Tournament: Milton | Round: 5 | Opponent: Johns Creek PR | Judge: Bill Batterman
*Text: The United States Federal Government should fully fund and implement the Automated Commercial Environment land port modernization program along the United States-Mexico border.*

*The ACE is key to improve border trade efficiency- that solves the entirety of the first advantage
Bradley 12* (Melissa Bradley, writer for Trade Tech Inc, “Trade Tech Customers Take Advantage of Early Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) Approval” https://www.tradetech.net/index.php/about-us/news-detail/trade-tech-customers-take-advantage-of-early-automated-commercial-environme 8-14-12)
The Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) is a system being developed by U.
AND
lower cost will have positive impacts on the U.S. economy.

Tournament: UGA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Gulliver Prep AS | Judge: Riana Ilango
Look on open source

Tournament: Asdfg | Round: 1 | Opponent: Nobody | Judge:
If you want cites for anything, email me at sachin.mahajan98@gmail.com and I'll respond in 1-2 days.

Tournament: Alpharetta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek TX | Judge:
Inflows are coming gradually now and leveling off but the plan immediately causes massive waves of capital to flood Cuba’s Market -~-- That uniquely destroys Cuba’s economy.
Piccone, 2012  (Ted Piccone is a senior fellow and deputy director for Foreign Policy at Brookings. Piccone specializes in U.S.-Latin American relations; global democracy and human rights; and multilateral affairs. Piccone serves as an advisor to the Club of Madrid and has served on the National Security Council, at the State Department and Pentagon), Brookings, “Cuba Is Changing, Slowly but Surely,” January 19, 2012, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/01/19-cuba-piccone

A closer look, however, reveals something more profound—a wholesale mental shift
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will, with time, make long overdue reconciliation with the United States inevitable

Cuban instability causes Caribbean instability, democratic backsliding, and refugee flows
Gorrell, 2005 (Tim, Lieutenant Colonel, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” 3/18, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074)

Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?

Caribbean terrorism leads to attack on the US-~--they’ll use bioweapons
Bryan, 2001 (Anthony T. Bryan, director of the North-South Center’s Caribbean Program, 10-21-2001. CFR, Terrorism, Porous Borders, and Homeland Security: The Case for U.S.-Caribbean Cooperation, http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and20_homeland_20security.html)

Terrorist acts can take place anywhere. The Caribbean is no exception. Already the
AND
else to the clandestine manufacture and deployment of biological weapons within national borders.

Bioterror leads to extinction
Sandberg, 2008 (Anders, a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction)

The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
AND
may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore's Law.

Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 2 | Opponent: Swagward AX | Judge: Rahul Patel
TBA shifts US energy security toward Pemex—decreases dependence
Simmons 4/30 (Daniel Simmons, writer for Master Resource a free-market energy blog, April 30, 2013, “U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement: A Rare Victory for Oil and Gas in the Obama Era”, http://www.masterresource.org/2013/04/u-s-mexico-transboundary-hydrocarbons-agreement/#sthash.f5Ha7dSw.dpuf)

As the U.S. Congress debates the deal, it is worth revisiting
AND
and the opportunity to boost energy security on both sides of the border. 

Lack of dependence means the U.S. will not feel the need to stay in the Middle East- U.S interest is key to Middle East Stability 
McCracken 4/26/13 (Ross, “The shale boom and international energy security”- Platts; http://www.platts.com/news-feature/2013/oil/shale-boom/index)

 Crucially, those imports that remain will come not from extended global supply chains
AND
America will see little reason to support the energy security of other countries.

Middle East war goes nuclear and escalates -~-- structural factors don’t check.
Primakov 9 (Yevgeny, President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the Russian Federation, Member of Russian Academy of Science, “The Middle East Problem in the Context of International Relations,” Russia in Global Affairs, July-September 2009, http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_13593)

The Middle East conflict is unparalleled in terms of its potential for spreading globally.
AND
seems that President Obama’s position does not completely rule out such a possibility.

Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sequoyah HO | Judge: John Finch
Predictable Limits --- not specifying makes it impossible to predict what the aff will do abd kills the negs ability to have case specific strategies --- that’s crucial to advocacy skills.
Jakštait?, 2010 (Gerda, Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania), “CONTAINMENT AND ENGAGEMENT AS MIDDLE-RANGE THEORIES,” December 10, 2010, BALTIC JOURNAL OF LAW and POLITICS VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2 (2010), http://versita.metapress.com/content/0w3157n438689417/fulltext.pdf)

The concept of engagement has different interpretations in the sphere of international relations. Manager
AND
policy during the particular period, when engagement dominated, can be detected.

Precision --- Specification is key to accuracy – impossible to refute the Aff because engagement DOES NOT MEAN ANYTHING on its own. Precision outweighs.
Hayden, 2013 (Craig, Assistant Professor of International Communication at American University's School of International Service, USC Center for Public Diplomacy blog, June 20th, 2013, ““Engagement” is More Convenient than Helpful: Dissecting a Public Diplomacy Term,” http://intermap.org/2013/06/20/engagement-is-more-convenient-than-helpful-dissecting-a-public-diplomacy-term/)

Matthew Wallin of the American Security Project posed an interesting question in a recent blog
AND
see it,” but I’m not sure how this helps provide constructive critique.

Tournament: GFCA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alphareta KK | Judge: Jordan Shunta
*Cuba is gradually opening up and reforming its economy but opening it up too much will collapse it -- regardless of the embargo.
Rodriguez et al, 12/21/2013* (Andrea, Michael Weissenstein, and Anne-Marie Garcia, The Huffington post Political correspondents, “Cuba: Raul Castro Issues Stern Warning To Entrepreneurs” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/21/cuba-raul-castro-entrepreneurs_n_4486902.html)

HAVANA (AP) — President Raul Castro issued a stern warning to entrepreneurs pushing
AND
He said growth for 2014 was expected to be 2.2 percent.

*The plan tips the ideological needle --- Increasing US Capital in Cuba floods Cuba’s market --- That causes political instability.
Hernandez, 2012* (Cuba’s Leading Social Sciences professor and researcher at the University of Havana and the High Institute of International Relations; Director of U.S. studies at the Centro de Estudios sobre America; and a Senior Research Fellow at the Instituto cubano de Investigacion Cultural “Juan Marinello” in Havana. “Debating U.S-Cuban Relations”) 

As far as costs are concerned, although many Cubans favor detente and appreciate its
AND
dealing effectively with "communist regimes" but its sense of superpower omnipotence.

*Cuban instability causes Caribbean instability, democratic backsliding, and refugee flows
Gorrell, 2005* (Tim, Lieutenant Colonel, “CUBA: THE NEXT UNANTICIPATED ANTICIPATED STRATEGIC CRISIS?” 3/18, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433074)

Regardless of the succession, under the current U.S. policy, Cuba’s
AND
in an effort to facilitate a manageable transition to post-Castro Cuba?

*Caribbean terrorism leads to attack on the US---they’ll use bioweapons
Bryan 1* (Anthony T. Bryan, director of the North-South Center’s Caribbean Program, 10-21-2001. CFR, Terrorism, Porous Borders, and Homeland Security: The Case for U.S.-Caribbean Cooperation, p. http://www.cfr.org/publication/4844/terrorism_porous_borders_and20_homeland_20security.html)

Terrorist acts can take place anywhere. The Caribbean is no exception. Already the
AND
else to the clandestine manufacture and deployment of biological weapons within national borders.

*Bioterror leads to extinction
Anders Sandberg 8*, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. ?irkovi?, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction

The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
AND
may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore's Law.

Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 2 | Opponent: Swagward AX | Judge: Rahul Patel
The peso is remaining resilient now and Mexico’s economy is on upward growth -~-- but tight monetary policies are key. 
Bellman and Catan, 8/27/2013 (Eric and Thomas, “Investors Prove More Selective in Latest Emerging-Market Selloff”- Wall Street Journal; 8/27/13;http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323407104579038971412660980.html)

Even as currencies in India, Turkey, the Philippines and Malaysia plummet against the
AND
.S. continues its recovery. Mexico has little exposure to China.

Economic reforms attract capital flows causing negative growth
Griffith-Jones, 2000 (Stephany Griffith-Jones an economist specialising in international finance and development and an economist specialising in international finance and development “INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS TO LATIN AMERICA” March, 2000 http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/7/4577/lcl1351i.pdf)

One of the effects – and, indeed, one of the aims – of
AND
spite of their important efforts at structural reform and at improving macroeconomic policies.

That overwhelms Mexico’s ability to maintain growth -~-- collapses their economy.
Cattan and Martin 6/7 Nacha Cattan: Mexico Economy and Government Correspondent, Eric Martin: reporter for Bloomberg News, “Mexico Holds Key Rate as Inflation Clashes With Weak Growth”  Jun 7, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-07/mexico-holds-key-rate-as-inflation-clashes-with-slower-growth.html)

Analysts have cut their forecasts for Mexican growth this year in each of the past
AND
means that portfolio inflows are not coming at a rate that is worrisome.”

Tournament: Milton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodward MP | Judge: Andrew Hart
All Milton rounds were debated with a different partner. Round 1 I was the 1n but other rounds I was the 2n

Tournament: GFCA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alphareta KK | Judge: Jordan Shunta
*Text: The United States federal government should close the Guantanamo Bay detention facility, put into practice the succeeding agreement under the Bali conference, join the International Criminal Court, ratify the 1990 Convention on the Rights of the Child, and remove Cuba from the United States federal government’s list of state sponsors of terrorism.
Solves multilateralism --- Bottom of
Burgsdorff, 2009* – Ph. D in Political Science from Freiburg University, EU Fellow at the University of Miami (Sven Kühn von, “Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration”, http://aei.pitt.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/11047/1/vonBurgsdorfUSvsCubalong09edi.pdf)

In addition, the US needs to improve its international human rights reputation which was  
AND
it would be interpreted by the international community as steps  towards effective multilateralism.

*Removing Cuba from the list spills over to overall latin America cred
Allen, 4/11/2013*(Bob Allen, managing editor of Associated Baptist Press., “Alliance: Drop Cuba from terror list”, ABP News, http://abpnews.com/ministry/organizations/item/8394-alliance-drop-cuba-from-terror-list#.UfgP-PUo4t1) 

The Alliance of Baptists appealed April 6 to President Obama and Secretary of State John
AND
range of sanctions, including controls over exports and prohibitions on economic assistance.

Tournament: Milton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Johns Creek DG | Judge: Stephen Weil
*Naval reliance causes draw in china war and east Asian arms race – escalates causes extinction
Lieven, 2012* (Anatol, professor in the War Studies Department of King’s College London and a senior fellow of the New America Foundation in Washington, “Avoiding a U.S.-China War,” The New York Times, 6/12/2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/13/opinion/avoiding-a-us-china-war.html?_r=0)

Relations between the United States and China are on a course that may one day
AND
book brings out with chilling force, the alternatives may well be catastrophic.

*Most probable scenario for conflict
Dibb 01* (Prof – Australian National University, 2001 Paul, Strategic Trends: Asia at a Crossroads, Naval War College Review, Winter, http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2001/Winter/art2-w01.htm)

The areas of maximum danger and instability in the world today are in Asia,
AND
Regional Forum have shown themselves to be ineffective when confronted with major crises.

Tournament: Johns Creek | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sequoyah HO | Judge: John Finch
First--The counterplan is competitive – “its engagement”
Updegrave 91 (W.C., senior editor of Money Magazine for 17 years, “Explanation of ZIP Code Address Purpose”, 8-19, http://www.supremelaw.org/ref/zipcode/updegrav.htm)

More specifically, looking at the map on page 11 of the National ZIP Code
AND
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, making the explanatory statement literally correct. 

And – the counterplan solves the entire Aff and is net beneficial – by proposing OAS engagement the counterplan reasserts the U.S. commitment to work through regional institutions instead of continuing ad hoc unilateralism.  The plan sidelines the OAS and dooms any hope of vibrant regionalism
IAD 12 (Inter-American Dialogue, he Inter-American Dialogue is the leading uS center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs. the Dialogue brings together public and private leaders from across the Americas to address hemispheric problems and opportunities. together they seek to build cooperation among Western Hemisphere nations and advance a regional agenda of democratic governance, social equity, and economic growth. the Dialogue’s select membership of 100 distinguished citizens from throughout the Americas includes political, business, academic, media, and other nongovernmental leaders. Fourteen Dialogue members served as presidents of their countries and more than two dozen have served at the cabinet level, “Remaking the relationship”, april 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)

Even as Latin America expands its global reach and presence, it is important that
AND
wellbeing. It is time to seize the moment and overhaul hemispheric relations.

And – the plan and the Counterplan are DISTINCT options – the plan undermines the OAS
Malone 3 (David, President of the Canadian International Development Research Centre, “Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: International Perspectives”, 2003, https://www.rienner.com/uploads/47d832b1257af.pdf)

A variant of how unilateral behavior can undermine one’s reputation relates to U.S
AND
is more likely to serve long-term U.S. interests.

Tournament: GFCA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Woodward MP | Judge: Flora Patel
*Offshoring is key to manufacturing—turns the advantage
Lewin et al, 2008* (Arie, Professor of Strategy and International Business at the Fuqua School of Business, Duke University; Silvia, Senior Lecturer at Manchester Business School; Carine, Senior Research Fellow, Solvay Business School, ECARES and Centre Emile Bernheim; Why Are Companies Offshoring Innovation? The Emerging Global Race for Talent*, https://offshoring.fuqua.duke.edu/pdfs/conference2009/Lewin20Massini20Peeters20JIBS20paper.pdf)

In this paper we investigate four main types of firm-specific objectives as expressions
AND
knowledge clusters (diverse labor pools, specific expertise anywhere in the world).

*We control the internal link—Offshore RandD is the only way to open new markets and is key to global commercialization
Huggins et al, 2007* (Robert, Senior Lecturer in Enterprise at the Management School at the University of Sheffield (UK), Global Knowledge and RandD Foreign Direct Investment Flows: Recent Patterns in Asia Pacific, Europe, and North America, International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 21, No. 3, 437–451, July)

While there is evidence that much of the technology developed abroad by large firms remains
AND
of which is to reinforce or revitalise the core technology of the MNE.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 2 | Opponent: Johns Creek BJ | Judge:
Their security reps are inaccurate and cause action-reaction cycles. Such cycles are the root of violence and make extinction inevitable.
Der Derian 98 (James, Professor of Political Science – University of Massachusetts, On Security, Ed. Lipschutz, p. 24-25)

No other concept in international relations packs the metaphysical punch, nor commands the disciplinary
AND
on the otherness of death, and identities calcifying into a fearful sameness.

Vote Neg to reject the dominant framing of security. A renewed focus on the epistemological and representational security lens is a prerequisite to effective policy solutions
Bruce ‘96
(Robert, Associate Professor in Social Science – Curtin University and Graeme Cheeseman, Senior Lecturer – University of New South Wales, Discourses of Danger and Dread Frontiers, p. 5-9)

This goal is pursued in ways which are still unconventional in the intellectual milieu of
AND
resistant to them, or choose not to understand them, and why?

Tournament: Alpharetta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Johns Creek TX | Judge:
Cuba is transitioning to sustainable agriculture because the embargo- the plan reverses that
Gonzalez, 2003(Carmen Gonzalez, Professor of International Law at Seattle University. 2003. "Seasons of Resistance: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Cuba". Tulane Environmental Law Journal. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=987944)

Cuba was able to transform its agricultural development model as a consequence of the political
AND
and economic pressure from the United States and from the global trading system.

Cuban agriculture is key to environment and Cuban biodiversity
Peters, 2010 (Kathryn A. Peters, J.D. from the University of Oregon . "Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution". University of Oregon Law School. law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in ¶ Cuba’s history,
AND
new economy for many Cubans without negatively ¶ impacting the environment or society.

The Caribbean is a biodiversity hotspot
CEPF, 2010(quoting Mittermeier -- the same author that establishes the “hotspot” thesis and writes our impact ev. , Dr. Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He holds Ph.D. from Harvard in Biological Anthropology and serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. CEPF is the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund – “Ecosystem Profile: THE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT” – Prepared by: BirdLife International¶ in collaboration with:¶ Durrell Wildlife Conservation¶ Trust / Bath University¶ The New York Botanical Garden¶ and with the technical support of:¶ Conservation International-Center¶ for Applied Biodiversity Science; assistance for this report was offered by 100 international and non-profit organizations. Jan 15th – http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_Caribbean_EP.pdf)

The Caribbean Islands Hotspot is one of the  world’s greatest centers of biodiversity and
AND
species amounting to at least 2 percent of the world’s total¶ species. 

Biodiversity in specific hotspots solves extinction -- key to ag, medicine, and ecosystems
Mittermeier, 2011(et al, Dr. Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He holds Ph.D. from Harvard in Biological Anthropology and serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He has conducted fieldwork for over 30 years on three continents and in more than 20 countries in mainly tropical locations. He is the President of Conservation International and he is considered an expert on biological diversity. Mittermeier has formally discovered several monkey species. From Chapter One of the book Biodiversity Hotspots – F.E. Zachos and J.C. Habel (eds.), DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011. This evidence also internally references Norman Myers, a very famous British environmentalist specialising in biodiversity. available at: http://www.academia.edu/1536096/Global_biodiversity_conservation_the_critical_role_of_hotspots)

Extinction is the gravest consequence of the biodiversity crisis, since it is¶ irreversible
AND
than 30 of original vegetation remaining” criterion to a genuine hotspot.

Tournament: Alpharetta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Johns Creek LR | Judge: Mahnvee Deo

• • 1. Interpretation: The aff has to be unconditional --- qpqs are not engagement.
       Smith, 2005(Karen E, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, London School of Economics, “Engagement and conditionality: incompatible or mutually reinforcing?,”  May 2005, Global Europe: New Terms of Engagement, http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:8-3RqE0TzFMJ:scholar.google.com/+engagement+positive+incentives+bilateralandhl=enandas_sdt=0,14)

First, a few definitions. ‘Engagement’ is a foreign policy strategy of building
AND
induce change in another country, conditionality more of a top-down strategy

Tournament: Milton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Johns Creek DG | Judge: Stephen Weil

1. Economic engagement is a subset of conditional engagement and is a QPQ.
   Shinn, 1996 (James, C.V. Starr Senior Fellow for Asia at the CFR in New York City and director of the council’s multi-year Asia Project, worked on economic affairs in the East Asia Bureau of the US Dept of State, “Weaving the Net: Conditional Engagement with China,” pp. 9 and 11)

In sum, conditional engagement consists of a set of objectives, a strategy for
AND
American vital interests in Asia while accommodating China’s emergence as a major power.
The overall strategy of conditional engagement follows two parallel lines: economic engagement, to
AND
order to hedge against the risk of the emergence of a belligerent China.
The tactics of economic engagement should promote China’s economic integration through negotiations on trade liberalization
AND
105, no. 3 (1990), pp. 383-88).