Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: Reservoir SS | Judge: Wash, Ryan
1AC-CTS Version

Contention One-Politics
Our argument is that the designation “state sponsor of terrorism” is heavily politicized and selectively biased- it serves to ideologically distract from direct state terrorism perpetrated by the United States and its allies.  We have several internal links:
1st, the United States labels Cuba as a state sponsor while ignoring its own culpability in numerous attacks against Cuba. Unrelated matters are used to refuse engagement and justify Cuba’s continued inclusion on the list.
Bolender 13 (Keith Bolender is a Guest Scholar at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs, a freelance journalist, and the author of “Cuba Under Siege: American Policy, the Revolution and its People”. April 22, 2013, “THE TERRORIST LIST, AND TERRORISM AS PRACTICED AGAINST CUBA,” Council on Hemispheric Affairs, http://www.coha.org/22355/#sthash.u6Y6mHLD.dpuf)
On an emotional level, Havana has long drawn attention to the double standard that
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relations. It is time for Cuba to be taken off the list. 

2nd, The designation of Cuba as a state sponsor of terrorism reveals the list to be both over and under inclusive – only ideological enemies of the US are labeled “terrorist sanctuaries.” This obscures and distracts from direct state terrorism sponsored by the US.
Jackson 6 (Richard Jackson is Reader in the Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, and a Senior Researcher at the Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Contemporary Political Violence (CSRV). He is the founding editor of the journal, Critical Studies on Terrorism, December 2006, Denial of Sanctuary: Understanding Terrorist Safe Havens (Praeger Security International), “The State and Terrorist Sanctuaries: A Critical Analysis,” http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/1948/BISA-Paper-2006-Jackson-Final.pdf?sequence=1)
Political Bias A related problem for the “terrorist sanctuaries? discourse is that it
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academic analysis therefore, it may serve a number of distinctly ideological purposes.
This western obsession with non-state terror paints a one sided portrait of “terrorism,” and functions as an arm of state security, reaffirming state power and supremacy in force relations with its subjects. The real horror of the 20th century is unending state violence which the narrative structure of the War on Terror works diligently to conceal and legitimize.
Jackson 7 (Richard Jackson is Reader in the Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, and a Senior Researcher at the Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Contemporary Political Violence (CSRV). He is the founding editor of the journal, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 2007, “Terrorism Studies and the Politics of State Power,” Paper prepared for International Studies Association’s 47th annual convention, http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/1951/ISA-2007-Paper-CTS-Jackson2.pdf?sequence=1)
An analysis of the terrorism studies field reveals a number of methodological, theoretical and
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contested, and why they continue to hold such sway over the field.
Contention Two-Ethics

The direct violence against the Cuban people is a form of economic terrorism, but is concealed by both the status quo definitions of terrorism and an ethically bankrupt form of consequentialism that excuses this violence in the name of national security.
Kauzlarich et al. 2 (DAVID KAUZLARICH is a Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice Studies at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville RICK A. MATTHEWS is a criminologist at Ohio University, and WILLIAM J. MILLER is a Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice at Carthage College. 2002, “TOWARD A VICTIMOLOGY OF STATE CRIME,” http://jthomasniu.org/class/781/Assigs/kauzvictimology.pdf)
Propositions about the victimology of state crime can be developed from this review to help
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conditions that account for the persistence of institutional harms caused by its agencies.

Empathic Solidarity is the best way to break with the hypocritical and unethical consequentialism of the status quo. We must open ourselves to the standpoint of the other in order to break free of the annihilating terrorist state of the concentration camp.
Mendieta 7 (Eduardo Mendieta is a Columbian philosopher and chair of the Philosophy Dept. at Stony Brook University, 2007, Global fragments: globalizations, Latinamericanisms, and critical Theory)
In Dussel’s works from the seventies, then, Western thought is seen as the
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This dual view¶ of politics will remain a constant in Dussel’s thought.
And our pragmatic defense of the plan provides an emancipatory philosophical movement dedicated to breaking down the barriers of class, race and national territory by seeking to transform ourselves and our democratic institutions.
Stehn 11 (Alexander Stehn is a Prof of Latin American Philosophy @ University of Texas-Pan American, 2011, “Toward an Inter-American Philosophy: Pragmatism and the Philosophy of Liberation,” in Inter-American Journal of Philosophy, December 2011, Vol. 2, No. 2: 14-36)
Then and now, U.S.-American pragmatism is an emancipatory philosophical¶
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will no doubt require many more inter-American¶ confrontations and conversations.

Plan
Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should remove Cuba from the State Department list of state sponsors of terrorism.
Contention Three-Epistemology
Silence on state terror reifies these state-centric problem-solving paradigms and functions to maintain the legitimacy of state violence.  This definitional control over legitimate forms of violence is the condition of possibility for state terrorism to occur.
Jackson 9 (Richard Jackson is Reader in the Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, and a Senior Researcher at the Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Contemporary Political Violence (CSRV). He is the founding editor of the journal, Critical Studies on Terrorism, Critical Studies on Terrorism, Volume 1 Issue 3, “The ghosts of state terror: knowledge, politics and terrorism studies”, p 385-356)
In contrast to first-order critique, second-order critique involves the adoption
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number of distinctly political purposes and has several important ideological consequences for society.

And terrorism is a social construction, not a brute fact- it doesn’t exist outside of the definitions we ascribe to it.  Our aff is an intervention into the status quo and the discursive practices that have defined terrorism in a politicized and state-centric way.
Jackson 8 (Richard Jackson is Reader in the Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, and a Senior Researcher at the Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Contemporary Political Violence (CSRV). He is the founding editor of the journal 2008, “An Argument for Terrorism,” Perspectives on Terrorism, Volume 2: Number 2)
Much more significantly however, terrorism is not a causally coherent, free-standing
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set of fairly clear identifying criteria which can be employed for research purposes.
Finally, their process counterplan can’t capture the performative critique of the 1AC.  Our criticism is a pre-requisite to preventing policy failure– focusing solely on policy solutions leads to blowback and turns their offense
Bilgin 4 (Pinar Bilgin is a Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, 2004, Regional Security in the Middle East p. 203-207)
Chapter 6 began by presenting a critical security perspective on thinking about the future.
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and#39;desiredand#39; futu#e but is also cognisant of and#39;threats to the future.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Shackelford, Gaston, Gonzalez
Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should exempt Cuba from section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act, section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, and section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act by removing Cuba from the United States State Department’s list of state sponsors of terrorism.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Whitney Young DS | Judge: DML
Contention 1 is the Invention of the Americas
In school we learned the official history of the discovery of the Americas. In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue, and “discovered The New World.” Northern Europeans understood this “new world” as their God given birthright to explore, discover and develop as they saw fit. The indigenous populations they encountered were “wild and uncivilized Indians” who needed to convert to Christianity or be destroyed for their own good. Thus, began the modern colonial project. It was in this creation of the Americas that the colonial matrix of power was established. The establishment of this colonial matrix made control, domination, and exploitation the paradigm of the modernity/coloniality project.
Mignolo 5 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician, 2005, The Idea of Latin America, p. 2-7)
Before 1492, the Americas were not on anybody’s map, not even on the
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now) – the same logic was maintained; only power changed hands.
And the paradigm of modernity/coloniality continues into the present politics of The United States as demonstrated by its economic engagement in Latin America. Protectionism and free trade are two sides of the same colonial epistomology.
Grosfoguel 2K (Ramon Grosfoguel, Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Department at UC Berkeley, 2000, “Developmentalism, Modernity, and Dependency Theory in Latin America” Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 1, Issue 2, pg 359-361)
The modern idea that treated each individual as a free centered subject with rational control
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movement ended once the wool producers shifted to cattle raising and meat exports.
Such coloniality creates a death ethics of war and underwrites a hellish existence where death, murder, war, and racism are ordinary.
Maldonado-Torres 8 (Nelson Maldonado-Torres, associate professor of comparative literature at Rutgers, 2008, Against War: Views from the Underside of Modernity, p. 217-21)
Dussel, Quijano, and Wynter lead us to the understanding that what happened in
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such a world, ontology collapses into a Manicheanism, as Fanon suggested."
Contention 2 is Double Translation
They say that we do not know anything
  That we are backwardness
  That our head needs changing
  for a better one
  They say that some learned men
   are saying this about us
  These academics who reproduce
   Themselves
  In our own lives
  What is there on the banks of
   these rivers, Doctor?
  Take out your binoculars
  And your spectacles
  Look if you can.
  Five hundred flowers
  From five hundred different types
   of potato
  Grow on the terraces
  Above abysses
  That your eyes don’t reach
  Those five hundred flowers
  Are my brain
  My flesh
Our re-telling of the history of the America’s and the coloniality/modernity project operates as an epistemic intervention into this debate. Our Affirmation is a refusal of the logic of coloniality by utilizing a method of double translation which not only describes alterity in debate terms, but also infects debate with indigenous knowledge.
Mignolo 11 (Walter D. Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011, The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
Let us follow Subcomandante Marcos's narrative of his encounter with Old¶ Man Antonio,
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without parenthesis. Let's explore¶ these two points a little bit further.
Our reading of Arguedas’s poem is a performance of double translation – his status as a Quechua/Spanish hybrid places him in a subject position uniquely equipped to alternate between Western and subaltern epistemologies
Varese 2007 (Stefano, Professor and Chair of Native American Studies at the University of California, Davis, “Indigenous Intellectuals and Decolonizing Anthropologies:  The Difficult Dialogue on Dissent,” Indigenous Movements and Intellectuals in the Americas. ¶ A Symposium¶ Tufts University, April 20th 2007.)
The Peruvian poet, writer and anthropologist José María Arguedas wrote the above poem “
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“What is there on the banks of these rivers, Doctor?”
We are rear-guard theorists attempting to give philosophical articulation to ideas embedded in the praxis of the activist oppressed. Rather than usurping the voice of the oppressed or attempting to shed our own skin we seek constructive dialogue in solidarity with those challenging neoliberalization and colonialism. This process allows us to subsume the egocentrism and eurocentrism of modernity via the viewpoint of alterity.
Alcoff, Professor of Philosophy at Hunter College and the CUNY Graduate Center, 2012 (Linda M., “Enrique Dussel’s Transmodernism”, TRANSMODERNITY: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58k9k17t)
Against “reason,” Dussel poses critical reason, against universality he puts forward concrete
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modernity into a new transmodern paradigm, looks to some as wishful thinking.¶
And view the 1AC speech act as a reconsideration of our education of US history. We change how we engage the west-centric education of the status quo and recognize the complexities and colonial/imperial contexts that constitute US history. By admitting this west-centricity, we as students have the ability to question authority and create an opportunity for genuine productive study, discussion, and learning.
Trofaneko 5 (Brenda Trofanenko, Professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Illinois, The Social Studies, Sept/Oct 2005)
The debates about the overwhelming problems, limitations, and disadvantages of social studies education
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but rather an opportunity for genuine productive study, discussion, and learning.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks KP | Judge: Topp, Sarah
Contention One is On the Border
Despite the innate fluidity of the US-Mexico borderlands, the distinction between “inside” and “outside” the border remains ethically and culturally pervasive. Discourses of emergency are used to delegitimize multiculturalism and sanction the massacre of illegal migrants.
Giorgi and Pinkus 2006 (Gabriel, Assistant Professor of Spanish and Comparative Literature at the University of Southern California, Karen, Professor of Italian, French, and Comparative Literature at the University of Southern California, “Zones of Exception: Biopolitical Territories in the Neoliberal Era”, Johns Hopkins University Press, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/diacritics/v036/36.2giorgi.html#bio1 - oliver g)
Contemporary discourses on economic, social, and cultural exclusion are deeply associated, especially
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diverse forms of poverty and indigence so deeply intensified in the neoliberal era.
This obsession with the border creates a reflexive surveillance state where the body politic must systematically purge itself of all racial impurity in order to function smoothly
Salter 2004 (Mark B., School of Political Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, “Passports, Mobility, and Security: How smart can the border be?” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1528-3577.2004.00158.x/full - oliver g)
At the border, all visitors, including Americans, have a greatly circumscribed set
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surveillance regime, in which every citizen is both watched and a watcher.
The biopolitical valuation of populations legitimizes all genocide and war
Elden 2002 (Prof of Politics @ U Warwick boundary 2 29.1 p. 148-9)
A break or cut (coupure) is fundamental to racism: a division or
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an absolute suicide for the German race (FDS, 231–32).
Contention Two is Meztisa Consciousness
The US-Mexico border must be understood as a ‘heterotopia’ rather than a ‘topia,’ as a non-place rather than a place. In contrast to the Euclidian paradigm of symmetry and closure, the geometry of the borderlands is marked by fractal growth and fractal decay, by disarray and gradiation. This ambiguity cannot be explained away by a single historical narrative, but must be preserved through the continuous telling and retelling of diverse cultural pasts.
Morales 1995 (Alejandro, Professor of Chicano/Latino Studies at the University of California, Irvine, “Dynamic identities in heterotopia,” Bilingual Review, Sepember-December, Vol. 20 Issue 3, http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=ffbe01ad-af3b-4bcb-8330-6b3827271a3f40sessionmgr114andvid=1andhid=122andbdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aphandAN=9610220106.)
¶ Davis's description alludes to a new meaning of urbanism in a border region.
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not fixed, that nothing is certain in the Southwestern heterotopia border zone.
Therefore, rather than simply condemning borders or embracing them, we propose the 1AC as a site for rethinking prevailing notions of territoriality and carving space for future inquiry. The question should not be whether the US-Mexico border is good or bad, but whether a specific conceptualization of the border is constructive or destructive in the context of global justice.
Agnew 2008 (John, Department of Geography, UCLA, Los Angeles, “Borders on the mind: re-framing border thinking,” Ethics and Global Politics 1, no. 4, http://ethicsandglobalpolitics.net/index.php/egp/article/view/1892/1985 - oliver g)
In my view, borders have always been more equivocal practically and ethically in their
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even as we work to enhance their positive and limit their negative effects.
Thus, we advocate Mestiza consciousness: a dynamic epistemic strategy that weaves between all boundaries, dichotomies, and absolutes in order to create real political and social change. Through the development of “la facultad” – a faculty for seamlessly traversing between various systems identity and belonging – we can acquire the tools to defy coloniality and forge a more open structure of social relations.  
Rodriguez 2011 (Encarnacion Gutierrez , Senior Lecturer in Transcultural Studies at the University of Manchester, “Decolonizing Postcolonial Rhetoric,” http://www.migrazine.at/artikel/decolonizing-postcolonial-rhetoric-english.)
Gloria Anzaldúa's notion of borderlands underlines the epistemic condition which she defines as "la
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. Critical border thinking involves and implies both the imperial and colonial difference".
And, contextualizing this method to the US-Mexico Border is uniquely important
Mendoza, 2k8, Elva Fabiola Orozco, Master of Arts in Political Science, Borderlands Theory: Producing Border Epistemologies with Gloria Anzaldua, April 24, 2008, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05062008-175949/unrestricted/Final_thesis_corrected.pdf
This thesis is an attempt to understand better the relations of power and resistance between
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free from traditional paradigms of class, race, gender, and sexuality.
Lastly, we do not deny our own social location or privilege, but rather embrace the particularity of our own epistemic experience as a starting point for emancipatory coalition building.  Mestiza is not an ethnicity but a state of mind, and no other state of mind provides a better theoretical lens through which to view the border.
Mendoza, 2k8, Elva Fabiola Orozco, Master of Arts in Political Science, Borderlands Theory: Producing Border Epistemologies with Gloria Anzaldua, April 24, 2008, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05062008-175949/unrestricted/Final_thesis_corrected.pdf
The final process in the Borderlands theory is La conciencia de la mestiza or the
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is the kind that can really make the difference in a person’s life.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: La Costa GY | Judge: Lucas-Bolin, Alyssa
Contention 1 is the War on Terror
First is leadership, there are zero justifications for Cuba’s continued inclusion on the State Department’s terror list. The country’s presence on the list undermines American leadership on the Global War on terrorism
Levy 11 (lecturer and PhD candidate at the Jose Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. He is a Research Associate of the Institute for the Study of Israel in the Middle East (ISIME) and taught Latin American Politics, and Comparative Politics at the University of Denver and the Colorado School of Mines. In Cuba, Lopez Levy worked as Secretary of the B’naio B’rith Lodge of the Cuban Jewish Community (1999-2001) and a political analyst for the Cuban government (1993-1994), “Presentation at the Conference Calling for Cuba’s removal from the list of States Sponsors of Terrorism organized by the CIP and the LAWG (Dec 1, 2011),” A Call for Cuba's Removal from the List of State Sponsors of Terrorism, conference sponsored by the Center for International Policy and the Latin American Working Group, December 1, 2011, http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/lawg_cip_dec_2011.pdf)//dp
So, let me discuss the first issue, why including Cuba on the terrorist
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Libya and Kim Jong-IL’s North Korea based on some mysterious criteria.
Second is cooperation, Cuba’s inclusion on the list undermines incentives for our allies to progress on anti-terrorism efforts. Now is key, absent the plan decline of US credibility on the war on terror is inevitable
Stephens 11 (Sarah Stephens, executive director of the Centre for Democracy in the Americas, a U.S. organization that promotes reconciliation with Cuba, Sarah works with U.S. policymakers, journalists and others, to change the debate on U.S. foreign policy toward the hemisphere.   She has led dozens of delegations of U.S. policymakers, academics, experts, and philanthropists to Latin America, Center for International Policy/Latin America Working Group forum on Cuba and the State Sponsors of Terror List, December 11, 2011, “A Call for Cuba’s Removal from the List of State Sponsors of Terrorism,” http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/lawg_cip_dec_2011.pdf)
Let me begin by offering my thanks to Wayne Smith and Mavis Anderson for organizing
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of anti-terror and anti-money laundering laws become more aggressive. 

Third is targeting, Cuba’s “arbitrary and capricious” inclusion makes the terror list utterly useless because it shows the US cannot identify actual state sponsors of terrorism
Metzker 6/13/13 (Jared Metzker, contributor for the Inter Press Service, pursuing MA at John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, cites Robert L. Muse, a specialist on the legality of U.S. policy toward Cuba, CSIS, US State Department, and Tomas Bilbao, executive director of the Cuba Study Group, June 13, 2013, “Pressure Building for U.S. to Remove Cuba from ‘Terror Sponsor’ List,” Inter Press Service, http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/06/pressure-building-for-u-s-to-remove-cuba-from-terror-sponsor-list/)
WASHINGTON, Jun 13 2013 (IPS) - Experts here are stepping up calls
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recommendation to solve the problem was simple: “Just scrap the list.”

And it’s reverse causal -~-- lifting Cuba from the terror list sends a powerful symbolic statement that alone is enough to legitimize the term “state sponsor of terrorism,” bolstering the War on Terror
Kayyem 4-29-13 (Juliette, Boston Globe columnist, lecturer at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Pacific Council on International Policy, former Assistant Secretary for Intergovernmental Affairs in the United States Department of Homeland Security, B.A. and Law Degree from Harvard, “Diluting the terror watch lists,” Boston Globe, www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2013/04/28/making-terror-lists-matter-cuba-not-state-sponsor-terrorism/X2NW0rfYm5A2eJT5VZEuHI/story.html)dp
SINCE THE attacks on the Boston Marathon, and the investigation of the Tsarnaev brothers
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we will do more damage to ourselves than any Castro brother ever did.
Specifically, removing Cuba is key to combat Hezbollah and Iran
Boz 2/22 (Boz is a freelance writer and consultant working on Latin American politics, security, economics and technology issues, based in Mexico City, February 22, 2013, “Kerry may remove Cuba from terrorism list,” http://www.bloggingsbyboz.com/2013/02/kerry-may-remove-cuba-from-terrorism.html)
The third reason is just as important: Removing Cuba restores some credibility to the
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contribute to better focused counter-terrorism efforts in the hemisphere and globally.

Iran and Hezbollah are expanding in Latin America now
Sullivan and Beittel 4/5 (Mark P. Sullivan is a specialist in Latin American Affairs and June S. Beittel is an analyst in Latin American Affairs at the Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2013, “Latin America: Terrorism Issues,” http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2063andcontext=key_workplace)
As noted above, Congress completed action on H.R. 3783 (Duncan
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hearing alleged extensive activities of both Iran and Hezbollah in the region.101

Hezbollah’s presence in Latin America is only growing, the region is key for its recruiting and funds
Brice 6/3 (Arthur Brice is an Executive Producer at CNN, June 3, 2013, “Iran, Hezbollah mine Latin America for revenue, recruits, analysts say, ”http:www.cnn.com/2013/06/03/world/americas/iran-latin-america)
Nisman's report said Iran's intelligence activities in Latin America are being conducted directly by Iranian
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S. personnel, installations or interests in the Americas," Noriega said.
And recent actions prove that Iran is willing to spread nuclear weapons to terrorist proxies like Hezbollah -~-- makes nuclear terrorism inevitable and draws in Israel
Meyers 5-23-13 (David, freelance writer who worked in White House from 2006-2009 and in the US Senate, pursuing law degree at Columbia University, “Iran could use a nuclear weapon against Israel and get away with it,” The Daily Caller, http://dailycaller.com/2013/05/23/iran-could-use-a-nuclear-weapon-against-israel-and-get-away-with-it/#ixzz2XpsK0t9L)//dp
Wednesday’s IAEA report offered more proof than ever that Iran is racing toward a nuclear
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the international community must consider as the crisis comes to a boiling point.
The risk of nuclear terrorist attack is high -~-- mobile weapons and loose nuclear material
Neely 13 (Meggaen, research intern for the Project on Nuclear Issues, “Doubting Deterrence of Nuclear Terrorism,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3-21-13, http://csis.org/blog/doubting-deterrence-nuclear-terrorism)
Assessing the Threat of Nuclear Terrorism¶ ¶ The risk that terrorists will set off
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seek to undercut the efforts of the select few with a nuclear intent?

Terrorism causes extinction-~--responses are key  
Myhrvold '13 (Nathan Myhrvold, Phd in theoretical and mathematical physics from Princeton,  and founded Intellectual Ventures after retiring as chief strategist and chief technology officer of Microsoft Corporation , July 2013, "Stratgic Terrorism: A Call to Action," The Lawfare Research Paper Series No.2, http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Strategic-Terrorism-Myhrvold-7-3-2013.pdf)
Several powerful trends have aligned to profoundly change the way that the world works.
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us with our shortcomings by repeatedly attacking us or hectoring us for decades.
Thus the Plan
Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should exempt Cuba from section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act, section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, and section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act by removing Cuba from the United States State Department’s list of state sponsors of terrorism.

Contention 2 is Soft Power 

The inclusion of Cuba on the list kills soft power- creates a static mentality of the cold war era
Stephens 11 (Sarah Stephens, executive director of the Centre for Democracy in the Americas, a U.S. organization that promotes reconciliation with Cuba, Sarah works with U.S. policymakers, journalists and others, to change the debate on U.S. foreign policy toward the hemisphere.   She has led dozens of delegations of U.S. policymakers, academics, experts, and philanthropists to Latin America, Center for International Policy/Latin America Working Group forum on Cuba and the State Sponsors of Terror List, December 11, 2011, “A Call for Cuba’s Removal from the List of State Sponsors of Terrorism,” http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/lawg_cip_dec_2011.pdf)
Finally, the presence of Cuba on the States sponsors of terrorism list is harmful
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criteria for terrorist list designation. Cuba’s presence on the list must end.
And De-Listing Cuba is essential for effective diplomacy across Latin America
Thale and Boggs 13 (Geoff Thale and Clay Boggs, Washington’s Office on Latin America’s Program director and Officer for Cuba, March 5, 2013, “Cuba and the Terrorist List,” Washington Office on Latin America, http://www.wola.org/commentary/cuba_and_the_terrorist_list)
On February 21, the Boston Globe reported that senior State Department officials were considering
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retire in 2018, effectively putting an end date on the Castro era.

More effective US soft power among rising non-democracies solves a multitude of global problems such as warming
Kupchan 12 (Charles, professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “No One's World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn,” Oxford University Press, US, 3-1-12, Kindle edition no page numbers)dp
Although Western hegemony is in its waning days, it still provides a significant level
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if they are to agree on an ideological foundation for the next world.
Warming is anthropogenic -~-- a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed articles proves.
IOP 5-16-13 (Institute of Physics in London, “Study reveals scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change,” Environmental Research Letters, http://www.iop.org/news/13/may/page_60200.html)//dp
A comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed articles on the topic of global warming and
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all interested parties have the opportunity to review the same data and findings."
Warming is real and causes extinction -~-- defer to scientific consensus.
Deibel 7 (Terry, Professor of National Strategy at the National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, Cambridge University Press, 1 edition, 7-23-2007, pp. 387-389)dp
Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.

Independently, US soft power is key to effectively implementing hard power.
Nye 4 (Joseph S. Nye, Dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, Foreign Affairs, “Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics,” edited transcript, April 13, 2004, http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/studio/multimedia/20040413/4466.html?withOthers=1#3)
Ambassador Djerejian, who chaired a bipartisan panel on Public Diplomacy in the Islamic World
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soft power, then we will be what I call a smart power.
Hegemony is sustainable and key to prevent multiple scenarios of accidents, nuclear war, and extinction – also an impact filter for all other impacts – retrenchment fails
Brookes, Ikenberry, and Wolforth 13 (Associate Professor of Government, Dartmouth College 2Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University, Global Eminence Scholar, Kyung Hee University in Seoul 3Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, “Lean Forward”, Foreign Affairs)
Proponents of retrenchment argue that a globally engaged grand strategy wastes money by subsidizing the
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an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rowland Hall RF | Judge: Kezios, Roman
Prioritizing existential risk is incoherent and leads to policy paralysis.
Meskill 9 (David, professor at Colorado School of Mines and PhD from Harvard, “The "One Percent Doctrine" and Environmental Faith”, December 9, http://davidmeskill.blogspot.com/2009/12/one-percent-doctrine-and-environmental.html)
Tom Friedman's piece today in the Times on the environment
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looming apocalypse, with the time (just barely) to take action.
*Politics*
No grand bargain this year- Reid won’t negotiate.
Wasson 10/24 (Erik. The Hill. “Reid rules out grand bargain.” http://thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/budget/330499-emboldened-reid-rules-out-budget-grand-bargain#ixzz2ihwPpd3q)
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) said Thursday he regrets being
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on some grand bargain ... that is not going to happen this time.”
Won’t pass – intense polarization and Obama’s political strategy
Jencunas 10/23 (Brian, PolicyMic, “New Government Shutdown Deadline: Why a Budget Deal Won’t Happen”, http://www.policymic.com/articles/69551/new-government-shutdown-deadline-why-a-budget-deal-won-t-happen RJ)
With each passing day, Congress looks more like a sad imitation of government than
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forces our government to lurch from crisis to crisis while ignoring real problems.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: La Costa GY | Judge: Lucas-Bolin, Alyssa
Winners win, Obama’s only option to avoid gridlock is controversial fights
Dickerson 13 (John Dickerson, Chief Political Correspondent at the Slate, Political Director of CBS News, Covered Politics for Time Magazine for 12 Years, Previous White House Correspondent, January 18, 2013 “Go for the Throat!,” http://tinyurl.com/b7zvv4d)
On Monday, President Obama will preside over the grand reopening of his administration.
AND
of “self-deportation” and the pure no-tax wing.
No risk of cyberterror – groups lack capabilities
Fisher 9 – editor of threatpost.com Dennis, 10/23/2009. “Report: Cyber-Terror Not A Credible Threat.” ThreatPOST: http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/cyberte rror-not-credible-threat-102309
A new report by a Washington policy think tank dismisses out of hand the idea
AND
not to use them. This alternative is nonsensical," Lewis writes.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westminster HL | Judge: Roark, Colin
Trade ensures US connections in latin America, no soft power impact.
Parraguez, Gonzales, and Tadeo, 10/12 Luisa is a professor and researcher at the Global Studies Department of Tecnológico de Monterrey’s Mexico City Campus. Francisco Garcia is a Tecnológico de Monterrey graduate and research coordinator at Mexico’s Auditoría Superior de la Federación. Joskua is an international relations student and research assistant at Tecnológico de Monterrey’s Mexico City Campus, The Epoch Times, “Latin America: Anti-US in Words, Not Deeds”, http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/316260-latin-america-anti-us-in-words-not-deeds/, BJM
Demographically and economically, the United States is changing in ways that make any standoff
AND
America’s heavy flows of trade with the world´s most powerful economy.
Influence is not a zero sum game
Global Times 13 (an English-language Chinese newspaper under the People's Daily., China, US not competing over Latin America: expert, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/785721.shtml#.UeVeoI1OSFs)
Chinese President Xi Jinping heads to Latin America and the Caribbean on Friday, in
AND
first summit with President Barack Obama on June 7 to 8 in California.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westminster HL | Judge: Roark, Colin
Prioritizing existential risk is incoherent and leads to policy paralysis.
Meskill 9 (David, professor at Colorado School of Mines and PhD from Harvard, “The "One Percent Doctrine" and Environmental Faith”, December 9, http://davidmeskill.blogspot.com/2009/12/one-percent-doctrine-and-environmental.html)
Tom Friedman's piece today in the Times on the environment (http://www.
AND
looming apocalypse, with the time (just barely) to take action.
Terror list removal is a mechanism of economic engagement for long term interlincages -~-- Iraq proves.
Borer 3 Douglas, Associate Professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California ,“Inverse Engagement: Lessons from US-Iraq Relations, 1982-1990,î ¶ published in Parameters: U.S. Army War College Quarterly (Vol. 33, No. 2, Summer 2003), pp. 51-65.
 In March 1982, the U.S. Government officially began engaging Saddam
AND
, after Reaganís ¶ reelection, Washington resumed full diplomatic ties with Baghdad.
Counter interpretation: Removal of penalties and invest bans are economic engagement
Haass and O’Sullivan 2k -~-- Richard N. Haass, Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, former senior aide to President George Bush, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, 2000 (“Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Survival, Volume 42, Number 2, Summer, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf)
Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of incentives. Economic engagement
AND
are just some of the possible incentives used in the form of engagement.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic MT | Judge: Leonardi, Christopher
Conflation is inevitable — no bright line.
Yun, 09 - Senior Public Policy Specialist at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer and Feld LLP Former Director of Public Affairs and Regional Issues at Korea Economic Institute, Former Director of Asian American Womenand#39;s Business Initiative and Special Projects Coordinator at Womenand#39;s Business Development Center, (Sarah, “Kaesong Industrial Complex: Is it changing the DPRK?” http://uskoreainstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/2009_Yearbook_Yun.pdf)
The two Koreas and the KIC project seem to demonstrate the democratic peace theory.
AND
the counterbalancing effects of political pressure and economic incentives worked for the KIC.

attempting to build something completely new is little more than abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the and#39;dissolution of¶ the State.and#34;¶

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic MT | Judge: Leonardi, Christopher
Conditional ethics and morality are voting issues, the ethics of the affirmative are unconditional—allowing fear based utilitarian politics to determine the course of our ethics is a process of social separation that culminates in Otherization and the conditions necessary for genocide.  
Bauman 1989 (Zygmunt, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of Leeds, Modernity and the Holocaust; P. 182-184
Most emphatically, my responsibility is unconditional. It does not depend on prior knowledge
AND
and bureaucratic achievement of modern rational society which made such a separation possible.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 6 | Opponent: New Trier LO | Judge: Hamrick, Kevin
1 PIC is illegit, the terror list doesnand#39;t lift the relevant economic sanctions
Hufbauer et al. 1 (Gary Clyde, Reginald Jones Senior Fellow, Jeffrey J. Schott, senior fellow, is the author of Prospects for Free Trade in the Americas (2001), Barbara Oegg, research assistant, all from Peterson Institute for International Economics, “Using Sanctions to Fight Terrorism,” November 2001, http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/print.cfm?ResearchId=79anddoc=pub)
Naming a country on the terrorism list triggers a series of economic sanctions under different
AND
Generalized System of Preferences (GSP, under the Trade Act of 1974)
2 The uniqueness evidence takes out the link – Cuba will never choose to move away from sustainable agriculture, Cuban government commitment
Barclay 03 (Eliza Barclay, . October 2003. and#34;Cubaand#39;s Agriculture Revolutionand#34;. Socialist Viewpoint. www.socialistviewpoint.org/oct_03/oct_03_25.html)
Aside from the disruption in self-sufficiency, there is also growing concern that
AND
but they may not last because they may not fulfill Cuban agricultural needs.”

b) Environmental and Social incentives outweigh
Van Cleef 2000 (Lisa Van Cleef, The San Francisco Chronicle, March 15, 2000, “The Big Green Experiment: Cuba’s Organic Revolution”,http://yeoldeconsciousnessshoppe.com/art9.html, js)
Cubaand#39;s advanced organic farming techniques have led to major cultural shifts as many city-
AND
our soil, this large-scale experiment should be watched by all.

3 No impact to pesticides when used correctly—we encounter them every day
Marrone, Ph.D. in Entomology, 2004
Pamela: Ph.D in Entomology from Cornell, B.S. in Entomology from North Carolina State University, President and CEO of AgraQuest Inc, erves on the board of Sutter Davis Hospital and is a former board member of Explorit Science Center and the Davis Chamber of Commerce., 6/25/04, Ecoworld, “Safe Pesticides?”, http://www.ecoworld.com/animals/safe-pesticides.html, Accessed: 7/10/13, PR
Chemical pesticides currently dominate the world market and are used at a much larger scale
AND
almonds, oranges, celery and carrots-have toxic properties in them.

4 Cuba already has GMO’s
Riera, Staff Writer for Granma International, 2011
Lilliam, 12/1/11, Digital Gramma Internacional, “Cuba presents advances
in agricultural bio-technology”, http://www.granma.cu/ingles/cuba-i/1dic-Cuba20presents.html, Accessed: 7/1/13, PR
RESULTS from projects focused on veterinary vaccines and the development of genetically modified corn are
AND
registered and approved for animal consumption and wide-scale cultivation in 2009.

5 Conditional ethics and morality claims are voting issues, the ethics of the affirmative are unconditional—allowing fear based utilitarian politics to determine the course of our ethics is a process of social separation that culminates in Otherization and the conditions necessary for genocide.
Bauman 1989 (Zygmunt, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of Leeds, Modernity and the Holocaust; P. 182-184
Most emphatically, my responsibility is unconditional. It does not depend on prior knowledge
AND
and bureaucratic achievement of modern rational society which made such a separation possible.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Bishop Guertin SZ | Judge: Shah, Thiele, Washington
Coloniality DA – Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours by claiming only their epistemology is true re-inscribes colonial logic into the debate space. That very logic creates the conditions for war, dispossession, occlusion, exclusion, and genocide.
Mignolo 2011 (Walter D., Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism."
Statism DA – institutions are the dominant form of politics, and engaging institutions democratically is the only feasible and truly radical means to transform politics – that’s Stehn. Without the obediential exercise of delegated institutional power the world cannot feasibly be changed. Alternatives are abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Post-modernism is Eurocentric and attempt to reduce all experience to a universalized European experience of resistance. They reduce all experience down to the experience of the west with the law and totalize all possible experience in only that unique way that arrogant European philosophers can. Their methodology has no way of accounting for the difference articulated by our approach to epistemological alterity.
Grosfoguel (Associate Professor Ethnic Studies Department, Chicano/Latino Studies) 12
(Ramón, “Decolonizing Western Uni-versalisms: Decolonial Pluri-versalism from Aimé Césaire to the Zapatistas” 2012 http://escholarship.org/uc/item/01w7163v) DDI13
4. Post-modernity vs. Trans-modernity? Nothing that I have
AND
the Zapatista motto of constructing “a world in which other worlds fit.”
Epistemology must be the focus of debate – questioning Western knowledge production if the only way to end its privileging that creates hierarchies between nations and races
Mignolo (Professor of Literature in Duke University, Joint Appointments in Cultural Anthropology and Romance Studies) 2009
Walter, “Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom,” Theory, Culture, and Society, 161-163, NDW DDI13
ONCE UPON a time scholars assumed that the knowing subject in the disciplines is transparent
AND
those who take ‘originality’ as the ultimate criterion for the final judgment.
Every instance of racism must be rejected.
Memmi, 2000 (Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris, RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165, JG)
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Loyola AC | Judge: Foy, John
Coloniality DA – Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours by claiming only their epistemology is true re-inscribes colonial logic into the debate space. That very logic creates the conditions for war, dispossession, occlusion, exclusion, and genocide.
Mignolo 2011 (Walter D., Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism."
Statism DA – institutions are the dominant form of politics, and engaging institutions democratically is the only feasible and truly radical means to transform politics – that’s Stehn. Without the obediential exercise of delegated institutional power the world cannot feasibly be changed. Alternatives are abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Turn-Your Eurocentrism is showing. Only philosophers and thinkers of the west presume a vertical model of solidarity extending only to human life- our model of solidarity extends to all life
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The epistemic and political dimension at stake here has been aptly summarized¶ by another
AND
of indigenous societies, rather than from¶ the history of European societies.
What is wrong with that? Would you say¶ that thinking from the history
AND
and doing is the task of¶ border epistemology and the decolonial option.¶

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: Reservoir SS | Judge: Wash, Ryan
Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours, or to “Win the Debate” by proving their epistemology is the one true and correct methodology are attempts to re-inscribe the colonial logic of objectivity without parenthesis. All of their link arguments stem from the fact that their epistemology is superior to ours which ultimately only serves to reinscribe colonial epistemologies upon the debate space.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism."
The Perm solves better than the alternative alone. Accepting truth in parenthesis allows one to see many decolonial options, our attempt to incorporate nodes of resistance that have been silenced by Imperialism by being labeled as terrorists or state sponsors of terror allows decolonial thinking to emerge.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
Decolonizing Western epistemology means to strip it out of the pretense¶ that it is
AND
thinking marks indeed¶ the final limits of global linear thinking and doing.
And Their Alternative Fails- Turn- Attempting to “tear down the system” and build something completely new is little more than abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Solvency defecit, the conception of race through a black/white paradigm marginalizes other races, excluding them from relevant discussions
Perea 97- prof of law @ UF, visiting prof @ Harvard, leading scholar on race and the law
(Juan, “The Black/White Binary Paradigm of Race,” California Law ReviewMGD)
Paradigms of race shape our understanding of race and our definition of racial problems.
AND
those that will not fit the box are often not seen at all.”
DA to the alt, it destroys coalitions and reproduces violence
Graves 04, (Spencer, professional engineer with a PhD in statistics, “Violence, Nonviolence, and the American Revolution,” http://www.prodsyse.com/conflict/NonviolenceandAmericanRevolution.pdf)
The violence of the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the slave rebellion
AND
objectives, transforming many lose-lose situations into win-win outcomes.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: GBS CK | Judge: Ogbuli, Anthony
3 Defenses of hegemony are rooted in presumptions of racial inferiority – this logic conceals massive international violence while foreclosing opportunities for political contestation and resistance.
Kaplan 4 Amy, Department Chair in the Department of English and Edward W. Kane Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania, American Quarterly, 56:1, March, “Violent Belongings and the Question of Empire Today,” Literature Online
Another dominant narrative about empire today, told by liberal interventionists, is that of
AND
freighted with imperial meanings, and for which we need better vocabularies.

4 No link Engagement is NOT appeasement
Larison, 12 – Senior editor for The American Conservative (Daniel, “Engagement is not Appeasement”, The American Conservative, 12/17, http://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/engagement-is-not-appeasement/)//RG
The former Republican Senator from Nebraska could have been speaking to his former colleagues when
AND
U.S. of influence. It deprives these regimes of nothing.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Brennan, Eli
No link Engagement is NOT appeasement
Larison, 12 – Senior editor for The American Conservative (Daniel, “Engagement is not Appeasement”, The American Conservative, 12/17, http://www.theamericanconservative.com/larison/engagement-is-not-appeasement/)//RG
The former Republican Senator from Nebraska could have been speaking to his former colleagues when
AND
U.S. of influence. It deprives these regimes of nothing.
No Impact to appeasement- the United States uses appeasement to deal with Iran
Debka 13(DEBKAfile Special Report September 27, 2013, “US appeasement of Iran drowns Israel’s military option against nuclear Iran or chemical Syria” http://www.debka.com/article/23314/)
Thursday, Sept.26, will go down in Israel’s history as the day
AND
the entire Middle East and force Israel to join the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty.
The United States has used appeasement towards Syria
Washington Post 9/26 (Washington Post, September 26, 2013, Seeking appeasement with Syria, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-26/opinions/42421396_1_chemical-weapons-syria-isolationism)
In his Sept. 22 op-ed column, “When isolationism ruled,”
AND
weapons. These weapons will haunt the free world for years to come.
Non unique, the Obama Administration has been using a policy of appeasement towards Cuba and Venezuela since his election
Boothroyd, 12 – journalist and political activist for Venezuelan Analysis (Rachel, “Republicans vow to halt “Policy of Appeasment” in Venezuela”, Venezuelan Analysis, 9/23, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/7283)//RG
Republican nominee for Vice-President of the U.S., Paul Ryan,
AND
loyal friend” to those who campaign on Cuba-related political issues.
Defenses of hegemony are rooted in presumptions of racial inferiority – this logic conceals massive international violence while foreclosing opportunities for political contestation and resistance.
Kaplan 4 Amy, Department Chair in the Department of English and Edward W. Kane Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania, American Quarterly, 56:1, March, “Violent Belongings and the Question of Empire Today,” Literature Online
Another dominant narrative about empire today, told by liberal interventionists, is that of
AND
freighted with imperial meanings, and for which we need better vocabularies.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Pine Crest LM | Judge: Malia, Matt
Due to separate sanctions, Cuba would not get access to more goods when removed from the SST
Carone, Executive Director of Cuba Democracy Advocates, 13
Mauricio Claver, 4-2-13, The American, “Cuba Sees an Opening,” http://www.american.com/archive/2013/april/cuba-should-remain-designated-as-a-state-sponsor-of-terrorism, accessed 6-26-13, PR
Kerry supported unilaterally easing sanctions on Cuba during his Senate career, and speculation that
AND
Congress and lead to an unconditional lifting of sanctions in the near future.

Tournament: Cal | Round: 3 | Opponent: SVDP DG | Judge: McKinney, Claire
Coloniality DA – Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours by claiming only their epistemology is true re-inscribes colonial logic into the debate space. That very logic creates the conditions for war, dispossession, occlusion, exclusion, and genocide.
Mignolo 2011 (Walter D., Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism."
Statism DA – institutions are the dominant form of politics, and engaging institutions democratically is the only feasible and truly radical means to transform politics – that’s Stehn. Without the obediential exercise of delegated institutional power the world cannot feasibly be changed. Alternatives are abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Turn-Coalitions-The fracturing of coalitional politics inevitably results in Authoritarianism and prevents any kind of progressive change. Only the use of Assemblage Thinking via the affirmative and our permutation allows hope.
Ramón Grosfoguel  Colonial Subjects: Puerto Ricans in Historical Perspective, 2003
 All attempts to transform the system in the Caribbean and Central America have been
AND
a radical democratic direction. This is subversion from within the dominant discourses.¶
Conditional ethics and morality claims are voting issues, the ethics of the affirmative are unconditional—allowing fear based utilitarian politics to determine the course of our ethics is a process of social separation that culminates in Otherization and the conditions necessary for genocide
Bauman 1989 (Zygmunt, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of Leeds, Modernity and the Holocaust; P. 182-184
Most emphatically, my responsibility is unconditional. It does not depend on prior knowledge
AND
and bureaucratic achievement of modern rational society which made such a separation possible.
Specifically, state terror is used as a tool to promote the neo-liberal agenda.
Blakely, Lecturer in International relations @ University of Kent, 2009 (Ruth, State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South)
Overview of the chapters¶ In Chapter 2 I provide a conceptualisation of state terrorism
AND
by allied forces during the¶ Second World War also constituted state terrorism.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic WZ | Judge: Schirmer, Abby
Obama not pushing for debt ceiling- no chance of passage, we post date
Jackson 9/18 (David Jackson, USA TODAY 1:06 p.m. EDT September 18, 2013
 “Obama: Debt ceiling is not a 'bargaining chip'” http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/09/18/obama-business-roundtable-boehner-shutdown-debt-ceiling/2830789/)
President Obama said Wednesday that he will not allow the debt ceiling to become "
AND
to a debt limit increase, and this time should be no different."

Obama has zero political capital for budget battles
Rogers 9/17 (Ed Rogers, September 17, 2013, “The Insiders: Stubborn facts and bothersome polls,” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2013/09/17/the-insiders-stubborn-facts-and-bothersome-polls/)
It seems like it has been 10 years, but in reality it has been
AND
Americans care far more about health care and economic issues than they care about Syria and foreign policy.
3 No link country Reports on Terrorism only released once a year in April
US Department of State No date http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/ “Country Reports on Terrorism” No date.
U.S. law requires the Secretary of State to provide Congress, by
AND
report for 2004, it replaced the previously published Patterns of Global Terrorism.
PC not key or true and winners win
Hirsh 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly
AND
right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rowland Hall RF | Judge: Kezios, Roman
1 Grand bargain won’t happen- would require compromise on core principles.
Taylor 10/23 (Andrew, Associated Press. “Negotiators looking for only a small budget deal,” http://www.wral.com/negotiators-looking-for-only-a-small-budget-deal/13034337/).
WASHINGTON — Forget a grand bargain. Reaching even a small budget deal will be
AND
., agreed that a large-scale grand bargain isn't in the cards.
2 Even a small deal’s impossible.
Taylor 10/23 (Andrew, Associated Press. “Negotiators looking for only a small budget deal,” http://www.wral.com/negotiators-looking-for-only-a-small-budget-deal/13034337/).
Even a small deal promises to be a challenge. Those watching the talks say
AND
deal to come together both sides have to be able to declare victory."
3 Double-bind: either Republican support overwhelms the link or Obama’s political capital is useless
Johnson 10/24 (Fawn, staff writer, NationalJournal, “Obama's Words Won't Advance Immigration,” 2013, http://www.nationaljournal.com/domesticpolicy/obama-s-words-won-t-advance-immigration-20131024.)
President Obama called again for immigration reform on Thursday. He'll probably do it next
AND
one thing is certain: It has nothing to do with what Obama says
4 No link country Reports on Terrorism only released once a year in April
US Department of State No date http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/ “Country Reports on Terrorism” No date.
U.S. law requires the Secretary of State to provide Congress, by
AND
report for 2004, it replaced the previously published Patterns of Global Terrorism.
5 PC not key or true and winners win
Hirsh 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly
AND
right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Brennan, Eli
Vote counts are irrelevant- Boehner won’t bring it up.
HuffPost Oct 17 (“Obama To House On Immigration: If You Have Ideas, 'Let's Hear Them'”
Obama and immigration reform advocates have insisted there's still time and the will to pass
AND
path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants -- that have now faded from attention.
 Rep. Raul Labrador (R-Idaho) said Wednesday2 that the government shutdown and debt ceiling fight may have killed immigration reform in the House for good.
 "For us to go to a negotiation, to the negotiating table with President Obama after what he has done over the last two and a half weeks, I think would be probably a very big mistake," he told The Huffington Post.
2 CIR won’t come up this session – congress will recess first, leaving little time
Herald 10/14
Immigration Reform put on back burner” 10/14/2013 http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/article_1a82935e-347b-11e3-bae8-001a4bcf6878.html
Rep. Filemon Vela, a Democrat from Brownsville, said while there appears to
AND
situations, the more likely it is we’re able to address immigration reform.”
3 Republicans will not let Obama use his political capital to walk over them
Tobin 10/17 (Jonathan S. Tobin, October 17, 2013, “Can the Obama Revival Succeed?“ http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2013/10/17/can-the-obama-revival-succeed-shutdown/)
It bears repeating that had Senators Ted Cruz and Mike Lee and their friends in
AND
of the Republican Party don’t let Cruz anywhere near the driver’s wheel again.
4 No link country Reports on Terrorism only released once a year in April
US Department of State No date http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/ “Country Reports on Terrorism” No date.
U.S. law requires the Secretary of State to provide Congress, by
AND
report for 2004, it replaced the previously published Patterns of Global Terrorism.
5 Winners Win- Obama got his political capital from doing controversial things and is spending it on both the Farm Bill and immigration reform.
Holland et al 10/17(Steve Holland and Mark Felsenthal, WASHINGTON, Thu Oct 17, 2013 “Crisis averted, Obama says Americans 'completely fed up' with Washington” http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/17/us-usa-fiscal-obama-idUSBRE99G0R720131017)
President Barack Obama scolded congressional Republicans on Thursday hours after a fiscal crisis was narrowly
AND
and get to work with him on issues critical to improving the economy.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 6 | Opponent: New Trier LO | Judge: Hamrick, Kevin
Specifically, state terror is used as a tool to promote the neo-liberal agenda.
Blakely, Lecturer in International relations @ University of Kent, 2009 (Ruth, State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South)
Overview of the chapters¶ In Chapter 2 I provide a conceptualisation of state terrorism
AND
by allied forces during the¶ Second World War also constituted state terrorism.
Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours, or to “Win the Debate” by proving their epistemology is the one true and correct methodology are attempts to re-inscribe the colonial logic of objectivity without parenthesis. All of their link arguments stem from the fact that their epistemology is superior to ours which ultimately only serves to reinscribe colonial epistemologies upon the debate space.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument Iand#39;m working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism.and#34;
Turn- Your reading of Marx is not only inappropriate in explaining the history of Latin American colonialism and completely WRONG in assuming his method to be one of dialectics, but it ultimately strips out the uniquely ethical and radical elements of Marx’s philosophy.
Mendieta, Columbian philosopher and chair of the Philosophy Dept. at Stony Brook University, 2007 (Eduardo, Global fragments : globalizations, Latinamericanisms, and critical
Theory)
Notwithstanding the shift from ontology to metaphysics we described¶ above, Dussel had continued
AND
fundamental option for the creativity of the living¶ corporeality of the worker.

And Their Alternative Fails- Turn- Attempting to “tear down the system” and build something completely new is little more than abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the and#39;dissolution of¶ the State.and#34;¶

Tournament: Alta | Round: 6 | Opponent: Boise High ML | Judge: Stone, Chris
Capitalism is inevitable – even with financial crisis, free-market capitalism will be there
The Australian, 9 (Staff Writer, “The Case for Capitalism,” 6-25-2009, http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25685611-16382,00.html)
THE way Australians are selling out of shares will delight doomsayers, giving them additional
AND
- and sooner or later it will grow again. It always does.
The desire for freedom and growth is innate – moving away risks totalitarianism, violence, poverty and war
Aligica ‘03
(Paul Aligica, Fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute, “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)
Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to change the human
AND
are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984).
No impact to their value to life claims – Meaningless life is still much better than no life at all. Their authors do not make a comparison, but just say life is without value. Being alive is always better because being alive allows us to find our value.
Wapner, 2003 Associate Professor and Director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University (Paul, Dissent, Winter, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/articles/wi03/wapner.htm)
The third response to eco-criticism would require critics to acknowledge the ways in
AND
-critics must be supporters, in some fashion, of environmental preservation.
heg solves warming U.S. global leadership key to a solution
Parsons 9 - Assistant Counsel to and Environmental Practice Team Leader for Naval Facilities Engineering Command  (Rymn, "Taking up the Security Challenge of Climate Change," Strategic Studies Institute, August 2009)
On the issue of climate change, U.S. leadership is widely seen
AND
achieved on climate change will redound to America’s advantage in other arenas.74
Capitalism is good:

1. Capitalism key to environmental protection
   Taylor, director of natural resource studies at CATO, Aprill 22, 2003
   Jerry, Happy Earth Day? Thank Capitalism, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3073
   Indeed, we wouldn't even have environmentalists in our midst were it not for capitalism
   AND
   save more lives threatened by environmental pollution than all the environmental organizations combined.
   2. Free market capitalism is vital to preventing extinction and ensuring equality and value to life – also solves disease and poverty
   Rockwell ‘02
   (Llewellyn H., President of the Mises Institute, The Free Market, “Why They Attack Capitalism”, Volume 20, Number 10, October, http://www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=418andsortorder-articledate)
   If you think about it, this hysteria is astonishing, even terrifying. The
   AND
   planning of the type now being urged on American enterprise is perfectly abysmal.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Brennan, Eli
Influence is not a zero sum game
Global Times 13 (an English-language Chinese newspaper under the People's Daily., China, US not competing over Latin America: expert, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/785721.shtml#.UeVeoI1OSFs)
Chinese President Xi Jinping heads to Latin America and the Caribbean on Friday, in
AND
first summit with President Barack Obama on June 7 to 8 in California.
3 Latin America is distancing from China
Ferchen 12
Matt, China Brief, China-Latin American Relations: The End of the Honeymoon?, 1/16/12, http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/01/16/china-latin-american-relations/925n
But at the same time, anxieties about expanding economic ties with China are rising
AND
American manufactured goods to the huge Chinese market, have largely been disappointed.
Portraying China as a threat makes war more likely – critical questioning is a prerequisite to forging the possibility of peaceful coexistence between the US and China.
Pan 4 Chengxin, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, Australian National University, Alternatives 29, “The ‘China Threat’ in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics,” p. 325-326, Ebsco
I have argued above that the "China threat" argument in mainstream U.
AND
, and less dangerous ways of interpreting and debating China might become possible.
8 Such security discourse authorizes state violence and limitless global destruction.
Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25)
No other concept in international relations packs the metaphysical punch, nor commands the disciplinary
AND
on the otherness of death, and identities calcifying into a fearful sameness.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Brennan, Eli
Influence is not a zero sum game
Global Times 13 (an English-language Chinese newspaper under the People's Daily., China, US not competing over Latin America: expert, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/785721.shtml#.UeVeoI1OSFs)
Chinese President Xi Jinping heads to Latin America and the Caribbean on Friday, in
AND
first summit with President Barack Obama on June 7 to 8 in California.
3 Latin America is distancing from China
Ferchen 12
Matt, China Brief, China-Latin American Relations: The End of the Honeymoon?, 1/16/12, http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/01/16/china-latin-american-relations/925n
But at the same time, anxieties about expanding economic ties with China are rising
AND
American manufactured goods to the huge Chinese market, have largely been disappointed.
7 Portraying China as a threat makes war more likely – critical questioning is a prerequisite to forging the possibility of peaceful coexistence between the US and China.
Pan 4 Chengxin, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, Australian National University, Alternatives 29, “The ‘China Threat’ in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics,” p. 325-326, Ebsco
I have argued above that the "China threat" argument in mainstream U.
AND
, and less dangerous ways of interpreting and debating China might become possible.
8 Such security discourse authorizes state violence and limitless global destruction.
Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25)
No other concept in international relations packs the metaphysical punch, nor commands the disciplinary
AND
on the otherness of death, and identities calcifying into a fearful sameness.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: La Costa GY | Judge: Lucas-Bolin, Alyssa
Should means “ought”
American Heritage Dictionary 10 “should,” date last modified, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should

1. simple past tense of shall. 2.(used to express condition): Were he to arrive, I should be pleased. 3. must; ought (used to indicate duty, propriety, or expediency): You should not do that.
   Resolved is before the colon and not in the plan
   Webster’s 2k (Guide to Grammar and Writing, http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm)
   Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a
   AND
   the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.
   CP links to politics -~-- doesn’t resolve controversy
   Mayer 7 -~-- (Kenneth R. Mayer is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, December 2007, “The Base Realignment and Closure Process: Is it Possible to Make Rational Policy?,” http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/kmayer/Professional/Base20Realignment20and20Closure20Process.pdf)
   There is simply far too much controversy over what sorts of reforms are necessary.
   AND
   an unusual set of circumstances, and it should replicated with great caution.
   CP fails – lack of compromise.
   Klein 10 – Ezra Klein, awesome political blogger, “Sins of Commission,” February 19, 2010, online: http://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/02/sins_of_commission.html
   There's nothing magic about a commission. Like a congressional committee, it puts together
   AND
   , and there's no reason to believe they're going to change their minds.
   Politics link is say no evidence – commissions don’t pass unless there is zero controversy.
   Mayer 7 – Kenneth R. Mayer, Professor of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, December 2007, “The Base Realignment and Closure Process: Is it Possible to Make Rational Policy?,” online: http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/kmayer/Professional/Base20Realignment20and20Closure20Process.pdf
   The second question is whether the BRAC model can succeed in other policy areas,
   AND
   reform, where there is intense controversy over both goals and specific policies.
   Perm do the plan as a result of the commission – captures all your offense It doesn’t sever immediacy
   Online Plain T  Ext English Dictionary ‘9 (http://www.onelook.com/?other=web1913andw=Resolve)
   Resolve: “To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine after reflection; as, to resolve on a better course of life.”

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Loyola AC | Judge: Foy, John
2 Turn – Constitution A. Allowing foreign entities to dictate American foreign policy would dismantle constitutional balance and democracy
James R. Edwards Jr., Adjunct fellow with the Hudson Institute, 2002 The Washington Times, “Homeland Security in Konts,” Lexis
In other words, Congress would lose much of its constitutional ability to check the
AND
And the White House should include these in its reasons for a veto.
B. Decision rule to reject violations of the Constitution
Daryl Levinson, Professor of law at University of Virginia, 2000  University of Chicago Law Review, Spring, Lexis
Extending a majority rule analysis of optimal deterrence to constitutional torts requires some explanation,
AND
better off, by whatever measure, if constitutional rights were never violated.
This justifies perm Do the counterplan – it’s definitionally plan-plus
Should means “ought”
American Heritage Dictionary 10 “should,” date last modified, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should

1. simple past tense of shall. 2.(used to express condition): Were he to arrive, I should be pleased. 3. must; ought (used to indicate duty, propriety, or expediency): You should not do that.
   Resolved is before the colon and not in the plan
   Webster’s 2k (Guide to Grammar and Writing, http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm)
   Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a
   AND
   the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.

Conditional ethics and morality are voting issues, the ethics of the affirmative are unconditional—allowing fear based utilitarian politics to determine the course of our ethics is a process of social separation that culminates in Otherization and the conditions necessary for genocide.
Bauman 1989 (Zygmunt, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of Leeds, Modernity and the Holocaust; P. 182-184
Most emphatically, my responsibility is unconditional. It does not depend on prior knowledge
AND
and bureaucratic achievement of modern rational society which made such a separation possible.
Doesn't solve the aff, allowing the political process to determine our course of action
AND
least in part to the majority's readiness to regard foreigners as inherently suspect.¶
Consultation causes delays – language disputes and layers of intra-nation bureaucracy – risks hurting relations
Grieb ‘2 (Kenneth J. Grieb is Professor and Coordinator of International Studies at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. His is a author of several books dealing with Modern Latin American and United States Diplomatic History -- Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy – available via: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5215/is_2002/ai_n19132358.)
International relations involve negotiations between the governments of nation-states, which are conducted
AND
that many more nations and peoples were involved in global and regional issues.

Tournament: Cal | Round: 6 | Opponent: GBN MT | Judge: Carswell, Matt
Aff doesn’t have to be resolved – it’s before the colon and not in the plan text
Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2000
http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm
Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself. Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on… If the introductory phrase preceding the colon is very brief and the clause following the colon represents the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.
“should” implies an expectation or a recommended course of action, not a definitive course of action
American Heritage Dictionary 2009
“Should” on dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should
Used to express probability or expectation: They should arrive at noon.
Permute – do both – non-binding consultation can solve the net benefit
Daily Oklahoman - 6-12-2001
WITH his arrival in Spain this morning, President Bush begins a five-day
AND
to lead even at the risk of ruffling some feathers along the way.
No impact – US relations with NATO are resilient – cooperation will European nations will continue even if NATO collapses
Michael Gallagher, Assistant Secretary of Commerce, Winter 2003 Houston Journal of International Law
NATO’s supporters argue that ending NATO will destabilize Europe. Ending NATO, they claim
AND
and need for, the United States-Europe security partnership.”

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Notre Dame AB | Judge: Hanson, Brock
Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours by claiming only their epistemology is true re-inscribes colonial logic into the debate space.
Mignolo 2011 (Walter D., Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)

The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism."
Fetishization of the local and the fugitive does not make it possible to theorize the relations between local issues as relations between parts to a whole. We need a new paradigm, not simply a scattered guerrilla war.
Alcoff 12, Professor of Philosophy at Hunter College and the CUNY Graduate Center, (Linda M., “Enrique Dussel’s Transmodernism”, TRANSMODERNITY: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58k9k17t)
¶ For this sort of reason, I suspect some of Dussel’s critics cannot follow
AND
if all meta-narrative forms are the same. They are not.
The Perm solves better than the alternative alone. Accepting truth in parenthesis allows one to see many decolonial options, our attempt to incorporate nodes of resistance that have been silenced by Imperialism by being labeled as terrorists or state sponsors of terror allows decolonial thinking to emerge.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
Decolonizing Western epistemology means to strip it out of the pretense¶ that it is
AND
thinking marks indeed¶ the final limits of global linear thinking and doing.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Westminster HH | Judge: Vitz, John
B. Their focus state action is complicit with forms of colonialism that reduce people to numbers by making them passive agents of the state
Mendieta, Columbian philosopher and chair of the Philosophy Dept. at Stony Brook University, 2007 (Eduardo, Global fragments : globalizations, Latinamericanisms, and critical
Theory)
As we noted above, Enrique Dussel’s philosophy is a philosophy of liberation¶ that
AND
within the West, they are to be seen as¶ wild generalizations.
B. Their FW argument is an attempt to arbitrarily exclude us from debate via invocation of the rules of the game. Attempts to tell us what and where to read arguments invoke the Coloniality of power
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The introduction of geo-historical and bio-graphical configurations in processes¶ of
AND
and puts himself or herself in a privileged position to evaluate and dictate.
3. Gatekeeping DA- their interpretation is an arbitrary exclusion that is seemingly benign but is an attempt to prevent any new radically different perspectives. Vote Affirmative to allow for a pluriversal approach to the resolution
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
We are now in a position to better understand what the young girl's dictum,¶
AND
and ethical consequences derived,¶ precisely, from the conceptualization of border thinking."
They destroy the value of debate
Kahn, 10 (Richard Kahn, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Research at the University of North Dakota, Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement, 2010, pp. 9-11)
Worse still, though, is that here environmental literacy has not only been co
AND
a number of theorists and educators who have sought to highlight their limitations.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: St Marks KP | Judge: Topp, Sarah
Counter-interpretation: the affirmative should be allowed to performativity and methodologically affirm the resolution.
Resolved before the colon means reserved—we don’t need to be certain about its truth—this is key to analyzing performativity
Evans, 1 (Nathan Kirk, CEDA Debate, “A2: Jeff P-Is the resolution a question?,” http://cedadebate.org/pipermail/mailman/2001-February/030719.html)
The resolution is not a question. It is a statement that has "resolved
AND
graded should itself be changed. Debaters, however, have that opportunity.
The border is an “economic sanction” which means the aff is economic engagement
Askari 3 – Hossein, et al, Professor of International Business at George Washington University, Case Studies of U.S. Economic Sanctions: The Chinese, Cuban, and Iranian Experience, p. 91-92
Mechanisms That Could Be Used to Implement an Economic Sanction¶ The distinctive characteristic of
AND
a combination) of these mechanisms could be part of an economic sanction¶
Epistemology DA – the impartation of rational and self-interested “portable skills” is part and parcel of the epistemological project of neoliberalism – evaluate form before content because any education gleaned from the neg’s framework already tacitly affirms the competitive logic of the market
Kiersey 2011 (Nicholas, Assistant Professor in Political Science at Ohio University's Chillicothe campus, “Everyday Neoliberalism and the¶ Subjectivity of Crisis: Post-Political¶ Control in an Era of Financial Turmoil,” https://www.academia.edu/3651617/Everyday_Neoliberalism_and_the_Subjectivity_of_Crisis_Post-Political_Control_in_an_Era_of_Financial_Turmoil.)
WE DO NOT DEFEND GENDERED LANGUAGE
Human capital is distinguished from other types of capital by the fact that it¶
AND
) puts it, premised upon "the production of subjectivity by subjectivity".
The impact is extinction
Giroux 2006 (Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in Canada.  “Dirty Democracy and State Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States,”  Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 26.2 (2006) 163-177.)
While it would be ludicrous to suggest that the United States either represents a mirror
AND
1990s alone, war forced 20 million children to leave their homes.16
We meet – we occupy the space between legality and illegality within the resolution. If their interpretation is the border, we are the borderlands.
Lindahl 2008 (Hans, Department of Philosophy, Tilburg University The Netherlands, “Border Crossings by Immigrants: Legality, Illegality, and Alegality,” Res Publica: A Journal of Moral, Legal and Social Philosophy, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-008-9051-5/fulltext.html - oliver g)
At one level, of course, the distinction between legal order and disorder amounts
AND
of legality. In a word, legal orders are irredeemably contingent.11

Tournament: MBA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Pine Crest LM | Judge: Malia, Matt
The Perm solves better than the alternative alone. Accepting truth in parenthesis allows one to see many decolonial options, our attempt to incorporate nodes of resistance that have been silenced by Imperialism by being labeled as terrorists or state sponsors of terror allows decolonial thinking to emerge.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
Decolonizing Western epistemology means to strip it out of the pretense¶ that it is
AND
thinking marks indeed¶ the final limits of global linear thinking and doing.
Statism DA – institutions are the dominant form of politics, and engaging institutions democratically is the only feasible and truly radical means to transform politics – that’s Stehn. Without the obediential exercise of delegated institutional power the world cannot feasibly be changed. Alternatives are abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Conditional ethics and morality are voting issues, the ethics of the affirmative are unconditional—allowing fear based utilitarian politics to determine the course of our ethics is a process of social separation that culminates in Otherization and the conditions necessary for genocide.  
Bauman 1989 (Zygmunt, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of Leeds, Modernity and the Holocaust; P. 182-184
Most emphatically, my responsibility is unconditional. It does not depend on prior knowledge
AND
and bureaucratic achievement of modern rational society which made such a separation possible.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Barstow DN | Judge: Johnson, Paul
Heidegger’s Nazism informed his theories – his notion of authenticity allows dangerous ideas to creep into seemingly benign philosophy
Cohen 09 (Patricia, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/09/books/09philosophy.html, Nov 8 2009)
For decades the German philosopher Martin Heidegger has been the subject of passionate debate.
AND
without warning that an ignited rocket can also blow up in someone’s face.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Stratford OS | Judge: Grellinger, Adam
Decisions over the removal act as a litmus test for improving US-Cuba relations
Fox News Latino 13
3-23-13, “US Decision on Cuba Terror-Designation Coming Soon,” Fox News, http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2013/03/23/us-decesion-on-cuba-terror-designation-coming-soon/, accessed 6/27/13, YGS
¶ Havana –  Whether it will usher in a long-stalled detente or slam
AND
Alan Gross, whose detention in 2009 torpedoed hopes of a diplomatic thaw.
4 That’s key to prevent ecological crises in marine habitats
Pinon, Interim Director @ Center for International Energy and Environmental Policy, and Muse, Washington DC-based lawyer experienced in Cuban issues, 10
Jorge R. and Robert L., May 2010, Brookings, “Coping with the Next Oil Spill: Why U.S.-Cuba Environmental Cooperation is Critical,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2010/5/1820oil20spill20cuba20pinon/0518_oil_spill_cuba_pinon, Issue Brief No. 2, p. 1-2, accessed 6-27-13, YGS
As Cuba continues to develop its deepwater oil and ¶ natural gas reserves, the
AND
. waters, but can serve equally as vectors of Cuban spilled oil.
Those ecosystems are key to planetary survival
Romm, Ph.D. in physics from MIT, 9
(Joseph, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Imagine a World without Fish: Deadly ocean acidification — hard to deny, harder to geo-engineer, but not hard to stop — is subject of documentary,” http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2009/09/02/204589/a-sea-change-imagine-a-world-without-fish-ocean-acidification-film/, 6-30-13)
Other continental shelf regions may also be impacted where anthropogenic CO2-enriched water is
AND
parts per million, you put calcification out of business in the oceans.”
Conditional ethics and morality are voting issues, the ethics of the affirmative are unconditional—allowing fear based utilitarian politics to determine the course of our ethics is a process of social separation that culminates in Otherization and the conditions necessary for genocide.  
Bauman 1989 (Zygmunt, Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of Leeds, Modernity and the Holocaust; P. 182-184
Most emphatically, my responsibility is unconditional. It does not depend on prior knowledge
AND
and bureaucratic achievement of modern rational society which made such a separation possible.
The embargo harms innocents.
Hernandez-Truyol 9 — Berta Esperanza Hernandez-Truyol, Professor of Law at the University of Florida, 2009 (“Embargo or Blockade? The Legal and Moral Dimensions of the U.S. Economic Sanctions on Cuba,” Intercultural Human Rights Law Review (4 Intercultural Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 53), Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
However, the impacts of economic sanctions are greater than lack of access to goods
AND
to deliver primary and preventive health care to all of its citizens. n122

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Notre Dame AB | Judge: Hanson, Brock
Their refusal to question the State is political quietism.  Debate is a form of cultural politics useful when it orients us toward reform.  Refusing to take state-based politics seriously abandons it, making fascism inevitable
Giroux 4  (Henry, professor of English and cultural studies at McMaster University in Canada, Policy Futures in Education, Volume 2, Numbers 3 and 4, 2004, “Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism: making the political more pedagogical”, http://www.wwwords.co.uk/pdf/viewpdf.asp?j=pfieandvol=2andissue=3andyear=2004andarticle=5_Giroux_PFIE_2_3-4_webandid=170.140.58.157)
¶ Neo-liberalism has become one of the most pervasive and dangerous ideologies of
AND
, and necessitate alternative visions regarding autonomy and the  possibility of democracy itself.
8. A) The localization of politics falls back into the trap of sovereignty and globalization from above
Dalby, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at Carleton University, 2000 Simon, Environment, Culture, and Resistance, p. 15
¶ This theme of the connections between specific political struggles, ones that may have
AND
appropriate the resources from the "local" community in the first place.
b) globalization, when harnessed with international communities of resistance, erodes the sovereign perogative of the most barbaric wars in history
Kaldor, Reader in Contemporary European Studies at the University of Sussex, 1998 Mary, “Reconceptualizing Organized Violence,” Re-imagining Political Community, eds. Archibugi et al, p. 108-109
The optimistic view of current developments is the obsolescence of interstate war. War as
AND
perhaps, the most crucial component of any attempt to theorize transnational democracy.
c) Specifically, globalization from below facilitates anti-nuclearism by checking the nation-state
Falk, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Int’l Law and Practice at Princeton, 1997 Richard, “The Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion and the New Jurisprudence of Global Civil Society,” 7 Transnat'l L. and Contemp. Probs. 333, l/n
A vivid illustration of this new dynamic is provided by the attention given to the
AND
, will not subject the peoples of the world to unacceptable risks. n27
And their criticism Fails- Attempting to “tear down the system” and build something completely new is little more than abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to solve for the modernity/coloniality project is via transformation of exiting democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
¶ The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶

Tournament: TOC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Westminster HH | Judge: Vitz, John
Resolving material suffering like the harms of Coloniality is a prerequisite to self-overcoming in the context of existential suffering
Stark 95 (Barbara, Professor of law @ Hofstra Law, “Urban Despair and Nietzsche’s ‘Eternal Return:’ From the Municipal Rhetoric of Economic Justice to the International Law of Economic Rights,” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 28.2, pg. 207-213)
What if Americans knew that the next thirty years would merely repeat the preceding cycle
AND
that which their precursors never knew was possible."93
The alternative remains entrapped in a Will to Progress that is fundamentally indistinct from the 1AC. This takes out their offense- it is a question of whether you believe the best way to engage the future is to forget suffering or that there is an intrinsic value to affirming life and you should vote aff.
Call 95 (Lewis, Prof of World Hist, Poli Econ and Network Tech @ San Luis Obispo Polytech, “Nietzsche as Critic and Captive of Enlightenment”)
¶ I intend to argue against this interpretation, however. I believe that Nietzsche's
AND
nonetheless a strongly individualistic figure very much in the spirit of the Enlightenment.
No link, resistance born out of double translation and the genealogy of colonialism is not the same as totalizing moral responsibility – instead, we have located ourselves as specific individuals who choose to combat the naturalization of economic engagement. Affirming life does NOT mean being complicit with colonialism.
(David Couzens Hoy, 2004, “David Couzens Hoy is Distinguished Professor of Philosphy Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz.”, Critical Resistance from Poststructuralismto Post-Critique, M.I.T. Press, p.18-29, 6/26/12, K.H.)
In addition to being critical in a positive sense, genealogy is a form of
AND
prevent the affirmative moment from being a moment simply of complicity or conformism.
Our politics is necessary to celebrating life – the alt condemns others to unnecessary suffering
May 05 Todd May, prof at Clemson. “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy and Social Criticism 2005 Vol 31 nos 5–6
To change the world and to celebrate life. This, as the theologian Harvey
AND
who would be more than willing to take your world up for you.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic MT | Judge: Leonardi, Christopher
Specifically, state terror is used as a tool to promote the neo-liberal agenda.
Blakely, Lecturer in International relations @ University of Kent, 2009 (Ruth, State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South)
Overview of the chapters¶ In Chapter 2 I provide a conceptualisation of state terrorism
AND
by allied forces during the¶ Second World War also constituted state terrorism.
Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours, or to “Win the Debate” by proving their epistemology is the one true and correct methodology are attempts to re-inscribe the colonial logic of objectivity without parenthesis. All of their link arguments stem from the fact that their epistemology is superior to ours which ultimately only serves to reinscribe colonial epistemologies upon the debate space.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument Iand#39;m working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism.and#34;
The Perm solves better than the alternative alone. Accepting truth in parenthesis allows one to see many decolonial options, our attempt to incorporate nodes of resistance that have been silenced by Imperialism by being labeled as terrorists or state sponsors of terror allows decolonial thinking to emerge.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
Decolonizing Western epistemology means to strip it out of the pretense¶ that it is
AND
thinking marks indeed¶ the final limits of global linear thinking and doing.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Skyview FR | Judge: Duncan, Sherry
Neolib promotes environmental sustainability, policies and less pollution
Griswold 1 --- (Daniel Griswold is director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies, masters in economics from the London School of Economics, August 2, 2001, “Trade, Labor, and the Environment How Blue and Green Sanctions Threaten Higher Standards,” http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/pas/tpa-015b.pdf)
Expanding trade is not merely compatible with high standards of environmental quality but can lead
AND
sectors to light manufacturing ones (at least at middle income levels).” ¶
Removing the embargo is anti-neoliberal, it is a negative USFG action
Ba?ez 4 --- (Antonia Báez Ph.D. is a professor of sociology at the University of Puerto Rico, 2004, “State Resistance to Globalisation in Cuba,” Pluto Press, pg. 112-114)
In 1995, the Cuban parliament passed the New Law on Foreign Investment, which
AND
their lobby groups only support the embargo with capital and intellectual back up.¶
Perm do the plan and reject neolib, it makes sense, Cuba’s government can control the terms of foreign investment
Feinberg 12 --- (Richard E. Feinberg is a professor of international political economy at the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego, he is also the book reviewer for the Western Hemisphere section of Foreign Affairs magazine, December 2012, “The New Cuban¶ Economy What Roles for Foreign Investment?,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/12/cuba20economy20feinberg/cuba20economy20feinberg209.pdf)
All seven case studies claim successful, profitable operations. Yet all find it challenging
AND
labor tax is patently inconsistent with the Cuban insistence on export performance requirements.
Neolib is inevitable and the alt fails, movements are getting smothered out of existence
Jones 11 --- (Owen Jones has a Masters from Oxford, was named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, 2011, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing," The Independent, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html)
My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001
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of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose.¶
No uniqueness, we are living in the most peaceful times
Fettweis 11 --- (Christopher Fettweis is a professor of political science at Tulane University, 2011, “Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace,” pg. 85-86)
The evidence supports the latter. Major wars tend to be rather memorable, so
AND
that the rules by which international politics are run may indeed be changing.¶

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: Green Valley BH | Judge: McKinney, Claire
The alternative means death for the poor – it remains embedded within a system of racist politics that obfuscates our obligation to the excluded.
Stark 95 (Barbara, Professor of law @ Hofstra Law, “Urban Despair and Nietzsche’s ‘Eternal Return:’ From the Municipal Rhetoric of Economic Justice to the International Law of Economic Rights,” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 28.2, pg. 207-213)
What if Americans knew that the next thirty years would merely repeat the preceding cycle
AND
that which their precursors never knew was possible."93
Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours, or to “Win the Debate” by proving their epistemology is the one true and correct methodology are attempts to re-inscribe the colonial logic of objectivity without parenthesis. All of their link arguments stem from the fact that their epistemology is superior to ours which ultimately only serves to reinscribe colonial epistemologies upon the debate space.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism.
The Perm solves better than the alternative alone. Accepting truth in parenthesis allows one to see many decolonial options, our attempt to incorporate nodes of resistance that have been silenced by Imperialism by being labeled as terrorists or state sponsors of terror allows decolonial thinking to emerge.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
Decolonizing Western epistemology means to strip it out of the pretense¶ that it is
AND
thinking marks indeed¶ the final limits of global linear thinking and doing.
The alternative is abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Suffering may be prevalent but it’s not natural or necessary.  
Schutte, ’84 (Professor of philosophy at the University of South Florida, PhD from Yale, Beyond Nihilism: Nietzsche Without Masks, p. 102-3)
One cannot deny that there are conditions of domination in human reality. There is
AND
will-to-power theory from a fixation upon willing as commanding.
No link- . Responsibility born out of genealogy is not the same as totalizing moral responsibility – instead, we have located ourselves as specific individuals who choose to combat the naturalization of an ahistorical narrative on transportation. Affirming life does NOT mean accepting the world as is.
(David Couzens Hoy, 2004, “David Couzens Hoy is Distinguished Professor of Philosphy Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz.”, Critical Resistance from Poststructuralismto Post-Critique, M.I.T. Press, p.18-29, 6/26/12, K.H.)
In addition to being critical in a positive sense, genealogy is a form of
AND
prevent the affirmative moment from being a moment simply of complicity or conformism.
The compassion entailed in the affirmative is necessary to even those above good and evil- it’s key to creativity.
Michael L. Frazer, Dept. of Government at Harvard, 2006 “The Compassion of Zarathustra: Nietzsche on Sympathy and Strength,” The Review of Politics 68
This conventional interpretation of the close of Nietzsche’s epic, however, is surely incorrect
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value-creation), the experience of compassion is nothing to be regretted.
A totalizing rejection of morality is just as problematic as a universal affirmation- the ability to say Yes to morality in some circumstances gives us access to more perspectives- both are tools through which to look at the world- what McFarlane says is an essential component of any action.
Nehamas 98 (Alexander, Professor of Philosophy @ Princeton U, Nietzsche and Politics, Edited by Jacqueline Scott, “Nietzsche and ‘Hitler’”, pgs. 13-15)
Nietzsche considered morality dangerous because it attempts to impose the same code of behavior on
AND
-and-thus as a merit. (GM 1:13)
The alternative remains entrapped in a Will to Progress that is fundamentally indistinct from the 1AC. This takes out their offense- it is a question of whether you believe the best way to engage the future is to Insert Alternative or that there is an intrinsic value to human life and you should vote aff.
Call 95 (Lewis, Prof of World Hist, Poli Econ and Network Tech @ San Luis Obispo Polytech, “Nietzsche as Critic and Captive of Enlightenment”)
I intend to argue against this interpretation, however. I believe that Nietzsche's antihumanistic
AND
nonetheless a strongly individualistic figure very much in the spirit of the Enlightenment.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Groves OR | Judge: Duff, Erica
The counterplan fails, attempting to “tear down the system” and build something completely new is little more than abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Institutions Critical scholars must engage in political institutions in order to prevent orthodox studies from having a monopoly on policymaking.
Smyth, Director of the Centre for the Study of Radicalisalion and Contemporary Political Violence, 9
(Marie Breen, edited by Richard Jackson, Critical Terrorism Studies: A New Research Agenda _{p.213-4, AS)
Although critical scholars may wish to distance themselves from certain¶ aspects of government policy
AND
These are the contributions critical scholars¶ can make to ‘solving’ terrorism.}

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown Day KW | Judge: Zavell, Alex
Their refusal to question the State is political quietism.  Debate is a form of cultural politics useful when it orients us toward reform.  Refusing to take state-based politics seriously abandons it, making fascism inevitable
Giroux 4  (Henry, professor of English and cultural studies at McMaster University in Canada, Policy Futures in Education, Volume 2, Numbers 3 and 4, 2004, “Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism: making the political more pedagogical”, http://www.wwwords.co.uk/pdf/viewpdf.asp?j=pfieandvol=2andissue=3andyear=2004andarticle=5_Giroux_PFIE_2_3-4_webandid=170.140.58.157)
Neo-liberalism has become one of the most pervasive and dangerous ideologies of the
AND
, and necessitate alternative visions regarding autonomy and the possibility of democracy itself.
A) The localization of politics falls back into the trap of sovereignty and globalization from above
Dalby, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at Carleton University, 2000 Simon, Environment, Culture, and Resistance, p. 15
This theme of the connections between specific political struggles, ones that may have little
AND
appropriate the resources from the "local" community in the first place.
b) Globalization, when harnessed with international communities of resistance, erodes the sovereign perogative of the most barbaric wars in history
Kaldor, Reader in Contemporary European Studies at the University of Sussex, 1998 Mary, “Reconceptualizing Organized Violence,” Re-imagining Political Community, eds. Archibugi et al, p. 108-109
The optimistic view of current developments is the obsolescence of interstate war. War as
AND
perhaps, the most crucial component of any attempt to theorize transnational democracy.
c) Specifically, globalization from below facilitates anti-nuclearism by checking the nation-state
Falk, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Int’l Law and Practice at Princeton, 1997 Richard, “The Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion and the New Jurisprudence of Global Civil Society,” 7 Transnat'l L. and Contemp. Probs. 333, l/n
A vivid illustration of this new dynamic is provided by the attention given to the
AND
, will not subject the peoples of the world to unacceptable risks. n27
And their criticism Fails- Attempting to “tear down the system” and build something completely new is little more than abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to solve for the modernity/coloniality project is via transformation of exiting democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 6 | Opponent: PV Peninsula TW | Judge: Barclay, Michael
Coloniality DA – Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours by claiming only their epistemology is true re-inscribes colonial logic into the debate space. That very logic creates the conditions for war, dispossession, occlusion, exclusion, and genocide.
Mignolo 2011 (Walter D., Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism."
Statism DA – institutions are the dominant form of politics, and engaging institutions democratically is the only feasible and truly radical means to transform politics – that’s Stehn. Without the obediential exercise of delegated institutional power the world cannot feasibly be changed. Alternatives are abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Turn-Your Eurocentrism is showing. Only philosophers and thinkers of the west presume a vertical model of solidarity extending only to human life- our model of solidarity extends to all life
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The epistemic and political dimension at stake here has been aptly summarized¶ by another
AND
of indigenous societies, rather than from¶ the history of European societies.
What is wrong with that? Would you say¶ that thinking from the history
AND
and doing is the task of¶ border epistemology and the decolonial option.¶

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Brennan, Eli
Vote counts are irrelevant- Boehner won’t bring it up.
HuffPost Oct 17 (“Obama To House On Immigration: If You Have Ideas, 'Let's Hear Them'”
Obama and immigration reform advocates have insisted there's still time and the will to pass
AND
path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants -- that have now faded from attention.
 Rep. Raul Labrador (R-Idaho) said Wednesday2 that the government shutdown and debt ceiling fight may have killed immigration reform in the House for good.
 "For us to go to a negotiation, to the negotiating table with President Obama after what he has done over the last two and a half weeks, I think would be probably a very big mistake," he told The Huffington Post.
2 CIR won’t come up this session – congress will recess first, leaving little time
Herald 10/14
Immigration Reform put on back burner” 10/14/2013 http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/article_1a82935e-347b-11e3-bae8-001a4bcf6878.html
Rep. Filemon Vela, a Democrat from Brownsville, said while there appears to
AND
situations, the more likely it is we’re able to address immigration reform.”
3 Republicans will not let Obama use his political capital to walk over them
Tobin 10/17 (Jonathan S. Tobin, October 17, 2013, “Can the Obama Revival Succeed?“ http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2013/10/17/can-the-obama-revival-succeed-shutdown/)
It bears repeating that had Senators Ted Cruz and Mike Lee and their friends in
AND
of the Republican Party don’t let Cruz anywhere near the driver’s wheel again.
4 No link country Reports on Terrorism only released once a year in April
US Department of State No date http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/ “Country Reports on Terrorism” No date.
U.S. law requires the Secretary of State to provide Congress, by
AND
report for 2004, it replaced the previously published Patterns of Global Terrorism.
5 Winners Win- Obama got his political capital from doing controversial things and is spending it on both the Farm Bill and immigration reform.
Holland et al 10/17(Steve Holland and Mark Felsenthal, WASHINGTON, Thu Oct 17, 2013 “Crisis averted, Obama says Americans 'completely fed up' with Washington” http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/17/us-usa-fiscal-obama-idUSBRE99G0R720131017)
President Barack Obama scolded congressional Republicans on Thursday hours after a fiscal crisis was narrowly
AND
and get to work with him on issues critical to improving the economy.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Brennan, Eli
Vote counts are irrelevant- Boehner won’t bring it up.
HuffPost Oct 17 (“Obama To House On Immigration: If You Have Ideas, 'Let's Hear Them'”
Obama and immigration reform advocates have insisted there's still time and the will to pass
AND
path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants -- that have now faded from attention.
 Rep. Raul Labrador (R-Idaho) said Wednesday2 that the government shutdown and debt ceiling fight may have killed immigration reform in the House for good.
 "For us to go to a negotiation, to the negotiating table with President Obama after what he has done over the last two and a half weeks, I think would be probably a very big mistake," he told The Huffington Post.
2 CIR won’t come up this session – congress will recess first, leaving little time
Herald 10/14
Immigration Reform put on back burner” 10/14/2013 http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/article_1a82935e-347b-11e3-bae8-001a4bcf6878.html
Rep. Filemon Vela, a Democrat from Brownsville, said while there appears to
AND
situations, the more likely it is we’re able to address immigration reform.”
Republicans will not let Obama use his political capital to walk over them
Tobin 10/17 (Jonathan S. Tobin, October 17, 2013, “Can the Obama Revival Succeed?“ http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2013/10/17/can-the-obama-revival-succeed-shutdown/)
It bears repeating that had Senators Ted Cruz and Mike Lee and their friends in
AND
of the Republican Party don’t let Cruz anywhere near the driver’s wheel again.
4 No link country Reports on Terrorism only released once a year in April
US Department of State No date http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/ “Country Reports on Terrorism” No date.
U.S. law requires the Secretary of State to provide Congress, by
AND
report for 2004, it replaced the previously published Patterns of Global Terrorism.
5 Winners Win- Obama got his political capital from doing controversial things and is spending it on both the Farm Bill and immigration reform.
Holland et al 10/17(Steve Holland and Mark Felsenthal, WASHINGTON, Thu Oct 17, 2013 “Crisis averted, Obama says Americans 'completely fed up' with Washington” http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/17/us-usa-fiscal-obama-idUSBRE99G0R720131017)
President Barack Obama scolded congressional Republicans on Thursday hours after a fiscal crisis was narrowly
AND
and get to work with him on issues critical to improving the economy.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Skyview FR | Judge: Duncan, Sherry
Turn- Positive Peace Justifies human violence by stopping rational priorities among peace objectives
Maley 85 (William, The University of New South Wales at Duntroon, “Peace, Needs and Utopia”, Political Studies, XXXIIl, 578-591, Political Studies)
¶ The normative dimension of Galtung's notion of positive peace is clear. However,
AND
access of all persons to the where withal that will meet their essential needs
Perm solves? peace and violence are coexistent parts of life, making the maintenance of human rights and social services possible
Kemp 3 (Graham, Associate Professor at Chalmers University of Technology, “Keeping the Peace: Conflict Resolution and Peaceful Studies around the World”, October 2003, p. 14-15, AD: 7-11-9)
The thesis that violence coexists with peace can be illustrated in reference to Colombia,
AND
, together with many other social entities, wave the fabric of life.
Reps and epistemology can’t be fully settled
Cochran 99 Molly Cochran Assistant Professor of International Affairs @ Georgia Institute for Technology, Normative Theory in International Relations. 1999, Page 272
To conclude this chapter, while modernist and postmodernist debates continue, while we are
AND
pragmatic critique can be a useful ally to feminist and normative theorists generally.
Access to scientific data is a core benchmark for policy- good data is key to effective political engagement
Rosekind 09 Mark R. Rosekind, Ph.D Kevin B. Gregory Alertness Solutions The Moebus Aviation Report on "Scientific and Medical Evaluationof Flight Time Limitations": Invalid, Insufficient, and Risky Alertness SolutionsJanuary 2009 ct
¶ While the extensive scientific literature on fatigue has definitively established its role in reducing
AND
should be the lead issue in addressing all of the questions posed.¶ ¶

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Groves OR | Judge: Duff, Erica
Plan drains PC – clout and raw political power
Martinez 13 – Political Science and History major, Deputy Supervisor, Councilman (Tony, “United States Cuba Relations – Why US Cuba Policy Does Not Change: Asymmetrical Absurdity”, US Cuba Politics, http://www.uscubapolitics.com/2013/05/united-states-cuba-relations-why-us.html, May 14, 2013)PN
It’s the perennial chant, “when is U.S. Cuba policy going
AND
back slide to raw political power. Meet the consequences of distorted politics.
Rubio backlash
Hudson 6/3 (John, 6/3/13, “Rubio: Cuba belongs on the ‘state sponsors of terrorism' list,” http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/06/03/rubio_cuba_belongs_on_the_state_sponsor_of_terror_list)//DR. H
In the face of mounting calls to remove Cuba from the State Department's list of
AND
, while nothing has been done to give the Cuban people greater freedoms."
A Resolution authorizing use of force in Syria will pass- 4 Reasons-Classified briefings on Tuesday, Pressure from the White House and State Department, Whip counts aren’t predictive of actual outcomes, and plenty of dems and republicans are still persuadable.
Sargent 9/5(Greg Sargent, writes The Plum Line blog, a reported opinion blog, September 5, “Why House Dems think Syria resolution could still pass” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/09/05/why-house-dems-think-syria-resolution-could-still-pass/)
If you look at the various whip counts floating around on where the House is
AND
from some on the inside is that it still has a decent chance.
Will pass the house- Boehner and Cantor endorsement provides momentum.
Richter and Memoli Sept 5, (“Paul and Michael, Tribune (www.latimes.com) Washington Bureau. “Obama wins backing of 2 top House Republicans on Syria Sep 5, 2013.”
http://www.arcamax.com/currentnews/newsheadlines/s-1384770?fs#gA9Yq6B1eKyH9EU5.99, Accessed 9/6/13).
WASHINGTON -- Key lawmakers from both parties endorsed President Barack Obama's call for a punitive
AND
administration officials are expected to make calls to wavering lawmakers to lobby them.
Full court press with Political Capital and use of classified briefings will overcome poor vote count numbers their evidence assumes.
Reuters Sept 6, (John Whitesides and Richard Cowan. “Obama plans 'full-court press' to sway Congress on Syria.” http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/06/us-syria-crisis-usa-idUSBRE9850VK20130906).
 (Reuters) - President Barack Obama will take his case for military action
AND
in part because they want to see what others are going to do.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Stratford OS | Judge: Grellinger, Adam
A) The localization of politics falls back into the trap of sovereignty and globalization from above
Dalby, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at Carleton University, 2000 Simon, Environment, Culture, and Resistance, p. 15
This theme of the connections between specific political struggles, ones that may have little
AND
appropriate the resources from the "local" community in the first place.
b) Globalization, when harnessed with international communities of resistance, erodes the sovereign perogative of the most barbaric wars in history
Kaldor, Reader in Contemporary European Studies at the University of Sussex, 1998 Mary, “Reconceptualizing Organized Violence,” Re-imagining Political Community, eds. Archibugi et al, p. 108-109
The optimistic view of current developments is the obsolescence of interstate war. War as
AND
perhaps, the most crucial component of any attempt to theorize transnational democracy.
Advocate the plan’s state action as individuals and reject a general reliance on legal discourse

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: La Costa GY | Judge: Lucas-Bolin, Alyssa
Reps and epistemology can’t be fully settled – can and should act with some uncertainty
Cochran 99 Molly Cochran Assistant Professor of International Affairs @ Georgia Institute for Technology, Normative Theory in International Relations. 1999, Page 272
To conclude this chapter, while modernist and postmodernist debates continue, while we are
AND
pragmatic critique can be a useful ally to feminist and normative theorists generally.
Perm – do both.  Security is necessary to critically investigate concrete scenarios to help us avoid destructive effects of national security.
Booth 5 (Ken, Professor of International Politics @ Wales (Abery Stwyth), “Critical Security Studies and World Politics”)
While criticizing various contending theories, and outlining the case for a specific critical theory
AND
heart of the next stage in the growth of critically informed security studies.
Predictions are good – they create interpersonal connections and support global civil society.
Fuyuki Kurasawa, Associate Professor of Sociology at York University in Toronto, Canada, 2004, Constellations Vol 11, No 4, 2004, Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight    http://www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa20Articles/Constellations20Article.pdf cp
Rather than bemoaning the contemporary preeminence of a dystopian imaginary, I am claiming that
AND
in a position to ‘move up’ and become institutionalized via strong publics.
The alternative results in more securitization and intervention
Tara McCormack, 2010, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 127-129)
The following section will briefly raise some questions about the rejection of the old security
AND
the political limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Barstow DN | Judge: Johnson, Paul
Additionally, this state bias masks the forces of domestic terrorism targeting every ethnic, racial, sexual, and class-based divide
Grosscup 2k (Beau, IR Professor at Cal State University, Chico, Terrorism-at-a-Distance: The Imagery That Serves US Power, GLOBAL DIALOGUE; Volume 2, Number 4,  Autumn 2000)
A second method of masking the social reality of domestic terrorism is to dismiss the
AND
and with a behaviour pattern that is best described as “consistently inconsistent”.
Heteronormative conceptions of gendered identity rely on the production of oppositions between feminine and masculine identity – the kritik reifies us-them binaries and only the permutation solves, NOT the alternative
Sage 9 (PhD, Research Associate in Civil and Building Engineering at Loughborough University, ’09 15 MAY 2009, Daniel, “Giant leaps and forgotten steps: NASA and the performance of gender”, Sociological review, Vol. 57, pgs 146–163)
In contrast to a diverse group of feminist theorists, including Simone de Beau
AND
expressions” that are said to be its results’ (p. 41).

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic MT | Judge: Leonardi, Christopher
Faulty logic – moral obligation goes aff
Henderson 08, David R. Henderson, Research fellow with the Hoover Institution and an associate professor of economics in the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School “End the Cuban Embargo”, 2/21/2008, http://antiwar.com/henderson/?articleid=12395 Mollie
The Moral Case for the Embargo Letand#39;s step back and consider the proponentsand#39; case for
AND
not achieve that end, arenand#39;t you morally obligated to reconsider the policy?

The embargo harms innocents.
Hernandez-Truyol 9 — Berta Esperanza Hernandez-Truyol, Professor of Law at the University of Florida, 2009 (“Embargo or Blockade? The Legal and Moral Dimensions of the U.S. Economic Sanctions on Cuba,” Intercultural Human Rights Law Review (4 Intercultural Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 53), Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Lexis-Nexis)
However, the impacts of economic sanctions are greater than lack of access to goods
AND
citizens. . . . It is our expert medical opinion
that the U.S. embargo has caused a significant rise in suffering—and even deaths—in Cuba. . . . A humanitarian catastrophe has been averted only because the Cuban government has maintained a high level of budgetary support for a health care system designed to deliver primary and preventive health care to all of its citizens. n122

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 6 | Opponent: New Trier LO | Judge: Hamrick, Kevin
1 Obama won’t act without congressional support-it would be the end of his presidency.
Franke-Ruta, 9-6 (Garance, The Atlantic “Will Obama Act Alone If Congress Votes No on Using Force in Syria?” http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/print/2013/09/will-obama-act-alone-if-congress-votes-no-on-using-force-in-syria/279420/)
Congress, this call is on you.¶ President Obama does not intend to act
AND
and invest political capital in considering and voting on the question for themselves.

2 No Unilateral Strikes-latest leaks from the White House proves.
Grier, CSM Staff, 9-6 (Peter, “Syria vote: What happens if Obama loses?”, Christian Science Monitor, http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0906/Syria-vote-What-happens-if-Obama-loses)
Asked at his Friday press conference what he would do if Congress votes “no
AND
, nor his intention, to use that authority absent Congress backing him.”

3 Won’t pass the house- vote counts, momentum, lack of political capital.
Walsh Sept 6, (Deirdre, CNN Senior Congressional Producer, “Obama faces steep climb in House on Syria.” http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/06/politics/syria-us-house/?hpt=po_c1, Accessed 9/6/13)
Washington (CNN) -- Even if the Senate backs President Barack Obamaand#39;s call for
AND
or publicly opposed illustrates that Obamaand#39;s political capital in Congress is quite low.

4 No political capital link, executive action is normal means
Thale 5/24, Washington Office of Latin America program director, and Anderson, Senior Associate for Cuba at the Latin America Working Group 5/24/13 (Geoff Thale and Mavis Anderson, 5/24/13, WOLA, “Cuba, the Terrorism Report, and the Terrorist List,” http://www.wola.org/commentary/cuba_the_terrorism_report_and_the_terrorist_list)
Although some aspects of U.S. policy toward Cuba—in particular,
AND
of State Sponsors of Terrorism is one of the most significant of these.

5 Winners win
Hirsh 13 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, and#34;There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital,and#34; National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly
AND
right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
6 PC not key
Millstein 9/4, Seth Millsten, politics writer, and#34;Congress Tussles Over Syrian War Authorization, Passage Uncertainand#34;, Bustle, www.bustle.com/articles/4573-congress-tussles-over-syrian-war-authorization-passage-uncertain Mollie
Meanwhile, senior House leadership in both parties, including Speaker John Boehner and Majority
AND
leadership released an amended version of the resolution that mirrors the Senate version.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Brennan, Eli
C/I: economic engagement provides economic incentives to shape behavior – it can be conditional or unconditional
Haass 2k Richard N. Haass, VP and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, PhD from Oxford University, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies program at Brookings, PhD in Politics from Oxford University, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Survival, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf
The term ‘engagement’ was popularised in the early 1980s amid controversy about the Reagan
AND
are just some of the possible incentives used in the form of engagement.
Aff ground and creativity – explicit QPQs won’t work
Pascual et al 9 Carlos Pascual, VP and Director of Foreign Policy @ Brookings; Vicki Huddleston, Visiting Fellow @ Brookings; Gustavo Arnavat, Attorney at law; Ann Louise Bardach, Author/Journalist at UC Santa Barbara; Dr. Ramon Colás, Co-Director, Center for the Understanding of Cubans of African Descent; Dr. Jorge I. Domínguez, Vice-provost for international Affairs and professor of Mexican and Latin American politics and Economics @ Harvard; Daniel Erikson, Senior Associate for U.S. policy and Director of Caribbean programs at Inter-American Dialogue; Dr. Mark Falcoff, resident Scholar Emeritus @ AEI; Dr. Damián J. Fernández, Provost  and Executive VP at Purchase College; Dr. Andy S. Gomez, Nonresident Senior Fellow at Brookings, Assistant provost at the University of Miami and Senior Fellow at the institute for Cuban and Cuban American Studies; Jesús Gracia, Former Spanish Ambassador to Cuba; Paul Hare, Former British Ambassador to Cuba; Francisco J. (Pepe) Hernández, president, Cuban American National Foundation; Dr. William LeoGrande, Dean, School of public Affairs, American University; Dr. Marifeli pérez-stable, Vice president for Democratic Governance, Inter-American Dialogue; Jorge r. piñón, Energy Fellow, Center for Hemispheric policy, University of Miami; dr. Archibald ritter, Distinguished research professor Emeritus, Department of Economics and Norman paterson School of international Affairs, Carleton University; Andrés rozental, Nonresident Senior Fellow, The Brookings institution, Former Deputy Foreign Minister of Mexico; Carlos saladrigas, Co-Chairman, Cuba Study Group, “CUBA:A New policy of Critical and Constructive Engagement,” April 2009, http://www2.fiu.edu/~ipor/cuba-t/BrookingsCubaReport-English.pdf
Medium-Term Initiatives¶ The second basket of initiatives is distinct from the first
AND
will give the president maximum flexibility in determining how and when to engage.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic MT | Judge: Leonardi, Christopher
1 We meet -~-- Terror list removal is a mechanism of economic engagement -~-- Iraq proves.
Borer 3 Douglas, Associate Professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California ,“Inverse Engagement: Lessons from US-Iraq Relations, 1982-1990,î ¶ published in Parameters: U.S. Army War College Quarterly (Vol. 33, No. 2, Summer 2003), pp. 51-65.
 In March 1982, the U.S. Government officially began engaging Saddam
AND
, after Reaganís ¶ reelection, Washington resumed full diplomatic ties with Baghdad.

2 Counter interpretation: Removal of penalties and invest bans are economic engagement that’s distinct from political engagement
Haass and O’Sullivan 2k -~-- Richard N. Haass, Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, former senior aide to President George Bush, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, 2000 (“Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Survival, Volume 42, Number 2, Summer, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf)
Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of incentives. Economic engagement
AND
are just some of the possible incentives used in the form of engagement.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rowland Hall RF | Judge: Kezios, Roman
1 We meet --- Terror list removal is economic engagement --- Iraq proves.
Borer 3 Douglas, Associate Professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California ,“Inverse Engagement: Lessons from US-Iraq Relations, 1982-1990,î ¶ published in Parameters: U.S. Army War College Quarterly (Vol. 33, No. 2, Summer 2003), pp. 51-65.
 In March 1982, the U.S. Government officially began engaging Saddam
AND
, after Reaganís ¶ reelection, Washington resumed full diplomatic ties with Baghdad.
2 Counter interpretation: Removal of penalties and invest bans are economic engagement that’s distinct from political engagement
Haass and O’Sullivan 2k --- Richard N. Haass, Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, former senior aide to President George Bush, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, 2000 (“Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Survival, Volume 42, Number 2, Summer, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf)
Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of incentives. Economic engagement
AND
are just some of the possible incentives used in the form of engagement.
3. Their author says to err aff on this question – unnecessarily restricting the definition hampers policy analyisis
Resnick 01
Evan, Professor of Political Science, Yeshiva University, Journal of International Affairs. Spring2001, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p551. 16p.
The third trap that has ensnared numerous scholars is the tendency to needlessly circumscribe the
AND
task of evaluating the utility of engagement relative to other policies objectively accurately.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Barstow DN | Judge: Johnson, Paul
Counter-interpretation: Economic Engagement doesn’t have to be government to government IF its unconditional
Haass 00 (Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, policy brief number 61, “Engaging Problem Countries,” June 2000, http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/18245/1/Engaging20Problem20Countries.pdf?1)
The provision of economic incentives to the private sector can also be an effective mode
AND
trade and open markets and the maintenance of good relations to secure them.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Meadows CN | Judge: Brennan, Eli
C/I: economic engagement provides economic incentives to shape behavior – it can be conditional or unconditional
Haass 2k Richard N. Haass, VP and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, PhD from Oxford University, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies program at Brookings, PhD in Politics from Oxford University, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Survival, vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf
The term ‘engagement’ was popularised in the early 1980s amid controversy about the Reagan
AND
are just some of the possible incentives used in the form of engagement.
Aff ground and creativity – explicit QPQs won’t work
Pascual et al 9 Carlos Pascual, VP and Director of Foreign Policy @ Brookings; Vicki Huddleston, Visiting Fellow @ Brookings; Gustavo Arnavat, Attorney at law; Ann Louise Bardach, Author/Journalist at UC Santa Barbara; Dr. Ramon Colás, Co-Director, Center for the Understanding of Cubans of African Descent; Dr. Jorge I. Domínguez, Vice-provost for international Affairs and professor of Mexican and Latin American politics and Economics @ Harvard; Daniel Erikson, Senior Associate for U.S. policy and Director of Caribbean programs at Inter-American Dialogue; Dr. Mark Falcoff, resident Scholar Emeritus @ AEI; Dr. Damián J. Fernández, Provost  and Executive VP at Purchase College; Dr. Andy S. Gomez, Nonresident Senior Fellow at Brookings, Assistant provost at the University of Miami and Senior Fellow at the institute for Cuban and Cuban American Studies; Jesús Gracia, Former Spanish Ambassador to Cuba; Paul Hare, Former British Ambassador to Cuba; Francisco J. (Pepe) Hernández, president, Cuban American National Foundation; Dr. William LeoGrande, Dean, School of public Affairs, American University; Dr. Marifeli pérez-stable, Vice president for Democratic Governance, Inter-American Dialogue; Jorge r. piñón, Energy Fellow, Center for Hemispheric policy, University of Miami; dr. Archibald ritter, Distinguished research professor Emeritus, Department of Economics and Norman paterson School of international Affairs, Carleton University; Andrés rozental, Nonresident Senior Fellow, The Brookings institution, Former Deputy Foreign Minister of Mexico; Carlos saladrigas, Co-Chairman, Cuba Study Group, “CUBA:A New policy of Critical and Constructive Engagement,” April 2009, http://www2.fiu.edu/~ipor/cuba-t/BrookingsCubaReport-English.pdf
Medium-Term Initiatives¶ The second basket of initiatives is distinct from the first
AND
will give the president maximum flexibility in determining how and when to engage.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westminster HL | Judge: Roark, Colin
Perm do both, the debate is over after this card. Taoism says we must embrace the good in both alternatives
Lee 07 (Kwang-Sae Lee, professor of Philosophy at Kent, 07 Two Ways of Perspectivism: Nietzschean and Taoist International Journal for Field-Being, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2007) )
Let us look at Taoism. In Taoism, we find a form of perspectivism
AND
borrow Hans-Georg Moeller’s phrase) is in fact wheeling and conversely.
4 Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours, or to “Win the Debate” by proving their epistemology is the one true and correct methodology are attempts to re-inscribe the colonial logic of objectivity without parenthesis. All of their link arguments stem from the fact that their epistemology is superior to ours which ultimately only serves to reinscribe colonial epistemologies upon the debate space.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism."

Tournament: MBA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Stratford OS | Judge: Grellinger, Adam
The War on Terror fails – it’s ineffective and fundamentally unwinnable
Kelley 10/1 (Michael, Business Insider, CIA Analyst Details The Fundamental Paradox Of The 'War On Terror', 2013, Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/the-paradox-of-the-war-on-terror-2013-10#ixzz2pDONpwjr)
¶ We've been reading University of Pennsylvania Sociologist Dr. Bridget Nolan's dissertation on information
AND
on terror starts at the top and trickles down to individual intelligence analysts.
A) Foreign occupation causes blowback and radicalism – studies prove  
Pape 10 (Robert, professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and founder of the Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism, October 18, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/15/five_zombie_economic_ideas_that_refuse_to_die)
¶ Although no one wants to talk about it, 9/11 is still
AND
in early 2006, and suicide attacks dramatically escalated from this point on.
C) Data proves – we’ll insert these charts into the record of the debate – defer to statistical analysis
Washington’s Blog 10/21 (U.S. “War On Terror” Has INCREASED Terrorism, 2013, http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2013/10/u-s-war-on-terror-has-increased-terrorism.html)
The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)
AND
terror”. This chart shows the number of terror attacks conducted in Iraq:
Afghanistan:
Reject the 1NC’s security representations – the logic of their disadvantage short circuits any potential for critical reflection on the use of force, guaranteeing endless cycles of policy failure and violence. The 1AC solves by re-politicizing the use of force.
Barkawi 13
Tarak Barkawi is Associate Professor in the Department of Politics, New School for Social Research. “Strategy over Security,” 1/23/13 http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/01/2013122122248970461.html
Strategy' has an old fashioned, militaristic ring to it, like the Germans are
AND
debate about the relationship between armed force and political values

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: Dowling Catholic WZ | Judge: Schirmer, Abby
Literally no link, we don't lift the relevant sanctions
Hufbauer et al. 1 (Gary Clyde, Reginald Jones Senior Fellow, Jeffrey J. Schott, senior fellow, is the author of Prospects for Free Trade in the Americas (2001), Barbara Oegg, research assistant, all from Peterson Institute for International Economics, “Using Sanctions to Fight Terrorism,” November 2001, http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/print.cfm?ResearchId=79anddoc=pub)
Naming a country on the terrorism list triggers a series of economic sanctions under different
AND
Generalized System of Preferences (GSP, under the Trade Act of 1974)

Framing the economy as a security priority makes it a tool of geopolitical dominance.
Higgott 3 Richard, Professor in the Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation at the University of Warwick, CSGR Working Paper No. 124/03, September, “American Unilateralism, Foreign Economic Policy and the ‘Securitisation’ of Globalisation,” http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1997/1/WRAP_Higgott_wp12403.pdf
The ascendancy of the unilateral idealists and the securitisation of US globalisation policies—that
AND
it is worth offering a brief insight into the other elements of policy.
The majority of Vietnamese rice does not go to Cuba and prices are low.  
Vietnam Plus 13
6/7, “Vietnam to export 7.5 mln tonnes of rice”, http://en.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Vietnam-to-export-75-mln-tonnes-of-rice/20137/36447.vnplus, accessed 7/10/13, CC
It was also reported that the country’s accumulative amount
AND
410 USD per tonne in January to 365 USD per tonne now.
Vietnam rice prices are dropping and the plan doesn’t affect their key markets.
Black Sea Grain 13
July 1, Black Sea Grain – agricultural magazine, “Vietnam exports over 3.5 million tons of rice in H1”, http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-bsg/vietnam-exports-over-3.5-million-tons-of-rice-in-h1, accessed 7/10/13, CC
Vietnam exported over 3.5 million tons of rice in the first six months
AND
(6.6 percent) and Singapore (5.2 percent).

Internal link’s inevitable- Vietnam’s economy is so weak anything could push it over the edge.
RTT News, 7-12
2013, RTT News, “Vietnam's Economic Growth To Remain Weak In Long-Term: World Bank”, http://www.rttnews.com/2149879/vietnam-s-economic-growth-to-remain-weak-in-long-term-world-bank.aspx, accessed 7-12-13, GSK
The Vietnamese economy is set to record weaker growth this year and the next,
AND
country's banking sector is not in accordance with standard norms, it said.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 6 | Opponent: Boise High ML | Judge: Stone, Chris
Should means “ought”
American Heritage Dictionary 10 “should,” date last modified, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should

1. simple past tense of shall. 2.(used to express condition): Were he to arrive, I should be pleased. 3. must; ought (used to indicate duty, propriety, or expediency): You should not do that.
   Resolved is before the colon and not in the plan
   Webster’s 2k (Guide to Grammar and Writing, http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm)
   Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a
   AND
   the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.
   3 Links to Politics – Executive orders erode political capital
   Eberly, 1/21/13
   Todd, Assistant Professor of Political Science and Coordinator of Public Policy Studies St. Mary's College of Maryland, Baltimore Sun, “The presidential power trap”, http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/bs-ed-political-capital-20130121,0,1947745.story, BJM
   Faced with obstacles to successful leadership, recent presidents have come to rely more on
   AND
   power assertions typically elicit close media scrutiny and often further erode political capital.
   4 P – do the plan as a result of the CP
   We don’t sever immediacy
   Online Plain T  Ext English Dictionary ‘9 (http://www.onelook.com/?other=web1913andw=Resolve)
   Resolve: “To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine after reflection; as, to resolve on a better course of life.”
   5 Congressional backlash to executive orders weakens the president
   Posner 2K Michael, Professor Emeritus at the University of Oregon and Adjunct Professor at the Weill Medical College in New York “Blocking the Presidential Power Play” National Journal, Jan 1, http://www.nationaljournal.com/njmagazine/nj_20000101_15.php
   ¶ Some legal experts counsel Congress to be careful not to usurp legitimate presidential power
   AND
   temptation to pursue more sweeping, more draconian, and more questionable responses."
   6 Double Bind- Either XO doesn’t happen or XO happens and doesn’t solve
   Curtain, ’08 June 2008, Joseph Curtain is Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy
   B.A., The George Washington University, 1995, “ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REASONS WHY THE U.S. SHOULD
   NORMALIZE RELATIONS WITH CUBA”, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA483591
   The thesis also shows how China, Venezuela and Iran continue to invest more money
   AND
   enough to serve as a catalyst for a change to democracy in Cuba.
   7 CP Doesn’t Solve – single executive orders don’t spillover
   Kreider 6 Dr. Kyle L. Kreider, Assistant Professor of Political Sciences at the Political Science Department, Wilkes University June 2006 http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/warber0606.htm
   A part of the strategic environment surrounding executive orders is what Congress is likely to
   AND
   or revise executive orders and the federal courts’ authority to decide upon their constitutionality
   CP will be rolled back -
   a. The Courts
   Cooper 2 Phillip, Professor of Public Administration @ Portland State University, By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action” pg..77
   Despite the apparent deference by the judiciary to the president's orders, this chapter has
   AND
   the validity of orders and with addressing the consequences of admittedly legitimate decrees.
   b. Future Presidents
   Cooper 97 Phillip, Professor of Poli Sci @ University of Vermont, Administration and Society, Lexis
   Even if they serve temporary goals, executive orders can produce a significant amount of
   AND
   a much weaker foundation on which to build a policy than the alternatives.
   2. Perm do both—can’t solve perception on his own
   Cooper 97 Phillip, Professor of Poli Sci @ University of Vermont, Administration and Society, Lexis
   Even if they serve temporary goals, executive orders can produce a significant amount of
   AND
   a much weaker foundation on which to build a policy than the alternatives.¶

Tournament: MBA | Round: 3 | Opponent: River Hill DD | Judge: Whisenhunt, Toby
My Narrative: I have found reading the critical terror studies very rewarding. At the beginning of the year I wanted to read a big stick affirmative. I wanted to defend US hegemony and I wanted to defend economy impacts. After I began reading into the CTS literature, I began to prefer reading affirmatives that interrogated the politics and existing hegemonic power structures that we are surrounded by. I never thought that I would discover that state terror has killed 200 million people in the 20th century alone whereas a few hundred die from terrorism from below. I never thought that I would discover that a state department terror list that seemed benign was in fact heavily politicized. I never thought that I would approach the resolution in this new way. I never though that Jacob and I would advocate that we shouldn't talk about how we increase financial flows and trade with Cuba and how we solve for oil spills but rather that we should talk about how Cuba is a very specific instance that has allowed the US to maintain hypocrisy and that the US shouldn't economically engage this country. I guess in a way that makes us outsiders too. I never thought that I would discover that we could engage in pluraversal ways of knowing and learning. In this way, I have discovered that debate is also a space where we can be transformed and our worldviews can change. Yes debate is an academic activity and we are surround by teachers like my coach John Hines or the judge in the back of the room who will educate all of us at the end of the debate round. This is why I believe in the epistemology that Jacob and I read in the 1AC. I wish to operate from within an analectic framework where I can have a reverent attitude towards alterity and outsiders. This is empathic solidarity. It is an epistemology in parentheses where we reject the notion of a single idealized objectivity and develop a variety of coexisting conceptual frameworks, especially in the world that the 1NC was not a rejection of the 1AC.

Me and Jacobs affirmative endorses that we should interrogate state terror which is used as a tool to promote the neo-liberal agenda.
Blakely, Lecturer in International relations @ University of Kent, 2009 (Ruth, State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South)
Overview of the chapters¶ In Chapter 2 I provide a conceptualisation of state terrorism
AND
by allied forces during the¶ Second World War also constituted state terrorism.
Coloniality DA – Any claims to the mutual exclusivity of their description of the world and ours by claiming only their epistemology is true re-inscribes colonial logic into the debate space. That very logic creates the conditions for war, dispossession, occlusion, exclusion, and genocide.
Mignolo 2011 (Walter D., Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
The argument I'm working on builds on the distinction already mentioned¶ above, made
AND
become aware of the regional and limited scope of liberal political¶ pluralism."
The Perm solves better than the alternative alone. Accepting truth in parenthesis allows one to see many decolonial options, our attempt to incorporate nodes of resistance that have been silenced by Imperialism by being labeled as terrorists or state sponsors of terror allows decolonial thinking to emerge.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
Decolonizing Western epistemology means to strip it out of the pretense¶ that it is
AND
thinking marks indeed¶ the final limits of global linear thinking and doing.
Statism DA – institutions are the dominant form of politics, and engaging institutions democratically is the only feasible and truly radical means to transform politics – that’s Stehn. Without the obediential exercise of delegated institutional power the world cannot feasibly be changed. Alternatives are abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism. The best way to change the world is via transformation of existing democratic institutions.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)
The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶
Our alternative is a vision of debate that connects argument to instrumental politics.  We know fiat isn’t real but a connection to political advocacy is key to engaging the public.  Use the ballot to reject their insular approach that forgoes meaningful political advocacy.
Giroux, 04  (Henry, professor of English and cultural studies at McMaster University in Canada, Policy Futures in Education, Volume 2, Numbers 3 and 4, 2004, “Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism:
making the political more pedagogical”, http://www.wwwords.co.uk/pdf/viewpdf.asp?j=pfieandvol=2andissue=3andyear=2004andarticle=5_Giroux_PFIE_2_3-4_webandid=170.140.58.157)
¶ By linking education to the project of an unrealized democracy, cultural studies theorists
AND
hope in  dark times through new forms of global protests and collective resistance.
Ext-Coloniality DA -To argue that their approach is the ONLY APPROACH is the very colonial-neo-liberal epistemology their link and impact arguments indict. Any argument for the mutual exclusivity of their approach turns them in to the new vanguard reinscribing a new colonial order.
Mignolo, Argentine semiotician and professor at Duke University, 2011 (Walter D., The Darker Side of Western Modernity: global futures, decolonial options)
I do not see decoloniality and postcoloniality campaigning for election¶ to win the voting
AND
coloniality and not looking for¶ alternative modernities but for alternatives to modernity.
Cuba will say no to more trade
Suchlicki 09, Jaime Suchlicki, Professor and Director, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, University of Miami. He is the author of Cuba: From Columbus to Castro, now in its fifth edition; Mexico: From Montezuma to NAFTA, now in its second edition and the recently published Breve Historia de Cuba. 7/23/09, " Negotiating with Cuba"  An Information Service of the Cuba Transition Project Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies University of Miami, ctp.iccas.miami.edu/FOCUS_Web/Issue110.htm Mollie
From Cuba’s point of view, the U.S. has little to offer
AND
, are provided with no conditions. These regimes demand little from Cuba.