-Asiri has been training the next generation of bomb-makers.4 AQAP has also expressed an interest in attacks using biological warfare agents, including ricin.5 The border is uniquely susceptible to al-Qaeda – even the Department of Homeland Security concedes terrorists slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists” http://www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists
There are at least 7,518 reasons to get the U.S./ AND No details exist about aliens from these countries who successfully have infiltrated America. This presents a serious nuke terror threat – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER” http://mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf
Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional AND terrorist organizations who are lined up, and working together, to enter. Nuke terror outweighs all other impacts – most likely scenario for global conflict Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111
The misperception, miscalculation and above all ignorance of the ruling elite about security puzzles AND the possibility that terrorist groups could acquire fissile material from the rogue states. Specifically it causes retaliation – escalates to global war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a AND consultation from Washington that the latter found itself unable or unwilling to provide. Prefer international consensus – the nuclear terror threat is real Bunn et al 13 Matthew, Valentin Kuznetsov, Martin B. Malin, Yuri Morozov, Simon Saradzhyan, William H. Tobey, Viktor I. Yesin, and Pavel S. Zolotarev. "Steps to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism." Paper, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, October 2, 2013, Matthew Bunn. Professor of the Practice of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School andCo-Principal Investigator of Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Vice Admiral Valentin Kuznetsov (retired Russian Navy). Senior research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senior Military Representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense to NATO from 2002 to 2008. • Martin Malin. Executive Director of the Project on Managing the Atom at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. • Colonel Yuri Morozov (retired Russian Armed Forces). Professor of the Russian Academy of Military Sciences and senior research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief of department at the Center for Military-Strategic Studies at the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces from 1995 to 2000. • Simon Saradzhyan. Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Moscow-based defense and security expert and writer from 1993 to 2008. • William Tobey. Senior fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and director of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, deputy administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation at the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration from 2006 to 2009. • Colonel General Viktor Yesin (retired Russian Armed Forces). Leading research fellow at the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and advisor to commander of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, chief of staff of the Strategic Missile Forces from 1994 to 1996. • Major General Pavel Zolotarev (retired Russian Armed Forces). Deputy director of the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the Information and Analysis Center of the Russian Ministry of Defense from1993 to 1997, section head - deputy chief of staff of the Defense Council of Russia from 1997 to 1998, October 02, 2013, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/23430/steps_to_prevent_nuclear_terrorism.html, JC
“The U.S. – Russia Joint Threat Assessment on Nuclear Terrorism AND the intention to acquire and use nuclear weapons is as strong as ever. Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross Border Trade Enhancement Act of 2013. Contention 2: Solvency U.S.-Mexico trade is outpacing current border infrastructure, making the relationship unsustainable – plan bolsters efficiency rescuing the aerospace sector Wilson 13 Christopher Wilson, Associate, Mexico Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, September 13, 2013, “Ad-Hoc Hearing: Redefining Border Security: Border Communities Demand to be Heard in the Comprehensive Immigration Debate”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border20Trade20Testimony_0.pdf AS
In addition to being immense, U.S. trade with Mexico is unique AND and efficiency needs of the official ports of entry could exacerbate this issue. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills border manufacturing and prevents re-shoring Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf
The United States and Mexico have become profoundly integrated, and the two countries are AND potential to shut down production until the needed parts arrive at their destination. Border manufacturing is the linchpin of the U.S. aerospace industry Guidi 11 Ruxandra Guidi, September 28, 2011, Fronteras, ”Border Business: Aerospace As A Binational Industry”, http://www.fronterasdesk.org/news/2011/sep/28/business-mexico-aerospace-industry-maquiladora
“The fact is that a lot of the factories, whether they produce medical devices, aerospace, or electronics; they are built in such a way these days, and they’re managed in such a way, that they can be put anywhere on the planet,” Morris said. “But they’re coming to Mexico.” According to Mexico’s Trade Ministry, more than 50 aerospace and defense companies have started operations in Baja in the last five to 10 years. Most of them are American and manufacture parts for companies like Honeywell, Goodrich and Gulfstream. They produce a wide variety of items, from electronic components, air conditioning systems, and cable harnesses, to steel bolts for commercial and military aircraft. Their advantage is the proximity to the United States and to Western ports that ship to the Asian markets. They have access to a large, high-tech workforce in Tijuana, made up of engineers, technicians and software developers. But the main reason the companies come to Baja is simple: The cost of that highly skilled labor is low — about one-third of what it is in the U.S. Currently, the Baja aerospace industry employs more than 10,000 machine operators and technicians. And that number has been growing steadily since 2007, when Mexico dropped import duties on aeronautics components. According to Mexico’s Trade Ministry, between 2007 and 2008, the amount of aerospace companies with operations in the Mexican border state grew by 50 percent. Aerospace is key to drone production Bronner No Date Michael Bronner editor of Warscapes No Date Everybody Wants a Drone! http://www.warscapes.com/reportage/everybody-wants-drone *We do not affirm the gendered discourse*
¶ “It’s fascinating, because you can see the market trying to cover all AND operations in Pakistan and Yemen that have most inspired the exhibitors in Paris.
This strategy solves best – A) Solves abroad – Drones are key to decapitating AQAP – Criticisms that highlight blowback wrongly link drone strikes to recruitment and overstate the negative consequences – Only increasing the effectiveness of drone strikes can drain AQAP’s legitimacy and create space for alternative engagement strategies Emker 13 By Stacey second year Master’s candidate at the Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations January 14, 2013 Analyzing the US Counterterrorism Strategy in Yemen http://blogs.shu.edu/diplomacy/2013/01/analyzing-the-us-counterterrorism-strategy-in-yemen/
When direct action is taken, drone strikes are conducted in concert with the Yemeni AND such as targeting Yemeni civilians, and undermine the group’s legitimacy within Yemen. B) Solves domestically – The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that augments counterterror operations Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online at http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf
4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND some of these dependencies and factors that moderate the effectiveness of border security.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (often known as drones) have recently been the subject AND a way that forecloses options can be difficult since more is at stake. At least in the case of Yemen, drones appear to have been stunningly AND key examples support Hadi’s view of drones as a war-winning system. The 2011 death of AQAP planner Anwar al-Awlaki in an apparent drone AND rather than diminish the ranks of AQAP. This disaster was worth avoiding. Drones may also have saved the United States from a serious foreign policy crisis AND there. Hadi needed every tool he could obtain to help him win. Drones were widely reported in the U.S. and international press as AND one of the first authoritative statements on the combat role of these systems. In considering these examples, it seems clear that drones are helping to prevent AND be kept open to avoid the need for much more frightening choices later. Drones are a statistical outlier in tech development – Resistance movements will model military tech developments and use them to dismantle power structures Carson 13 Kevin Carson is a senior fellow of the Center for a Stateless Society (c4ss.org) and holds the Center's Karl Hess Chair in Social Theory Feb 4, 2013 Bring on the Drones! http://c4ss.org/content/16916
But that’s far too pessimistic an assessment, in my opinion. The apparent spectacular AND of the 21st, there won’t be enough left of them to bury. To understand terrorists and not regard their actions of the worst of crimes, it means forgiving – The impact is the end of civilization Elshtain 3 Jean Betake Elshtain, Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of Social and Political Ethics, University of Chicago Divinity School, 2003 (Just War Against Terrorism)
We must never lose the capacity for judgment, especially the capacity to judge ourselves AND lies a pile of garbage: Hitler wasn't evil, just insane.5 The War on Terrorism is not constructed, nor can it be deterred. Our criticisms of the government won't deter those who are ready to strike us. This is analogous to how the reactions to post-WWI did not inevitably produce Nazism, it was a group of people taking over state power independently. Elshtain 3 Jean Betlike Elshtain, Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of Social and Political Ethics, University of Chicago Divinity School, 2003 (Just War Against Terrorism)
Certain critical events in the past remind us of this mordant fact- Looking back AND , but Islamist fundamentalism and the threat it poses would not be deterred. An effective and accountable approach to terrorism prevents the death of politics and the annihilation of the value to life Ignatieff 4 Michael Ignatieff, Carr professor of human rights at Harvard, 2004 Lesser Evils p. 152-5
It is a commonplace of presidential and prime ministerial rhetoric to insist that their democracies AND they are there for, trust in them, and make them work. This education is uniquely important because post 9-11 responses to terror makes some government violence inevitable – the only way to ensure that violence doesn’t escalate out of control is by rejecting the impulse of utopianism and learning to debate about the consequences of political adoption Ignatieff 4 Michael Ignatieff, Carr professor of human rights at Harvard, 2004 Lesser Evils p. 18-19
To insist that justified exercises of coercion can be defined as a lesser evil is AND to our fellow citizens and submit to their judgment as to their correctness.
2/14/14
1ac - La Costa
Tournament: La Costa | Round: 2 | Opponent: Polytech | Judge: U.S.-Mexico trade is outpacing current border infrastructure, making the relationship unsustainable – plan bolsters efficiency, relations, and rescues manufacturing Wilson 9/13 Christopher Wilson, Associate, Mexico Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, September 13, 2013, “Ad-Hoc Hearing: Redefining Border Security: Border Communities Demand to be Heard in the Comprehensive Immigration Debate”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border20Trade20Testimony_0.pdf AS In addition to being immense AND could exacerbate this issue. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and disrupts global supply chains Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”,http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf The United States and Mexico AND parts arrive at their destination. The brink is now – manufacturing loss presents a national security risk Clement 9/08 Benjamin Clement, September 08, 2013, Economy in Crisis, “The Exodus of American Production”, http://economyincrisis.org/content/exodus-american-production As American-owned companies produce AND to depend on other countries. First—Manufacturing is key to defense technology that’s the foundation of military primacy O'Hanlon 12 Michael O'Hanlon, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy”,http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon The current wave of defense AND United States in a globalized marketplace. Second—manufacturing is key to competitiveness that underpins growth and power projection Baru 9 Sanjaya Baru, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Institute of South Asian Studies (Singapore), January, 2009 “Year of the power shift?,” Seminar, #593, http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm There is no doubt that economics AND classic ‘guns vs butter’ dilemma. The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College,John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs,http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward Of course, even if it is true AND The results could well be disastrous. We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3,http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK) Since the implementation of NAFTA, AND Mexican and U.S. exports. Aerospace key to airpower decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9 Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast AND U.S. strategy and crisis management. The auto industry is key to military readiness Thoma 9 Mark Thoma, economics professor @ University of Oregon, New York Times, April 30, 2009, “Does the U.S. Need an Auto Industry?”,http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/does-the-us-need-an-auto-industry/?_r=0 Does America need an auto industry? AND I worry that it would. Readiness is key to credible deterrence – absence risks great power wars Spencer 2K Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, September 15, 2000, Heritage Foundation, “The Facts About Military Readiness”,http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness America's national security requirements AND national interest, thereby preserving peace. Deterrence is the most effective strategy – broad studies prove Moore 4 John Norton Moore, Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, page 27-31.
As so broadly conceived, there is AND deterrence, that become crucial. Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013,http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists”http:www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America. The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online athttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf 4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER”http:mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111 The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND acquire fissile material from the rogue states. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state AND itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse* Unlike the more tangible physical AND nation-state as we know it (1957). Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures funding, coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”, Given the fact that POE AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”,http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK) The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013,http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists”http:www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America. The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online athttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf 4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER”http:mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111 The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND acquire fissile material from the rogue states. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state AND itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse* Unlike the more tangible physical AND nation-state as we know it (1957). Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act of 2013. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures funding, coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”, Given the fact that POE AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”,http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK) The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.
1/8/14
1ac - Lexington
Tournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: McDonogh | Judge: U.S.-Mexico trade is outpacing current border infrastructure, making the relationship unsustainable – plan bolsters efficiency, relations, and rescues manufacturing Wilson 9/13 Christopher Wilson, Associate, Mexico Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, September 13, 2013, “Ad-Hoc Hearing: Redefining Border Security: Border Communities Demand to be Heard in the Comprehensive Immigration Debate”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border20Trade20Testimony_0.pdf AS In addition to being immense AND could exacerbate this issue. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and disrupts global supply chains Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”,http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf The United States and Mexico AND parts arrive at their destination. The brink is now – manufacturing loss presents a national security risk Clement 9/08 Benjamin Clement, September 08, 2013, Economy in Crisis, “The Exodus of American Production”, http://economyincrisis.org/content/exodus-american-production As American-owned companies produce AND to depend on other countries. First—Manufacturing is key to defense technology that’s the foundation of military primacy O'Hanlon 12 Michael O'Hanlon, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy”,http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/2620defense20industrial20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon The current wave of defense AND United States in a globalized marketplace. Second—manufacturing is key to competitiveness that underpins growth and power projection Baru 9 Sanjaya Baru, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Institute of South Asian Studies (Singapore), January, 2009 “Year of the power shift?,” Seminar, #593, http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm There is no doubt that economics AND classic ‘guns vs butter’ dilemma. The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College,John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs,http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward Of course, even if it is true AND The results could well be disastrous. We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3,http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK) Since the implementation of NAFTA, AND Mexican and U.S. exports. Aerospace key to airpower decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9 Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast AND U.S. strategy and crisis management. The auto industry is key to military readiness Thoma 9 Mark Thoma, economics professor @ University of Oregon, New York Times, April 30, 2009, “Does the U.S. Need an Auto Industry?”,http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/does-the-us-need-an-auto-industry/?_r=0 Does America need an auto industry? AND I worry that it would. Readiness is key to credible deterrence – absence risks great power wars Spencer 2K Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, September 15, 2000, Heritage Foundation, “The Facts About Military Readiness”,http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness America's national security requirements AND national interest, thereby preserving peace. Deterrence is the most effective strategy – broad studies prove Moore 4 John Norton Moore, Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, page 27-31. As so broadly conceived, there is AND deterrence, that become crucial. Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013,http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists”http:www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America. The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online athttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf 4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER”http:mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111 The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND acquire fissile material from the rogue states. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state AND itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse* Unlike the more tangible physical AND nation-state as we know it (1957). Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures funding, coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”, Given the fact that POE AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”,http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK) The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013,http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists”http:www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America. The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online athttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf 4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security. High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER”http:mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111 The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND acquire fissile material from the rogue states. Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state AND itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse* Unlike the more tangible physical AND nation-state as we know it (1957). Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act of 2013. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures funding, coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”, Given the fact that POE AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”,http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK) The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.
1/22/14
1ac - Long Beach
Tournament: Long Beach | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley | Judge: Advantage 1: Manufacturing U.S.-Mexico trade is set to expand, but border congestion makes the relationship unsustainable – the plan rescues manufacturing, competitiveness, and relations Wilson and Lee 13 Christopher E. Wilson, and Erik Lee, Site Selection, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm
Commerce between the United States AND billions of dollars each year.
Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and disrupts global supply chains Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf
The United States and Mexico AND parts arrive at their destination.
The current wave of defense AND United States in a globalized marketplace.
The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward
Of course, even if it is true AND The results could well be disastrous.
We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3, http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK)
Since the implementation of NAFTA, AND Mexican and U.S. exports.
Aerospace key to airpower decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9
Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast AND U.S. strategy and crisis management.
America's national security requirements AND national interest, thereby preserving peace.
Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf
Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge.
This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists” http://www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists
There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America.
The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online at http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf
4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security.
Scenario One: Nuclear Terror High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER” http://mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf
Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter.
Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds AND unable or unwilling to provide.
Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111
The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND from the rogue states.
U.S. counterterrorism officials have AND al Qaeda has laboratories, just like Hezbollah.
Extinction Matheny 07 Jason G. Matheny, Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, “Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction”, Risk Analysis, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2007
Of current extinction risks AND respond to pandemics (Lam, Franco, and Shuler, 2006).
A little over three years ago, AND said the Bio-Response Report Card.
Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act.
Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS
A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential.
Fed key – ensures coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”,
Managing the U.S.-Mexico border AND we need regional coordination.
A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK)
The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.
9/29/13
1ac - Meadows
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: SVDP | Judge: Advantage 1: Manufacturing U.S.-Mexico trade is set to expand, but border congestion makes the relationship unsustainable – the plan rescues manufacturing, competitiveness, and relations Wilson and Lee 13 Christopher E. Wilson, and Erik Lee, Site Selection, “Whole Nations Waiting”, http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2012/jul/us-mex-border.cfm
Commerce between the United States AND billions of dollars each year. Absent the plan delays threaten production shut-downs – kills manufacturing sector and disrupts global supply chains Wilson 13 Christopher E. Wilson, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs. He is the author of Working Together: Economic Ties between the United States and Mexico (Wilson Center, 2011), and an editor and author of the Institute’s forthcoming State of the Border ReportWilson Center — Mexico Institute, January 2013, “New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf
The United States and Mexico AND parts arrive at their destination.
The current wave of defense AND United States in a globalized marketplace.
Second—manufacturing is key to competitiveness that underpins growth and power projection Baru 9 Sanjaya Baru, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Institute of South Asian Studies (Singapore), January, 2009 “Year of the power shift?,” Seminar, #593, http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm
There is no doubt that economics AND classic ‘guns vs butter’ dilemma.
The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth 13 *Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, William C. Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (“Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward
Of course, even if it is true AND The results could well be disastrous.
We’ll isolate two scenarios – U.S.-Mexican trade sustains integrated joint-production — that’s key to U.S. aerospace and auto industry NAFTA Works 13 (NAFTA Works, a monthly newsletter on NAFTA and related issues March 2013, “US - Mexico Trade Reached New Highs”, Volume 18, Issue 3, http://www.naftamexico.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/mar13.pdf, Accessed 07-30-2013 | AK)
Since the implementation of NAFTA, AND Mexican and U.S. exports.
Aerospace key to airpower decline risks global instability and conflict Pfaltzgraff 10 Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9
Does America need an auto industry? AND I worry that it would. Readiness is key to credible deterrence – absence risks great power wars Spencer 2K Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security, September 15, 2000, Heritage Foundation, “The Facts About Military Readiness”, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness
America's national security requirements AND national interest, thereby preserving peace.
Advantage 2: Border Security Land POEs can’t keep pace with screening – wait times lead to “flushing traffic” undermining border enforcement Meissner et al. 13 Doris Meissner, Senior Fellow and Director, MPI US Immigration Policy Program Muzaffar Chishti, Director, MPI Office at NYU School of Law Donald M. Kerwin, Executive Director, Center for Migration Studies Claire Bergeron Research Assistant with the US Immigration Policy Program at MPI, “Immigration Enforcement in the United States: The Rise of a Formidable Machinery,” Migration Policy Institute, 2013, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/enforcementpillars.pdf
Meeting the physical infrastructure AND remains a critical enforcement challenge. This makes the border a “welcome mat” for terrorists – even the DHS concedes they slip through Murdock 13 Deroy Murdock, Columnist @ Scripps Howard News Service, Media Fellow @ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace @ Stanford University, April 25, 2013, National Review, “The Southern Border: Our Welcome Mat for Terrorists” http://www.nationalreview.com/article/346591/southern-border-our-welcome-mat-terrorists
There are at least 7,518 reasons AND successfully have infiltrated America.
The plan facilitates the perception of a strong border and bolsters intelligence networks – that deters terrorists Willis et al. 10 — Henry H. Willis, the Director of the RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, and professor at the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, M.A. in environmental engineering and science at University of Cincinnati, B.A. in chemistry and environmental sciences at University of Pennsylvania; Joel B. Predd, engineer at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Princeton University, B.S. in electrical engineering at Purdue University; Paul K. Davis, senior principal researcher at the RAND Corporation and a professor of policy analysis in the Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. in chemical physics at MIT, B.S. at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Wayne P. Brown, 2010 (“Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports-of-Entry”, Sponsored by the DHS, Technical Report, RAND Homeland Security and Defense Center, Available Online at http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2010/RAND_TR837.pdf
4.2.2 Contributions of Border Interdiction, Deterrence, and Networked Intelligence AND effectiveness of border security.
High risk of nuclear terrorism – they can smuggle materials piece by piece McCaul 12 Michael T. McCaul, November 2012, Sr., U.S. Representative for Texas's 10th congressional district, serving since 2005. “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER” http://mccaul.house.gov/uploads/Final20PDF20Line20in20the20Sand.pdf
Terrorism remains a serious threat AND working together, to enter. Yes nuke terror – studies prove Jaspal 12 Zafar Nawaz, Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, “Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism: Myth or Reality?”, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 19, Issue - 1, 2012, 91:111
The misperception, miscalculation and above all AND acquire fissile material from the rogue states.
Nuclear attack results in retaliation – escalates to nuclear war Ayson 10 Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state AND itself unable or unwilling to provide. Escalation likely – terror attacks flip decision-making causing violent backlash Bostrom, Ackerman, and Potter 8 (Nick-Director of the future of humanity institute at oxford university, specializes in probability theory, scientific method, and risk analysis- former expert consultant for european commission in Brussels and the CIA, Gary- research director of the national consortium for START and Director of the center for terrorism and intelligence studies, and William- Institute professor and director of the center for nonproliferation studies on numerous committees of the national academy of science, “Global Catastrophic Risks”, Oxford University Press, p.430-31) *We don’t affirm the ableist discourse*
Unlike the more tangible physical AND nation-state as we know it (1957).
Thus the plan: The United States federal government ought to implement the Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act. Solvency The Cross-Border Trade Enhancement Act is key – facilitates public-private partnerships, bolsters staffing, and integrates security – Squo measures are not enough Cornyn 9-26-13 John Cornyn, U.S. Senator (R-TX) since 2002, September 26, 2013, Statesman.com, ”Long wait times at border hurt economy”, http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/long-wait-times-at-border-hurt-economy/nZ725/ AS
A component of comprehensive immigration AND harness our full economic potential. Fed key – ensures coordination, resources, and cross-border dialogue Lee et al. 13 Erik Lee, Christopher E. Wilson, Francisco Lara-Valencia, Carlos A. de la Parra, Rick Van Schoik, Kristofer Patron-Soberano, Eric L. Olson, Andrew Selee, May 2013, Wilson Center, “The State of The Border Report A Comprehensive Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Border”,
Managing the U.S.-Mexico border AND we need regional coordination. A certain and coordinated investment is necessary — that solves growth, trade, and manufacturing Figueroa et al. 12 — Alejandro Figueroa, Research and Policy Analyst at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Erik Lee, Associate Director at the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University, and Rick Van Schoik, Director of the North American Center for Transborder Studies at Arizona State University (Alejandro Figueroa, Erik Lee, Rick Van Schoik, North American Center for Transborder Studies — Arizona State University, 01-04-12, “Realizing the Full Value of Crossborder Trade with Mexico”, http://21stcenturyborder.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/realizing-the-value-of-crossborder-trade-with-mexico2.pdf, Accessed 07-16-2013 | AK)
The U.S. and Mexico will be successful AND a truly 21st century border.
Deterrence solves and is independent of individual knowledge production – IR predictions are possible and empirics prove no root cause to war Moore 4 John Norton Moore, Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, page 27-31.
As so broadly conceived, there is strong AND deterrence, that become crucial.
10/28/13
1ac - Notre Dame
Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 2 | Opponent: SVDP | Judge: SAME 1AC AS MEADOWS
11/4/13
2ac - China Add-on
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Niles North | Judge: US reliance on Chinese technology for military purposes undermines its capability and allows for Chinese espionage Snyder 5/29/13 – (Michael, “Why The Next War With China Could Go Very Badly For The United States”, http://www.infowars.com/why-the-next-war-with-china-could-go-very-badly-for-the-united-states/)//javi Another way that China is gaining AND software and relevant hardware. Chinese espionage is the biggest internal link to Chinese military modernization U.S.-China ESRC 7 – U.S.-China Economic and Security Review CommissionReport to Congress-The Commission was made up of members of the 110th Congress, 1st Session, November, http://www.uscc.gov/annual_report/2007/report_to_congress.pdf The pace and success of China’s AND and acquisition of new capabilities. Chinese military modernization causes nuclear war Twomey 9, co-directs the Center for Contemporary Conflict and is an assistant professor in the Department of National Security Affairs, both @ the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA, 9 Christopher, Arms Control Association, “Chinese-U.S. Strategic Affairs: Dangerous Dynamism, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_01-02/china_us_dangerous_dynamism#Twomey China and the United States AND stability in an intense crisis.
11/29/13
2ac - Cyber-security Add-on
Tournament: Cal State Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Diguito | Judge: US-Mexico relations are key to solve cyber-security threats – engagement is key Downie 11 Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, National Defense University, (Dr. Richard, deputy director and fellow with the CSIS Africa Program, master’s degree in international public policy from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, “Critical Strategic Decisions in Mexico: the Future of US/Mexican Defense Relations,” July 2011, http://www.ndu.edu/chds/docuploaded/Dr_Downie_OCP_2011.pdf, ara)
2). Impact on US/Mexico Defense Relationship. AND arising from our past history.
Cyber-attack causes nuclear war Clarke and Andreasen 13 Richard A. Clarke, chairman of Good Harbor Security Risk Management, was special adviser to the president for cybersecurity in the George W. Bush administration. and Steven Andreasen, consultant to the Nuclear Threat Initiative, National Security Council’s staff director for defense policy and arms control from 1993 to 2001, June 16, 2013, Washington Post, “The perils of linking cyberwar to nuclear war”, accessed 8-22-13, lexis AS
President Obama is expected to AND strike those targets in minutes.
10/20/13
2ac - LA Stability Add-on
Tournament: Cal State Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Diguito | Judge: Relations key to Central American stability Selee and Wilson 12 Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute, “A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf
As Mexico’s security crisis begins AND region’s political and social landscape.
Checks global war Rochlin 94 (James,Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University College. “Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America,” p. 130-131)
While there were economic motivations AND as will be discussed in the next chapter.
Allowing an automaker to go under AND future to reduce oil dependence," he said.
Oil dependency leads to great power wars Klare 8 Michael T., 2008, professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, “The end of the world as you know it,” http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/174919
A growing risk of conflict: AND climate-friendly energy alternatives.
