Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Octas | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Gonzalez, Pipkin, Quinn
1
Immigration reform has been delayed but will pass later this year – the aff pushes it off the agenda and into 2014 which derails the deal
Shear and Preston 9-8
(*MICHAEL D. SHEAR, a White House correspondent for The New York Times, JULIA PRESTON, member of The New York Times team that won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for reporting on international affairs, became a national correspondent covering immigration for The Times in April 2006.“Immigration Reform Falls to the Back of the Line” September 8, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/09/us/politics/immigration-reform-falls-to-the-back-of-the-line.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, KB)

Congress is likely to postpone consideration of an immigration overhaul until the end of the
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get this done when the pressure is so great they have to act.”

Visas are key to cybersecurity preparedness
McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html)
We have seen, when you look at the table of the top 20 firms that are H1-B visa requestors, at least 15 of those
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our security needs.

Cyber-vulnerability causes great power nuclear war
Fritz 9 Researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament Jason, researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July,  http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf
This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear weapons.
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compromising command and control centres directly.

2
The only thing stopping Saudi Arabia from getting the bomb is a strong U.S. Security commitment—oil perceptions are key
Rogers 3/20
2013 – Will Rogers is the Bacevich Fellow at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS). At CNAS, Mr. Rogers’ research focus is on science, technology and national security policy. He has authored or co-authored a range of publications on energy, climate change, environmental cooperation in Asia and cybersecurity, “America Committed to Gulf Security Despite Changing Relationship with Region's Oil, says Gen. Dempsey,” Center for New American Security, 2013, http://www.cnas.org/blogs/naturalsecurity/2013/03/america-committed-gulf-security-despite-changing-relationship-regions-

America’s relationship with the Middle East’s energy resources is changing as U.S.
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- will have to be managed carefully. What a tightrope to walk.
Cuban production trades-off with US- Mid-East oil ties
Alhaiji and Maris ‘4
Dr. A. F. Alhajji is an energy economist and George Patton Chair of Business and Economics at the College of Business Administration at Ohio Northern, Terry L. Maris is the founding executive director of the Center for Cuban. Business Studies and professor of management, “The Future of Cuba’s Energy Sector,” Cuba Today, 2004, http://web.gc.cuny.edu/dept/bildn/publications/cubatodaybookcomplete.pdf#page=105

The current economic, political, and social trends in Cuba indicate that¶ energy
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the US and other oil producing countries, especially in the Middle East.

Saudi prolif causes nuclear war.
Edelman ‘11
(Eric –Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments and Former U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67162/eric-s-edelman-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr-and-evan-braden-montgomer/the-dangers-of-a-nuclear-iran)
There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant outside support
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Middle East could lead to a new Great Game, with unpredictable consequences.

3
A. Interpretation—Plan mandates should be clear, certain and immediate.
Resolved is to make a firm decision about
AHD 6 (American Heritage Dictionary, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolved)
Resolve TRANSITIVE VERB:1. To make a firm decision about. 2. To cause (a person) to reach a decision. See  synonyms at decide. 3. To decide or express by formal vote. 

4
Movements in Latin America are successfully producing alternatives to global neoliberalism – the plan’s economic imposition crushes these spaces of resistance, reducing the globe to a single, monocultural economic model and leads to environmental destabilization, instability, and rampant poverty.
Vattimo and Zabala 11
(Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)

The “Bolivarian Revolution” is Chavez’s commitment to twenty first- century socialism.”
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and democratic model is again summoning the specter of communism throughout the world."
The alternative – the judge should vote negative to reject neoliberal knowledge production and endorse globalization from below
Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements
Choi, Murphy, and Caro 4
Jung Min, John W, Manuel J, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9

Many critics have begun to wonder why hamburgers and jeans can be globalized, but
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less alienating ways? With little left to why not pursue alternative visions?

5
CP Text: The United States Secretary of State should remove Cuba from the State Sponsors of Terror List.
Removing Cuba from the terror list is sufficient to reset trade relations without a full embargo lift.
Sweig and Bustamente, Sr Fellow, Latin America Studies@ CFR and Ph.D. candidate, Latin American history-Yale University, 2013 (Julia and Michael; “Cuba After Communism,” Foreign Affairs. Jul/Aug 2013, Vol. 92 Issue 4, p101-114;
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueanddb=aphandAN=88213870andsite=ehost-liveandscope=site Date accessed 7/13/13)

As the migration issue shows, Cuba's economic and political predicaments cannot be appreciated in
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people and U.S. national interests would benefit as a result.
Ag
Banco del Sur solves your aff and avoids neoliberalism- allows unconditioned microloans.
Bloomberg 2007, (“South American Countries Agree to Found Banco Del Sur.” Oct. 8, 2007. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchiveandsid=aTCCDSFNqrzY)
Oct. 8 (Bloomberg) -- Seven South American countries agreed to establish Banco
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institutions such as Brazil's state development bank BNDES and the Corporacion Andina de Fomento

The Cuban Embargo is leading to sustainable, GMO and pesticide free agriculture now—potential for global spillover  
Aguilar, PhD., Agro-ecologist, 2009
Fernando Funes, 5/24/09, Food First- institute for Food and Development Policy, “Transgenic Food Production in Cuba; The Need for a Participatory and Serious Debate”, http://www.foodfirst.org/en/node/2451, Accessed: 7/1/13, PR
Evidence and recent history show that no other country has had the opportunity that Cuba
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sustainable future for the production of food and for the appreciation of Cuban agriculture
No risk of resources wars – Studies are flawed and economic scarcity is overstated.
Dan Deudney 99, Ass. Prof. of Political Sci. at Johns Hopkins, Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics, Eds. Deudney and Matthews p 205-6

The hypothesis that states will begin fighting each other as natural resources are depleted and
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to the benefit of Third World raw material suppliers, prices have fallen.

Market adjustments solve the internal link.
National Post 4/26/2008 (Canada, aka Financial Post, National Edition, “Don’t Panic,” Lexis-Nexis, EA)

The trouble with doom-and-gloom predictions -- whether they be about oil
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blunt the economic shocks that even the most prosperous nations must inevitably face. 

Global inequalities make resource conflicts inevitable
Sharp 07 Military Policy Analyst at Center for Arms Control and non-Proliferation (Travis, Published in Peace Review 19:3, 7-9/2007, 323-330, “Resource Conflict in the Twenty-Frist Century,” http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/resource_conflict_twenty_first_century/, EA)

The combination of rising resource consumption and unpredictable population growth is liable to exacerbate conflicts
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fundamental assumptions about resource conflict that need to be considered in more detail.
Environment has small if any impact on conflicts – Prefer this evidence. It indicts their authors and has empirical data.
Jack Goldstone 02, prof. of public policy, George Mason, Population and Security: How Demographic Change Can Lead to Violent Conflict, Journal of International Affairs, Fall2002, Vol. 56 Ebsco

Homer-Dixon provoked a great deal of controversy and concern with his claim that
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in international trade, no direct impact of environmental variables could be found.
Scientists exaggerate warming impacts and manipulate their studies to receive research funding.
Michaels 04 Senior Fellow in Environmental Studies at the Cato Institute and Professor of Environmental Science at the University of Virginia Patrick J., “Is Global Warming Always Bad?” Apple Daily. November 7 http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=2872

Perhaps because there's little incentive for scientists to do anything but emphasize the negative and
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his or her particular issue might not be such a problem after all.

Multilat
Multilateralism is merely a portion of ‘full scale dominance’ that bolsters heg.
Hardt and Negri 04 (*Michael, Professor of Literature and Italian, Duke University, Ph.D in Comparative Literature, University of Washington, and *Antonio, Former professor in State Theory, Padua University, Multitude, 51-3, jbh)
The technological advantage of the U.S. military not only raises social and
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using a full spectrum of counterinsurgency strategies in a low-intensity conflict.  

Multilateralism is merely a new form of US hegemony- makes the US a network power.
Hardt and Negri 04 (*Michael, Professor of Literature and Italian, Duke University, Ph.D in Comparative Literature, University of Washington, and *Antonio, Former professor in State Theory, Padua University, Multitude, 61-2, jbh)
The necessity of the network form of power thus makes moot the debates over unilateralism
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in which network forces of imperial order face network enemies on all sides. 

Transition
US pressure key to avoid Cuban factionalism
Cuba Study Group 06, The Cuba Study Group is a non-profit, non-partisan organization, comprised of Cuban business and community leaders who share a common interest and vision of a free and democratic Cuba. The Group’s goal is to formulate effective, multilateral policy recommendations through thoughtful discussion and critical analysis of ideas that promote and facilitate a peaceful regime change in Cuba and lead to democracy, an open society, a market-based system, respect for human rights and the reunification of the Cuban nation.3/15/06, “Enhancing U.S. policy toward Cuba: Building blocks of a transition”, p.7 http://www.cubastudygroup.org/index.cfm/enhancing-u-s-policy-toward-cuba-building-blocks-for-a-transition Mollie
Perhaps the most fundamental lesson we learned from the last wave of democratic change is
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a variety of policy options, including the possible rupture of diplomatic relations.
Conditional engagement is key to a stable transition
Cuba Study Group 06, The Cuba Study Group is a non-profit, non-partisan organization, comprised of Cuban business and community leaders who share a common interest and vision of a free and democratic Cuba. The Group’s goal is to formulate effective, multilateral policy recommendations through thoughtful discussion and critical analysis of ideas that promote and facilitate a peaceful regime change in Cuba and lead to democracy, an open society, a market-based system, respect for human rights and the reunification of the Cuban nation.3/15/06, “Enhancing U.S. policy toward Cuba: Building blocks of a transition”, p.8 http://www.cubastudygroup.org/index.cfm/enhancing-u-s-policy-toward-cuba-building-blocks-for-a-transition Mollie
The simple passing of Fidel Castro from the Cuban political scene will not alone bring
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Castro altogether and thus prefer to wait for transitional leaders to fully engage).
Nonetheless, we believe there might be a confluence of interests between the U.
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and ensures that changes occur non-violently and in a stable environment.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Greenhill DJ | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin, Christian Bato, Tom Gliniecki
1
Immigration is a priority issue, Obama’s investing his capital and pushing passage
Clift, 10/25 Eleanor, Daily Beast, “ Obama, Congress Get Back to the Immigration Fight”, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/10/25/obama-congress-get-back-to-the-immigration-fight.html, BJM

 After months of relative quiet on the subject of immigration reform, President Obama
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where Republicans once again are on the wrong side of history and demography.    

Plan’s unpopular --- empirics
New 11 (William New, writer for Intellectual Property Watch, October 27, 2011, “Controversial US Bill Targeting “Rogue Websites” Introduced In US Congress,” IP Watch, http://www.ip-watch.org/2011/10/27/controversial-us-bill-targeting-rogue-websites-introduced-on-house-side/)
Legislation giving new powers to the government and copyright holders in the United States to
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introduced earlier this year (IPW, US Policy, 14 October 2011).¶ 

Solves hegemony --- visas key to soft power.
Joseph S. Nye, a former US assistant secretary of defense and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council, is University Professor at Harvard University, 12-10-2012, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s~-~-nye#3lbxO0TM6Q8JpxEA.99

CommentsAs a result, several prominent Republican politicians are now urging their party to reconsider
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long way toward fulfilling his promise to maintain the strength of the US.
Nuclear war
Thayer 6 (Bradley, Professor of Security Studies at Missouri State, The National Interest, “In Defense of Primacy”, November/December, p. 32-37)

A grand strategy based on American primacy means ensuring the United States stays the world's
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strongest academic proponents of American primacy due to the economic prosperity it provides.

2
Economic engagement includes economic aid
Haass and O’Sullivan 2k --- Richard N. Haass, Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, former senior aide to President George Bush, and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution, 2000 (“Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,” Survival, Volume 42, Number 2, Summer, Available Online at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf)
Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of incentives. Economic engagement
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are just some of the possible incentives used in the form of engagement. 

Economic aid means giving money
Dictionary.com No date, "economic aid", dictionary.reference.com/browse/economic+aid Mollie
economic aid
noun
money to support a worthy person or cause
the aff offers technical assistance - That’s a voting issue
Prefer predictable ground over all other impacts because it’s a prerequisite to effective clash or decision making – its only possible under a limited topic
3
China loses in a world of strong IPR
WorldWatch Institute 13, "Chinese Companies Tackling Intellectual Property Rights Issues", www.worldwatch.org/chinese-companies-tackling-intellectual-property-rights-issues Mollie
In September, a Beijing district court ruled that China's top Internet search provider,
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lapse that has hindered foreign investments in China and slowed domestic industrial transformation.
Chinese economic collapse causes WWIII.
Plate 3 (June 30, 2003, Tom Plate - professor of Policy and Communication Studies, “WHY NOT INVADE CHINA?,” http://asiamedia.ucla.edu/TomPlate2003/06302003.htm)

But imagine a China disintegrating- on its own, without neo-conservative or
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. Then you can say hello to World War III, Asia style.

4
Neoliberalism leads to extinction – neoliberalism reduces existence itself to property to be exchanged, producing a drive to a single way of knowing and being – that causes massive structural violence and environmental destruction. They say the plan is better than the status quo because it allows us to exploit Mexican workers with lower labor cost standards – it also is emblematic of the drive for development – we dare them to say no link
Lander ‘2,
(Edgardo, Prof. of Sociology and Latin American studies at the Venezuelan Central University in Caracas, “Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, and the “Natural” Order of Global Capital, Nepantla: Views from South”, 3.2, muse)

Just as resources formerly considered to be commons, or of communal use, were
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intensified, totalitarian monoculture of Eurocentric knowledge only lead to destruction and death.
The alternative – the judge should vote negative to reject neoliberal knowledge production and endorse globalization from below
Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements
Choi, Murphy, and Caro 4
Jung Min, John W, Manuel J, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9

Many critics have begun to wonder why hamburgers and jeans can be globalized, but
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less alienating ways? With little left to why not pursue alternative visions?
5
Text: The United States Federal Government should repeal Section 211 of the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1998.

The Havana Rum case spills over --- it undermines the United States’ ability to uphold IP law globally.
Esper, 3/3/2010 (Hearing of the House Judiciary Committee,
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and Burling LLP, Federal News Service, p. Lexis-Nexis)

MR. ESPER: Well, I think we need to take a look at
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chips away at our ability to credibly make those arguments in multilateral fora.

Repealing Section 211 restores U.S. IP credibility by setting a precedent against trademark abuse.
Pava 2011 (Mindy – Executive Symposium Editor for the Emory International Law Review, J.D. Candidate at Emory University School of Law, The Cuban Conundrum: Proposing an International Trademark Registry for Well-Known Foreign Marks, Emory International Law Review, p. Lexis-Nexis)

With an outright repeal of Section 211, the United States could again prove that
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. businesses because of the substantial profit earned abroad from intellectual property exports.
Cooperation
Biotech not inevitable, even Mexico has banned biotech via GMOs
Robbins 10/25/13 (Ocean Robbins is Ocean Robbins is founder and co-host (with best-selling author John Robbins) of the 85,000+ member Food Revolution Network, “Monsanto's Very Bad Week: Three Big Blows for GMO Food,” http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19632-monsantos-very-bad-week-3-big-blows-for-gmo-food)
It hasn't been a good week for Monsanto and the rest of the biotech industry
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law, would also prohibit biotech companies from operating on the Big Island.¶
There are too many alt causes to drug resistance – foreign drug industries and animal husbandry make it inevitable
Squo Solves TB
WHO 12 World Health Organization (“GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 2012”, 10/17/12, http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/gtbr12_main.pdf)
Progress towards global targets for reductions in ¶ TB cases and deaths continues. The
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. Eleven vaccines to prevent TB are moving ¶ through development stages. ¶

1. Biotechnology risks extinction – broad academic consensus
   ICRC 2002 (INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS, “Appeal on Biotechnology, Weapons and Humanity,” September 25, http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/5eamtt.htm.)
   Yet the warnings of what can go wrong are profoundly disturbing. The ICRC believes
   AND
   is essential that humanity acts together now to prevent the abuse of biotechnology.

2. Turn - Biotech destroys biodiversity
Ho, Meyer, and Cummins No Date (Institute of Science in Society: Mae-Wan, Biology Department, Open University, Hartmut, Working Group on Biodiversity, Forum Environment and Development, Germany, Professor Emeritus of Genetics, University of Western Ontario, London, “The Biotechnology Bubble,” http://www.i-sis.org.uk/bubble3.php.)
Agricultural genetic engineering destroys biodiversity because ecological relationships are ignored.¶ -Broad-spectrum
AND
of biotechnology in food and agriculture. What about human genetics and medicine?

Life sciences education inevitable --- top universities produce sufficient amount of life science experts
3. Biotech doesn’t solve anything – their science is short-sighted and ignores the long term effects of gene manipulation
Ho, Meyer, and Cummins No Date (Institute of Science in Society: Mae-Wan, Biology Department, Open University, Hartmut, Working Group on Biodiversity, Forum Environment and Development, Germany, Professor Emeritus of Genetics, University of Western Ontario, London, “The Biotechnology Bubble,” http://www.i-sis.org.uk/bubble3.php.)
There are many signs of the problems caused in genetic engineering organisms. For every
AND
reveal.(2) The major problem is the instability of transgenic lines.

No risk of XDR TB leading to extinction --- they have no evidence that says it will kill everybody on the planet.
GMO self-policing causes terminator genes
Kerle, Columbia Science and Technology Law Review, ’07 (Clemens, “International IP Protection For GMO – a Biotech Odyssey”, 2007, http://www.stlr.org/html/volume8/kerle.pdf, accessed 7/24/13, JF)
The analysis so far has shown that patents are essential for private innovations in this
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ovide the inventor with more control than any legal means could ever do.
Status quo solves
1) U.S. and Mexican Biotech innovation and development is growing now.
1ac Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)

With so many research institutions, universities, and biotechnology companies located in the U
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of the two countries, as well as the region as a whole.

2) Mexican industry development has increased fivefold over the past decade.
1AC Surpin et al 2k7
(Beni Surpin, Bram Hanono and Joseph Panetta, CEO, Biocom, Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh a bachelor of science degree in biology from LeMoyne College Panetta has been actively involved in biotechnology product development and commercialization for more than 20 years, joined Mycogen Corporation, a pioneering San Diego based biotechnology firm where he played a principal role in commercialization of the first recombinant DNA microbes and crops, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,” pg online @ http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/ ghs-ef)

Historically, the collaborative efforts between the U.S. and Mexico in the
AND
become regional biotech partners and collectively push the biotechnology industry to new levels.

3) Mexico’s history already shows cross-border collaboration.
SDD 2k7 — San Diego Dialogue, a division of University of California San Diego Extension, contributing to the advancement of research, relationships and solutions to the San Diego-Baja California crossborder region's long-term challenges in innovation, economy, health and education. As a part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Division of Extended Studies and Public Programs, the Dialogue is an entirely self-funded public policy organization (San Diego Dialogue, Crossborder Group Inc., June 2007, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” pg online @ http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf ghs-ef)
This document is yet another part of a continuing effort to describe Mexico’s evolution in
AND
new job growth, new discoveries, and a world of borderless biotech.

Their brain drain evidence cites tradition and cultural patterns cuasing brain drain – not IPR
IP
China is adapting now
WorldWatch Institute 13, "Chinese Companies Tackling Intellectual Property Rights Issues", www.worldwatch.org/chinese-companies-tackling-intellectual-property-rights-issues Mollie

According to Minister of Commerce Bo Xilai
AND
and set up research centers and sales networks with the government's assistance.
China says no
WorldWatch Institute 13, "Chinese Companies Tackling Intellectual Property Rights Issues", www.worldwatch.org/chinese-companies-tackling-intellectual-property-rights-issues Mollie
Since China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, Chinese companies have been
AND
in the bio-engineering field, and 90 percent in chemical pharmaceuticals.

North Korean war won’t escalate --- US would quickly shut them down and prevent it from going global --- we have no incentive to escalate.
TPP Solves your whole aff
Sager 12, Carrie Sager, 4/11/12, contributor to info
AND
Law of Canada and Mexico", infojustice.org/archives/9508 Mollie
Currently, Mexico’s term of copyright for sound recordings and performances is generally 75 years
AND
require criminalization of the importation, distribution, or sale of such devices.

USTR Focus on 301 Reports does not undermine U.S. Trade Policy – The Approach doesn’t even lead to an imposition of sanctions
1AC Sutton 2k12
(“Special 301 Report 2012: The USTR’s Bogus List of Countries That "Don't Enforce" Copyrights,” pg online @ https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/05/special-301-report-2012-ustrs-absurd-list-international-disappointments ghs-ef)
The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) released its annual Special
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with Public Knowledge to the USTR this year. It said pdf:

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame CG | Judge: Cade Cottrell
1
Immigration will pass, but Obama’s leverage is key.
Campbell 10/23 (Ryan, Huffington Post. “Immigration and the GOP Post-Shutdown.” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ryan-campbell/immigration-and-the-gop_b_4143075.html).
While it is hard to tell where this is leading, these demonstrations have been
AND
be forced to make concessions which they would not have before the shutdown.
Republicans will lash out against Supreme Court decisions:
Stephen Manual, 2012 (6/28/2012, staff writer, “Will Supreme Court judgment help Obama win presidential election?”  Accessed 7/26/2012 at http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/12483143-will-supreme-court-judgment-help-obama-win-presidential-election, rwg)
Finally, President Barack Obama has carried the day. He stood winner as the
AND
believe the ruling of the Supreme Court can hamper their campaign against Obama.
Increasing green cards generates an effective base of IT experts- solves cybersecurity
McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html) 

We have seen, when you look at the table of the top 20 firms that are H1-B visa requestors, at least 15 of those are IT firms. And as we're seeing across industry, much of the hardware and software that's used in this country is not only manufactured now overseas, but it's developed overseas by scientists and engineers who were educated here in the United States.
We're seeing a lot more activity around cyber-security, certainly noteworthy attacks here
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returning back? This potentially puts us at a competitive disadvantage going forward.
MCLARTY: Yes. And I think your question largely is the answer as well
AND
going to strengthen, I think, our system, our security needs.
Cyberterrorism will cause accidental launch that triggers the Dead Hand and nuclear war
Fritz 9 (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, “Hacking Nuclear Command
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mass DDoS attacks, real world protests, and accusations between governments. 

2

They’re not topical—economic engagement is a long term process of increasing economic contacts and interdependence in multiple-areas to influence the political behavior of a state
Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT
In order to establish a more effective framework for dealing with unsavory regimes, I propose that we define engagement as the attempt to influence the political behavior of a target state through the comprehensive establishment and enhancement of contacts with that state across multiple issue-areas (i.e. diplomatic, military, economic, cultural). The following is a brief list of the specific forms that such contacts might include:
DIPLOMATIC CONTACTS
Extension of diplomatic recognition; normalization of diplomatic relations
Promotion of target-state membership in international institutions and regimes
Summit meetings and other visits by the head of state and other senior government officials of sender state to target state and vice-versa
MILITARY CONTACTS
Visits of senior military officials of the sender state to the target state and vice-versa
Arms transfers
Military aid and cooperation
Military exchange and training programs
Confidence and security-building measures
Intelligence sharing
ECONOMIC CONTACTS
Trade agreements and promotion
Foreign economic and humanitarian aid in the form of loans and/or grants
CULTURAL CONTACTS
Cultural treaties
Inauguration of travel and tourism links
Sport, artistic and academic exchanges (n25)

Prefer our interpretation

A) Precise Limits—they quintuple the topic by melding any type of engagement with economic engagement—even if they have economic components, commercial components make them extra topical—undermines preparedness which kills clash and argument resolution

B) Ground—they bypass most of our offense—we lose disads based on commodity trade and the US extending economic engagement like pink tide, oil, sphere of influence DA’s, and international counterplans—makes negation impossible

C) Default to competing interpretations—objective and limiting—enforceable brightline key
3
Movements in Latin America are successfully producing alternatives to global neoliberalism – the plan’s economic imposition crushes these spaces of resistance, reducing the globe to a single, monocultural economic model --- the impact is extinction
Vattimo and Zabala 11
(Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)

The “Bolivarian Revolution” is Chavez’s commitment to twenty first- century socialism.”
AND
and democratic model is again summoning the specter of communism throughout the world."
The alternative – the judge should vote negative to reject neoliberal knowledge production and endorse globalization from below
Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements
Choi, Murphy, and Caro 4
Jung Min, John W, Manuel J, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9

Many critics have begun to wonder why hamburgers and jeans can be globalized, but
AND
less alienating ways? With little left to why not pursue alternative visions?

4
The conservative nature of the current court is mobilizing liberal counter-movements in the political sphere to create equality now:
Lee A. Daniels, 7/12/2013 (staff writer, “The Supreme Court’s True Colors Ignore “Fairness,” http://baystatebanner.com/news/2013/jul/12/supreme-courts-true-colors-ignore-fairness/, Accessed 7/29/2013, rwg)
The Supreme Court’s conservative faction recently revealed more clearly than ever before its true colors
AND
future of America, blue is a “truer” color than red.
International law will create a fly paper effect for domestic civil rights groups to go to the court:
Martha F. Davis, 2000 (Kate Stoneman Visiting Professor of Law and Democracy, Albany Law Review, 64 Alb. L. Rev. 417, Lexis, Accessed 7/25/2013, rwg)
This change will be much less than the wholesale incorporation of international law that many internationalists have argued for, and which may yet come. Rather, in the near term, the Court will continue to police the limits of its judicial authority insofar as Congress and the Executive have generally deemed the conventions to which the United States is a signatory to be non-self-executing. That is, courts will not override that controversial designation by permitting private rights of action in domestic courts directly under international instruments that have not been independently implemented by Congress. But domestic courts, and particularly the Supreme Court, will begin to view international law in much the same way that social science data was first viewed by courts during the Progressive era - as useful and potentially persuasive authority outside of the narrow framework of precedent. And, like the chicken that precedes the egg, once the courts signal an interest in  *421  international law, domestic civil rights groups will quickly re-allocate resources to follow suit.
Litigation deflects attention from grassroots activism that better solves the case
Van Schaack, 2004 Assistant Prof. of Law @ Santa Clara University School of Law Vanderbilt Law Review, November, 2004, (Beth, 57 Vand. L. Rev. 2305; Lexis, rwg)
Although litigation can provoke and promote other processes of social change, it can also
AND
not part of a campaign at the grassroots level in the targeted country.
5
Immediate economic engagement with the US causes backlash from military and party elites – causes massive instability and progressive and nationalistic reaction
Suchlicki 13, Jaime Suchlicki is director of the Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami. He is author of “Cuba: From Columbus to Castro.", 1/14/13,  "Raúl Castro’s Cuba in 2013", www.miamiherald.com/2013/01/14/3178528/raul-castros-cuba-in-2013.html Mollie
After six years in power, Gen. Raúl Castro is unwilling to chart a
AND
For the past 52 years, political considerations have always dictated economic policies.

Causes civil war ensuring multiple conflicts
Exiles return to try and claim authority
Dissidents try to claim power
US policy encourages anarchy
Also encourages criminal enterprises—floods the US with drugs
Extremist groups use cuba as a base—it’s close enough for an attack to succeed
Regional instability causes state failure throughout the region because it collapses economic growth—causes draw in
Draw in causes worse anti-americanism because it’s perceived as imperialism
Detracts focus—causes instability in the following regions: Iran, North Korea, China/Taiwan, Africa, the Caucuses,  
Gorrell, 5 - Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted for the USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT (Tim, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074  GWOT=Global War on Terrorism

Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?
6
Text: The United States Secretary of State should remove Cuba from the State Sponsors of Terror List.
That solves the aff
Sweig and Bustamente, Sr Fellow, Latin America Studies@ CFR and Ph.D. candidate, Latin American history-Yale University, 2013 (Julia and Michael; “Cuba After Communism,” Foreign Affairs. Jul/Aug 2013, Vol. 92 Issue 4, p101-114;
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueanddb=aphandAN=88213870andsite=ehost-liveandscope=site Date accessed 7/13/13)

As the migration issue shows, Cuba's economic and political predicaments cannot be appreciated in
AND
people and U.S. national interests would benefit as a result.
Ethanol
The Cuban market is liberalizing now  
Frank 7/30, Mark Frank, this article cites Armando Nova, Cuban economist speaking at a conference, 7/30/13, Reuters UK, “Cuba reports little progress five years into agricultural reform”, http://uk.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=UKBRE96T0VK20130730 Mollie
HAVANA (Reuters) - Agriculture in Cuba remains in crisis and the country is
AND
garden vegetables and bananas and plantains has stagnated at around 5 million tonnes.

Cuban ag will never succeed
Frank 7/30, Mark Frank, this article cites Armando Nova, Cuban economist speaking at a conference, 7/30/13, Reuters UK, “Cuba reports little progress five years into agricultural reform”, http://uk.reuters.com/assets/print?aid=UKBRE96T0VK20130730 Mollie
Export crops, from coffee and citrus to tobacco and sugar cane declined over the
AND
the entire production cycle, not just parts of it," Nova said.

Multiple causes for species loss – Plan fails.
Pynn 07 – Journalist for the Vancouver Sun Larry Pynn. “Global warming not biggest threat: expert.” The Vancouver Sun. January 27, 2007. http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=6e2988da-31ab-4697-810d-7a008306d571

The biggest immediate threat to the vast majority of endangered species in Canada is not
AND
as a thriving agricultural industry, including vineyards, and increased urban development. 

I Law
Alternate causes
a. Guantanamo Bay
Bob Strong, 4/5/2013 (staff writer, “UN says US violating international law, calls for closure of Guantanamo,” http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/04/05/17617277-un-says-us-violating-international-law-calls-for-closure-of-guantanamo?lite, Accessed 7/26/2013, rwg)
GENEVA -- The UN human rights chief called on the United States on Friday to
AND
uphold," the UN high commissioner for human rights said in a statement.

b. Drone Strikes
The Guardian, 6/21/2012 (“Drone strikes threaten 50 years of international law, says UN rapporteur,”  http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jun/21/drone-strikes-international-law-un, Accessed 7/26/2013, rwg)
The US policy of using aerial drones to carry out targeted killings presents a major
AND
over the surge in killings by remotely piloted unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Customary international law has long been incorporated by the federal judiciary
Jordan J. Paust, 1999 (Law Foundation Professor, University of Houston Law Center, Michigan Journal of International Law, Winter 1999, 20 Mich. J. Int'l L. 301, Lexis, Accessed 7/22/2013, rwg)
A thorough inquiry into actual patterns of legal expectation documented in numerous federal court opinions
AND
federal court "must decide for itself, uncontrolled by local decisions." n58
NO PRECEDENT:  International law will be cited only when it is ideologically convenient
Bader 9. DC Scotus Examiner Supreme Court Justice's inconsistency on international law http://www.examiner.com/x-7812-DC-SCOTUS-Examiner~y2009m4d13-Supreme-Court-Justices-Hypocrisy-on-International-Law
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg says that American courts should look more to foreign court rulings
AND
damages, even if the government itself doesn’t have to pay a dime.
Move towards customary international law is gradual and sustainable in the status quo
Mark C. Rahdert, 2007 Prof. of Law @ Temple, 56 Am. U.L. Rev. 553, “Comparative Constitutional Advocacy,”

The American tradition of legal and constitutional isolation is slowly breaking down and will continue
AND
more extensive knowledge and use of foreign legal decisions in American courts. ?

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westminster HL | Judge: Brian Searles
1
Immigration reform has been delayed but will pass later this year – the aff pushes it off the agenda and into 2014 which derails the deal
Shear and Preston 9-8
(*MICHAEL D. SHEAR, a White House correspondent for The New York Times, JULIA PRESTON, member of The New York Times team that won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for reporting on international affairs, became a national correspondent covering immigration for The Times in April 2006.“Immigration Reform Falls to the Back of the Line” September 8, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/09/us/politics/immigration-reform-falls-to-the-back-of-the-line.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, KB)

Congress is likely to postpone consideration of an immigration overhaul until the end of the
AND
get this done when the pressure is so great they have to act.”
Congress hates Venezuela – Snowden scandal.
Aglaia Berlutti, 7-09-2013, witch by birth (no srsly doe), writer for the website Spanish Global Voices, “Venezuelaand#39;s President Offers Asylum to Edward Snowden,” http://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/07/09/venezuelas-president-offers-asylum-to-edward-snowden-and-controversy-erupts/

The president of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro, offered humanitarian asylum to Edward Snowden,
AND
to grant the humanitarian measure to the former U.S. contractor. 

Visas are key to cybersecurity preparedness
McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html)
We have seen, when you look at the table of the top
AND
our security needs.

Cyber-vulnerability causes great power nuclear war
Fritz 9 Researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament Jason, researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July,  http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf
This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear weapons.
AND
without the need for compromising command and control centres directly.
a
2
Plan invests in oil -~-- that’s 1AC Helios-Global.
Increased Venezuelan production lowers oil prices
White and Rowley 13, Garry, mining correspondent for Telegraph, Emma, a reporter on the Telegraph business desk, covering mining, commodities, and construction “Death of Hugo Chavez propels Venezuelan oil production into the spotlight,” March 11th, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/commodities/9920725/Death-of-Hugo-Chavez-propels-Venezuelan-oil-production-into-the-spotlight.html
Venezuela has the largest known oil reserves in the world, but oil output has
AND
foreign investment will not happen overnight, possibly not for a few years.

Low oil prices will destroy Russia’s economy
Shelin 12 – Political Columnist (Shelin, Sergey. “Putin Without Oil “. April 30, 2012. http://en.novayagazeta.ru/business/52381.html)
Russia’s economic dependence on the oil trade is not just important, it is critical
AND
the ruble, a drop in consumer confidence and a surge in inflation.

Extinction
Filger 9 (Sheldon, Author and Writer @ the Huffington Post, Former VP for Resource Development at New York’s United Way, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction,” http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)
In Russia historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree that
AND
the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

3
The aff’s representation of environmental apocalypse enables authoritarianism.
Buell 3 (Frederick Buell, Professor of English - Cornell, From Apocalypse to Way of Life. p. 200-2)

Elaborating crisis is thus not only hard to do but can also perhaps never really
AND
give up, or even cut off ties to clearly terminal “nature.” 

Apocalyptic discourse is co-opted to justify massive vio

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cypress Bay SU | Judge: Morgan Titcher
1
Immigration reform has been delayed but will pass later this year – the aff pushes it off the agenda and into 2014 which derails the deal
Shear and Preston 9-8
(*MICHAEL D. SHEAR, a White House correspondent for The New York Times, JULIA PRESTON, member of The New York Times team that won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for reporting on international affairs, became a national correspondent covering immigration for The Times in April 2006.“Immigration Reform Falls to the Back of the Line” September 8, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/09/us/politics/immigration-reform-falls-to-the-back-of-the-line.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, KB)

Congress is likely to postpone consideration of an immigration overhaul until the end of the
AND
get this done when the pressure is so great they have to act.”
CIR is key to reducing structural violence against immigrants
Banuelas 10 Arturo, "The lies are killing us: The need for immigration reform," US Catholic, October,www.uscatholic.org/culture/social-justice/2010/10/lies-are-killing-us-need-immigration-reform
Immigrants like Marisol show us that immigration reform is more than simply a matter of
AND
love will conquer racism, and that common compassion will overcome the lies.

2
Economic engagement is distinct from diplomatic engagement
Derrick 98 (Robert, Lieutenant Colonel US Army, “ENGAGEMENT: THE NATIONS PREMIER GRAND STRATEGY, WHO'S IN CHARGE?,” 1998, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA342695)

Economic engagement covers a wide range of programs. Financial incentives are an effective engagement
AND
a few examples of how the US uses these powers to stay engaged.
Treaties are diplomatic engagement
Derrick 98 (Robert, Lieutenant Colonel US Army, “ENGAGEMENT: THE NATIONS PREMIER GRAND STRATEGY, WHO'S IN CHARGE?,” 1998, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA342695)

Military    Diplomatic    Economic
CJCS Exercises    State Recognition   Agcy for Intl Devi
Depl for Trng (DFT)   Presidential Visits   Econ Spt Fund (ESF)
Intl Mil Ed and Tr (IMET)   Demarshe    Fgn Mil Sales (FMS)
Counterdrug Spt (CD)   Treaties and    Health Aid
Mobile Tr Teams (MTT)   Agreements
3
Mexico is a grave and persistent human rights violator
HRW, 13 Human Rights Watch, the world’s leading independent organizations dedicated to defending and protecting human rights. By focusing international attention where human rights are violated, we give voice to the oppressed and hold oppressors accountable for their crimes. Our rigorous, objective investigations and strategic, targeted advocacy build intense pressure for action and raise the cost of human rights abuse, 2/20, http://www.hrw.org/print/reports/2013/02/20/mexicos-disappeared-0, “Mexico's Disappeared,” ADM
When Enrique Peña Nieto took office on December 1, 2012, he inherited a
AND
to find the missing and bring those responsible for their disappearances to justice.

Reject engagement with human rights abusers — moral duty to shun.
Beversluis 89 — Eric H. Beversluis, Professor of Philosophy and Economics at Aquinas College, holds an A.B. in Philosophy and German from Calvin College, an M.A. in Philosophy from Northwestern University, an M.A. in Economics from Ohio State University, and a Ph.D. in the Philosophy of Education from Northwestern University, 1989 (“On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions,” Public Affairs Quarterly, Volume 3, Number 2, April, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via JSTOR, p. 17-19)
A fundamental task of morality is resolving conflicting interests. If we both want the
AND
immorality.

4
CP TEXT: The United States federal government ought not renegotiate NAFTA to include binding workers’ protections for Mexico in the agreement itself, including: mechanisms for improving basic labor standards based on International Labor Organization recommendations, assistance for local organizing education centers, and full public participation in all parts of the dispute settlement process unless Mexico adopts and enforces legislation for sea turtle conservation abiding by standards outlined in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna.

CP’s conditional engagement solves case and prevents sea turtle population extinction.

Center for Biological Diversity, 7-15-2013, a nonprofit membership organization known for its work protecting endangered species through legal action and scientific petitions, “Tell Mexico: Stop Killing Endangered Sea Turtles,” http://action.biologicaldiversity.org/o/2167/p/dia/action3/common/public/?action_KEY=13749

Each year at least 2,000 endangered loggerhead sea turtles are caught by shark
AND
I urge Mexico to act now to save these ancient and vanishing animals.
Destruction of the sea turtle population causes extinction – brink is now.

Todd Steiner, xx-xx-2010, Sea Turtle Restoration Project, Executive Director at Turtle Island Restoration Network, San Francisco Bay Area, “Are Sea Turtles Worth Saving?” http://www.bonaireturtles.org/explore/are-sea-turtles-worth-saving/

Sea turtles demonstrate the ultimate lesson of ecology – that everything is connected. Sea
AND
important. Put the clock back together and see if it still works.

5
The silence of the 1AC is strategic—at best, their lip-service to the first priority of violence against American Indians avoids confronting the primordial justification of the violence their 1AC. Their progressive struggle will fail, because its progress will only occur on STOLEN LAND.
Churchill 96 (Ward Churchill, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder “I Am Indigenist,” From A Native Son pgs 520-30)

I’ll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
AND
first priority for  everyone seriously committed to accomplishing positive change in North America. 

And, their omission is not neutral—it obscures the fact that the most egregious structural violence in America is perpetuated against Native Americans
Churchill 92 (Ward Churchill, Codirector of the Colorado chapter of the American Indian Movement. A previous professor at the University of Colorado/Boulder, “Fantasies of the Master Race.” pg. 7-9)

The true cost to native people bound up in the complex of relations anchoring the
AND
which the U.S. status quo has erected and maintains itself.

Thus, the alternative is to advocate the topic as a site to avow the displacement, theft, and genocide of Native Americans as America’s first policing apparatus. Politics invariably requires the establishment of priorities—ours should be this: First Priority to First Americans
Churchill 96 (Ward Churchill, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, “I Am Indigenist,” From A Native Son pgs 89-94)

The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
share” in the division of spoils accruing from  expropriation of their resources. 

Inherency
Recent laws prove the status quo solves.
Bacon, their 1AC author, 12 - David, writer for In These Times, photographer and former union organizer. He is the author of Illegal People: How Globalization Creates Migration and Criminalizes Immigrants (2008), Communities Without Borders (2006), and The Children of NAFTA: Labor Wars on the US/Mexico Border (2004). His website is at dbacon.igc.org.,In These Times, “Mexico’s Labor Law Reform Sparks Massive Protests,” 7/16/12, accessed 8/21/23, http://inthesetimes.com/article/14023/mexicos_labor_law_reform_sparks_massive_protests/
As the Mexican Senate tried to convene last week, unionists, youth protesters from
AND
, their employer had to pay severance based on their length of service.
Gendered Violence

Feminism’s reliance upon identity politics dooms their project to the inevitable coercion and exclusion of those individuals feminism seeks to protect. Their reliance upon a stable feminine subject dooms their project to failure.
Butler, Prof. of Humanities and Rhetoric-formerly of UC Berkeley and Johns Hopkins, 1990 (Judith, Gender Troubles, pp. 4-5)

My suggestion is that the presumed universality and unity of the subject of feminism is
AND
a stable subject, feminism thus opens itself to charges of gross misrepresentation.

Reject their second wave feminist attempt to ascribe an ontology of gender onto politics.  Femisism fixes and constrains the very subjects it seeks to liberate within ready-made heteronormative binaristic subjects of either male or female; masculine or feminine. 

Butler, Prof. of Humanities and Rhetoric-formerly of UC Berkeley and Johns Hopkins, 1990 (Judith, Gender Troubles, pp. 148-9)

If taken as the grounds of feminist theory or politics, these “effects”
AND
the “unnatural” might lead to the denaturalization of gender as such?  

Society is haunted by the death drive – a drive towards nonexistence and death.  The necessity of political intervention to save us from impending doom  and fear of death is a fantasy of self-fulfillment that denies the existence of the death drive and projects anxiety onto queer bodies who are deemed futureless.  

Giffney 08 (Noreen, Professor of Queer Theory at University College of Dublin, Queering the Non/Human, p. 65-7, Sydnor)

For Edelman, reproductive futurism presents ‘an always impossible future’ (11), ‘
AND
is displaced onto the Queer who then ‘becomes the external representative of the
death instinct’ (Klein 1997/1948, 31). Through a denial both of
AND
the mere mechanisms in motion’ (69).  mechanisms in motion’ (69).  
Life
Theory cannot bring liberation.
The affirmative is a reincarnation of the descent into discourse that Marx criticized as a turn away from material change in systems of economic oppression.  The affirmative’s shallow belief in the power of discourse and transformative potential of their performance obfuscates the fact that we must revolutionize the existing world, not the mental one, if we are to see any improvement.
Marx 1845, Karl, philosopher and revolutionary, “The German Ideology” http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ch01b.htm

II. 1. Preconditions of the Real Liberation of Man ... We
AND
in a definite age it has become “sensuous certainty” for Feuerbach. 

Focus on discourse does nothing and makes invisible the harms of capital.
Mas'ud Zavarzadeh, Department of English, Syracuse University, editor of Transformation: Marxist Boundary Work in Theory, Economics, Politics and Culture—a biquarterly published by the not-for-profit Maisonneuve Press, College Literature Vol 21 Issue 3, 1994, “The Stupidity That Consumption is Just as Productive as Production: In the Shopping Mall of the Post-Al Left” Questia

The unsurpassable objectivity which is not open to rhetorical interpretation and constitutes the decided foundation
AND
by which this violence is made more tolerable, justifiable, and naturalized. 

This turns the affirmative into a new elite with exclusive privilege to determine what struggles are truly worth our time—this marginalizes those that are truly oppressed and turns case.
Rene Francisco Poitevin, Doctoral Candidate in Sociology at UC Davis, member of the SR Socialist Review, 2001, Socialist Review, “The end of anti-capitalism as we knew it: Reflections on postmodern Marxism,” http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3952/is_200101/ai_n8932891/

First, in the postmodern/post-Marxist world, it is the (
AND
Leninist) nothing short of a new vanguardism on post-structuralist steroids.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: RoHo RW | Judge: Roman Kezios
OFFCASE -
1)  
Economic engagement involves
Dept of State ‘9 US Department of State archives, “What is total economic engagement?” http://2001-2009.state.gov/e/eeb/92986.htm

Total Economic Engagement .. on which our efforts rest.
2)
First - a limited topic of discussion which provides a clear demarcation of sides in a controversy is key to foster productive debate without sacrificing creativity or innovation. Even if their position can be debated that does not make it conducive to valuable debate and decision-making.
Steinberg and Freeley 2008
Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making
Debate is a means of settling differences,….  which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Second – debating specific policy action is critical—breaks out of traditional pedagogy and enhances active learning—even if we aren’t in positions of power
Esberg and Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108

These government or quasi-government…. how to contextualize and act on information.14
decision-making skills and engagement with the state actualizes radical politics
Hager 92
Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92
(Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)

During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted…..delibera-tive politics in modern technological society.61
Third, switch-side debate is key to effective decision making and prevention of atrocity.
Patricia Roberts-Miller 3 is Associate Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Texas "Fighting Without Hatred:Hannah Ar endt ' s Agonistic Rhetoric" JAC 22.2 2003
Arendt is probably most famous for her analysis of totalitarianism (….independent but not expressivist rhetoric. 

3)
Text: Mollie and I imagine open borders
They're logic is constructive and constitutive
Dalby 00 (Professor of Political Science and Chair of International Governance at the International Studes Association, CIAONet 41th Annual Convention of the ISA )
Geopolitics is a term now commonly used to refer to great power rivalries and the geographical dimensions of global political power. Sometimes used as a synonym for political geography it supposedly captures the importance of context and scale in considerations of politics, but links this to an awareness of the weighty matters of international politics (Parker, 1998). Indeed the utility of …. understood (Ó Tuathail, 1996).

Its neither objective or benign -- forces security
Shapiro 97 (Michael J. Shapiro, Prof. Poli Sci @ U of Hawaii, “Violent Cartographies,” pp. 15-6)

Michel Foucault put the matter ….recognized political subjectivity.

The impact is global and unending warfare
Shapiro 97 (Michael J. Shapiro, Prof. Poli Sci @ U of Hawaii, “Violent Cartographies,” pp. 141-2)

As I showed in my reading of …. mode of national self-recognition.

HISPANOPHOBIA ADVANTAGE -
Movements in Latin America are successfully producing alternatives to global neoliberalism – the plan’s economic imposition crushes these spaces of resistance, reducing the globe to a single, monocultural economic model and leads to environmental destabilization, instability, and rampant poverty.
Vattimo and Zabala 11
(Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)

The “Bolivarian Revolution” is Chavez’s commitment to twenty first- century socialism.”
AND
and democratic model is again summoning the specter of communism throughout the world."
The alternative – the judge should vote negative to reject neoliberal knowledge production and endorse globalization from below
Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements
Choi, Murphy, and Caro 4
Jung Min, John W, Manuel J, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9

Many critics have begun to wonder why hamburgers and jeans can be globalized, but
AND
less alienating ways? With little left to why not pursue alternative visions?

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Jesuit College Prep FP | Judge: Colin Roarke
1
Immigration reform has been delayed but will pass later this year – the aff pushes it off the agenda and into 2014 which derails the deal
Shear and Preston 9-8
(*MICHAEL D. SHEAR, a White House correspondent for The New York Times, JULIA PRESTON, member of The New York Times team that won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for reporting on international affairs, became a national correspondent covering immigration for The Times in April 2006.“Immigration Reform Falls to the Back of the Line” September 8, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/09/us/politics/immigration-reform-falls-to-the-back-of-the-line.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, KB)

Congress is likely to postpone consideration of an immigration overhaul until the end of the
AND
get this done when the pressure is so great they have to act.”
CIR is key to reducing structural violence against immigrants
Banuelas 10 Arturo, "The lies are killing us: The need for immigration reform," US Catholic, October,www.uscatholic.org/culture/social-justice/2010/10/lies-are-killing-us-need-immigration-reform
Immigrants like Marisol show us that immigration reform is more than simply a matter of
AND
love will conquer racism, and that common compassion will overcome the lies.
2
They’re not topical—economic engagement is a long term process of increasing economic contacts and interdependence in multiple-areas to influence the political behavior of a state
Resnick 1 – Dr. Evan Resnick, Ph.D. in Political Science from Columbia University, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University, “Defining Engagement”, Journal of International Affairs, Spring, 54(2), Ebsco
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT
In order to establish a more effective framework for dealing with unsavory regimes, I propose that we define engagement as the attempt to influence the political behavior of a target state through the comprehensive establishment and enhancement of contacts with that state across multiple issue-areas (i.e. diplomatic, military, economic, cultural). The following is a brief list of the specific forms that such contacts might include:
DIPLOMATIC CONTACTS
Extension of diplomatic recognition; normalization of diplomatic relations
Promotion of target-state membership in international institutions and regimes
Summit meetings and other visits by the head of state and other senior government officials of sender state to target state and vice-versa
MILITARY CONTACTS
Visits of senior military officials of the sender state to the target state and vice-versa
Arms transfers
Military aid and cooperation
Military exchange and training programs
Confidence and security-building measures
Intelligence sharing
ECONOMIC CONTACTS
Trade agreements and promotion
AND
explicitly encompasses contacts in multiple issue-areas, allows for the existence of multiple objectives in any given instance of engagement and, as will be shown below, permits the elucidation of multiple types of positive sanctions.
3
Theory cannot bring liberation.
The affirmative is a reincarnation of the descent into discourse that Marx criticized as a turn away from material change in systems of economic oppression.  The affirmative’s shallow belief in the power of discourse and transformative potential of their performance obfuscates the fact that we must revolutionize the existing world, not the mental one, if we are to see any improvement.
Marx 1845, Karl, philosopher and revolutionary, “The German Ideology” http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ch01b.htm

II. 1. Preconditions of the Real Liberation of Man ... We
AND
in a definite age it has become “sensuous certainty” for Feuerbach. 

Focus on discourse does nothing and makes invisible the harms of capital.
Mas'ud Zavarzadeh, Department of English, Syracuse University, editor of Transformation: Marxist Boundary Work in Theory, Economics, Politics and Culture—a biquarterly published by the not-for-profit Maisonneuve Press, College Literature Vol 21 Issue 3, 1994, “The Stupidity That Consumption is Just as Productive as Production: In the Shopping Mall of the Post-Al Left” Questia

The unsurpassable objectivity which is not open to rhetorical interpretation and constitutes the decided foundation
AND
by which this violence is made more tolerable, justifiable, and naturalized. 

This turns the affirmative into a new elite with exclusive privilege to determine what struggles are truly worth our time—this marginalizes those that are truly oppressed and turns case.
Rene Francisco Poitevin, Doctoral Candidate in Sociology at UC Davis, member of the SR Socialist Review, 2001, Socialist Review, “The end of anti-capitalism as we knew it: Reflections on postmodern Marxism,” http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3952/is_200101/ai_n8932891/

First, in the postmodern/post-Marxist world, it is the (
AND
Leninist) nothing short of a new vanguardism on post-structuralist steroids. 

Denial of object facts makes all violence possible.
Sherry 96 (Suzanna, Professor of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and the University of Minnesota, “The Sleep of Reason”)

Some, however, have suggested that the historical era of the Enlightenment was unique
AND
is the only possible consequence of speaking such a truth to power. 145
Unrestrained capitalism leads to extinction
Harman 97, Editor of the Socialst Worker (Chris, Economics of the madhouse, Pg 90-1) The system may have entered a new phase. But the way it operates is not new. It is, in its essentials exactly the way described by Marx

The only sense in which Marx is “outdated” is not that the system
AND
whole world’s climate, flooding low lying countries turning fertile regions into desert.
And, our kritik short circuits their impacts—Discourse and performance can never transform structures of oppression—the effectiveness of this political strategy is disproven by the failure of the left in the status quo
Poitevin 1 (Rene Francisco, PhD Cand Sociol @ UC-Davis, “The end of anti-capitalism as we knew it: Reflections on postmodern Marxism”, The Socialist Review, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3952/is_200101/ai_n8932891) From Radical Democracy to Revolutionary Democracy Let me finish by addressing the "vision thing" in Marxist theory, and by putting forward some minimal
AND
And attempts to co-opt and hijack Marxism for some reformist agenda is not going to do it either.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative for their focus on the embargo in favor of a Marxist analysis of the embargo.  This round should be an educational exercise—that empowers us to recognize inequality and take action rather than just changing the way we think.
Cole 3 (Mike, Senior Lecturer and Research and Publications Mentor in the School of Education, University of Brighton, Global Capital, Postmodern/Poststructural Deconstruction and Social Change: a Marxist Critique, pages 17-20, http://www.nodo50.org/cubasigloXXI/congreso/cole_05abr03.pdf)

Atkinson's main argument seems to be that the strength of postmodernism is that it ‘
AND
for human betterment (cited in Cole, 2001, p. 77).

4
Text: The United States Federal government should lift its economic sanctions on Cuba if and only if Cuba agrees to release Alan Gross.
Cuba will say yes
AP 9/12/12 – (“Cuba prepared to negotiate fate of jailed American Alan Gross” Fox News, Written by the Associated Press, Available online @ http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/09/12/cuba-prepared-to-negotiate-fate-jailed-american-alan-gross/)
HAVANA –  A senior Cuban diplomat said Wednesday her country is prepared to negotiate a
AND
and has lost his final appeal, leaving him out of legal options.
Engagement without human rights conditions send the message that US condones torture, rape, and disappearances
WOLA 10 - (Washington Office of Latin America- contains multiple experts on human rights abuse in latin america and quotes the state department's report "Congress: Withhold Funds for Mexico Tied to Human Rights Performance" 9/14/10, http://www.wola.org/publications/congress_withhold_funds_for_mexico_tied_to_human_rights_performance)//AP
However, research conducted by our respective organizations, Mexico’s National Human Rights Commission,
AND
established by Congress, particularly those dealing with prosecuting military abuses and torture:  
Case
Predictions are good – they create interpersonal connections and support global civil society.
Fuyuki Kurasawa, Associate Professor of Sociology at York University in Toronto, Canada, 2004, Constellations Vol 11, No 4, 2004, Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight    http://www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa20Articles/Constellations20Article.pdf cp

Rather than bemoaning the contemporary preeminence of a dystopian imaginary, I am claiming that
AND
in a position to ‘move up’ and become institutionalized via strong publics. 

Must weigh consequences
Roe 1999 – Director of Center for Sustainable Resource Development @ UC Berkeley Except Africa, pg. ( ) 

Second, the conjunction of politics and complexity places up-front the core dilemma
AND
Again: there can be no development without being committed to providing counternarratives.
The distaste that many power advocates in African studies have for working in or with
AND
needs alternatives, when you don’t believe in “development” at all!

Rejecting securitization destabilizes identity unleashing genocidal wars which end in extinction.
Kenneth Reinhard, Professor of Jewish Studies, UCLA, 2004, UCLA Center for Jewish Studies, “Towards a Political Theology of the Neighbor,” http://www.cjs.ucla.edu/Mellon/Towards_Political_Theology.pdf 

If the concept of the political is defined, as Carl Schmitt does, in
AND
ultimately appeasing contours, because they would be identifiable” (PF 83).

Realism is inevitable—even if it isn’t people will always think it is
Stefano Guzzini, Assistant Professor at Central European Univ., Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy, 1998, p. 212

Therefore, in a third step, this chapter also claims that it is impossible
AND
the name, although not always necessarily in the spirit, of realism.

Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Rowland Hall KG | Judge: Rob Mulholland
1

B. Definitional Support:

1. The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters
   Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2k
   http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm
   Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself. Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on… If the introductory phrase preceding the colon is very brief and the clause following the colon represents the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.

2. Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary – 2k www.dictionary.com
3 Used to express probability or expectation

3. The USFG is the government in Washington D.C.
Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2k http://encarta.msn.com
“The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC.”

D. Reasons to VOTE NEG

1. Ground
   Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
   Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
   AND
   particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

2. Topical Education
Esberg and Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for
AND
allies and adversaries, would behave in response to US policy initiatives.7
By university age, students often have a pre-defined view of international affairs
AND
quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14

4. Bad Policymaking – Effective deliberation is crucial to the activation of personal agency and is only possible in a switch-side debate format where debaters divorce themselves from ideology to engage in political contestation
Patricia Roberts-Miller 3 is Associate Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Texas "Fighting Without Hatred:Hannah Ar endt ' s Agonistic Rhetoric" JAC 22.2 2003

Totalitarianism and the Competitive Space of Agonism
Arendt is probably most famous for her analysis of totalitarianism (especially her The Origins
AND
not relativist, adversarial but not violent, independent but not expressivist rhetoric.

Effective decision-making outweighs---
Key to social improvements in all facets of life
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp9-10
If we assume it to be possible without recourse to violence to reach agreement on all the
AND
in our intelligent self-interest to reach these decisions through reasoned debate.

Only portable skill---means our framework turns case
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp9-10
After several days of intense debate, first the United States House of Representatives and
AND
customer for out product, or a vote for our favored political candidate.

Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems
Christian O. Lundberg 10 Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311
The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating debate and
AND
with the existential challenges to democracy in an increasingly complex world. 

5. AFF DOESN'T MEET ANY OF OUR CRITERIA FOR DECISION MAKING – ITS WEAK DATA

Rosekind 09
Mark R. Rosekind, Ph.D Kevin B. Gregory Alertness Solutions The Moebus Aviation Report on "Scientific and Medical Evaluationof Flight Time Limitations": Invalid, Insufficient, and Risky Alertness SolutionsJanuary 2009 ct

While the extensive scientific literature on fatigue has definitively established its role in reducing alertness
AND
recommendations should be the lead issue in addressing all of the questions posed.

YOU CAN VOTE NEG ON PRESUMPTION--ASSUME THE AFF HARMS, SOLVENCY, AND OTHER PREDICTIONS HAVE ZERO EFFECT UNLESS PROVEN WITH STRONG DATA

Zellner 07
Arnold Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago Philosophy and objectives of econometrics  Journal of Econometrics Volume 136, Issue 2, February 2007, Pages 331-339 ct

On the relation of science and econometrics, I have for long emphasized the unity
AND
. The initial hypothesis is thus, “No effect unless shown otherwise.”

USE YOUR BALLOT TO CREATE INCENTIVES FOR QUANTIFIED research and education over NON-FALSIFIABLE PSYCHO-BABLE THEORY

Coulomb et al 08
FANNY COULOMB University of Grenoble, France KEITH HARTLEY  Centre for Defence Economics, University of York and MioIR, Manchester Business School, UK AND MICHAEL INTRILIGATOR University of California, Los Angeles, USA PACIFISM IN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Defence and Peace Economics, 2008 Vol. 19(5), October, pp. 373–386 ct

In this article, we have tried to emphasize that peace could – and should
AND
to avoid continued spending so much for war and so little for peace. 

AND, PSYCOANALYSIS DOESN’T APPLY IN PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS
a. The basis of psychotherapy is a mass of unproven, untested assertions – means that the whole field is flawed
Mahrer 99 Alvin R., professor emeritus at the University of Ottawa School of Psychology, “Embarrassing Problems for the Field of Psychotherapy” John Wiley
and Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 55: 1147–1156, 1999. p. 1154, via Wiley Inter Science
Here is a small sample of the absolute truths in the virtual foundation of the
AND
absolutely true is accepted as true because we unquestioningly accept it as true.
b. Their ev is incoherent psychobabble – it sounds sophisticated but doesn’t mean anything
Mahrer 99 Alvin R., professor emeritus at the University of Ottawa School of Psychology, “Embarrassing Problems for the Field of Psychotherapy” John Wiley and Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 55: 1147–1156, 1999. p. 1153, via Wiley Inter Science
One of the main things that characterize psychotherapists and that distinguish them from others is
AND
or she probably can be accepted into the inner ranks of professional psychotherapists.
c. Psychoanalysis only "solves" problems that are illusory – no way to prove something changed
Mahrer 99 Alvin R., professor emeritus at the University of Ottawa School of Psychology, “Embarrassing Problems for the Field of Psychotherapy” John Wiley and Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 55: 1147–1156, 1999. p. 1150, via Wiley Inter Science
Some professionals fix a roof that leaks, a bone that is broken, a
AND
that psychotherapists try to fix are mainly unreal fictions, concocted mainly by psychotherapists

2

The silence of the 1AC is strategic—at best, their lip-service to the first priority of violence against American Indians avoids confronting the primordial justification of the violence their 1AC. Their progressive struggle will fail, because its progress will only occur on STOLEN LAND.
Churchill 96 (Ward Churchill, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder “I Am Indigenist,” From A Native Son pgs 520-30)

I’ll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
AND
, sexist, classist, homophobic, militaristic order on non-Indians.  

And, their omission is not neutral—it obscures the fact that the most egregious structural violence in America is perpetuated against Native Americans
Churchill 92 (Ward Churchill, Codirector of the Colorado chapter of the American Indian Movement. A previous professor at the University of Colorado/Boulder, “Fantasies of the Master Race.” pg. 7-9)

The true cost to native people bound up in the complex of relations anchoring the
AND
which the U.S. status quo has erected and maintains itself.

Historical amnesia of colonial dispossession maintains white supremacy
Moreton-Robinson 8 (Aileen, “Transnational Whiteness Matters”, p. kindle)

Despite the colonial history of the United States and racializing Native Americans in popular culture
AND
America and is fundamental both to its establishment and to its continued existence. 

The continuing genocide of Native America puts all life on earth at risk
Friedberg 2K (Lilian Friedberg, author and political activist with a master's degree in the humanities from the University of Chicago and is currently a doctoral candidate in Germanic Studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Dare to Compare:  Americanizing the Holocaust, The American Indian Quarterly 24.3 (2000) 353-380)

This is not to deny or diminish the clear and present danger in the ominous
AND
the authority of the sovereign over life and death on all our behalf. 

Thus, the alternative is to advocate the topic as a site to avow the displacement, theft, and genocide of Native Americans as America’s first policing apparatus.
Churchill 96 (Ward Churchill, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, “I Am Indigenist,” From A Native Son pgs 89-94)

The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
realism.” Isn’t it time we all went to work on attaining it?
3
The affirmative participates in mythmaking – an attempt to recapture reality from a vacuum of meaning
Selby 7 (Charles H. de Selby, Department of English, Oxford University, "'Generating' Baudrillard: Cultural Theory and Baudrillardist Hyperreality," in International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, Special Issue: Remembering Baudrillard, Volume 4, Number 3, October, http://www.ubishops.ca/baudrillardstudies/vol4_3/v4-3-article74-selby.html)

I. Cultural theory and cultural discourse “Class is fundamentally responsible for the status
AND
Lacan’s critique of cultural theory states that sexual identity has intrinsic meaning.6

Reality inevitably escapes our grasp – trying to hold on creates an insatiable nostalgia for power, culminating in fascism
Baudrillard 94 (Jean Baudrillard, French sociologist and cultural theorist, "Simulacra and Simulation," pp. 22-23)

As long as the historical threat came at it from the real, power played
AND
overdose of a strong referential in a society that cannot terminate its mourning.

The alternative is to embrace the futility of narrativity – vote negative to shatter the myth of the Real
Werther 2k (Thomas F.E. Werther, Department of Literature at Oxford University, "Constructivism and Saussurean semiotics," February 25, www.math.tohoku.ac.jp/kuroki/keijiban/Tmp/werther.html)

In the works of Spelling, a predominant concept is the distinction between within and
AND
of Saussurean semiotics is not, in fact, deappropriation, but subdeappropriation.

4
The United States federal government should substantially increase its cultural engagement toward Cuba.
Movements in Latin America are successfully producing alternatives to global neoliberalism – the plan’s economic imposition crushes these spaces of resistance, reducing the globe to a single, monocultural economic model
Vattimo and Zabala 11
(Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)

The “Bolivarian Revolution” is Chavez’s commitment to twenty first- century socialism.”
AND
and democratic model is again summoning the specter of communism throughout the world."
The impact is extinction – neoliberalism reduces existence itself to property to be exchanged, producing a drive to a single way of knowing and being – that causes massive structural violence and environmental destruction
Lander ‘2,
(Edgardo, Prof. of Sociology and Latin American studies at the Venezuelan Central University in Caracas, “Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges, and the “Natural” Order of Global Capital, Nepantla: Views from South”, 3.2, muse)

Just as resources formerly considered to be commons, or of communal use, were
AND
intensified, totalitarian monoculture of Eurocentric knowledge only lead to destruction and death.
Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements
Choi, Murphy, and Caro 4
Jung Min, John W, Manuel J, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9

Many critics have begun to wonder why hamburgers and jeans can be globalized, but
AND
less alienating ways? With little left to why not pursue alternative visions?

Contention 2
a. We should pick and choose wars so that we don’t lose – defeat is worse than their impacts.
Stuhr 8 (John J. Stuhr, Professor of Philosophy at Emory, “A Terrible Love of Hope,” in The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Volume 22, Number 4, MUSE)
I am not suggesting that we cannot differentiate war from terrorism, business, sports
AND
war and peace; instead, the choice is between victory and defeat.

b. War isn’t inevitable – it’s a cultural phenomenon.
Fry 2007 (Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, Douglas P. Fry, "Beyond war", p 220)

Anthropology suggests that replacing violent competition with cooperation is facilitated when individuals clearly perceive their
AND
then a macroscopic time perspective may help to put the truly immense human potential
c. War isn’t natural – political leaders just frame it as such to justify it. Any evidence you present is correlation, not causation.
Stuhr 8 John, Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and American Studies, and Chair, Department of Philosophy, Emory University; “A Terrible Love of Hope,” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 22:4
These and related experiences, rooted in a love of war, are not merely
AND
peace must be, in the broadest sense of the term, educational.

d. War causes psychic casualties – turns the K.
Hillman ‘4 (James, retired Director of the Jung Institute, “A Terrible Love of War”, The Penguin Press, ISBN 1-59420-011-4, pgs 62, AM)
The iron will of Mars can endure only so long: "Each moment of
AND
up the computer, slap the soldier to get him back in line.
e. The aff doesn’t actually solve war- there’s no concrete solution to the problem at hand
Heinegg ‘4 (Peter, teaches in the department of humanities at Union College, “The Cult of Ares,” http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=3842, 

Perhaps the only serious flaw in Hillman’s case is the abrupt way he discounts the
AND
nightly news these days, it’s an invitation that is hard to resist.
Turn – the core assumptions of their theory negate ethics. Only rejection of the “metaphysics of aggression” enables human responsibility
Lear 2000
(Jonathan, Philosophy Professor, U of Chicago, Happiness, Death, and the Remainder of Life, Winner of the 2001 Gradiva Award for the Best Book in Psychoanalysis and Philosophy, Sponsored by the World Organization and the Public Education Corporation of the National Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis, p. 131-132)
By 1920 Freud is ready to break up what he has come to see as
AND
—by precluding—what might turn out to be significant empirical possibilities.
f. Turn – Blaming the psyche on the inevitability of war sustains current ideology. Believing that aggression is instinctual and inevitable is what lets our perverse social structures off the hook
Fromm ’73
Erich, internationally renowned German-American psychologist and humanistic philosopher, The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness, p. 2-3
All these works contain basically the same thesis: man’s aggressive behavior as manifested in
AND
, and that we understand why everything had to happen as it did.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Rowland Hall GK | Judge: Scott Brown
1NC
First off is Topicality
The affirmative should defend some increase in United States federal government economic engagement with Cuba, Mexico, or Venezuela.
Most predictable—the agent and verb indicate a debate about hypothetical government action
Jon M Ericson 3, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains certain key elements, although they have slightly different functions from comparable elements of valu
e-oriented propositions. 1. An agent doing the acting… to perform the future action that you propose.
Our interpretation facilitates productive debates—
A public policy stasis point ensures accessibility and negative ground. This facilitates clash which outweighs; changing the topic post facto structurally favors the aff because it manipulates the balance of prep. Strategic fairness is vital to a well-prepared opponent.
There’s a topical version of the aff – the USFG should allow asylum seekers from Mexico to have refugee status regardless of whether or not they can prove that they are oppressed
Topical fairness requirements are key to effective dialogue—monopolizing strategy and prep makes the discussion one-sided and subverts any meaningful neg role
Galloway 7—Samford Comm prof (Ryan, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007)
Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative… dialogical benefits of topical advocacy.
A general subject isn’t enough—debate requires a specific point of difference. Our vision of debate inculcates advocacy skills which outweigh their impacts.
Steinberg and Freeley 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
Debate is a means of settling differences…of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.
Fairness of the game outweighs—debate is played for its own sake
Villa 96—Dana Villa Political Theory @ UC Santa Barbara Arendt and Heidegger: the Fate of the Political p. 37

If political action is to be valued … politics, is played for its own sake. 

2NC Disenchantment
we are not saying the law is always good, but that we should still engage it in a disenchanted manner --- Engaging the law is key to transforming racist structures—our vision of inclusive debate incorporating policy reform doesn’t rely on a rationalist subjectivity, it doesn’t exclude alternative models of knowledge production, and it’s uniquely liberatory
Harris, professor of law – UC Berkeley, ‘94
(Angela P., 82 Calif. L. Rev. 741)

Reacting to the nihilist threat, some writers have …… jurisprudence and political theory.

AT Antonio/Kappeler/Roleplaying Bad

Their roleplaying kritik forecloses spaces of political thought that challenge normative conceptions of what is good and bad federal government policy  - they have conflated acting like the government with forming an opinion about what the government should do
Harris 13 (Scott, Dir. Of Debate and University of Kansas. “This Ballot” acc. @ ¶ http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php?topic=4762.msg10246#msg10246.)
While this ballot has meandered off on a …to what I think happens in a debate round.

2. Antonio/Kappeler is wrong---political simulation is empathic and better for decision-making
Harri Raisio 10, RESEARCHER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VAASA --- Researcher, Faculty of Public Administration, University of Vaasa and PhD student in Social and Health Management, at the University of Vaasa, “The Public as Policy Expert: Deliberative Democracy in the Context of Finnish Health Care Reforms and Policies,” Journal of Public Deliberation, Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010, http://services.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1159andcontext=jpd
In deliberation something happens that …. citizens to focus more on  the public good.

3. Aff links more – they are interpassive action
Zizek 1997 (Slavoj, Prof of Philosophy @ U of Ljubljana, “Repeating Lenin,” www.lacan.com/replenin) 

Zizek 97 – Slavoj, Prof Philosophy @ U. Ljubljana, Repeating Lenin, www.lacan.com/replenin

One is therefore tempted to turn around Marx's …which obliges no one to anything determinate.

Impacts
That leads to a loss of public engagement in solving structural problems, culminating in extinction
Boggs, 1997 (Carl, National University, Los Angeles, Theory and Society, “The great retreat: Decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America”, December, Volume 26, Number 6, http://www.springerlink.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/content/m7254768m63h16r0/fulltext.pdf)

The decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century …collective interests that had vanished from civil society. 75
Research
University students already have preconceived and ideological notions about how the world operates but government policy discussion is vital to force engagement with and resolution of competing perspectives to improve social outcomes, breaking out of traditional pedagogical frameworks by positing students as agents of decision-making.
Esberg and Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108

These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often …. to contextualize and act on information.14
Theorizing is a direct trade-off with political action – that causes a resurgence of the genocidal atrocities of the 20th century.
Wolin 4 (Richard, distinguished professor of intellectual history at Graduate Center, City University of New York, The Seduction of Unreason: the intellectual romance with fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism, pg. 8-9)

The Seduction of Unreason is an ….denounced, seemed to merit a second look.

1NR AT: State Bad
Failure to influence state power structures means your insurrection gets crushed-empirics go neg- only pragmatic engagement with political institutions solves- specifically true in the context of Mexico.
Nugent 95, (Daniel. “Northern intellectuals and the EZLN.” Monthly Review. July-August 1995 v47 n3. http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/mexico/comment/north_intell_ezln_95.html).

The EZLN and the State Maybe what really identifies the EZLN as a postmodern movement
AND
if he is wrong, than it is more modern than "postmodern."
Only debates about engaging institutions can produce social change. Disengagement from politics fractures coalitions and reinforces conservatism.
Mouffe 9 Chantal, Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, “The Importance of Engaging the State,” What is Radical Politics Today? October 2009, pgs. 233-237.

In both Hardt and Negri, and Virno, there is therefore emphasis upon ‘
AND
my view, is how we should conceive the nature of radical politics.
Localization DA - fetishization of the local and the fugitive does not make it possible to theorize the relations between local issues as relations between parts to a whole- we need a new paradigm, not simply a scattered guerrilla war
Alcoff, Professor of Philosophy at Hunter College and the CUNY Graduate Center, 2012 (Linda M., “Enrique Dussel’s Transmodernism”, TRANSMODERNITY: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58k9k17t)

For this sort of reason, I suspect some of Dussel’s critics cannot follow him
AND
if all meta-narrative forms are the same. They are not.

Pragmatism - their criticism Fails- Attempting to “tear down the system” and build something completely new is little more than abstract and apolitical moralism and idealism.
Dussel, Argentine-Mexican writer and post-occidental/Decoloniality philosopher, 2008 (Enrique, Twenty Theses on Politics)

The question of whether or not it is possible to “change the world¶
AND
orientation that follows from the postulate of the 'dissolution of¶ the State."¶