Tournament: Bronx Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Acorn AJ | Judge: Jeremy Hammond, Leila McCoy
Contention 1 is My Story

When I joined debate, I was told that I would become a better speaker – I would use improve my English skills to communicate with others and ECONOMICALLY ENGAGE with them. It’s ESOL all over again, learning to assimilate into a society built to reject.

But I graduated ESOL and got better at this activity. As I gained success, I engaged debate as a competitor, to win it all and beat my opponents.
You do not know who the Koo brothers are, you only know Centennial KK, a team people point to and say “Oh look at those Koreans, learning to debate so well and working hard to win tournaments.”

My hard work, cutting cards through sleepless nights, assimilating to a traditional form of DEBATE has turned me into a model minority. 

But now it’s my senior year and I have a resolution that teaches us how to engage other people. Looks like my career has come full circle. I started out learning how to engage people and now it’s time to give it back. This year I choose to engage through who I AM, through my experiences with a diverse team, Daryl Burch, and exposure to non-traditional arguments.

Contention 2 is the Resolution

Korean immigration has been kept a secret in Mexican history. Forced labor on haciendas caused the immigrants to suffer as foreigners in a foreign country.  
Sevilla ’07 1/3/07, Elsa Sevilla is a staffwriter for the KPBS, “Descendants of Korean Immigrants to Mexico Remember the Past”, http://www.kpbs.org/news/2007/jan/03/descendants-of-korean-immigrants-to-mexico/
It is part of Mexico’s history which has been kept a secret from the rest
AND
There is no such last name.” So we all changed our names.

These slaves represented the myth of the model minority through the “???” Korean immigrants were recognized as the best workers but excluded and treated like brutes due to their identity
? ’05 9/9/05, ?? correspondent for the Korean Times, “`Henequen' Recall 100 Years of Sorrow”, http://byeways.net/webreadings/readingcontent/1WORLD_web/2402.htm
MEXICO CITY _ When they left their homeland for a strange country across the Pacific
AND
they were given the nickname _ Henequen, pronounced ``aenikkaeng’’ by Koreans.

The story is the same throughout history – The narration of America is different by Asians. They faced a unique form of discrimination – one that excluded and degraded them but was kept silent through the myth of the model minority.
America is narrated differently by Asians, DETAINED as SUSPECTS until VERIFIED by INTENSIVE CROSS
AND
.  We can do no LESS than RECOGNIZE that Asians have LIFTED THEIR VOICE
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
A. Exclusion from Legal and Political Participation 1. Immigration and Naturalization America has
AND
were brave enough to raise their voices. We can do no less.

And the plight continues today – the experiences of ? Robert have demonstrated oppression against Asians – the only way to solve is to speak out against the silence
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
I am a second generation Korean American without any achievements in life and I have
AND
I am tired of silence. And so, I raise my voice.
?
And throughout broader society – the presence of minorities is policed by hostility and discrimination – they are locked between inclusion and ostracism, an UNJUST state in a nation that promises realized dreams
The PRESENCE of minority peoples invokes stories of HOSTILITY, OVERT DISCRIMINATION and VIOLENCE as SUBSTANTIALLY DISENFRANCHISED populations are separated from channels of power by RACE, RELIGION and LANGUAGE, locked in a position between INCLUSION and OSTRACISM, DOMINANT and the SUBORDINATE that seems UNJUST in a nation-state whose IDEALS promise REALIZED DREAMS to ALL.
Peffer ‘7 2007, Tony Peffer is a Professor at Ohio University Eastern. Tony-; Editor’s Preface; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. v
Minority peoples, whatever their location, struggle with the process of relating to and
AND
so great and whose ideals promise the possibility of realized dreams to all.

This manifestation of the model minority – portraying Asian Americans solely as hardworking others – without exposure of plight makes people resent and become unsympathetic to Asian Americans.
This has 3 implications. 

1. The oppression of Asian Americans continues.
   2. The Asian body is used to justify oppression of other minorities.
   3. Asians are viewed as privileged by other minorities when in reality that is not true.
   ? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
   B. The Model Minority Myth This history of discrimination and violence, as well
   AND
   classmates' eyes nodding in tacit agreement. A discussion of the "militant"
   voices in some of the other writings we had read in the course ensued.
   AND
   Americans while simultaneously legitimizing the oppression of other racial minorities and poor whites.
   Thus Gabe and I advocate through a process of conscientization, an interrogation of the myth of the model minority present the history of The United States Federal Government’s economic engagement toward Mexico.

Contention 3 is Conscientization

We often competitively participate in debate without ever considering the possibility for how debate can CHANGE the world – how the critical thinking and research skills we develop can provide MEANING and advance methodologies to liberate oppressed people often within our social location. – Our speech act focuses on the EPISTEMOLOGICAL GROWTH occurring from the activity and the development of critical consciousness –Debate becomes more than a game but a process of life leading to CONSCIENTIZATION
There is a REAL POSSIBILITY of young Asian Americans becoming CRITICALLY CONSCIOUS and POLITICALLY ACTIVE even in the post-Civil Rights climate in which political momentum has shifted to the right drowning student activism in a sea of apathy or hopelessness.  Asian Americans going against the grain realize the politics of conversion where NIHILISM is countered by BELIEF, HOPE and a MEANING to struggle.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
The fact that these young Asian Americans, from widely varying class, geographic,
AND
and conditions that contribute to the development of an Asian American critical consciousness.

US Economic engagement as well as the way we choose to discuss economic engagement policies neglects the presence of the Asian identity. Our critical examination of this year’s policy questions raises our consciousness of how we as Asians exist and see the world – this can create real change
Conscientization allows us to NAME the world, a meaningful education that helps RECOGNIZE and UNDERSTAND the impact that societal conditions and oppression have on our lives, a constant clarification of what remains hidden within us that sees the world dynamically in the making, inspiring us to work against oppression and become active in efforts to TRANSFORM the world.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
Conscientization for these respondents meant being able to “name their world.” That is
AND
world.  Naming the world was an important step toward actively changing it.

Each round is key to the development of Asian American critical consciousness
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
It is evident that young Asian Americans, like their 1960s counterparts, have continued
AND
oriented reflection, can help to move students toward an Asian American consciousness.

And our performance is key – debate has critical elements that contribute to conscientization that must be embraced for effective change
There are CRITICAL ELEMENTS that contribute to conscientization
Obtaining information to cognitively understand how lives and the lives of others are shaped by historical and social structural forces
Breaking through isolation and interrupting the tendency to explain life experiences SOLELY on the basis of individual terms
The realization that SCHOOLING has not interacted with the daily existence of racial groups and racialized experiences
GUIDED research that can affect social change
And the effective combination of all working together

Social activities that can allow individuals to see themselves in relation to the world, breaking away from BINARY CONSTRUCTIONS that separate academia from the social experience of individuals allows the rise of CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS necessary to make social change.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Given the profound change that conscientization had effected in the lives of respondents, it
AND
along with greater coordination of influences, is an important dimension of conscientization.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: Octas | Opponent: Edgemont JN | Judge: Jonah Garnik, Elanor Buse, Kevon Haughton
Contention 1 is My Story

I remember my mother telling me “join debate, you can improve your communication skills” 

So I listened to my mother and tried to assimilate into a society I would soon learn that was built to reject minorities

But as I gained success, I engaged debate as a competitor, to win it all and beat my opponents. You do not know who the Koo brothers are, you only know Centennial KK, a team people point to and say “Oh look at those Koreans, learning to debate so well and working hard to win tournaments.”

But what others know as Centennial KK, my mother knows as ? ? and ? ? – her two sons that she’s taken to the United States – land of promised dreams

She told me – Translation im proud of you taking care of your brother, I know your dad is not here, but you two keep working hard

So here I am, and it’s my senior year and I have a resolution that teaches us how to engage other people. Looks like my career has come full circle. I started out learning how to engage people and now it’s time to give it back. This year I choose to engage through who I AM, through my experiences with a diverse team, Daryl Burch, and exposure to non-traditional arguments.

Contention 2 is the Resolution

Korean immigration has been kept a secret in Mexican history. Lily Yi de Banales tells us her story of how they were forced to suffer on haciendas as foreingers in a foreign country.
Sevilla ’07 1/3/07, Elsa Sevilla is a staffwriter for the KPBS, “Descendants of Korean Immigrants to Mexico Remember the Past”, http://www.kpbs.org/news/2007/jan/03/descendants-of-korean-immigrants-to-mexico/
It is part of Mexico’s history which has been kept a secret from the rest
AND
There is no such last name.” So we all changed our names.

These slaves represented the myth of the model minority through the “???” Korean immigrants were recognized as the best workers but excluded and treated like brutes due to their identity
? ’05 9/9/05, ?? correspondent for the Korean Times, “`Henequen' Recall 100 Years of Sorrow”, http://byeways.net/webreadings/readingcontent/1WORLD_web/2402.htm
MEXICO CITY _ When they left their homeland for a strange country across the Pacific
AND
they were given the nickname _ Henequen, pronounced ``aenikkaeng’’ by Koreans.
?
The story is the same throughout history – The narration of America is different by Asians. They faced a unique form of discrimination – one that excluded and degraded them but was kept silent through the myth of the model minority.
America is narrated differently by Asians, DETAINED as SUSPECTS until VERIFIED by INTENSIVE CROSS
AND
.  We can do no LESS than RECOGNIZE that Asians have LIFTED THEIR VOICE
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
A. Exclusion from Legal and Political Participation 1. Immigration and Naturalization America has
AND
were brave enough to raise their voices. We can do no less.

And the plight continues today – the experiences of ? Robert have demonstrated oppression against Asians – the only way to solve is to speak out against the silence
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
I am a second generation Korean American without any achievements in life and I have
AND
I am tired of silence. And so, I raise my voice.

And throughout broader society – the presence of minorities is policed by hostility and discrimination – they are locked between inclusion and ostracism, an UNJUST state in a nation that promises realized dreams
The PRESENCE of minority peoples invokes stories of HOSTILITY, OVERT DISCRIMINATION and VIOLENCE as SUBSTANTIALLY DISENFRANCHISED populations are separated from channels of power by RACE, RELIGION and LANGUAGE, locked in a position between INCLUSION and OSTRACISM, DOMINANT and the SUBORDINATE that seems UNJUST in a nation-state whose IDEALS promise REALIZED DREAMS to ALL.
Peffer ‘7 2007, Tony Peffer is a Professor at Ohio University Eastern. Tony-; Editor’s Preface; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. v
Minority peoples, whatever their location, struggle with the process of relating to and
AND
so great and whose ideals promise the possibility of realized dreams to all.

This manifestation of the model minority – portraying Asian Americans solely as hardworking others – without exposure of plight makes people resent and become unsympathetic to Asian Americans.
This has 3 implications. 

1. The oppression of Asian Americans continues.
   2. The Asian body is used to justify oppression of other minorities.
   3. Asians are viewed as privileged by other minorities when in reality that is not true.
   ? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
   B. The Model Minority Myth This history of discrimination and violence, as well
   AND
   Americans while simultaneously legitimizing the oppression of other racial minorities and poor whites.

Thus Gabe and I advocate through a process of conscientization, an interrogation of the myth of the model minority present the history of The United States Federal Government’s economic engagement toward Mexico.

Contention 3 is Conscientization

We often competitively participate in debate without ever considering the possibility for how debate can CHANGE the world – how the critical thinking and research skills we develop can provide MEANING and advance methodologies to liberate oppressed people often within our social location. – Our speech act focuses on the EPISTEMOLOGICAL GROWTH occurring from the activity and the development of critical consciousness –Debate becomes more than a game but a process of life leading to CONSCIENTIZATION
There is a REAL POSSIBILITY of young Asian Americans becoming CRITICALLY CONSCIOUS and POLITICALLY ACTIVE even in the post-Civil Rights climate in which political momentum has shifted to the right drowning student activism in a sea of apathy or hopelessness.  Asian Americans going against the grain realize the politics of conversion where NIHILISM is countered by BELIEF, HOPE and a MEANING to struggle.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
The fact that these young Asian Americans, from widely varying class, geographic,
AND
and conditions that contribute to the development of an Asian American critical consciousness.

US Economic engagement as well as the way we choose to discuss economic engagement policies neglects the presence of the Asian identity. Our critical examination of this year’s policy questions raises our consciousness of how we as Asians exist and see the world – this can create real change
Conscientization allows us to NAME the world, a meaningful education that helps RECOGNIZE and UNDERSTAND the impact that societal conditions and oppression have on our lives, a constant clarification of what remains hidden within us that sees the world dynamically in the making, inspiring us to work against oppression and become active in efforts to TRANSFORM the world.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
Conscientization for these respondents meant being able to “name their world.” That is
AND
world.  Naming the world was an important step toward actively changing it.

Each round is key to the development of Asian American critical consciousness
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
It is evident that young Asian Americans, like their 1960s counterparts, have continued
AND
oriented reflection, can help to move students toward an Asian American consciousness.

And our performance is key – debate has critical elements that contribute to conscientization that must be embraced for effective change
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Given the profound change that conscientization had effected in the lives of respondents, it
AND
along with greater coordination of influences, is an important dimension of conscientization.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Mitchell Caminer
We do not endorse anything that could be construed as Abelist language within the discourse of our 1AC authors and have made a conscious attempt to remove any language predicated off that privilege

Contention 1 is the story continues

When I joined debate, I was told that I would become a better speaker – I would use improve my English skills to communicate with others and ECONOMICALLY ENGAGE with them. It’s ESOL all over again, learning to assimilate into a society built to reject me.

But I graduated ESOL and got better at this activity. As I gained success, I engaged debate as a competitor, to win it all and beat my opponents.
You do not know who the Koo brothers are, you only know Centennial KK, a team people point to and say “Oh look at those Koreans, learning to debate so well and working hard to win tournaments.”

My hard work, cutting cards through sleepless nights, assimilating to a traditional form of DEBATE has turned me into a model minority. 

But now it’s my senior year and I have a resolution that teaches us how to engage other people. Looks like my career has come full circle. I started out learning how to engage people and now it’s time to give it back. This year I choose to engage through who I AM, through my experiences with a diverse team, Daryl Burch, and exposure to non-traditional arguments.

Contention 2 is the Resolution

Korean immigration has been kept a secret in Mexican history. Forced labor on haciendas caused the immigrants to suffer as foreigners in a foreign country.  
Sevilla ’07 1/3/07, Elsa Sevilla is a staffwriter for the KPBS, “Descendants of Korean Immigrants to Mexico Remember the Past”, http://www.kpbs.org/news/2007/jan/03/descendants-of-korean-immigrants-to-mexico/
It is part of Mexico’s history which has been kept a secret from the rest
AND
There is no such last name.” So we all changed our names.

These slaves represented the myth of the model minority through the “???” Korean immigrants were recognized as the best workers but excluded and treated like brutes due to their identity
? ’05 9/9/05, ?? correspondent for the Korean Times, “`Henequen' Recall 100 Years of Sorrow”, http://byeways.net/webreadings/readingcontent/1WORLD_web/2402.htm
MEXICO CITY _ When they left their homeland for a strange country across the Pacific
AND
they were given the nickname _ Henequen, pronounced ``aenikkaeng’’ by Koreans.
?
The story is the same throughout history – The narration of America is different by Asians. They faced a unique form of discrimination – one that excluded and degraded them but was kept silent through the myth of the model minority.
America is narrated differently by Asians, DETAINED as SUSPECTS until VERIFIED by INTENSIVE CROSS
AND
.  We can do no LESS than RECOGNIZE that Asians have LIFTED THEIR VOICE
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
A. Exclusion from Legal and Political Participation 1. Immigration and Naturalization America has
AND
were brave enough to raise their voices. We can do no less.

And the plight continues today – the experiences of ? Robert have demonstrated oppression against Asians – the only way to solve is to let people know
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
I am a second generation Korean American without any achievements in life and I have
AND
I am tired of silence. And so, I raise my voice.

And throughout broader society – the presence of minorities is policed by hostility and discrimination – they are locked between inclusion and ostracism, an UNJUST state in a nation that promises realized dreams
The PRESENCE of minority peoples invokes stories of HOSTILITY, OVERT DISCRIMINATION and VIOLENCE as SUBSTANTIALLY DISENFRANCHISED populations are separated from channels of power by RACE, RELIGION and LANGUAGE, locked in a position between INCLUSION and OSTRACISM, DOMINANT and the SUBORDINATE that seems UNJUST in a nation-state whose IDEALS promise REALIZED DREAMS to ALL.
Peffer ‘7 2007, Tony Peffer is a Professor at Ohio University Eastern. Tony-; Editor’s Preface; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. v
Minority peoples, whatever their location, struggle with the process of relating to and
AND
so great and whose ideals promise the possibility of realized dreams to all.

This manifestation of the model minority – portraying Asian Americans solely as hardworking others – without exposure of plight makes people resent and become unsympathetic to Asian Americans.
This has 3 implications. 

1. The oppression of Asian Americans continues.
   2. Asians are used to justify oppression of other minorities.
   3. Asians are perceived as privileged by other minorities when in reality that is not true.
   ? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
   B. The Model Minority Myth This history of discrimination and violence, as well
   AND
   classmates' eyes nodding in tacit agreement. A discussion of the "militant"
   voices in some of the other writings we had read in the course ensued.
   AND
   Americans while simultaneously legitimizing the oppression of other racial minorities and poor whites.

Thus Gabe and I affirm a process of conscientization, in order to interrogate the United States Federal Government’s economic engagement toward Mexico.

Contention 3 is Conscientization

We often competitively participate in debate without ever considering the possibility for how debate can CHANGE the world – how the critical thinking and research skills we develop can provide MEANING and advance methodologies to liberate oppressed people often within our social location. – Our speech act focuses on the EPISTEMOLOGICAL GROWTH occurring from the activity and the development of critical consciousness –Debate becomes more than a game but a process of life leading to CONSCIENTIZATION
There is a REAL POSSIBILITY of young Asian Americans becoming CRITICALLY CONSCIOUS and POLITICALLY ACTIVE even in the post-Civil Rights climate in which political momentum has shifted to the right drowning student activism in a sea of apathy or hopelessness.  Asian Americans going against the grain realize the politics of conversion where NIHILISM is countered by BELIEF, HOPE and a MEANING to struggle.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
The fact that these young Asian Americans, from widely varying class, geographic,
AND
and conditions that contribute to the development of an Asian American critical consciousness.

US Economic engagement as well as the way we choose to discuss economic engagement policies neglects the presence of the Asian identity. Our critical examination of this year’s policy questions raises our consciousness of how we as Asians exist and perceive the world – this can create real change
Conscientization allows us to NAME the world, a meaningful education that helps RECOGNIZE and UNDERSTAND the impact that societal conditions and oppression have on our lives, a constant clarification of what remains hidden within us that sees the world dynamically in the making, inspiring us to work against oppression and become active in efforts to TRANSFORM the world.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
Conscientization for these respondents meant being able to “name their world.” That is
AND
world.  Naming the world was an important step toward actively changing it.

Each round is key to the development of Asian American critical consciousness
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
It is evident that young Asian Americans, like their 1960s counterparts, have continued
AND
oriented reflection, can help to move students toward an Asian American consciousness.

And our performance is key – debate has critical elements that contribute to conscientization that must be endorsed for effective change
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Given the profound change that conscientization had effected in the lives of respondents, it
AND
along with greater coordination of influences, is an important dimension of conscientization.

Tournament: Blake | Round: Semis | Opponent: University DK | Judge: Juan Garcia, Sam Varney, Kevon Haughton, Devon Murphy, Donnie Grasse
We do not endorse anything that could be construed as Abelist language within the discourse of our 1AC authors and have made a conscious attempt to remove any language predicated off that privilege

Contention 1 is My Story

I remember my mother telling me “join debate, you can improve your communication skills” 

So I listened to my mother and tried to assimilate into a society I would soon learn that was built to reject minorities

But as I gained success, I engaged debate as a competitor, to win it all and beat my opponents. You do not know who the Koo brothers are, you only know Centennial KK, a team people point to and say “Oh look at those Koreans, learning to debate so well and working hard to win tournaments.”

But what others know as Centennial KK, my mother knows as ? ? and ? ? – her two sons that she’s taken to the United States – land of promised dreams

She told me – Translation im proud of you taking care of your brother, I know your dad is not here, but you two keep working hard

It’s my senior year but I’ve learned more than just how to engage people. Gabe and I have had stark confrontation with our privilege by learning, researching, and advocating arguments about anti blackness during our debates. This exposure comes through my experiences with a diverse team and most importantly Daryl Burch. We realize that anti-blackness is the fulcrum of civil society and accept that, and now present our method to confront that

Contention 2 is the resolution. 

Korean immigration has been kept a secret in Mexican history. Lily Yi de Banales tells us her story of how they were forced to suffer on haciendas as foreingers in a foreign country.
Sevilla ’07 1/3/07, Elsa Sevilla is a staffwriter for the KPBS, “Descendants of Korean Immigrants to Mexico Remember the Past”, http://www.kpbs.org/news/2007/jan/03/descendants-of-korean-immigrants-to-mexico/
It is part of Mexico’s history which has been kept a secret from the rest
AND
There is no such last name.” So we all changed our names.

These slaves represented the myth of the model minority through the “???” Korean immigrants were recognized as the best workers but excluded and treated like brutes due to their identity
? ’05 9/9/05, ?? correspondent for the Korean Times, “`Henequen' Recall 100 Years of Sorrow”, http://byeways.net/webreadings/readingcontent/1WORLD_web/2402.htm
MEXICO CITY _ When they left their homeland for a strange country across the Pacific
AND
they were given the nickname _ Henequen, pronounced ``aenikkaeng’’ by Koreans.

This myth props up anti blackness in civil society. The right uses this to say the poverty of Latinos and African Americans MUST be explained by their own values.  Asian Americans VINDICATE the American Dream, living proof of the power of the free market and absence of racial discrimination.  

But this is even worse because the plight of the refuges gets lost in the averaging as south east Asian lumped into the category of Asian. Without embracing the silent policing of YELLOW bodies, the right co-opts REFORMS and uses the myth of the model minority as AMMUNITION.

THRUPKAEW Prospect Senior orrespondent 2k2
Noy-; The Myth of the Model Minority; THE AMERICAN PROSPECT; April 7;
http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_myth_of_the_model_minority
The model-minority myth has persisted in large part because political conservatives are so
AND
, so people don't know the specific needs and contributions of our communities."  

Southeast Asians DEFY definitions set out by the immigrant culture of poverty thesis, located
AND
the COLLATERAL DAMAGE, unintended targets, in the war against the underclass.
TANG Assistant Professor in the Department of African American Studies and the Asian American Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago  2000
Eric-; COLLATERAL DAMAGE:  Southeast Asian Poverty in the United States; SOCIAL TEXT 62; Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring; p.58-59.
 Following my discussion of the formation of an immigrant culture of poverty, I
AND
fully exposed-reveals that there is no such thing as the unintended.

We are a confrontation with the model minority – yes some Asian americans are hardworking others but the reason the myth is perpetuated is because asians and broader society believe in it – our exposure solves 3 impacts
This has 3 implications. 

1. The oppression of Asian Americans continues.
   2. The Asian body is used to justify oppression of other minorities.
   3. Asians are viewed as privileged by other minorities when in reality that is not true.
   ? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
   B. The Model Minority Myth This history of discrimination and violence, as well
   AND
   Americans while simultaneously legitimizing the oppression of other racial minorities and poor whites.

Gabe and I affirm a process of conscientization to expose the myth of the model minority that has been used as a justification for the position of the black body, therefore establishing a black culture of poverty.

Contention 3 is Conscientization

We often competitively participate in debate without ever considering the possibility for how debate can CHANGE the world – how the critical thinking and research skills we develop can provide MEANING and advance methodologies to liberate oppressed people often within our social location. – Our speech act focuses on the EPISTEMOLOGICAL GROWTH occurring from the activity and the development of critical consciousness –Debate becomes more than a game but a process of life leading to CONSCIENTIZATION
There is a REAL POSSIBILITY of young Asian Americans becoming CRITICALLY CONSCIOUS and POLITICALLY ACTIVE even in the post-Civil Rights climate in which political momentum has shifted to the right drowning student activism in a sea of apathy or hopelessness.  Asian Americans going against the grain realize the politics of conversion where NIHILISM is countered by BELIEF, HOPE and a MEANING to struggle.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
The fact that these young Asian Americans, from widely varying class, geographic,
AND
and conditions that contribute to the development of an Asian American critical consciousness.

US Economic engagement as well as the way we choose to discuss economic engagement policies neglects the presence of the Asian identity. Our critical examination of this year’s policy questions raises our consciousness of how we as Asians exist and perceive the world – this can create real change
Conscientization allows us to NAME the world, a meaningful education that helps RECOGNIZE and UNDERSTAND the impact that societal conditions and oppression have on our lives, a constant clarification of what remains hidden within us that sees the world dynamically in the making, inspiring us to work against oppression and become active in efforts to TRANSFORM the world.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
Conscientization for these respondents meant being able to “name their world.” That is
AND
world.  Naming the world was an important step toward actively changing it.

Each round is key to the development of Asian American critical consciousness
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
It is evident that young Asian Americans, like their 1960s counterparts, have continued
AND
oriented reflection, can help to move students toward an Asian American consciousness.

And our performance is key – debate has critical elements that contribute to conscientization that must be embraced for effective change
There are CRITICAL ELEMENTS that contribute to conscientization
Obtaining information to cognitively understand how lives and the lives of others are shaped by historical and social structural forces
Breaking through isolation and interrupting the tendency to explain life experiences SOLELY on the basis of individual terms
The realization that SCHOOLING has not interacted with the daily existence of racial groups and racialized experiences
GUIDED research that can affect social change
And the effective combination of all working together

Social activities that can allow individuals to see themselves in relation to the world, breaking away from BINARY CONSTRUCTIONS that separate academia from the social experience of individuals allows the rise of CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS necessary to make social change.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Given the profound change that conscientization had effected in the lives of respondents, it
AND
along with greater coordination of influences, is an important dimension of conscientization.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 5 | Opponent: Stratford OS | Judge: Kevin Bancroft
We do not endorse anything that could be construed as Abelist language within the discourse of our 1AC authors and have made a conscious attempt to remove any language predicated off that privilege

My process of being has ended – my process of becoming has begun

Contention 1 is the resolution

Korean immigration has been kept a secret in Mexico. Lily Yi de Banales tells us her story of how they were forced to suffer on haciendas as foreingers in a foreign country.
Sevilla ’07 1/3/07, Elsa Sevilla is a staffwriter for the KPBS, “Descendants of Korean Immigrants to Mexico Remember the Past”, http://www.kpbs.org/news/2007/jan/03/descendants-of-korean-immigrants-to-mexico/
It is part of Mexico’s history which has been kept a secret from the rest
AND
There is no such last name.” So we all changed our names.

These slaves represented the myth of the model minority through the “???” Korean immigrants were recognized as the best workers but excluded and treated like brutes due to their identity
? ’05 9/9/05, ?? correspondent for the Korean Times, “`Henequen' Recall 100 Years of Sorrow”, http://byeways.net/webreadings/readingcontent/1WORLD_web/2402.htm
MEXICO CITY _ When they left their homeland for a strange country across the Pacific
AND
they were given the nickname _ Henequen, pronounced ``aenikkaeng’’ by Koreans.

This myth props up anti blackness in civil society. The right uses this to say the poverty of Latinos and African Americans MUST be explained by their own values.  Asian Americans VINDICATE the American Dream, living proof of the power of the free market and absence of racial discrimination.  

But this is even worse because the plight of the refuges gets lost in the averaging as south east Asian lumped into the category of Asian. Without embracing the silent policing of YELLOW bodies, the right co-opts REFORMS and uses the myth of the model minority as AMMUNITION.

THRUPKAEW Prospect Senior orrespondent 2k2
Noy-; The Myth of the Model Minority; THE AMERICAN PROSPECT; April 7;
http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_myth_of_the_model_minority
The model-minority myth has persisted in large part because political conservatives are so
AND
, so people don't know the specific needs and contributions of our communities."  

These southeast asians have become the COLLATERAL DAMANGE in white supremacy’s effort to create a homogenous black culture of poverty
TANG Assistant Professor in the Department of African American Studies and the Asian American Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago  2000
Eric-; COLLATERAL DAMAGE:  Southeast Asian Poverty in the United States; SOCIAL TEXT 62; Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring; p.58-59.
 Following my discussion of the formation of an immigrant culture of poverty, I
AND
fully exposed-reveals that there is no such thing as the unintended.

We are a confrontation with the model minority – yes some Asian americans are hardworking others but the reason the myth is perpetuated is because asians and broader society believe in it – our exposure solves 3 impacts
This has 3 implications. 

1. The oppression of Asian Americans continues.
   2. The Asian body is used to justify oppression of other minorities.
   3. Asians are viewed as privileged by other minorities when in reality that is not true.
   ? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241

B. The Model Minority Myth This history of discrimination and violence, as well
AND
Americans while simultaneously legitimizing the oppression of other racial minorities and poor whites.

Gabe and I endorse a process of conscientization to expose the myth of the model minority that has been used as a justification for the position of the black body, therefore establishing a black culture of poverty.

Contention 3 is Conscientization

We often competitively participate in debate without ever considering the possibility for how debate can CHANGE the world – how the critical thinking and research skills we develop can provide MEANING and advance methodologies to liberate oppressed people often within our social location. – Our speech act focuses on the EPISTEMOLOGICAL GROWTH occurring from the activity and the development of critical consciousness –Debate becomes more than a game but a process of life leading to CONSCIENTIZATION
There is a REAL POSSIBILITY of young Asian Americans becoming CRITICALLY CONSCIOUS and POLITICALLY ACTIVE even in the post-Civil Rights climate in which political momentum has shifted to the right drowning student activism in a sea of apathy or hopelessness.  Asian Americans going against the grain realize the politics of conversion where NIHILISM is countered by BELIEF, HOPE and a MEANING to struggle.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
The fact that these young Asian Americans, from widely varying class, geographic,
AND
and conditions that contribute to the development of an Asian American critical consciousness.

US Economic engagement as well as the way we choose to discuss economic engagement policies neglects the presence of the Asian identity. Our critical examination of this year’s policy questions raises our consciousness of how we as Asians exist and perceive the world – this can create real change
Conscientization allows us to NAME the world, a meaningful education that helps RECOGNIZE and UNDERSTAND the impact that societal conditions and oppression have on our lives, a constant clarification of what remains hidden within us that sees the world dynamically in the making, inspiring us to work against oppression and become active in efforts to TRANSFORM the world.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
Conscientization for these respondents meant being able to “name their world.” That is
AND
world.  Naming the world was an important step toward actively changing it.

Each round is key to the development of Asian American critical consciousness
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
It is evident that young Asian Americans, like their 1960s counterparts, have continued
AND
oriented reflection, can help to move students toward an Asian American consciousness.

And our performance is key – debate has critical elements that contribute to conscientization that must be embraced for effective change
There are CRITICAL ELEMENTS that contribute to conscientization
Obtaining information to cognitively understand how lives and the lives of others are shaped by historical and social structural forces
Breaking through isolation and interrupting the tendency to explain life experiences SOLELY on the basis of individual terms
The realization that SCHOOLING has not interacted with the daily existence of racial groups and racialized experiences
GUIDED research that can affect social change
And the effective combination of all working together

Social activities that can allow individuals to see themselves in relation to the world, breaking away from BINARY CONSTRUCTIONS that separate academia from the social experience of individuals allows the rise of CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS necessary to make social change.
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Given the profound change that conscientization had effected in the lives of respondents, it
AND
along with greater coordination of influences, is an important dimension of conscientization.

Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: GBS CM | Judge: Ben Crossan
My process of being has ended – my process of becoming has started

Consciention 1 is exposition

Korean immigration has been kept a secret in Mexico. Lily Yi de Banales tells us her story of how they were slaves on Henequen plantations.
Sevilla ’07 1/3/07, Elsa Sevilla is a staffwriter for the KPBS, “Descendants of Korean Immigrants to Mexico Remember the Past”, http://www.kpbs.org/news/2007/jan/03/descendants-of-korean-immigrants-to-mexico/
It is part of Mexico’s history which has been kept a secret from the rest
AND
There is no such last name.” So we all changed our names.

These slaves represented the myth of the model minority through the “???” Korean immigrants were recognized as the best workers but excluded
? ’05 9/9/05, ?? correspondent for the Korean Times, “`Henequen' Recall 100 Years of Sorrow”, http://byeways.net/webreadings/readingcontent/1WORLD_web/2402.htm
MEXICO CITY _ When they left their homeland for a strange country across the Pacific
AND
they were given the nickname _ Henequen, pronounced ``aenikkaeng’’ by Koreans.

This myth is alive and well in current society – Asian Americans vindicate the American dream, they are living proof of the power of the free market and absence of racial discrimination. 

But this is problematic for some Asian groups – the plight of the southeast Asian refugee gets lost in the averaging as south east asians are lumped into the category of Asian,
THRUPKAEW Prospect Senior orrespondent 2k2
Noy-; The Myth of the Model Minority; THE AMERICAN PROSPECT; April 7;
http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_myth_of_the_model_minority
The model-minority myth has persisted in large part because political conservatives are so
AND
, so people don't know the specific needs and contributions of our communities."  

But this violence is silent – the right covers up this exception to uphold the model minority myth
Thrupkaew ‘2 4/7/02, Noy Thrupkaew is a prospect senior correspondent. “The Myth of the Model Minority,” The American Prospect, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_myth_of_the_model_minority
But the majority of refugees from Southeast Asia had no such advantages. Subsequent waves
AND
, conservative policy makers have largely ignored the needs of Southeast Asian communities. 

THE MYTH IS FALSE – Koreans are seen as model minority but they are also the forever foreigner – this ideology of being in the middle causes psychological violence
Kim ‘8 2008, Nadia Kim is an assistant professor of sociology at Loyola Marymount University. “Imperial Citizens: Koreans and Race from Seoul to LA,” p.168
If segmented assimilation theory (Portes and Zhou 1993) were to integrate social citizenship
AND
these themes emerged in Koreans’ descriptions of their bouts with prejudice and discrimination.

The myth creates a discourse of the immigrant as the “deserving poor” which justifies a decided black underclass
Tang ‘2K 2000, Eric Tang is an Assistant professor in the department of African American studies and the Asian American studies program at the University of Illinois at Chicago. “Collateral Damage: Southeast Asian Poverty in the United States; Social Text 62; Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring
Allowing our optimism to gain the best of us, we may view any resistance
AND
and survival, as opposed to the devolution of a decidedly black underclass.

We are a confrontation with the model minority – we rid white supremacy of the vector of oppressionv it uses to police minority bodies
This resolves 3 impacts 

1. The psychological violence of Asian Americans
   2. The oppression of other minorities that white supremacy justifies through the myth
   3.  The resentment between minority groups
   ? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
   B. The Model Minority Myth This history of discrimination and violence, as well
   AND
   Americans while simultaneously legitimizing the oppression of other racial minorities and poor whites.

Gabe and I affirm a process of conscientization to expose the myth of the model minority that has been used as a justification for the position of the black body

Consciention 2 is Conscientization

We often competitively participate in debate without ever considering the possibility for how debate can CHANGE the world – how the critical thinking and research skills we develop can provide MEANING and advance methodologies to liberate oppressed people often within our social location. – Our speech act focuses on the EPISTEMOLOGICAL GROWTH occurring from the activity and the development of critical consciousness –Debate becomes more than a game but a process of life leading to CONSCIENTIZATION
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
The fact that these young Asian Americans, from widely varying class, geographic,
AND
and conditions that contribute to the development of an Asian American critical consciousness.

Our is method is conscientization – a process of constant clarification that allows us to name the world and perceive how we exist in it – through this dynamic process we have come to realizations – like the fact that there could be derogatory language within the discourse of our 1AC authors which we have made a conscious attempt to remove – we have already begun and will continue to create real change
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p. 64
Conscientization for these respondents meant being able to “name their world.” That is
AND
world.  Naming the world was an important step toward actively changing it.

Experimental learning activities like debate are necessary for conscientization
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
It is evident that young Asian Americans, like their 1960s counterparts, have continued
AND
oriented reflection, can help to move students toward an Asian American consciousness.

Our performance is critical – debate has elements that contribute to conscientization that must be embraced for effective change
Osajima ‘7 2007, Keith Osajima is a professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program at the University of Redlands.  REPLENISHING THE RANKS:  Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; JOURNAL OF ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES (JAAS), February, Volume 10, No. 1; p.. 74-76
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Given the profound change that conscientization had effected in the lives of respondents, it
AND
along with greater coordination of influences, is an important dimension of conscientization.

Trofanenko ‘5 2005, Brenda Trofanenko is a research chair in education, culture, and community at Acadia University. “On Defense of the Nation,” The Social Studies, 96.5, 193+; http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.binghamton.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE7CA139957613andv=2.1andu=bingulandit=randp=AONEandsw=w
Knowing how history is a site of political struggle, how we engage with social
AND
but rather an opportunity for genuine productive study, discussion, and learning.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: HoFlo DM | Judge: David Gobberdevil
Plan: The United States federal government should provide technical assistance to the United Mexican States for the implementation of domestic intellectual property protections modeled after the United States federal government’s implementation of intellectual property law, including but not limited to, the Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act of 1980

Contention one is biotech

The plan is key to US and Mexican biotech development—revolutionizes the manufacturing industry
Surpin, ‘7 October 2007, Beni Surpin is the CEO of Biocom with a Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,”, http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/
With so many research institutions, universities, and biotechnology companies located in the U
AND
the two countries, as well as the region as a whole.

IP modeling is the vital internal link to cooperation and innovation in the life sciences
Surpin, ‘7 October 2007, Beni Surpin is the CEO of Biocom with a Master of Public Health from the University of Pittsburgh, “Moving Technology Across the Border: The Future of Biotech for the U.S. and Mexico,”, http://www.latinolawblog.com/2007/10/articles/crossborder-insolvency/moving-technology-across-the-border-the-future-of-biotech-for-the-us-and-mexico/
Historically, the collaborative efforts between the U.S. and Mexico in the
AND
regional biotech partners and collectively push the biotechnology industry to new levels.

Crossborder cooperation catalyzes biotech innovation—that spillsover internationally and establishes an international model for life sciences
SDD, ‘7 June 2007, The San Diego Dialogue is a division of the a division of University of California San Diego Extension which contributes to the advancement of research, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf
This document is yet another part of a continuing effort to describe Mexico’s evolution in
AND
job growth, new discoveries, and a world of borderless biotech.

Mexico is key—has expertise and a strong base that is necessary to spur innovation
SDD, ‘7 June 2007, The San Diego Dialogue is a division of the a division of University of California San Diego Extension which contributes to the advancement of research, “Borderless Biotech and Mexico’s Emerging Life Sciences Industry,” http://www.sandiegodialogue.org/pdfs/Borderless_Biotech.pdf
In most discussions about the global life sciences industry, Mexico is not usually considered
AND
and microbial genomes of potential use for agricultural, medical and industrial applications. 

Expansion of the life sciences solve multiple scenarios for extinction
NAS, ‘8 December 3rd, 2008, National Academy of Sciences, “The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop”, Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies
A Critical Time for the Life Sciences Speaker after speaker at the Summit agreed:
AND
biological processes at work in the oceans can humans live sustainably on earth.

Biotech solves extinction
Trewavas, ‘2k June 5th, 2000, Anthony Trewavas is from the Institute of cell and molecular biology at the University of Edinburgh,  “GM Is the Best Option We Have,” www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html
In 535A.D. a volcano near the present Krakatoa exploded with the force
AND
principle in recent years; my version of it is "be prepared".

Robust IP protection for University scientists is necessary to spur genomic medicine in Mexico
March et al, ‘8 August 18th, 2013, Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez, Irma Silva-Zolezzi, Alfredo Hidalgo, and  Santiago March from the National Institute of Genomic Medicine, “Genomic medicine in Mexico: Initial steps and the road ahead,” http://genome.cshlp.org/content/18/8/1191.full
Developing genomic medicine in Mexico and taking it to a leadership level where medical applications
AND
and public research institutions for specific projects, including those in genomic medicine.

Mexico is a KEY knowledge center for industrial enzymes and genomics—eliminating IPR issues creates opportunities for U.S. Cooperation and development of alternative energy and pharmaceutical products on a large scale—that solves diseases
Quezada, ‘6 April 2006, Fernando Quezada is Executive Director of the Biotechnology Center of Excellence Corporation, a Massachusetts-based organisation advising international public and private sector agencies in biotechnology development programmes, Commercial biotechnology in Latin America: Current opportunities and challenges
Mexico Mexico represents the tenth biggest economy in the world today and is a destination
AND
leadership among the countries of the region and among the industrial sectors themselves.

H5N1 and other deadly pathogens will escape from BSL-4 labs—the impact is extinction
Wilson, ’13 April 15th, 2013, Grant Wilson is a Professional Associate at the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and J.D. from Lewis and Clark Law School, "Minimizing Global Catastrophic and Existential Risks from Emerging Technologies through International Law," http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2179094
NOTE: GCR/ER = Global Catastrophic and Existential Risk
An accidental release of a bioengineered microorganism during legitimate research poses a GCR/ER
AND
with unknown but potentially catastrophic consequences, thus establishing a GCR/ER. 

There are no vaccines for H5N1
Begley 12 February 16th, 2012, Sharon Begley, "How secure are labs handling world’s deadliest pathogens?," http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/16/us-health-biosecurity-idUSTRE81E0R420120216
Last year, labs at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and Erasmus MC
AND
, at a symposium at the New York Academy of Sciences this month.

Drug-resistant TB strains are developing in Mexico—spreads quickly and is airborne
Wall Street Journal 13 March 8th, 2013, Wall Street Journal is a new source, “Risk of Deadly TB Exposure Grows Along U.S.-Mexico Border,” https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/tb-roundtable/N3ec0AnfzZA
The Tijuana General Hospital TB Clinic in Mexico is working to treat drug-resistant
AND
, then spearheaded India's TB-fighting program for the World Health Organization.

And, XDR TB spread risks becoming a pandemic—puts the global population at risk
Bio-Medicine, ‘7 2007, one of the Internet’s leading online Organizations devoted to biology and medicine (s/o to erin), “The Dreaded Disease Tuberculosis Raises Its Ugly Head”, http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/The-Dreaded-Disease-Tuberculosis-Raises-Its-Ugly-Head-20674-1/
When Mr. Andrew Speaker and his wife returned to United States from Europe they
AND
more difficult and expensive to treat, the highly lethal XDR-TB.

Reject your cognitive bias—we have been extremely lucky in the past
Klotz, ’12 August 7th, 2012, Lynn C. Klotz is a
Senior Science Fellow at the Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation and a long-time member of the Scientists’ Working Group on Chemical and Biological Weapons, "The unacceptable risks of a man-made pandemic," http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-unacceptable-risks-of-man-made-pandemic
What is the likelihood that the virus's escape could lead to a pandemic? Too
AND
an average of two to three others, the key measure of contagiousness.
 ?
Breakthroughs are crucial—their defense doesn’t assume mutation, population size, bio-engineering, or globalization
Darling, ’12 March 18th, 2012, David Darling is a British Astronomer,
 “9 Strange Ways the World Really Might End,” http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2012/03/18/9-strange-ways-the-world-really-might-end/?fb_xd_fragment
Catastrophometer Scale 7.5: The enemy within (Pandemics) Our body is
AND
marsupial in Australia) the very survival of our species could be threatened.

Burnout theory is a fallacy
Casadevall 12 March 21st, 2012, Arturo Casaveall is a professor of Microbiology and Immunology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Arturo, “The future of biological warfare,” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00340.x/full
In considering the importance of biological warfare as a subject for concern it is worthwhile
AND
acquired the capacity for pathogenicity as a consequence of natural evolution or bioengineering.

Contention two is the Mexican Economy

Brain drain collapses Mexico’s economy
Arenas, ’12 April 20th, 2012, Gabriel Arenas is a journalist, “Flip Side of Mexican Immigration: Brain Drain,” http://cojmc.unl.edu/mosaic/2012/04/20/1642/
“The problem is very serious,” said Alejandro Diaz-Bautista, an economics
AND
“Their migration needs to be reversed, or Mexico risks its future.”

It’s not getting better—current Mexican economic forecasts are bleak
Rindebro, ’13 August 27th, 2013, Ulric Rindebro is a writer at BN Americas, “Market may be overly optimistic on Mexico's economic recovery potential”, http://www.bnamericas.com/news/banking/market-may-be-overly-optimistic-on-mexicos-economic-recovery- unemployed potential-ing
The market may be overly optimistic on the potential recovery of the Mexican economy in
AND
results in a sharp increase in the tax burden," ING pointed out.

Only the plan Solves—RandD, Domestic Innovation, Preventing Brain Drain, Technology Transfers, and Job Creation
Schiappacasse 04 2004, Mikhaelle Schiappacasse acts for investment funds and their managers on general corporate, regulatory and compliance matters as well as negotiating prime brokerage and derivatives documentation, “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN CHINA: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT”, http://wings.buffalo.edu/law/biplj/biplj224.pdf
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN IPRs AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT There is a robust dialogue concerning the effect
AND
are unlikely to register where there is a high risk of infringement. 29

Two Impacts –
First, The US Economy:
Mexico’s economy is critical to the US – collapse causes decline of US economy and competitiveness
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
The Binational Road Forward. Mexico has come a long way in the last three
AND
already seen both sides of the border before hitting the showroom down south.

And, the US is key to the global economy
Caploe 9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,”  http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf
IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
AND
- has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.

And, global economic decline leads to miscalculation – that escalates
Harris and Burrows, ‘09 Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

And, broad studies prove our argument
Royal, ‘10 2010, Jedediah Royal is the Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives”, ed. By Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

And, competitiveness solves Great power war
Baru, ‘9 March 2009, Sanjaya Barus is visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009, pages 163 – 168
Hence, economic policies and performance do have strategic consequences. In the modern era
AND
nations to project power by mobilizing and deploying financial resources to that end.

A strong Mexico would boost multilateral cooperation – a collapse would cause international fallout. Relations are critical
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
Mexico's Crossroads. After nearly three
AND
consequences as Mexico faces its future.

US multilateralism is critical to legitimacy that solves extinction
Ikenberry ’2 John Ikenberry, Professor of Geopolitics and Global Justice @ Georgetown, October 2002, "America's Imperial Ambition—Foreign Affairs, lexis
Pitfalls accompany this neoimperial grand strategy,
AND
self-encirclement by their own overestimation of their power.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington KF | Judge: Kirk Evans, Stephen Pipkin
1AC – Plan
Plan: The United States Federal Government should implement the agreement between the United States and United Mexican States concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico

1AC – Relations
Contention 1 is Relations

US Mexico relations are at a pivotal point – failure to ratify the Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement erodes trusts and collapses relations
Kerry et al. ‘12 December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm
Perhaps the most important U.S.-specific benefits of the TBA are three
AND
companies could be shut out of certain opportunities until the TBA is ratified. 

Now is the time – investment in oil is the only thing that solves
Rubenstein ‘3-14 4/14/13, David M.
AND
U.S. Energy Security: Enhancing Partnerships with Mexico and Canada,”
The agreement also comes at a critical time for reform in the Mexican oil industry
AND
will be noticed, with potentially negative consequences for the broader bilateral relationship.

Effective cooperation is the only way to resolve the drug war
Brzezinski ‘12 2012, Zbigniew Brzezinski is a former National Security Adviser, “Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power”, pp. 198-199
Defeating the narcotics pandemic would become exponentially more difficult if the United States declined,
AND
a state would stimulate further anti-Mexican tendencies in the United States.

A strong Mexico would boost multilateral cooperation – a collapse would cause international fallout. Relations are critical
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
Mexicoand#39;s Crossroads. After nearly three transformative decades, Mexico is still in the midst
AND
misguided poli¬cies have and will have real consequences as Mexico faces its future.

US multilateralism is critical to legitimacy that solves extinction
Ikenberry ’2 John Ikenberry, Professor of Geopolitics and Global Justice @ Georgetown, October 2002, and#34;Americaand#39;s Imperial Ambition—Foreign Affairs, lexis
Pitfalls accompany this neoimperial grand strategy, however. Unchecked U.S. power
AND
tend to trigger self-encirclement by their own overestimation of their power.

1AC – PEMEX
Contention 2 is Pemex

Pemex is dying due to decreased production – reforms to spur deep water drilling and private investment is needed to revitalize Pemex
Kerry et al. ‘12 December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm
Progress, but can it last? A snapshot of Mexico’s oil sector Mexico has
AND
poverty alleviation to the rule of law, let alone broader economic growth.

Current reforms are insufficient – International oil companies are deterred and privatization is not happening
Otillar ‘135/1/13, Steven Otillar, has been representing clients in the development, finance, acquisition and divestiture of domestic and international energy projects for over 15 years, with a particular emphasis on upstream projects in emerging markets, May 1, 2013, “Outlook for Mexicoand#39;s Oil Industry -- Opportunities and Obstacles”, http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf.
The Need for Reform Production from Mexico’s shallow offshore fields, including Cantarell, continues
AND
the number, type and complexity of projects being pursued in the aggregate.

TBA solves – it allows cooperation that leads to private investment in Mexico, increased production, and broader reforms
Brown and Meacham ’13 6/5/13 Neil Brown and Carl Meacham, Brown is non-resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Meacham is director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 6, 2013, “Time for US-Mexico Transboundary Agreement”, http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement.
The United States-Mexico Transboundary Agreement (TBA) would enable cooperation between our
AND
partners. That is good for Mexico and for the U.S.

And ONLY the TBA can lead to sustained Mexican oil production – solves growth
Kerry et al. ‘12 December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm
The centerpiece of the TBA is the mandate to establish so-called ‘‘unitization’’
AND
and friendly neighbor, Mexican oil imports support U.S. energy security

And the warrant is reverse casual – oil decline causes Mexican economic collapse
Krauss and Malkin ‘10 3/8/10, Clifford Kraus and Elisabeth Malkin, Krauss is a national business correspondent based in Houston covering energy for the NYT, Malkin covers environmental and energy news especially for Mexico for the NYT, “Mexico Oil Politics Keeps Riches Just Out of Reach”, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0.
VENUSTIANO CARRANZA, Mexico — To the Mexican people, one of the great achievements
AND
, Pemex is in a key moment in its history,” he said.

Mexico’s economy is critical to the US – collapse causes decline of US economy and competitiveness
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
The Binational Road Forward. Mexico has come a long way in the last three
AND
already seen both sides of the border before hitting the showroom down south.

Competitiveness solves Great power war
Baru, ‘9 March 2009, Sanjaya Barus is visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009, pages 163 – 168
Hence, economic policies and performance do have strategic consequences. In the modern era
AND
they will do so once again in todayand#39;s America remains to be seen.

The US is key to the global economy
Caploe ‘9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,”  http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf
IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
AND
- has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.

Global economic decline leads to miscalculation and crisis escalation—escalates
Harris and Burrows, ‘09 Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Broad studies prove our argument
Royal, ‘10 2010, Jedediah Royal is the Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives”, ed. By Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

Our method is best – it is falsifiable
Weede ‘4 2004, Erich, professor of sociology at the University of Bonn, Germany, In Winter 1986-87, he was Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Bologna Center of The Johns Hopkins University, “BALANCE OF POWER, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE CAPITALIST PEACE,” http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance20of20Power,20Globalization20and20Capitalist20Peace.pdf
If one does research or summarize the research of others – of course, most
AND
hodgepodge of ambiguous hunches, contradictory thinking, and unsystematically evaluated empirical evidence.

1AC – Oil Spills
Contention 3 is oil spills 

We control uniqueness – Pemex is about to drill alone – they don’t have the safety to prevent a spill
Shields ‘12 2/20/12, David Shields is an independent energy analyst based in Mexico City, quoted by the Inter-American Dialogue. “Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?” Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1
and#34;They say that if a country does not defend its borders, then others
AND
has come and gone. The next disaster is just waiting to happen.and#34;

The plan is solves – creates joint inspections and US expertise that prevens spills
Broder and Krauss ‘12 2/20/12, John M. Broder reported from Washington, and Clifford Krauss from Houston, both for the New York Times. “U.S. in Accord With Mexico on Drilling”, February 20, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/world/americas/mexico-and-us-agree-on-oil-and-gas-development-in-gulf.html?_r=1andref=americas
WASHINGTON — The United States and Mexico reached agreement on Monday on regulating oil and
AND
to argue that his policies have led to a surge in domestic production.

It spills over to the entire Gulf of Mexico
Velarde ‘12 3/19/12, Velarde is an Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, admitted in Mexico in 1988, and in the State of New York in 1991. Mr. López-Velarde held various positions at Pemex during 1988-1993, including that of Financial Advisor to the Finance Department, In-House Counsel in Houston, Texas, In-House Counsel in New York, and Head of the International Legal Department of Pemex. He was honored with the “Most Distinguished Attorney Award” of Pemex for the period 1990-1991. “US-Mexican treaty on Gulf of Mexico transboundary reservoirs”, International Law Office, http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?g=b9326bf8-f27f-43ff-b45a-1b2b70ccb217
Pemex has indicated that it has no information to confirm the existence of a transboundary
AND
) would agree to harmonise applicable standards only in respect of transboundary reservoirs.

Your resiliency arguments don’t apply to the Gulf – BP put us on the brink
Craig ‘11 12/20/11, Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839
Importantly, however, the second aspect of resilience theory acknowledges that ecosystems can exist
AND
tourism and the environment on which they depend for future generations.”16

The Gulf is a key ocean biodiversity hotspot
Brenner ‘8 3/14/08,  Jorge Brenner, and#34;Guarding the Gulf of Mexicoand#39;s valuable resourcesand#34; www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html
Rich in biodiversity and habitats¶ The Gulf of Mexico is rich in biodiversity and
AND
in the North Atlantic that helps to regulate the climate of western Europe.

Extinction
Clark and Downes ‘6 2006, Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, and David Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, , What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html
Biodiversity is the diversity of life on earth, on which we depend for our
AND
we lose the opportunity for mental or spiritual rejuvenation through contact with nature.

Outweighs any other impact
Chen ‘2K Jim Chen is a Professor of law U of Minnesota, Now Dean of Law School at Louisville “Globalization and Its Losers”, 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157’
The spread of Homo sapiens around the earth have brought about mass extinctions and related
AND
by Homo sapiens - in ten million years, perhaps a hundred million.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science DM | Judge: Brian Kersch
Plan: The United States Federal Government should implement the agreement between the United States and United Mexican States concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico

Contention 1 is Pemex

Pemex is dying due to decreased production – reforms to spur deep water drilling and private investment is needed to revitalize Pemex
Kerry et al. ‘12 December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm
Progress, but can it last? A snapshot of Mexico’s oil sector Mexico has
AND
poverty alleviation to the rule of law, let alone broader economic growth.

Current reforms are insufficient – International oil companies are deterred and privatization is not happening
Otillar ‘135/1/13, Steven Otillar, has been representing clients in the development, finance, acquisition and divestiture of domestic and international energy projects for over 15 years, with a particular emphasis on upstream projects in emerging markets, May 1, 2013, “Outlook for Mexico's Oil Industry -- Opportunities and Obstacles”, http://cdn.akingump.com/images/content/2/3/v2/23206/Akin-Otillar.pdf.
The Need for Reform Production from Mexico’s shallow offshore fields, including Cantarell, continues
AND
the number, type and complexity of projects being pursued in the aggregate.

TBA solves – it allows cooperation that leads to private investment in Mexico, increased production, and broader reforms
Brown and Meacham ’13 6/5/13 Neil Brown and Carl Meacham, Brown is non-resident fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Meacham is director of the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 6, 2013, “Time for US-Mexico Transboundary Agreement”, http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/303739-time-for-us-mexico-transboundary-agreement.
The United States-Mexico Transboundary Agreement (TBA) would enable cooperation between our
AND
partners. That is good for Mexico and for the U.S.

And ONLY the TBA can lead to sustained Mexican oil production – solves growth
Kerry et al. ‘12 December/2012, JOHN F. KERRY is the secretary of state in the United States, ¶ BARBARA BOXER, California RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana¶ ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey BOB CORKER, Tennessee¶ BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho¶ ROBERT P. CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania MARCO RUBIO, Florida¶ JIM WEBB, Virginia JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma¶ JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JIM DeMINT, South Carolina¶ CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia¶ RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming¶ TOM UDALL, New Mexico MIKE LEE, Utah¶ William C. Danvers, Staff Director ¶ Kenneth A. Myers, Jr., Republican Staff Director, “OIL, MEXICO, AND THE AGREEMENT”, December 2012, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CPRT-112SPRT77567/html/CPRT-112SPRT77567.htm
The centerpiece of the TBA is the mandate to establish so-called ‘‘unitization’’
AND
and friendly neighbor, Mexican oil imports support U.S. energy security

And the warrant is reverse casual – oil decline causes Mexican economic collapse
Krauss and Malkin ‘10 3/8/10, Clifford Kraus and Elisabeth Malkin, Krauss is a national business correspondent based in Houston covering energy for the NYT, Malkin covers environmental and energy news especially for Mexico for the NYT, “Mexico Oil Politics Keeps Riches Just Out of Reach”, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/business/global/09pemex.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0.
VENUSTIANO CARRANZA, Mexico — To the Mexican people, one of the great achievements
AND
, Pemex is in a key moment in its history,” he said.

Mexican growth is good
Cohen 7-30 7/30/13, Luc Cohen is a Reporter for Reuters. “Mexico's Poverty Rate: Half Of Country's Population Lives In Poverty”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/29/mexico-poverty_n_3673568.html
POVERTY TRAP While the number of people living in extreme poverty fell to 11.
AND
to grow at a faster clip in order to lower the poverty rate. 

Mexico’s economy is critical to the US – collapse causes decline of US economy and competitiveness
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
The Binational Road Forward. Mexico has come a long way in the last three
AND
already seen both sides of the border before hitting the showroom down south.

The US is key to the global economy
Caploe ‘9 David is the Chief Political Economist at Economy Watch and holds a PhD in International Political Economy from Princeton. April 7, 2009, The Straits Times, “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,”  http://acalaha.com/STarticle07Apr09.pdf
IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
AND
- has cascaded into the worst global economic crisis since the Great Depression.

Global economic decline leads to miscalculation and crisis escalation—escalates
Harris and Burrows, ‘09 Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Broad studies prove our argument
Royal, ‘10 2010, Jedediah Royal is the Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives”, ed. By Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

Our method is best – it is falsifiable
Weede ‘4 2004, Erich, professor of sociology at the University of Bonn, Germany, In Winter 1986-87, he was Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Bologna Center of The Johns Hopkins University, “BALANCE OF POWER, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE CAPITALIST PEACE,” http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance20of20Power,20Globalization20and20Capitalist20Peace.pdf
If one does research or summarize the research of others – of course, most
AND
hodgepodge of ambiguous hunches, contradictory thinking, and unsystematically evaluated empirical evidence.

We can make good true predictions for the economy
DOUGLAS W. HANDS 84 Department of Economics University of Puget Sound What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg Source: Philosophy of Science, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Sep., 1984), pp. 495-503 http://www.jstor.org/stable/187496

1. Economic Predictions. Much of Rosenberg's discussion is directed toward explaining the "
   AND
   its predictive failings are not as great as Rosenberg would have us believe. 

Rational choice theory is accurate
Camerer 6 - American behavioral economist and a Robert Kirby Professor of Behavioral Finance and Economics at the California Institute of Technology (Colin, “Neuroeconomics:
Using neuroscience to make economic predictions”, May 2 of 2006, http://www.hss.caltech.edu/~camerer/Hahn06v3.pdf)//AW
In many simple choice domains, evolution has had a long time to sculpt pan
AND
, obeying the GARP axiom, when exchanging tokens for different food rewards.

No other agreement with Mexico compares to the TBA – the cooperation is unique and puts Mexico on the US’s level and puts them as our equal
Vargas ‘12 October 2012, Jorge A. Vargas is University of San Diego Law professor. “The 2012 U.S.-Mexico Agreement on Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico: A Blueprint for Progress or a Recipe for Conflict?”, San Diego International Law Journal; Fall2012, Vol. 14 Issue 1, Lexis
III. The 2012 United States-Mexico Agreement on Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the
AND
States such as the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Canada.

Contention 2 is oil spills 

We control uniqueness – Pemex is about to drill alone – they don’t have the safety to prevent a spill
Shields ‘12 2/20/12, David Shields is an independent energy analyst based in Mexico City, quoted by the Inter-American Dialogue. “Q and A: Is Mexico Prepared for Deepwater Drilling in the Gulf?” Inter-American Dialogue, February 20-24, http://repository.unm.edu/bitstream/handle/1928/20477/Is20Mexico20Prepared20for20Deepwater20Drilling20in20the20Gulf.pdf?sequence=1
"They say that if a country does not defend its borders, then others
AND
has come and gone. The next disaster is just waiting to happen."

The plan is solves – creates joint inspections and US expertise that prevens spills
Broder and Krauss ‘12 2/20/12, John M. Broder reported from Washington, and Clifford Krauss from Houston, both for the New York Times. “U.S. in Accord With Mexico on Drilling”, February 20, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/world/americas/mexico-and-us-agree-on-oil-and-gas-development-in-gulf.html?_r=1andref=americas
WASHINGTON — The United States and Mexico reached agreement on Monday on regulating oil and
AND
to argue that his policies have led to a surge in domestic production.

It spills over to the entire Gulf of Mexico
Velarde ‘12 3/19/12, Velarde is an Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, admitted in Mexico in 1988, and in the State of New York in 1991. Mr. López-Velarde held various positions at Pemex during 1988-1993, including that of Financial Advisor to the Finance Department, In-House Counsel in Houston, Texas, In-House Counsel in New York, and Head of the International Legal Department of Pemex. He was honored with the “Most Distinguished Attorney Award” of Pemex for the period 1990-1991. “US-Mexican treaty on Gulf of Mexico transboundary reservoirs”, International Law Office, http://www.internationallawoffice.com/newsletters/detail.aspx?g=b9326bf8-f27f-43ff-b45a-1b2b70ccb217
Pemex has indicated that it has no information to confirm the existence of a transboundary
AND
) would agree to harmonise applicable standards only in respect of transboundary reservoirs.

Your resiliency arguments don’t apply to the Gulf – BP put us on the brink
Craig ‘11 12/20/11, Robin Kundis Craig, Attorneys’ Title Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, Tallahassee, Florida, “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: A Match Made in Hell” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1906839
Importantly, however, the second aspect of resilience theory acknowledges that ecosystems can exist
AND
tourism and the environment on which they depend for future generations.”16

The Gulf is a key ocean biodiversity hotspot
Brenner ‘8 3/14/08,  Jorge Brenner, "Guarding the Gulf of Mexico's valuable resources" www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html
Rich in biodiversity and habitats¶ The Gulf of Mexico is rich in biodiversity and
AND
in the North Atlantic that helps to regulate the climate of western Europe.

Extinction
Clark and Downes ‘6 2006, Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, and David Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, , What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html
Biodiversity is the diversity of life on earth, on which we depend for our
AND
we lose the opportunity for mental or spiritual rejuvenation through contact with nature.

Outweighs any other impact
Chen ‘2K Jim Chen is a Professor of law U of Minnesota, Now Dean of Law School at Louisville “Globalization and Its Losers”, 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157’
The spread of Homo sapiens around the earth have brought about mass extinctions and related
AND
by Homo sapiens - in ten million years, perhaps a hundred million.

Environment security is inevitable AND key to change – the alternative FAILS without political engagement.
Schatz, ’12 July 14, 2012, JL Schatz is a Professor of English and Feminist Evolutionary Studies at Binghamton University, The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of-The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism”
Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a
AND
where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet.

Tournament: Bronx Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul MY | Judge: Jen Johnson, Matt Malia
We'll talk

Tournament: Bronx | Round: Octas | Opponent: Edgemont JN | Judge: Jonah Garnik, Elanor Buse, Kevon Haughton
DEBATE SHOULD NOT OVERLOOK THE PERSUASIVE POTENTIAL OF FIRST PERSON NARRATIVES
GREGORY  and ALIMAHOMED professors of Comm @ CAL ST FULLERTON 2k1 Josh and Kasim-; EMPOWERING NARRATIVES; Narrative Voice and the Urban Debater: An Investigation into Empowerment; paper submitted to the Urban Debate League Panel at the Western States Communication Association Conference, Coeur ‘d Alene, Idaho
 February 23-27,  http://communications.fullerton.edu/forensics/SCUDL.htm
This paper will discuss the empowerment of voice in the urban debate league.  The
AND
created pathos and creates identification to reality for the speakers and the judges.  

Using the term Asian is not essentializing – it can be used as a strategic identity and is also a term Asians chose for themselves
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
I realize that this may raise the (obligatory) essentialist question. I do
AND
use identity politics and the "desire to deconstruct the imprisoning category itself").

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Westminster FS | Judge: Dan Lingel
Their authors presume and utilize western identities to describe China—that makes conflict inevitable
Pan, ‘04 Chengxin, PhD Poli. Sci. and Int’l Relations @ Australian Nat’l U, “The "China Threat" in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics,” in Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 29
Having examined how the "China threat" literature is enabled by and serves the
AND
character, China would now automatically constitute a threat to the United States.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: NFA RA | Judge: Aubrey Semple
That's racist

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lakeland BT | Judge: Matt Malia
A. Immigration policy is economic engagement
Milner and Tingley (refuses to give me a date) Helen V. Milner is the B.C. Forbes Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and the director of the Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance at Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Dustin H. Tingley is an Associate Professor of Government at Harvard University. He received a PhD in Politics from Princeton in 2010 and BA from the University of Rochester in 2001. “The Economic and Political Influences on Different Dimensions of United States immigration Policy,” http://www.princeton.edu/~hmilner/working20papers/The20Economic20and20Political20Influences20on20Different20Dimensions20of20United20States20Immigration20Policy.pdf
Our overall contributions to the literature are threefold. First, we highlight how widely
AND
types of international economic engagement, such as immigration, trade and foreign aid

B. And - Resolved includes debaters as agents
OED, 1989
“Of persons: determined” 

C. The colon proves
Peck, 1996 (Frances, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Grammar Guide, http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/punct.html)
The colon focuses the reader's attention on what is to follow, and as a
AND

to avoid wasting time and energy worrying about things I cannot change.

D. Debate is not policymaking – We must invoke the power of whiteness
Dr. Crenshaw ‘97 Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala. Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION; Resisting Whiteness’ Rhetorical Silence; 61(3), Summer; pp. 253-278.
Because discursive constructions of whiteness are typically un-marked and unnamed in personal,
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I argue that ideological rhetorical criticism is an appropri-ate avenue for analyzing interactions like this one.

2. C/I: We should have a discussion of the topic. One that allows us to examine the history of how nations are MADE and UNMADE
TROFANENKO Research Chair in Education, Culture and Community @ Acadia University 2k5
Brenda-; On Defense of the Nation; THE SOCIAL STUDIES, 96.5 (2005):  193+;
http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.binghamton.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE7CA139957613andv=2.1andu=bingulandit=randp=AONEandsw=w
Knowing how history is a site of political struggle, how we engage with social
AND
but rather an opportunity for genuine productive study, discussion, and learning.

A. We control uniqueness - Mainstream social science is structured by the entrenched, white-supremacists system which ignores the issue of race.
Shaw, ’04 Katharine, Associate Professor of Urban Studies at Ohio State Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education: The Case of Welfare Reform as Gendered Educational Policy Source: The Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 75, No. 1, Special Issue: Questions of Research and Methodology, (Jan. - Feb., 2004), pp. 56-79
The methods and theoretical frameworks that dominate current policy analysis have been developed and implemented
AND
tied to prevailing relations of power" (1997a, p. 3). 

B. The search for papers and a policy is the same white supremacy that is imposed on immigrants. These assumptions underpin the system.
Conquergood ’02 2002, Dwight Conquergood has a Ph.D. in Performance Studies from Northwestern University he then became an Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and Communication at the State University of New York “Cultural Struggles: Performance, Ethnography, Praxis”, http://books.google.com/books?id=C51d9inFh3kCandpg=PA35andlpg=PA35anddq=22For+many+people+throughout+the+world,+however,+particularly+subaltern+groups,+texts+are+often+inaccessible,+or+threatening,+charged+with+the+regulatory+powers+of+the+state22andsource=blandots=-mN-Xj7vlQandsig=YHpSSxah6VgTf-rYMkw-ZUZHy6Mandhl=enandsa=Xandei=flRfUu6GL64APKgYG4CAandved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepageandq=22For20many20people20throughout20the20world2C20however2C20particularly20subaltern20groups2C20texts20are20often20inaccessible2C20or20threatening2C20charged20with20the20regulatory20powers20of20the20state22andf=false
Only middle-class academics could blithely assume that all the world is a text
AND
to do so” (1997:48; see also Scott 1990)?

D. We control uniqueness – Asian Americans cannot participate in politics
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
Systemic disfranchisement—whether at the level of faculty meetings or national elections—discourages
AND
to claim the status of a "language minority" under that amendment.

B. You do not need to be part of the KKK in order to know about it. We can still make political change just like the Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle
Polson ’12 2012, Dana Roe Polson is a Co-Director, teacher, and founder of ConneXions Community Leadership Academy, ““Longing for Theory:” Performance Debate in Action”, http://gradworks.umi.com/3516242.pdf
I think that the talented tenth is actually the wrong metaphor for leadership in the
AND
and meetings not only to help out but as a form of leadership training

1. Fairness and predictability are not neutral or objective but rather shot through with biases produced by dominant power relations.
   Delgado, ‘92 (Richard, Law Prof at U. of Colorado, 1992 Richard, “Shadowboxing: An Essay On Power,” In Cornell Law Review, May)
   We have cleverly built power's view of the appropriate standard of conduct into the very
   AND
   acts. 59 A nice trick if you can get away with it.

Tournament: Bronx Round Robin | Round: Finals | Opponent: Bronx Law AL | Judge: Matt Malia, Brian Manual, Leila McClay
We solve for the Black White Binary – the negative operates within the framework of anti-blackness within civil society – this causes racial scapegoating that undermines anti-racism coalitions – the Aff solves because it takes a prior interrogation of racism of Asians that prop up the black white binary
Hutchinson ‘4 August/2004, Darren Lenard Hutchinson is a professor of Law at Washington College of Law, “Critical Race Theory: History, Evolution, and New Frontiers,” American University Law Review, LN
Ultimately, however, the exclusive deployment of a binary black/white paradigm artificially
AND
that disparages blacks' assertions of racial injustice by deploying model minority constructs. n111

This racism has perpetuated the myth of the minority – the myth of the model minority is the process by which the right points to the success of certain Asians to use as ammunitions against other groups; that their poverty must be explained by their own values – this strategically ignores the policing of SOUTHEAST Asian immigrants
Thrupkaew ‘2 Prospect Senior Correspondent 2k2 Noy-; The Myth of the Model Minority; THE AMERICAN PROSPECT; April 7; http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_myth_of_the_model_minority
The model-minority myth has persisted in large part because political conservatives are so
AND
, so people don't know the specific needs and contributions of our communities."  

The impact is collateral damage – the failure to expose the racism against SouthEast Asians makes it invisible to society and perpetuates their suffering
Tang 2k TANG Assistant Professor in the Department of African American Studies and the Asian American Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago 2000 Eric-; COLLATERAL DAMAGE: Southeast Asian Poverty in the United States; SOCIAL TEXT 62; Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring; p.58-59.
Following my discussion of the formation of an immigrant culture of poverty, I discuss
AND
fully exposed-reveals that there is no such thing as the unintended.

Asian Americans are subjected to a new form of oppression nativistic racism. Perceptions of the foreigners “taking over” justifies the racist policies of today
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
2. Nativistic Racism The words accompanying the violent deeds of the present also grow
AND
foreignness" that distinguishes the particular type of racism aimed at Asian Americans.

The black white binary ignores the tensions that exist between Koreans and African Americans. Omissions allow nativistic racism to continue
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
2. Critical Race Scholarship Critical race scholarship presents only a problem of coverage for
AND
way, a space must be created for its use in legal discourse.

The Narratives of Asian Americans are unique and different. Dominant groups concede that blacks are oppressed while the plights of Asians go under the radar
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
B. Resistance to Narrative Although more scholars are beginning to use personal narrative,
AND
of knowledge largely determines what counts as knowledge and what counts as evidence.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: New Trier OW | Judge: Neeral Mehta
Anti-anthropocentric discourse fosters a problematic race neutral mentality—liberal white activists refuse to interrogate the cultural characteristics of our relationship to the environment because doing so would force them to confront their privelege
JMB, ’12 02/29/12, JMB is his pen name, he is a PhD student in Environmental Studies in Oregon, He’s citing numerous peer reviewed studies in his article. “Colorblind Racism and Environmentalism”, http://ecesisfactor.blogspot.com/2012/02/colorblind-racism-and-environmentalism.html
In their analysis of food justice, Teresa M. Mares and Devon C.
AND
decisions and the codification of environmental activism, and environmental benefits as white.

Human centeredness does not cause destruction of minority cultures or peoples
Lee, Philosophy Professor at Bloomsburg, ‘9 (Wendy, Spring, “Restoring Human-Centerednes to Environmental Conscience: The Ecocentrist's Dilemma, the Role of Heterosexualized Anthropomorphizing, and the Significance of Language to Ecological Feminism” Ethics and the Environment, Vol 14 No 1, Project Muse)
Second, then, is that however indigenous, no necessary implications for ethnicity,
AND
of human consciousness, the ways in which we realize it is not.

The animal rights movement is premised on an ignorance of the racialized epistemology that structures social relations in general and specifically, the history of anti-anthro movements—their ignorance is not benign and is instead a move by elites to control the anti-anthro agenda
Harper ’10, Amie Breeze, PhD Candidate in Critical Food Geographies, studying how race, class, gender, and region affect relationship to food, UC-Davis (“Race as a “Feeble Matter” in Veganism: Interrogating whiteness, geopolitical privilege, and consumption philosophy of “cruelty-free” products,” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VIII, Issue 3, http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/journal-for-critical-animal-studies/archives/) Note: AR stands for “animal rights”
Practitioners of veganism abstain from animal consumption (dietary and non
AND

Smith, 2007), and that it may be just as "cruel" to eat animals as it is to eat food and textiles produced by enslaved humans on a cocoa, sugar, or cotton plantations?

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: University Prep DK | Judge: Mitchell Caminer
The Asian identity is the liminal group that should be used
Prashad 2 (Vijay Prashad, George and Martha Kellner Chair in South Asian History and Professor of International Studies, 2002, “Everybody Was Kung Fu Fighting,” pp. 40-46
The moral and political weight of the civil rights movement forced a recalcitrant U.
AND
perhaps further from King’s ‘‘content of their character’’ message than we suspect.

Public spaces of debate are key
Giroux 9/25 September 25th, 2013, Henry A., currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University “Beyond Savage Politics and Dystopian Nightmares”, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19025-beyond-savage-politics-and-dystopian-nightmares
There is a need for a systemic alternative to the existing system of global capitalism
AND
continue unabated and the winds of authoritarianism will gain in speed and destructiveness.

The black body can engage in consciousness
hooks, 2003 bell, “Rock My Soul: Black People and Self-Esteem”
No black person in the United States can have any measure of self-esteem
AND
Choosing to be unconscious or unaware easily led to severe punishment or death. 

We solve for the Black White Binary – the negative operates within the framework of anti-blackness within civil society – this causes racial scapegoating that undermines anti-racism coalitions – the Aff solves because it takes a prior interrogation of racism of Asians that prop up the black white binary
Hutchinson ‘4 August/2004, Darren Lenard Hutchinson is a professor of Law at Washington College of Law, “Critical Race Theory: History, Evolution, and New Frontiers,” American University Law Review, LN
Ultimately, however, the exclusive deployment of a binary black/white paradigm artificially
AND
that disparages blacks' assertions of racial injustice by deploying model minority constructs. n111

This silence smooths over different forms of racism and either discards them as irrelevant or integrates them within the logic of antiblackness. Asians are “whitening” or “assimilating” to whiteness rather than facing distinct problems. This recreates the uncritical universalism of whiteness and makes alleviating certain racial harms impossible.
Alcoff 3 (Linda Alcoff, professor of philosophy at CUNY, “LATINO/AS, ASIAN AMERICANS, AND THE BLACK-WHITE BINARY”, The Journal of Ethics 7: 5–27, 2003
In fact, in Texas not only were Mexicans subject to Jim Crow in public
AND
helps at least on occasion. But it leaves everyone else unprotected.25

Deconstructing the black/white binary means neither embracing liberal/multicultural color-blindedness, nor advocating a primordial position of absolute difference between races. Instead it begins from an understanding of race for the complex phenomenon that it is
Prashad 2 (Vijay Prashad, George and Martha Kellner Chair in South Asian History and Professor of International Studies, 2002, “Everybody Was Kung Fu Fighting,” pp. 38-40
The problem of the twenty-first century, then, is the problem of
AND
of universal, and nonembodied, values. But more on that later.

This racism has perpetuated the myth of the minority – the myth of the model minority is the process by which the right points to the success of certain Asians to use as ammunitions against other groups; that their poverty must be explained by their own values – this strategically ignores the policing of SOUTHEAST Asian immigrants
Thrupkaew ‘2 Prospect Senior Correspondent 2k2 Noy-; The Myth of the Model Minority; THE AMERICAN PROSPECT; April 7; http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_myth_of_the_model_minority
The model-minority myth has persisted in large part because political conservatives are so
AND
, so people don't know the specific needs and contributions of our communities."  

The impact is collateral damage – the failure to expose the racism against SouthEast Asians makes it invisible to society and perpetuates their suffering
Tang 2k TANG Assistant Professor in the Department of African American Studies and the Asian American Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago 2000 Eric-; COLLATERAL DAMAGE: Southeast Asian Poverty in the United States; SOCIAL TEXT 62; Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring; p.58-59.
Following my discussion of the formation of an immigrant culture of poverty, I discuss
AND
fully exposed-reveals that there is no such thing as the unintended.

The Aff needs to be weighed in the culture of debate. The Kritik is an exclusion of the different identities in debate. That will lead to its extinction
Valdivia-Sutherland ‘98
Prof and Director of Forensics @Butte Community College 1998
Cynthia-Celebrating Differences:  Successfully Diversifying Forensics Programs; National Communication Association’s 84th Annual Meeting, November 22; http://www.phirhopi.org/phi-rho-pi/spts/spkrpts05.2/sutherland.htm, A Multicultural Communicative Style
Although the foundation of forensics events may have been grounded in the ancient rhetoric of
AND
, and for us. Now, let the celebration of differences begin!

Tournament: Bronx Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul MY | Judge: Jen Johnson, Matt Malia
WE CHANGE THE FACE OF CAPITALISM- THEIR TURNS DO NOT APPLY. WHITE-SKINNED, BLUE-EYED, ANGLO-SAXON capitalism has taken over the system and transformed it into a large construction of White supremacy. Whiteness is responsible for financial crises and inequality. This system being replaced as countries like BRAZIL are turning to the PACESETTERS of liberal global capitalism and harnessing its VAST power for the sake of the poor.
Mead, 2k9 Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy 2k9
Walter-; In Defense of Paleface Capitalism; NEWSWEEK; April 11; http://www.newsweek.com/id/193501
MEAD Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy 2k9
Walter-; In Defense of Paleface Capitalism; NEWSWEEK; April 11; http://www.newsweek.com/id/193501
The truth is often shocking, and when Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula Da Silva
AND
and the palefaces are going to have to run hard to keep up.

PERMUTE:  ENDORSE A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF CAPITALISM THROUGH THE FRAMEWORK OF THE AFFIRMATIVE.
WEST Honorary chair of the Democratic Socialist of America 1988
Cornell-prof @Princeton University, DSA National Politicall Committee and a member of its African American Commission; “Toward a Socialist Theory of Racism”; RACE and ETHNICITY ESERV; http://race.eserver.org/toward-a-theory-of-racism.html (year of publication found on Dr. West’s website:  http://www.pragmatism.org/library/west/)
Socialism and Antiracism: Two Inseparable Yet Not Identical Goals
It should be apparent that racist practices directed against black, brown, yellow,
AND
remain to our democratic socialist ideals of freedom, equality, and democracy.

Alt fails to build coalitions and leads to racial suppression.
Ross Assc. Director of the Center for AfroAmerican and African Studies @ U Mich 2000
Marlon-Professor of English; Pleasuring Identity, or the Delicious Politics of Belonging; NEW LITERARY HISTORY, Vol. 31, No. 4, Is There Life after Identity Politics?; Autumn, 2000; pp.827-850.
Although in his contribution Eric Lott targets Professor Michaels's comments and his own recent feud
AND
working" and "unemployed" if not class-based identity formations?

Tournament: MBA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Johns Creek DS | Judge: Brian Rubae
Even if the term Asian is inaccurate – It is still used as collective resistance against and can be used to represent common experience
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
Before I proceed further, I should define certain terms. There is tremendous diversity
AND
at 25-26; see infra notes 32-43 and accompanying text

Using the term Asian is not essentializing – it can be used as a strategic identity and is also a term Asians chose for themselves
? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
I realize that this may raise the (obligatory) essentialist question. I do
AND
use identity politics and the "desire to deconstruct the imprisoning category itself").

Tournament: Bronx | Round: Octas | Opponent: Edgemont JN | Judge: Jonah Garnik, Elanor Buse, Kevon Haughton
Revolutionary interdendency is key to reclaiming a vision of feminist sisterhood that acknowledges a commitment to anti-racist struggle.  Recognizing the interlocking nature of systems of domination helps REGAIN the revolutionary progressive momentum of feminism.
hooks  former distinguished prof of English @ City College of New York  1995
bell-currently on staff at Berea College in Kentucky, noted scholar and author;
KILLING RAGE Ending Racism; p. 106-107
It is this understanding of revolutionary interdependency that must be shared if we are to
AND
white supremacist capitalist patriarchy, feminist movement will regain its revolutionary progressive momentum.

White supremacy now can OVERSEE and ERADICATE any COLLECTIVE RESISTANCE through the SEDUCTION of material reward
The net benefit is a collective resistant to white supremacy
hooks  former distinguished prof of English @ City College of New York  1995
bell-currently on staff at Berea College in Kentucky, noted scholar and author;
KILLING RAGE Ending Racism; p. 108-110
When I began the process of education for critical consciousness to radicalize my thinking and
AND
white supremacy into our lives, constantly reminding us of our marginalized status.

Active performativity is the key to feminist genealogy
Stone 2003 (Alison, Centre for Philosophy, Furness College, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK, “Towards a Genealogical Feminism: A Reading of Judith Butler's Political Thought”, from Contemporary Political Theory (2005), http://www.palgrave-journals.com/cpt/journal/v4/n1/abs/9300135a.html)
 Judith Butler's contribution to feminist political
AND
lines, in terms of an idea of active and multiple bodily forces.

Our exposure of the forever foreigner is a way to interrogate US coloniality
U.S. MILITARY OCCUPATION OF BODIES AND LAND HAS CONSEQUENCES .
MAISEL Marketing Asst for Stanford University Press 2k8
Kira-; PRESS RELEASE on a book by Nadia Kim Entitled IMPERIAL CITIZENS:  Koreans and Race from Seoul to LA; June 2008; http://www.sup.org/html/book_pages/0804758875/Press20Release.pdf
The presence of the U.S. military in foreign countries creates not just an outflow of resources
AND
Imperial Citizens is further evidence that the U.S. occupation of other countries (not just lands, but human bodies and minds) have serious consequences for everyone involved.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Damien LM | Judge: John Hines
We are not hippies

Your authors speak from a view from nowhere. They bracket all others into their universal ethics, speaking for everyone to empower their own opinion. This is the functioning of whiteness.
Yancy ‘5 George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body,” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216
I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
AND
of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials.

Hutchinson ‘4 August/2004, Darren Lenard Hutchinson is a professor of Law at Washington College of Law, “Critical Race Theory: History, Evolution, and New Frontiers,” American University Law Review, LN
Ultimately, however, the exclusive deployment of a binary black/white paradigm artificially
AND
result from binary racial politics hinders the formation of helpful antiracist alliances. Fina
lly, a multiracial discourse may help blacks demonstrate the pervasiveness of racial inequality.
AND
that disparages blacks' assertions of racial injustice by deploying model minority constructs. n111

Tournament: Bronx Round Robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: St Vincent de Paul MY | Judge: Jen Johnson, Matt Malia
Philosophical criticism is grounded within a colorblind mentality that ignores racism
ROELOFS Assc. Prof @ Hampshire College 2k6 Monique-teaches and writes at the intersection of European, analytical, and postcolonial philosophies with a special focus on aesthetics and the philosophy of art and culture, feminist philosophy, and critical race theory; The Veiled Presence of Race in the Philosophy of Art:  Reclaiming Race for Aesthetics; APA NEWSLETTER on:  PHILOSOPHY AND THE BLACK EXPERIENCE, edited by John McClendon and George Yancy; Volume 06, Number 1; Fall.
Race is a conceptual blind spot in philosophical aesthetics and the philosophies of the arts
AND
social, economic, cultural, political, environmental, and aesthetic constellations.

This silence actively perpetuates white supremacy within our discourse
DR. CRENSHAW Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala.  1997
Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION
This analysis of Helms’ opening argument illustrates how the ideology of white privilege operates through
AND
, silent rhetorical constructions of whiteness like Helms’ protect material white privilege because they

Your authors speak from a view from nowhere. They bracket all others into their universal ethics, speaking for everyone to empower their own opinion. This is the functioning of whiteness.
Yancy ‘5 George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body,” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216
I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
AND
of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials.

Tournament: Bronx Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Acorn AJ | Judge: Jeremy Hammond, Leila McCoy
Nativistic racism has OUTCASTED Asian-Americans from the nation, relying on SEVERAL ideologies and stereotypes that has led to exclusion over time.  The ALARMIST, yellow peril ideology, couched as American Patriotism has been an ESPECIALLY EGREGIOUS form of nativistic racism.  The general Asian population CONTINUES to suffer INTIMIDATION, VIOLENCE and other hate crimes
Kim ‘8 KIM Asst Prof of Sociology @ Loyola Marymount Univ. 2k8 Nadia-; IMPERIAL CITIZENS: Koreans and Race from Seoul To LA.; p. 14-15
“Nativistic racism” is the mechanism through which Asian Americans have been outcast from
AND
this “geography of hunger and exploitation” are Iraq and New Orleans.

The Negative operates within the framework of anti-blackness within civil society – this causes racial scapegoating that undermines anti-racism coalitions – the counter advocacy solves because it takes a prior interrogation of racism of Asians that prop up the black white binary
Hutchinson ‘4 August/2004, Darren Lenard Hutchinson is a professor of Law at Washington College of Law, “Critical Race Theory: History, Evolution, and New Frontiers,” American University Law Review, LN
Ultimately, however, the exclusive deployment of a binary black/white paradigm artificially
AND
that disparages blacks' assertions of racial injustice by deploying model minority constructs. n111

U.S. MILITARY OCCUPATION OF BODIES AND LAND HAS CONSEQUENCES .
MAISEL Marketing Asst for Stanford University Press 2k8
Kira-; PRESS RELEASE on a book by Nadia Kim Entitled IMPERIAL CITIZENS:  Koreans and Race from Seoul to LA; June 2008; http://www.sup.org/html/book_pages/0804758875/Press20Release.pdf
The presence of the U.S.
AND
have serious consequences for everyone involved.

??? ? - ???
After all of us leave,
if my spirit passes by you,
don’t think even for a moment it is
the wind that sways the spring boughs.
Today I will plant a flower
on a corner of the shadow
where I got to know you;
when the flower grows to bloom,
all the distress that stemmed from our acquaintance
will turn into petals and fly away.

It will turn into petals and fly away.
Though it is unbearably distant
and futile,
how can we measure all the things in the world
with only a small ruler?
When every now and then you turn your ears toward where the wind blows,
my beloved, don’t forget even if you become tired
the word of the wind that comes from faraway.

This racism has perpetuated the myth of the minority – the myth of the model minority is the process by which the right points to the success of certain Asians to use as ammunitions against other groups; that their poverty must be explained by their own values – this strategically ignores the policing of SOUTHEAST Asian immigrants
Thrupkaew ‘2 Prospect Senior Correspondent 2k2 Noy-; The Myth of the Model Minority; THE AMERICAN PROSPECT; April 7; http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_myth_of_the_model_minority
The model-minority myth has persisted in large part because political conservatives are so
AND
, so people don't know the specific needs and contributions of our communities."  

The impact is collateral damage – the failure to expose the racism against SouthEast Asians makes it invisible to society and perpetuates their suffering
Tang 2k TANG Assistant Professor in the Department of African American Studies and the Asian American Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago 2000 Eric-; COLLATERAL DAMAGE: Southeast Asian Poverty in the United States; SOCIAL TEXT 62; Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring; p.58-59.
Following my discussion of the formation of an immigrant culture of poverty, I discuss
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fully exposed-reveals that there is no such thing as the unintended.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Westminster FS | Judge: Dan Lingel
Prefer our case impacts and the 1AC straight turns this version of Nietzsche’s argument—inevitability of suffering externally doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t act that doesn’t contribute to it—even if we can’t stop suffering, we can stop us from causing suffering—climate change isn’t inevitable suffering but a human induced act of violence—their alternative necessitates the affirmative
Lyons, ’08 2008, Elliot Lyons, “Bending Calypso: A Search for Meaning in Friedrich Nietzsche's "Thus Spoke Zarathustra".”, pp. 35-36
To expand eternal recurrence represents the idea that we cannot, no matter how hard
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who live everyday in a manner that they could will it for eternity.  

They have it backwards—the meaninglessness of suffering does not make our action meaningless but rather makes it necessary. All of their link arguments substantiate our affirmative as the only ethical action.
Diamantides ‘3
Dr. Marinos Diamantides Senior Lecturer in Law, School of Law, Birkbeck College, University of London, SYMPOSIUM: NIETZCHE AND LEGAL THEORY (PART II): THE COMPANY OF PRIESTS: MEANINGLESSNESS, SUFFERING AND COMPASSION IN THE THOUGHTS OF NIETZSCHE AND LEVINAS 24 Cardozo L. Rev. 1275 March, 2003.
In relation to the classical philosophical problem posed by suffering there is, as the
AND
indifference to suffering and denial of its meaninglessness, the hallmark of hermeneutics.

Philosophical criticism is grounded within a colorblind mentality that ignores racism
ROELOFS Assc. Prof @ Hampshire College 2k6 Monique-teaches and writes at the intersection of European, analytical, and postcolonial philosophies with a special focus on aesthetics and the philosophy of art and culture, feminist philosophy, and critical race theory; The Veiled Presence of Race in the Philosophy of Art:  Reclaiming Race for Aesthetics; APA NEWSLETTER on:  PHILOSOPHY AND THE BLACK EXPERIENCE, edited by John McClendon and George Yancy; Volume 06, Number 1; Fall.
Race is a conceptual blind spot in philosophical aesthetics and the philosophies of the arts
AND
social, economic, cultural, political, environmental, and aesthetic constellations.

This silence actively perpetuates white supremacy within our discourse
DR. CRENSHAW Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala.  1997
Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION
This analysis of Helms’ opening argument illustrates how the ideology of white privilege operates through
AND
, silent rhetorical constructions of whiteness like Helms’ protect material white privilege because they

Your authors speak from a view from nowhere. They bracket all others into their universal ethics, speaking for everyone to empower their own opinion. This is the functioning of whiteness.
Yancy ‘5 George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body,” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216
I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
AND
of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials.

Tournament: Blake | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Rowland Hall GK | Judge: Mike Baxter Kauf, Brain Rubae, Devon Murphy
Their view of queer theory is wrong, it ignores race and fail to address the material realities of gays and lesbians of color
Johnson, 2001 (E. Patrick, Assistant professor of performance studies at Northwestern University, “ ‘Quare’ Studies, or (Almost) everything I know about queer studies I learned from My Grandmother,” Text and Performance Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 1, January)
But to riff off of the now popular phrase "gender trouble," there is
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to identities around which sexuality may pivot, such as race and class.

We need to Quare queer theory:  queer theory homogenizes difference.  Quare is a positive assertion of situated identity that’s key to incorporating multiple standpoints of oppresion
Johnson, 2001 (E. Patrick, Assistant professor of performance studies at Northwestern University, “ ‘Quare’ Studies, or (Almost) everything I know about queer studies I learned from My Grandmother,” Text and Performance Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 1, January)
Because much of queer theory critically interrogates notions of selfhood, agency, and experience
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of color–differences that are also conditioned by class and gender.'

Tournament: Blake | Round: Finals | Opponent: Bishop Guertin ID | Judge: Donnie Grasse, Elijah Smith, Hannah Stafford, Mimi Servantsal Levent, Brian Rubae
You have no evidence on the Asian identity because we are continuously ignored

1. Asian American doesn’t essientializes experiences
   2. Asian American can be used as a strategic identity because it unifies the diversity
   3. Nonunique – the Identity Asian American was chosen already, might as well take advantage
   ? ’93 1993, ? Robert S. is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241
   I realize that this may raise the (obligatory) essentialist question. I do
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   use identity politics and the "desire to deconstruct the imprisoning category itself").

Your authors speak from a view from nowhere. They bracket all others into their universal ethics, speaking for everyone to empower their own opinion. This is the functioning of whiteness.
Yancy ‘5 George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body,” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216
I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
AND
of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials.

DEBATE SHOULD NOT OVERLOOK THE PERSUASIVE POTENTIAL OF FIRST PERSON NARRATIVES AND IDENTITY
GREGORY  and ALIMAHOMED professors of Comm @ CAL ST FULLERTON   2k1
Josh and Kasim-; EMPOWERING NARRATIVES;  Narrative Voice and the Urban Debater:  AnInvestigation into Empowerment; paper submitted to the Urban Debate League Panel at the Western States Communication Association Conference, Coeur ‘d Alene, IdahoFebruary 23-27,  http://communications.fullerton.edu/forensics/SCUDL.htm
This paper will discuss the empowerment of voice in the urban debate league.  
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created pathos and creates identification to reality for the speakers and the judges.  

Alt fails to build coalitions and leads to racial suppression.
Ross Assc. Director of the Center for AfroAmerican and African Studies @ U Mich 2000
Marlon-Professor of English; Pleasuring Identity, or the Delicious Politics of Belonging; NEW LITERARY HISTORY, Vol. 31, No. 4, Is There Life after Identity Politics?; Autumn, 2000; pp.827-850.
Although in his contribution Eric Lott targets Professor Michaels's comments and his own recent feud  
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working" and "unemployed" if not class-based identity formations? 

Philosophical criticism is grounded within a opaque mentality that ignores racism
ROELOFS Assc. Prof @ Hampshire College 2k6 Monique-teaches and writes at the intersection of European, analytical, and postcolonial philosophies with a special focus on aesthetics and the philosophy of art and culture, feminist philosophy, and critical race theory; The Veiled Presence of Race in the Philosophy of Art:  Reclaiming Race for Aesthetics; APA NEWSLETTER on:  PHILOSOPHY AND THE BLACK EXPERIENCE, edited by John McClendon and George Yancy; Volume 06, Number 1; Fall.
Race is a conceptual blind spot in philosophical aesthetics and the philosophies of the arts
AND
social, economic, cultural, political, environmental, and aesthetic constellations.

This silence actively perpetuates white supremacy within our discourse
DR. CRENSHAW Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala.  1997
Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION
This analysis of Helms’ opening argument illustrates how the ideology of white privilege operates through
AND
, silent rhetorical constructions of whiteness like Helms’ protect material white privilege because they

Tournament: Blake | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Rowland Hall GK | Judge: Mike Baxter Kauf, Brain Rubae, Devon Murphy
Philosophical criticism is grounded within a opaque mentality that ignores racism
ROELOFS Assc. Prof @ Hampshire College 2k6 Monique-teaches and writes at the intersection of European, analytical, and postcolonial philosophies with a special focus on aesthetics and the philosophy of art and culture, feminist philosophy, and critical race theory; The Veiled Presence of Race in the Philosophy of Art:  Reclaiming Race for Aesthetics; APA NEWSLETTER on:  PHILOSOPHY AND THE BLACK EXPERIENCE, edited by John McClendon and George Yancy; Volume 06, Number 1; Fall.
Race is a conceptual blind spot in philosophical aesthetics and the philosophies of the arts
AND
social, economic, cultural, political, environmental, and aesthetic constellations.

This silence actively perpetuates white supremacy within our discourse
DR. CRENSHAW Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala.  1997
Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION
This analysis of Helms’ opening argument illustrates how the ideology of white privilege operates through
AND
, silent rhetorical constructions of whiteness like Helms’ protect material white privilege because they

Your authors speak from a view from nowhere. They bracket all others into their universal ethics, speaking for everyone to empower their own opinion. This is the functioning of whiteness.
Yancy ‘5 George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body,” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216
I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
AND
of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials.

Tournament: Blake | Round: Finals | Opponent: Bishop Guertin ID | Judge: Donnie Grasse, Elijah Smith, Hannah Stafford, Mimi Servantsal Levent, Brian Rubae
Debate is disconnected from the actual academy and production of knowledge that limits its emancipatory potential.  True interrogation of power through performance debate is the needed intellectualism to achieve the epistemological growth necessary to return to the academy, to foster VOICE in debate as a true production of scholarship—only inclusion of personal narratives accesses this
Dr. Shanara Reid Brinkley ’12 March 2nd, 2012, Dr. Shanara Reid Brinkley, BA, Emory University, MA, University of Alabama , “Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley on Scholars in Debate and More”, http://globaldebateblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/dr-shanara-reid-brinkley-on-scholars-in.html
Dr. Reid-Brinkley: Given that this is the case, why are
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your black. Once you say your black, then your biased.

Objective, detached epistemologies produce the worst kind of violence: they reinforce privilege and justify atrocities.
Stone-Mediatore ‘7 2007, Shari, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Ohio Wesleyan University, “Challenging Academic Norms: An Epistemology for Feminist and Multicultural Classrooms”, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/nwsa_journal/v019/19.2stone-mediatore.html
Even if objectivity is a myth, the valorization of traits associated with objectivity can
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to pain and suppressing compassionate impulses that would otherwise be troubled by violence. 

Their objective epistemology is an illusion: we need to acknowledge our own perspectives to be able to challenge prejudice
Stone-Mediatore ‘7 2007, Shari, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Ohio Wesleyan University, “Challenging Academic Norms: An Epistemology for Feminist and Multicultural Classrooms”, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/nwsa_journal/v019/19.2stone-mediatore.html
Continued appeals to objectivity as a touchstone of legitimacy in many academic and professional circles
AND
cleansing our knowledge practices of all emotional, social, and cultural factors.
Critics of objectivity argue that the demand to eradicate subjective influences from knowledge is incoherent
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idea that we have done so usually leaves our most entrenched prejudices intact.

Tournament: MBA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Johns Creek DS | Judge: Brian Rubae
Philosophical criticism is grounded within a opaque mentality that ignores racism
ROELOFS Assc. Prof @ Hampshire College 2k6 Monique-teaches and writes at the intersection of European, analytical, and postcolonial philosophies with a special focus on aesthetics and the philosophy of art and culture, feminist philosophy, and critical race theory; The Veiled Presence of Race in the Philosophy of Art:  Reclaiming Race for Aesthetics; APA NEWSLETTER on:  PHILOSOPHY AND THE BLACK EXPERIENCE, edited by John McClendon and George Yancy; Volume 06, Number 1; Fall.
Race is a conceptual blind spot in philosophical aesthetics and the philosophies of the arts
AND
social, economic, cultural, political, environmental, and aesthetic constellations.

This silence actively perpetuates white supremacy within our discourse
DR. CRENSHAW Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala.  1997
Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION
This analysis of Helms’ opening argument illustrates how the ideology of white privilege operates through
AND
, silent rhetorical constructions of whiteness like Helms’ protect material white privilege because they

Your authors speak from a view from nowhere. They bracket all others into their universal ethics, speaking for everyone to empower their own opinion. This is the functioning of whiteness.
Yancy ‘5 George, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body,” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 19(4), p. 215-216
I write out of a personal existential context. This context is a profound source
AND
of power expressed in the "comprehension" of a range of materials.

Performance debate translate into political action – Leaders of a beautiful struggle prove
Polson ’12 2012, Dana Roe Polson is a Co-Director, teacher, and founder of ConneXions Community Leadership Academy, ““Longing for Theory:” Performance Debate in Action”, http://gradworks.umi.com/3516242.pdf
I think that the talented tenth is actually the wrong metaphor for leadership in the
AND
and meetings not only to help out but as a form of leadership training

Tournament: MBA | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Pine Crest LM | Judge: Robbie Muholland, Elsa Givan, Rob Hall
Like 1989
Wu ’02 2002, Frank Wu is a law professor, author, and public intellectual at University of California graduated from Harvard etc., "The Model Minority: Asian American 'Success' as a Race Relations
Failure," p 39-77
In Stockton, California, in 1989, Patrick Purdy dressed in military fatigues,
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Asians and his fear that the country would be taken over by immigrants.

Or 1987
Wu ’02 2002, Frank Wu is a law professor, author, and public intellectual at University of California graduated from Harvard etc., "The Model Minority: Asian American 'Success' as a Race Relations
Failure," p 39-77
In 1987, in New Jersey groups of white and Latino young men began a series of assaults and batteries directed toward Indian immigrants. Calling themselves the "dot-busters" in an allusion to the bindi (the cosmetic mark on the forehead of Hindu women), the gangs beat up dozens. Even afier they killed Navroze Mody and permanently maimed Kaushal Sharan, local police refined to characterize the attacks as race related. 

Or 1981
Wu ’02 2002, Frank Wu is a law professor, author, and public intellectual at University of California graduated from Harvard etc., "The Model Minority: Asian American 'Success' as a Race Relations
Failure," p 39-77
In 1981 .Vietnamese fishermen along the Texas Gulf coast took the Ku Klux Klan to court. Although the entire shrimp industry was suffering, the Klan made the competition racial, between native-born white Americans and Asian refugees. In one of the earliest cases won by Morris Dees and the Southern Poverty Law Center against a hate group, the Klan was forbidden to continue its violent attacks. 

Or 1996
Wu ’02 2002, Frank Wu is a law professor, author, and public intellectual at University of California graduated from Harvard etc., "The Model Minority: Asian American 'Success' as a Race Relations
Failure," p 39-77
In 1996, outside San Diego, two white youths stabbed to death Thienh Minh
AND
elsewhere, it was difficult to persuade authorities that the incident was racial.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: HoFlo DM | Judge: David Gobberdevil
Non unique – Mexico is too close to the US
Chunsi, ’13 2013, Wu ChunSi is Senior Fellow Institute for International Strategic Studies Executive Director Center for American Studies Member, “US-Mexico-China Relations in the Context of Regional Cooperation”, http://en.siis.org.cn/index.php?m=contentandc=indexanda=showandcatid=15andid=87
On the basis of above analyses, we see three important features in China-
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short side in the trilateral relations among the US, Mexico and China.

No US-China competition in Latin America
Haibin, 6-23 6/23/13, Niu Haibi is Research Fellow at Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, “Latin America’s Rising Status in the Sino-US Relationship”, http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/latin-americas-rising-status-in-the-sino-us-relationship/
Now, it is necessary to understand how this strengthening interest by the US and
AND
of American States and China’s membership at the Inter-American Development Bank.

Chinese Soft Power Fails in Latin America- Multiple Reasons
Ellis, ’11 March 2011, R. Evan Ellis is an Assistant Professor of National Security Studies in the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies at the National Defense University, “Chinese Soft Power in Latin America: A Case Study”, http://www.ndu.edu/press/chinese-soft-power-latin-america.html
Limits to Chinese Soft Power The growth and exercise of soft power by the People's
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oil, for example, it was India that picked up the slack.

Chinese engagement causes dutch disease and hurts growth
O’neil, ’12 10/26/12, Shannon O’neil is Senior Fellow for Latin America Studies at Council on Foreign Relations, “China’s Economic Role in Latin America”, http://blogs.cfr.org/oneil/2012/10/26/chinas-economic-role-in-latin-america/
The downsides also exist. These same imports that make consumers happy hit the economy
AND
of educated, urban, and ambitious people—the new middle class.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: HoFlo DM | Judge: David Gobberdevil
Won’t pass—Perry proves
LATimes 11/21 Nov 21, 2013, “Immigration Bill 2013: Texas Governor Rick Perry Says Reform Will Become ‘Passe’”, http://www.latintimes.com/articles/10475/20131121/immigration-bill-2013-texas-governor-rick-perry.htm#.UpAxNcSkox8
An immigration reform bill won't pass in 2013, thinks Texas Governor Rick Perry.
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the technology to access Mexico's huge deep-water and shale gas reserves.

No Link Uniqueness—Increasing IPR enforcement and personnel in Mexico now
Espinel ‘13 June 2, 2013, Victoria A. Espinel is the U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator, Assistant U.S. Representative for Intellectual Property and Innovation, and part of Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, “2013 JOINT STRATEGIC PLAN ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT” U.S. Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator, pg online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/IPEC/2013-us-ipec-joint-strategic-plan.pdf
IPEC regularly communicates with these posts to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of U.
AND
the source, and to enhance international cooperation and capacity-building efforts.

Obama doesn’t get involved in controversial agency actions
Herz ’12 Michael E., professor of law and co-director of the Floersheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy, “Political Oversight of Agency Decisionmaking”, Administrative Law JOTWELL, 1-23-2012
Mendelson begins with two important but often overlooked points. First, we know remarkably
AND
teeth who are dismayed by Congress’s desire to take credit but not blame.)

PC not key and Winners Win
Hirsch 2/7 Michael Hirsh 2/7, Chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do
AND
but to move. It’s your choice. The future is wide open.

Mexican growth key to US ag – demand and reduced competition
Williams ‘94 9/21/94, Dr. Gary W. Williams GWWilliams@TAMU.EDU Professor of Agricultural Economics Director, Texas Agricultural Market Research Center Texas AandM University,.“IS U.S. AGRICULTURE A NAFTA WINNER OR LOSER?”, https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~alopez-o/politics/nafta.html
Continued economic growth in Mexico would likely have three general consequences for U.S
AND
turn Mexico into a net importer of even fruits and vegetables over time.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: HoFlo DM | Judge: David Gobberdevil
Biotech debates spur public acceptance and creates forms of good biotech
Leite 4 – (Marcelo, “Why we need a new forum for the public debate on biotechnology” Sci Dev Net, SciDev.Net involves a wide range of individuals working together towards common goals across the globe.¶ Our main office is based in London but we have a worldwide network of registered users, advisors, consultants and freelance journalists, predominantly from developing countries, who drive our activities and vision, Available online @ http://www.scidev.net/global/communication/opinion/why-we-need-a-new-forum-for-the-public-debate-on-b.html)
Why we need a new forum for the public debate on biotechnology It is astonishing
AND
in Brazil, has brought biotech into a legal and regulatory dead end.

Biotech empowers disadvantaged, solves poverty and the environment—solves the K
DaSilva et al. 2 (Edgar J, International Scientific Council for Island Development, Elias Baydoun, Professor of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Adnan Badran, President, Philadelphia University of Jordan. “Biotechnology and the developing world” pg online at http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/content/vol5/issue1/full/1/)
Opportunities and constraints in agricultural biotechnology in developing countries are of significance in responding to
AND
the potential of biotechnology in tackling poverty and hunger (Spillane, 2000).

Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted
Ried Ijed ’10 December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, “Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America”, Vol 3 No. 2
While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more
AND
required to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.

Perm solves – environment apocalypse is inevitable AND key to change – the alternative FAILS without political engagement.
Schatz, ’12 July 14, 2012, JL Schatz is a Professor of English and Feminist Evolutionary Studies at Binghamton University, The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of-The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism”
Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a
AND
where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet. 

Economic predictions are true and good
DOUGLAS W. HANDS 84 Department of Economics University of Puget Sound What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg Source: Philosophy of Science, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Sep., 1984), pp. 495-503 http://www.jstor.org/stable/187496

1. Economic Predictions. Much of Rosenberg's discussion is directed toward explaining the "
   AND
   its predictive failings are not as great as Rosenberg would have us believe. 

Real world affects discourse – attempts to just change the security mindset is wishful thinking that increases violent fascism
Mearsheimer 95
Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, 1995 (International Security)
FLAWS IN THE CAUSAL LOGIC. The main goal of critical theorists is to change
AND
far more violent than realism will not emerge as the new hegemonic discourse.

Their attempts to challenge international relations representation destroys effective political action
Jarvis, lecturer in the Department of Government and International Relations, Faculty of Economics, Politics and Business at the University of Sydney, Australia, 2000
DSL, ‘International Relations and the Challenge of Post Modernism, University of South Carolina Press, pg 189-190
First, the project of subversive-deconstructive postmodernism can be seen as contrary to
AND
an intellectual poverty now famed perversely as the search for "thinking space."

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Hunter McCullough
Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted
Ried Ijed ’10 December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, “Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America”, Vol 3 No. 2
While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more
AND
required to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.

THE WINDMILL OF STATE PESSIMISM
THE NEGATIVVE’S ABANDONMENT OF THE STATE IS WORSE
Pasha ’96 Mustapha Kamal, Professor and Chair of the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Aberdeen, “Security as Hegemony”, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 21, No. 3 (July-Sept. 1996), pp. 283-302, JSTOR

An attack on the postcolonial state as the author of violence73 and its drive to
AND
more savage and less capable of ad- justing to rhythms dictated by globalization

All their reasons the state is bad are uniqueness for us—engaging means we know the tactics of the oppressor
Williams, ’70 1970, Robert F. Williams, interviewed by The Black Scholar, “Interviews,”, Vol. 1, No. 7, BLACK REVOLUTION (May 1970), pp. 2-14, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41163455
Williams: It is erroneous to think that one can isolate oneself completely from institutions
AND
people enter the vital organs of the establishment. Infiltrate the man's institutions.

Maximizing all lives is the only way to affirm equality
Cummiskey ‘90
David, Professor of Philosophy, Bates, Kantian Consequentialism, Ethics 100.3, p 601-2, p 606, jstor
We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice
AND
consideration of conduct, one's own subjective concerns do not have overriding importance.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 2 | Opponent: Carrollton PT | Judge: Jordana Sternberg
TBA is the only loophole
U.S. House 4-25 4/25/13, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. “H.R. 1613: To amend the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act to provide for the proper Federal management and oversight of transboundary hydrocarbon reservoirs STATEMENT OF TOMMY P. BEAUDREAU ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY, LAND AND MINERALS MANAGEMENT UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES”, http://www.doi.gov/ocl/hearings/113/hr1613_042513.cfm?renderforprint=1and
The Mexican market has long been closed to participation by U.S. companies
AND
environmental risks that would result from unilateral exploration and development along the boundary.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westminster MO | Judge: Anastasia K
Perm do the CP- The CP is the Affirmative
Rep. Hastings, House Committee on Natural Resources Chair, 6-6-13
Doc, R-WA, OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF TRANSBOUNDARY HYDROCARBON AGREEMENTS AUTHORIZATION ACT Report, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-113hrpt101/pdf/CRPT-113hrpt101-pt1.pdf, accessed 6-30-13, AS
The Obama Administration has decided to enact this Agreement as a Congressional-Executive Agreement,
AND
Despite the difference in approval methods, the Agreement has the status under international law as Mexico’s ratification.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 5 | Opponent: Carrollton GR | Judge: Andy McCoy
The Ex-Im bank distorts market competition over trade and results in defaults and failures—Enron and Solyndra prove—collapses the economy
DeMaura, ’12 04/03/12, Stephen DeMaura, “Congress Must Reform the Export-Import Bank to Save U.S. Jobs”, http://townhall.com/columnists/stephendemaura/2012/04/03/congress_must_reform_the_exportimport_bank_to_save_us_jobs/page/full/
The Export-Import Bank is a government agency which is responsible for aiding in
AND
doing is undermining American businesses and American workers and that is just wrong.

Turn—the Ex-Im bank finances foreign companies—that kills competitiveness
James, ’12 October 2012, Sallie James, “Ending the Export-Import Bank”, http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/export-import-bank#7
Interestingly, the Ex-Im Bank has occasionally stacked the deck against U.
AND
.S. carriers and could force them to cancel certain routes.and#34;40

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington KF | Judge: Kirk Evans, Stephen Pipkin
Mexico Says No
González-Aguirre et. al ‘8 9/22/08, Rosa Luz González-Aguirre is proffesir in Department of Sociology, Metropolitan Autonomus University, Unit Azcapotzalco. Rodolfo Quintero-Ramírez is professor at Department of Processes and Technology, Metropolitan Autonomus University, Unit Cuajimalpa. “Biofuels production in Mexico a complex problem”, https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/36934/Rosa_Luz_Gonzalez_Biofuels_Production.pdf?sequence=1
In Mexico the possibility of producing biofuels has generated a wide range of political,
AND
true benefits and problems associated with biofuels?. They have not been answered.

Conditioning Mexico energy reform kills momentum for it
Barnes ‘11
Joe Barnes, the Bonner Means Baker Fellow at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, written extensively on international economics, with a focus on the geopolitics of energy, April 29, 2011, “The Future of Oil in Mexico”, http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-BarnesBilateral-04292011.pdf.
Nonetheless, the ability of the United States to encourage reform is severely limited.
AND
spluttering about the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.37

Clean Tech not cost-competitive- investors don’t think it’s beneficial and that it’ll fail
James 3/1 (Adam, writes about climate change and clean/green technology and environmental reforms, “The Angels and Demons of Clean Tech Investment”- Climate Progress; 3/1/13; http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/03/01/1657981/obstacles-early-clean-tech-investing/)
Decarbonizing electricity markets is a core task in the effort to tackle climate change.
AND
and correcting market failures like pollution.

No extinction from climate change
NIPCC 11 – the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, an international panel of nongovernment scientists and scholars, March 8, 2011, “Surviving the Unprecedented Climate Change of the IPCC,” online: http://www.nipccreport.org/articles/2011/mar/8mar2011a5.html
In a paper published in Systematics and Biodiversity, Willis et al. (2010
AND
the fossil record indicates remarkable biotic resilience to wide amplitude fluctuations in climate.and#34;

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: St Francis SR | Judge: McFarland, Ziegler, Henderson
Mexico says no – corruption outweighs environmental interests, empirics prove, and international law’s too complex.
San Carlos 6-26 6/26/13,Vince San Carlos is awriter for San Carlos TV,. “H.R. 2706 BILLFISH CONSERVATION ACT vs THE LACEY ACT: What these laws could mean for the Sea of Cortes if they were enforced”, http://www.sancarlos.tv/h-r-2706-billfish-conservation-act-vs-the-lacey-act-what-these-laws-could-mean-for-the-sea-of-cortes-if-they-were-enforced/
The Gulf of Ulloa covers roughly the northern half of the Pacific coastline of Southern
AND
appear that in America just as Mexico, money talks and bullshit walks.

Conditioning Mexico energy reform kills momentum for it
Barnes ‘11
Joe Barnes, the Bonner Means Baker Fellow at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, written extensively on international economics, with a focus on the geopolitics of energy, April 29, 2011, “The Future of Oil in Mexico”, http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-BarnesBilateral-04292011.pdf.
Nonetheless, the ability of the United States to encourage reform is severely limited.
AND
spluttering about the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.37

Turn – singling out Mexico politicizes CITES – collapses treaty credibility.
Lapointe ‘2k 2000, Eugene Lapointe  is President of the International Wildlife Management Conservation, “IWC Newsletter #21”, http://www.iwmc.org/newsletter/2000/2000-11a.htm
The CITES Secretariat understands full well that if CITES is to survive as a relevant
AND
powerful of member nations would signal the beginning of the end of CITES.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 7 | Opponent: Saint Marks JM | Judge: Talon Powers, Juan Garcia
Non unique – Mexico is too close to the US
Chunsi, ’13 2013, Wu ChunSi is Senior Fellow Institute for International Strategic Studies Executive Director Center for American Studies Member, “US-Mexico-China Relations in the Context of Regional Cooperation”, http://en.siis.org.cn/index.php?m=contentandc=indexanda=showandcatid=15andid=87
On the basis of above analyses, we see three important features in China-
AND
short side in the trilateral relations among the US, Mexico and China.

US-Mexico Trade Now
Presidency of the Republic, 7-15 7/15/13, Staff for the President of Mexico, “Annual Trade between Mexico and the USA Totals US$500 Billion”, http://www.mexidata.info/id3663.html
Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto declared that annual trade between Mexico and the United States
AND
, noting that Mexico is the only emerging economy currently promoting structural changes.

China economy not dependent on Latin America
Domínguez, ‘6 June 2006, Jorge I. Domínguez professor Harvard University  at Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, “China’s Relations With Latin America: Shared Gains, Asymmetric Hopes”, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/china.pdf

Yet, if the gains are shared, the hopes for further gains are asymmetrical
AND
The asymmetry in both  hopes and leverage is an issue for the future.

Chinese Present in Latin America causes cyberattacks
Ellis, ’13 6/6/13, R. Evan Ellis is an Assistant Professor of National Security Studies in the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies at the National Defense University and Associate with Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., with an emphasis on Latin American security issues, PhD in Political Science, “China's New Backyard: Does Washington realize how deeply Beijing has planted a flag?”, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/06/china_s_new_backyard_latin_america
The challenge to Washington from China's presence in the region also extends beyond economics and
AND
represent potential assets in a global asymmetric warfare campaign against the United States.

Cyber-vulnerability causes great power nuclear war
Fritz 9 Researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament Jason, researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July,  http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf
This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear weapons.
AND
its own, without the need for compromising command and control centres directly.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 7 | Opponent: Saint Marks JM | Judge: Talon Powers, Juan Garcia
Transition not happening – fossil fuels outpacing renewables
Plumer, 7/10 (Brad, Washington Post, “Bad news: The world’s energy supply isn’t getting any cleaner”, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/07/10/bad-news-fossil-fuels-are-more-than-keeping-up-with-clean-energy/)
We’ve seen plenty of charts over the past few years showing that wind and solar
AND
faster rate. For now, though, the world’s not on track.

No internal link – No transition
KHAVARI ’12 – Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Bremen; research associate at several economic institutes in Germany (Khavari, Farid A. “THE FINAL CRASH – THE END OF U.S. DOMINANCE IN 2013 – Part Three – Substitution of Crude Oil – The Overlooked Links”. April 11, 2012. http://investmentwatchblog.com/the-final-crash-the-end-of-u-s-dominance-in-2013-part-three-substitution-of-crude-oil-the-overlooked-links/#.T9A1RqVYsqJ)
But a closer analysis shows that a series of steps and considerations must be taken
AND
$4.80 and then fell back to $2.50. 

China is winning the clean tech race now and its key to their economic development—US-Chinese clean tech are zero-sum
Bredenberg, ’13 02/11/13, Al Bredenberg, “Why is the U.S. Losing the Cleantech Race with China?”, http://news.thomasnet.com/green_clean/2013/02/11/why-is-the-u-s-losing-the-cleantech-race-with-china/
The U.S. is losing the sustainable energy technology race to China.
AND
where resources can be had and are plugging them into their own country.”

Renewables fail – intermittency, base-load generation, and storage capacity plus government red tape
Bach 2012 (Nate, J.D. from UCLA School of Law, “The Future of the United States Renewable Sector”, Energy Acuity, http://www.energyacuity.com/blog/bid/219632/The-Future-of-the-United-States-Renewable-Sector)
In any election year, energy use and production has and always will be an
AND
sector to grow and provide clean and inexpensive energy to the entire population

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 6 | Opponent: Greenhill MR | Judge: Abby Schirmer, Aaron Kall
Republicans won’t let a mitigation treaty happen
Tulloch, ’12 January 17th, 2012, James Tulloch, writer for the current affairs news wing of Alianz, “Agenda 2012: In Search of American Soul”, http://knowledge.allianz.com/demographics/current_affairs/?1742/agenda-2012-us-elections-in-search-of-the-american-soul
And whoever takes possession of America’s political soul for the next four years, what
AND
on board,” says Christoph Bals, policy director of environmental NGO Germanwatch.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 7 | Opponent: Saint Marks JM | Judge: Talon Powers, Juan Garcia
Maximizing all lives is the only way to affirm equality
Cummiskey ‘90
David, Professor of Philosophy, Bates, Kantian Consequentialism, Ethics 100.3, p 601-2, p 606, jstor
We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice
AND
moral consideration of conduct, one's own subjective concerns do not have overriding importance

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science DM | Judge: Brian Kersch
Globalisation solves transition away from complexity
Faludi 5 – Sustainable design strategist and researcher. He teaches green design at Stanford University _{Jeremy, Collapsing Upwards, World Changing, http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002207.html
Assuming these are good models of societal collapse, what can we do to avoid
AND
so by choice rather than by need as people in collapsing societies do.}

Complexity sustainable—diminishing returns don’t mean collapse—this is the author your evidence is based on
Tainter, ‘09 10/3/09, Joseph A. Tainter, Global Institute of Sustainability and School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University, interviewed by Kazys Varnelis, the Director of the Network Architecture Lab at the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, “Interview with Joseph Tainter on Collapse,” http://varnelis.net/blog/interview_with_joseph_tainter_on_collapse
Diminishing returns to complexity are probably inevitable,
AND
And it is a big part of why a future crisis in fossil fuels is the most important thing we should be worrying about.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 6 | Opponent: Greenhill MR | Judge: Abby Schirmer, Aaron Kall
Energy policy is an olive branch – key to CR. Polcap is not effective
Grant 1-20 1/20/13, David Grant is the Christian Science Monitor's congressional correspondent in Washington, D.C. where he covers Capitol Hill, “Obama’s second term: Can he work with Congress?”, http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0120/Obama-s-second-term-Can-he-work-with-Congress-video
While Mr. Obama came to Washington promising to change it, he spent much
AND
have plenty of GOP support – but that remains a large “if.”

Oil and Obama both loves the plan – solves link
Dlouhy 4-25 4/25/13, Jennifer Dlouhy covers energy policy and other issues for the Houston Chronicle, “House bill would codify Gulf of Mexico drilling deal”, http://fuelfix.com/blog/2013/04/25/house-bill-would-codify-gulf-of-mexico-drilling-deal/
The accord is designed to encourage commercial unitization agreements where oil and gas resources that
AND
told the House panel that Congress should pass the legislation as quickly as possible

Oil lobbies key to CR
Left of Legal ’11 4/12/11, Writer for FDL a political blog, “Republicans and the Oil Price Cake”, http://my.firedoglake.com/leftoflegal/2011/04/12/republicans-and-the-oil-price-cake/
So, then, why is it that Republicans fight tooth and nail for any
AND
what is ultimately best for America. It haseverything to do with money:

Turn Winner’s win
A. Second term battles cause bandwagoning
Hirsh ‘2-7 2/7/13, Michael Hirsh is chief correspondent for National Journal; citing Ornstein, a political scientist and scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and Bensel, gov’t prof at Cornell, "There's No Such Thing as Political Capital", www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
AND
change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect.”

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington KF | Judge: Kirk Evans, Stephen Pipkin
Energy policy is an olive branch – key to debt ceiling. Polcap is not effective
Grant 1-20 1/20/13, David Grant is the Christian Science Monitorand#39;s congressional correspondent in Washington, D.C. where he covers Capitol Hill, “Obama’s second term: Can he work with Congress?”, http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0120/Obama-s-second-term-Can-he-work-with-Congress-video
While Mr. Obama came to Washington promising to change it, he spent much
AND
have plenty of GOP support – but that remains a large “if.”

Oil and Obama both loves the plan – solves link
Dlouhy 4-25 4/25/13, Jennifer Dlouhy covers energy policy and other issues for the Houston Chronicle, “House bill would codify Gulf of Mexico drilling deal”, http://fuelfix.com/blog/2013/04/25/house-bill-would-codify-gulf-of-mexico-drilling-deal/
The accord is designed to encourage commercial unitization agreements where oil and gas resources that
AND
told the House panel that Congress should pass the legislation as quickly as possible

API has a strangle hold on Congress
Froomkin ’11 4/6/11, Dan Froomkin is contributing editor of Nieman Reports, and the former senior Washington correspondent for the Huffington Post, “How The Oil Lobby Greases Washingtonand#39;s Wheels”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/06/how-the-oil-lobby-greases_n_845720.html
Clout in Washington isnand#39;t about winning legislative battles -- itand#39;s about making sure that they
AND
. and#34;Certainly I hope weand#39;re having some role in the debate here.and#34;

Turn Winner’s win
A. Second term battles cause bandwagoning
Hirsh ‘2-7 2/7/13, Michael Hirsh is chief correspondent for National Journal; citing Ornstein, a political scientist and scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and Bensel, gov’t prof at Cornell, and#34;Thereand#39;s No Such Thing as Political Capitaland#34;, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
AND
change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect.”

B. Overloading – Increasing the size of the agenda makes items more likely to pass
Cohn ‘9 3/11/09, Jonathon Cohn, The New Republic, “The Case for Presidential Multi-Tasking”, http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/the_treatment/archive/2009/03/11/the-case-for-presidential-multi-tasking.aspx
My friend William Galston is not the only writer/pundit urging President Obama to
AND
that just won a landslide presidential election while building up huge congressional majorities.

No Polcap

1. Syria
   Breitbart 9-8
   Andrew, 9-8-13 8:14AM, http://exchangegoldforcash.com/money/u-s-government/president/2012-election/breitbart/syria-a-pawn-in-americas-budget-debt-battle/
   The fight over federal spending and the debt ceiling had been expected to be a
   AND
   , preventing Obama from using his bully-pulpit in the fiscal fights. 

PC Fails and is Low- The Congress stands divided- only risk of a link turn
Koring 9-16 9/16/13, Paul Koring is a Canadian journalist and foreign correspondent for The Globe and Mail. He is currently posted to the Washington Bureau as the paperand#39;s foreign affairs and international security correspondent. “Obama faces fall showdown with Congress’”, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/obama-faces-fall-showdown-with-congress/article14329090/
In turn, despite the President’s impressive oratory, he may be wearing out his
AND
fiscal cliff to drive a stake into the President’s health-care program.

Won’t happen
Raum ’11 1/15/11, Tom Raum covers politics and economics for The Associated Press in the Washington bureau. “Record $14 trillion-plus debt weighs on Congress”, http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_17108333?source=rssandnclick_check=1
Democrats have use doomsday rhetoric about a looming government shutdown and comparing the U.
AND
,and#34; and raising the debt limit will become an imperative, he suggested.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: St Francis SR | Judge: McFarland, Ziegler, Henderson
No link to Mexico – and extraction management solves
Biron, Inter Press Service, 13
Carey L., 5-16-13, Inter Press Service, “U.S.: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CENTRAL TO EQUITABLE DEVELOPMENT”, Lexis, accessed 7-10-13
Trillions of dollars a year are being produced through extractive industries, but just a
AND
models may be a but at least we're starting to have that discussion." 

Dutch Disease research is flawed – poorly constructed samples and hypotheses
Ross, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, ‘99
(Michael L., Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His forthcoming book is on the impact of commodity booms on state institutions; it includes case studies of the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia, 1999, World Politics The Johns Hopkins University Press. “The Political Economy of the Resource Curse,” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v051/51.2er_karl.html#astnote, P.299, Accessed: 7/13/13, LPS.)
From the 1950s to the 1970s, the question of resource wealth was at the
AND
understanding of the political predicament of states that rely heavily on commodity exports.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 6 | Opponent: Greenhill MR | Judge: Abby Schirmer, Aaron Kall
Prices will inevitably stay high- Middle East Instability
Unger 9-4 9/4/13, David J. Unger is a staff writer for The Christian Science Monitor, covering energy for the Monitor's Energy Voices. “Why oil prices will stay high – even without a Syria crisis”, http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy-Voices/2013/0904/Why-oil-prices-will-stay-high-even-without-a-Syria-crisis
The threat is that violence in Syria will spill over to other nations. Even
AND
have driven demand down, and renewables offer even greater hope for energy independence

Non-unique – other energy bills solve for perception
Alario 6-16 6/16/13, Dick Alario is the Chairman of the National Ocean Industries Association which represents all facets of the domestic offshore energy and related industries, “Time to Remove Roadblocks to Offshore Energy Production”, http://www.noia.org/time-to-remove-roadblocks-to-offshore-energy-production/
A decade ago, it seemed far-fetched that America would be poised to
AND
 that will provide independent advice to the offshore energy industry.

No impact on international markets
Barnes ‘11
Joe Barnes, the Bonner Means Baker Fellow at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, written extensively on international economics, with a focus on the geopolitics of energy, April 29, 2011, “The Future of Oil in Mexico”, http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-BarnesBilateral-04292011.pdf.
In summary. the slow decline of Mexican oil production, in and of itself
AND
Pemex's development into something like Norway's Statol would mark an important improvement.36

No links – no revolution
Simmons 4-25 4/25/13, Daniel Simmons is the Institution for Energy Research State and Regulatory Affairs Director before the House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, “SIMMONS: North America is Energy Rich”, http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2013/04/25/simmons-north-america-is-energy-rich/
The United States and Mexico are energy rich countries. Total recoverable oil in North
AND
the border is the potential for cooperation between the United States and Mexico.

Low oil prices key to Russian economy
RTT News, 12 (3/7/12, "Low Oil Prices Key to Russia's Growth: Capital Economics", RTT News, www.rttnews.com/1835939/low-oil-prices-key-to-russia-s-growth-capital-economics.aspx kdh)
Lower oil prices can boost Russia's growth in a meaningful way in the coming years
AND
shift to a new investment-led growth model, the economist added.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: St Francis SR | Judge: McFarland, Ziegler, Henderson
Fracking causes no damage to the environment- Poland is proof
Reuters 12 (Macieh Onoszko, Reuters, 3/2/12, “Polish fracking well probe shows no harm to environment,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/02/poland-shale-idUSL5E8E21GH20120302)
Drilling at Poland's first shale gas exploration well using the controversial technique known as fracking
AND
set up shop in Poland in hopes of tapping Poland's vast estimated reserves.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: Semis | Opponent: GBN DK | Judge: Andrew Arsht, Jordana Sterberg, Kyla Summers
No Keystone approval
Gizzi, 9/25 September 25th 2013, John Gizzi is a writer for NewsMax, “Five Years And Still No Keystone Decision”, http://www.newsmax.com/John-Gizzi/terry-keystone-anniversary-nebraska/2013/09/25/id/527618
All but lost in the furor surrounding last week's House vote to fund the government
AND
spirited House GOP efforts in the closing months of this session of Congress. 

Obama’s pulling back offshore drilling---it’s a bargaining chip---the plan angers environmentalists
John Wojick 10, Editor, People’s World, 12/2/10, “Environmentalists hail Obama curb on offshore drilling,” http://www.peoplesworld.org/environmentalists-hail-obama-curb-on-offshore-drilling/
The Obama administration announced yesterday that it was withdrawing plans for expanding oil drilling in
AND
on environmental issues, as Republicans exercise their increased clout on Capitol Hill.

Keystone’s vulnerable---appeasing the environmental base’s key to passage
Andrew Restuccia 13, Politico energy reporter, former energy and environmental reporter for The Hill, 2/8/13, “Can Obama pair Keystone, climate action?,” Politico, http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=4F387968-2B0B-43D8-9A84-C55EB3FC76E0
Of course, a Keystone approval is far from a done deal. With climate
AND
already laying the groundwork to stifle environmentalists’ outcry if he approves the pipeline.

Pipelines are safe, inevitable, and spills could be easily contained
Bloomberg 13, “The Environmentalist Case for the Keystone Pipeline,” 2-19-13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-19/environmentally-sound-reasons-to-allow-keystone-pipeline.html
Like most every sentient being, the project’s foes are worried about the pipeline’s potential
AND
gas pipelines, thousands of miles of which crisscross the U.S.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: Semis | Opponent: GBN DK | Judge: Andrew Arsht, Jordana Sterberg, Kyla Summers
US supply high now and demand low now
Cala 7-11-13 (Andrés Cala is an award-winning Colombian journalist, columnist and analyst specializing in geopolitics and energy. He is the lead author of America’s Blind Spot: Chávez, Energy, and US Security, “US Energy Renaissance Shifts Power”, July, 9th, 2013, http://consortiumnews.com/2013/07/09/us-energy-renaissance-shifts-geopolitics/)
The surge in U.S. output from shale gas and so-called
AND
the United States but for the world’s other major energy producers and consumers.

Russia can’t compete – America!
Kashi 6-10 6/10/13, David Kashi covers the energy sector for International Business Times and holds a MS from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism, “Is Gazprom, The Russian Natural Gas Giant, A Serious Contender For LNG Exports?”, http://www.ibtimes.com/gazprom-russian-natural-gas-giant-serious-contender-lng-exports-1338871
Gazprom, Russia's huge state-run energy company, will struggle to compete in
AND
share without massively priced discounting I think will be difficult,” Ebinger said.

Non-unique – other energy bills solve for export
Alario 6-16 6/16/13, Dick Alario is the Chairman of the National Ocean Industries Association which represents all facets of the domestic offshore energy and related industries, “Time to Remove Roadblocks to Offshore Energy Production”, http://www.noia.org/time-to-remove-roadblocks-to-offshore-energy-production/
A decade ago, it seemed far-fetched that America would be poised to
AND
 that will provide independent advice to the offshore energy industry.

No links – no revolution
Simmons 4-25 4/25/13, Daniel Simmons is the Institution for Energy Research State and Regulatory Affairs Director before the House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, “SIMMONS: North America is Energy Rich”, http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2013/04/25/simmons-north-america-is-energy-rich/
The United States and Mexico are energy rich countries. Total recoverable oil in North
AND
the border is the potential for cooperation between the United States and Mexico.

Russia is expanding its monopoly, leading to Russia-Ukraine conflict.
Financial Times ‘13 January 25, 2013. Roman Olearchyk in Kiev and Neil Buckley in London, “Russia hands Ukraine $7bn Gas Bill” http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/6c1111ae-6718-11e2-8b67-00144feab49a.html#axzz2J7cIWw3E=
Russia has demanded that Ukraine pay billions of dollars for failing to import an agreed
AND
would not need all its contracted gas, as permitted by its agreement.

Conflict spills over and goes nuclear.
Kingston et al 09 2009. Brian Kingston, Peter Loveridge, Joe Sterritt, The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs – CIFP “UKRAINE: A RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT” http://www4.carleton.ca/cifp/app/serve.php/1214.pdf=
Russia: Russia seeks to influence the weakened Ukraine, inflaming ethnic-Russian separatism
AND
nuclear war, or at least the drawing in of many other countries.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington KF | Judge: Kirk Evans, Stephen Pipkin
Momentum has been lost
Webber 9-2 9/2/13, Jude Webber is the Financial Times correspondent in Mexico City, “Peña Nieto promises to transform Mexico despite protests”, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/17911370-13fe-11e3-b0b4-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2eBJdbZf8
The president sought to minimise the protests, saying they were from teachers in poverty
AND
, Elba Esther Gordillo, on embezzlement charges and a key telecoms reform.

Plan Provides momentum for reforms
Goldwyn et. al 8-14 8/14/13, David L. Goldwyn is president of Goldwyn Global Strategies, LLC, an international energy advisory consultancy, and a nonresident senior fellow with the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution. David Goldwyn served as the U.S. State Department’s special envoy and coordinator for international energy affairs from 2009-2011, reporting directly to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. In this position, Goldwyn conceived and developed the Global Shale Gas Initiative and the Energy Governance and Capacity Initiative, led ministerial-level energy dialogues with Angola, Canada, China, India, Iraq, Mexico, Nigeria and Brazil, and co-chaired a regional biofuels initiative with Brazil. Neil R. Brown is a Senior Advisor at Goldwyn Global Strategies. Cory R. Gill is an Associate at Goldwyn Global Strategies. “Time to Implement the U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement — Congress: Drop the Poison Pill”, http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2013/08/14-us-mexico-transboundary-hydrocarbon-goldwyn-brown-gill
Senior Mexican officials have indicated the transboundary agreement could provide crucial momentum to President Peña
AND
. Gulf Coast communities vulnerable to negative environmental impacts from Mexican exploration activities.and#34;

Plan is key to make Reforms Succesful
Musarra 9-16 9/16/13, Sarah Parker Musarra is a reporter for OE Digital. “Mexico energy reform seeks to make history by repeating it”, http://oedigital.com/technology/item/3993-mexico-energy-reform-seeks-to-make-history-by-repeating-it
The Mexican government recognizes that there are many parts that have to fall in place
AND
lying in wait in the area, as Mexico is already finding out.

Plan solves for their Anti-American link
Rampton 4-29 4/29/13, Roberta Rampton is a writer for reuters who covers US energy and environmental policies, “U.S.-Mexico deal on expanded Gulf oil drilling still in limbo”, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/29/usa-mexico-oil-idUSL2N0DG0CV20130429.
DEAL COULD OPEN THE DOOR Oil is critical for the Mexican economy, paying for
AND
as the top Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee before he left Congress

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 5 | Opponent: Carrollton GR | Judge: Andy McCoy
Continuing unilateralism devastates leadership and makes international conflict inevitable
Monalván ‘10
Luis Carlos Montalván, Former Army Capt., freelance journalist and veteran’s advocate, Master's degrees in Journalism and Strategic Communications at Columbia University, April 23, 2010, “Multilateralism is Essential for Peace in the 21st Century,” Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/luis-carlos-montalvan/multilateralism-is-essent_b_550332.html
Unilateralism is the wrong approach for American Diplomacy. There is nothing to suggest its
AND
wage peace that is just as sophisticated as our capability to make war.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 2 | Opponent: Carrollton PT | Judge: Jordana Sternberg
Increased Drilling now
Dilallo 5-10 5/10/13, Matt Dilallo is an energy reporter for the Motley Fool. “Can the Gulf of Mexico Supplant Saudi Arabia?”, http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/05/10/can-the-gulf-of-mexico-supplant-saudi-arabia.aspx
Overall, activity is really starting to pick up in the Gulf. There are
AND
instead of depending on whatand#39;s been shifting sand for the last few decades. 

Zero interference with the military-~--DoD says so.
Dale Eisman 10 is AOL News Staff, “How Offshore Drilling Affects US Military,” Mar 31, 2010, http://www.aolnews.com/2010/03/31/how-offshore-drilling-affects-us-military/ Accessed Date: 2-8-13 y2k
WASHINGTON (March 31) -- President Barack Obamaand#39;s decision to expand offshore energy development
AND
to cross their ranges when military planes arenand#39;t using them, he said.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: St Francis SR | Judge: McFarland, Ziegler, Henderson
Prices will inevitably stay high- Middle East Instability
Unger 9-4 9/4/13, David J. Unger is a staff writer for The Christian Science Monitor, covering energy for the Monitor's Energy Voices. “Why oil prices will stay high – even without a Syria crisis”, http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy-Voices/2013/0904/Why-oil-prices-will-stay-high-even-without-a-Syria-crisis
The threat is that violence in Syria will spill over to other nations. Even
AND
have driven demand down, and renewables offer even greater hope for energy independence

Link is Non-Unique- Drilling Production in the gulf High Now and ramping up
Klump 9-13 9/13/13, Edward Klump is a reporter for Bloomberg News. “Wildcatter Hunch Unlocks $1.5 Trillion Oil Offshore U.S.”, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildcatter-hunch-unlocks-1-5-113441846.html
Texaco Inc. geologist Robert Ryan didn't suspect he was helping change the energy future
AND
943,000 barrels five years earlier, according to Energy Department data.

No impact on international markets
Barnes ‘11
Joe Barnes, the Bonner Means Baker Fellow at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, written extensively on international economics, with a focus on the geopolitics of energy, April 29, 2011, “The Future of Oil in Mexico”, http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-BarnesBilateral-04292011.pdf.
In summary. the slow decline of Mexican oil production, in and of itself
AND
Pemex's development into something like Norway's Statol would mark an important improvement.36

Russian stability does not depend on its economy
Goodrich and Zeihan 9 Lauren Goodrich, Stratfor's Director of Analysis and Senior Eurasia analyst, and Peter Zeihan, Vice President of Analysis at Stratfor, “The Financial Crisis and the Six Pillars of Russian Strength,” March 3 2009, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090302_financial_crisis_and_six_pillars_russian_strength
Politics: It is no secret that the Kremlin uses an iron fist to maintain
AND
stability and authority, regardless of whether this benefits the recipient of Moscow's attention

Low oil prices key to Russian economy
RTT News, 12 (3/7/12, "Low Oil Prices Key to Russia's Growth: Capital Economics", RTT News, www.rttnews.com/1835939/low-oil-prices-key-to-russia-s-growth-capital-economics.aspx kdh)
Lower oil prices can boost Russia's growth in a meaningful way in the coming years
AND
shift to a new investment-led growth model, the economist added.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 6 | Opponent: Greenhill MR | Judge: Abby Schirmer, Aaron Kall
Capital inflows and inflation are rising
Vergara 13 Sebastian Vergara, Economic Affairs Officer, United Nations “World Economic Situation and Prospects Weekly Highlights”, 17 April 2013,http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_wh/wesp_wh13.pdf
Capital inflows, especially portfolio investments, have continued to surge in Mexico since the
AND
limit of the central bank’s target range of 4.0 per cent. 

Non unique – investment  with Mexico high now
White House 5/2 Office of the Press Secretary, “Joint Statement between the United States and Mexico”, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/02/joint-statement-between-united-states-and-mexico
Underpinning our successful United States-Mexico economic relationship are trade and investment flows that
AND
both governments, and engage with relevant stakeholders, notably the private sector.

Oil is key to peso stability
Martin and Longmire ’11 3/15/11, Jeremy Martin is Director of the Energy Program at the Institute of the Americas, Sylvia Longmire is a former Air Force officer and Special Agent with the Air Force Office of Special Investigations, where she specialized in counterintelligence for the drug war, “The Perilous Intersection of Mexico’s Drug War and Pemex”, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=283:the-perilous-intersection-of-mexicos-drug-war-aamp-pemexandcatid=114:content0211andItemid=374
The interconnection of oil and nationalism in Mexico is historic and constitutional. Indeed,
AND
—as collateral for the roughly $20 billion in US loans to Mexico

FDI key to Mexico’s growth – empirics prove
Goldstein 11 Andrea, with the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, “Foreign Direct Investment and Mexican Development – A Look at Recent Trends,”
http://studentorgs.law.smu.edu/getattachment/International-Law-Review-Association/Resources/LBRA-Archive/16-4/3-Goldstein.pdf.aspx
FOREIGN direct investment (FDI) can be one of the principal drivers of economic
AND
and export assembly) is positively associated with growth in labor income.7

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 2 | Opponent: Carrollton PT | Judge: Jordana Sternberg
Link is Non-Unique- Drilling Production in the gulf High Now and ramping up
Klump 9-13 9/13/13, Edward Klump is a reporter for Bloomberg News. “Wildcatter Hunch Unlocks $1.5 Trillion Oil Offshore U.S.”, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/wildcatter-hunch-unlocks-1-5-113441846.html
Texaco Inc. geologist Robert Ryan didnand#39;t suspect he was helping change the energy future
AND
943,000 barrels five years earlier, according to Energy Department data.

Agricultural run-off makes water pollution inevitable.
Tolman 8/1/95 –Environmental and Public Works Committee Jonathan, “A Harvest of Environmental Abuse,” CEI. August 1, 1995, http://cei.org/gencon/025,01427.cfm
For the last decade, taxpayers have footed the bill for farm programs to the
AND
likely have a significant beneficial effect on the environment of the Everglades ecosystem.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Carrollton GR | Judge: Michael Greenstein, Paul Johnson
Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted
Ried Ijed ’10 December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, “Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America”, Vol 3 No. 2
While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more
AND
required to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.

Debating energy policy is good
Mitchell 10 (Gordon R, Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, where he also directs the William Pitt Debating Union, “SWITCH-SIDE DEBATING MEETS DEMAND-DRIVEN RHETORIC OF SCIENCE”, http://www.pitt.edu/~gordonm/JPubs/Mitchell2010.pdf)
An additional dimension of nuance emerging from this avenue of analysis pertains to the precise
AND
paradigms of policy planning with situated, contingent judgments informed by reflective deliberation.

Perm solves – environment apocalypse is inevitable AND key to change – the alternative FAILS without political engagement.
Schatz, ’12 July 14, 2012, JL Schatz is a Professor of English and Feminist Evolutionary Studies at Binghamton University, The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of-The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism”
Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a
AND
where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet. 

Deterrence theory creates a mutual vulnerability and respect that ushers in a paradigm of onto-security
Lupovici, 2008 (Amir, Post-Doctoral Fellow Munk Centre for International Studies University of Toronto,
“Why the Cold War Practices of Deterrence are Still Prevalent: Physical Security, Ontological Security and Strategic Discourse”
http://cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2008/Lupovici.pdf)
Since deterrence can become part of the actors’ identity, it is also involved in
AND
it strengthened the actors’ identities and created more stable expectations of avoiding violence.

Real world affects discourse – attempts to just change the security mindset is wishful thinking that increases violent fascism
Mearsheimer 95
Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, 1995 (International Security)
FLAWS IN THE CAUSAL LOGIC. The main goal of critical theorists is to change
AND
far more violent than realism will not emerge as the new hegemonic discourse.

Their attempts to challenge international relations representation destroys effective political action
Jarvis, lecturer in the Department of Government and International Relations, Faculty of Economics, Politics and Business at the University of Sydney, Australia, 2000
DSL, ‘International Relations and the Challenge of Post Modernism, University of South Carolina Press, pg 189-190
First, the project of subversive-deconstructive postmodernism can be seen as contrary to
AND
an intellectual poverty now famed perversely as the search for "thinking space."

Catastrophe/Inevitability discourse is key to action – it is accurate and the only way for effective communication
Risbey ‘7 1/15/7, James S. Risbey. “The new climate discourse: Alarmist or alarming?” Science Direct, http://cstpr.colorado.edu/students/envs_4800/risbey_2008.pdf
Hulme (2006) says that the ‘‘language of catastrophe is not the language
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also be rendered ‘unscientific’, and there is no scope for communication.

Debate about apocalyptic impacts is crucial to activism and effective policy education
Blain – professor of Sociology – 91
Michael Blain, RHETORICAL PRACTICE IN AN ANTI-NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAMPAIGN, Peace and Change
Peace activism can be understood as a sociopolitical performance. It enacts a pattern of
AND
they transcend psychological despair and obtain a sense of personal power.(n6)

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Hunter McCullough
Even with flaws – it is still true
Miller, ‘2 (Katherine Miller, Prof. of Communication at Texas AandM, Communication theories:  Perspectives, processes, and contexts, 2002, p 35-36)
If positivism, in its classical and logical forms, is largely rejected, what
AND
are studied within post-positivist theory are considered in the next section.

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 7 | Opponent: Saint Marks JM | Judge: Talon Powers, Juan Garcia
Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted
Ried Ijed ’10 December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, “Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America”, Vol 3 No. 2
While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more
AND
required to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.

Perm solves – environment security is inevitable AND key to change – the alternative FAILS without political engagement.
Schatz, ’12 July 14, 2012, JL Schatz is a Professor of English and Feminist Evolutionary Studies at Binghamton University, The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 “The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of-The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism”
Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a
AND
where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet. 

Action is ALWAYS before ontology – substantive changes are better than the paralysis an ontological focus causes
Owen ‘02
David Owen, Reader of Political Theory, U Southampton, Millennium Vol 31 No 3 2002 p. 655-7
Commenting on the ‘philosophical turn’ in IR, Wæver remarks that ‘a
AND
the first and second dangers, and so a potentially vicious circle arises. 

Security creates a mutual vulnerability and respect that ushers in a paradigm of onto-security
Lupovici, 2008 (Amir, Post-Doctoral Fellow Munk Centre for International Studies University of Toronto,
“Why the Cold War Practices of Deterrence are Still Prevalent: Physical Security, Ontological Security and Strategic Discourse”
http://cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2008/Lupovici.pdf)

Since deterrence can become part of the actors’ identity, it is also involved in
AND
it strengthened the actors’ identities and created more stable expectations of avoiding violence.

Real world affects discourse – attempts to just change the security mindset is wishful thinking that increases violent fascism
Mearsheimer 95
Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, 1995 (International Security)
FLAWS IN THE CAUSAL LOGIC. The main goal of critical theorists is to change
AND
far more violent than realism will not emerge as the new hegemonic discourse.

Their attempts to challenge international relations representation destroys effective political action
Jarvis, lecturer in the Department of Government and International Relations, Faculty of Economics, Politics and Business at the University of Sydney, Australia, 2000
DSL, ‘International Relations and the Challenge of Post Modernism, University of South Carolina Press, pg 189-190
First, the project of subversive-deconstructive postmodernism can be seen as contrary to
AND
an intellectual poverty now famed perversely as the search for "thinking space."

Threats true for economy
DOUGLAS W. HANDS 84 Department of Economics University of Puget Sound What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg Source: Philosophy of Science, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Sep., 1984), pp. 495-503 http://www.jstor.org/stable/187496

1. Economic Predictions. Much of Rosenberg's discussion is directed toward explaining the "
   AND
   its predictive failings are not as great as Rosenberg would have us believe.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Hunter McCullough
Presume affirmative – humans are the only thing that give value to the universe
Parker, 1996
Kelly A., Associate Professor and Chair of philosophy at Grand valley state Pragmatism and Environmental Thought, Environmental Pragmatism edited by Andrew Light and Eric Katz,  
People may mean something else by "intrinsic value," however. Callicott reserves the
AND
, is the Alpha and the Omega of pragmatic thought about the environment.

A human centric approach is compatible with a non anthropocentric value statem
Hwang, 03. Kyung-sig, Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Seoul National University. “Apology for Environmental Anthropocentrism,” Asian Bioethics in the 21st Century, http://eubios.info/ABC4/abc4304.htm.
The third view, which will be defended here, is that there is no
AND
treatment of the earth's environment and its non-human habitants.5

Death is real and must be avoided
Paul Harrison, freelance writer, consultant on population, environment and development, M.A. in European literature languages from Cambridge University, M.A. in sociology from the London School of Economics, and Ph.D. in environmental science from Cambridge University, 1997 (“The Afterlife: false promises, real problems,” Scientific Pantheism, March 13, Available Online at http://members.aol.com/pantheism0/afterlif.htm, Accessed 02-23-2006)
Other than scripture, there is no reliable evidence for survival after death. There
AND
claim survival after death to prove it conclusively. No-one has.

Life is more than just energy – Lanza's theories are nonsense
Myers, 9 (Paul Zachary, associate professor of biology, University of Minnesota Morris, “The dead are dead,” 12/10/09, http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2009/12/10/the-dead-are-dead/, Tashma)
We are not just “energy”. We are a pattern of energy and matter
AND
the importance of these higher-order relationships when talking about our fate.

His theory is tainted by personal trauma – reject it even if he's qualified
Myers, 9 (Paul Zachary, associate professor of biology, University of Minnesota Morris, “The dead are dead,” 12/10/09, http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2009/12/10/the-dead-are-dead/, Tashma)
Lanza has respectable credentials as a stem cell biologist, but he’s also the author
AND
again — but this is not a reason to believe death doesn’t happen.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: Octas | Opponent: Eastside MW | Judge: Joseph Nelson, Kevin McCaffrey, Kyle Demming
Governments’ obey institutional logics that exist independently of individuals and constrain decisionmaking
Wight – Professor of IR @ University of Sydney – 6
(Colin, Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology, pgs. 48-50
One important aspect of this relational ontology is that these relations constitute our identity as
AND
upon it, upon its specific characteristics, its constants and its variables’.

Roleplaying is good – discussions of policy questions as if we were the government are crucial for skills development and change
Esberg and Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for
AND
allies and adversaries, would behave in response to US policy initiatives.7
By university age, students often have a pre-defined view of international affairs
AND
quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14

All their reasons the state is bad are a reason to vote affirmative—engaging means we know the tactics of the oppressor
Williams, ’70 1970, Robert F. Williams, interviewed by The Black Scholar, “Interviews,”, Vol. 1, No. 7, BLACK REVOLUTION (May 1970), pp. 2-14, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41163455
Williams: It is erroneous to think that one can isolate oneself completely from institutions
AND
people enter the vital organs of the establishment. Infiltrate the man's institutions.

Their abandonment of traditional fiat abandons training and inspiration of students to find careers in the halls of power and instead pursue marginal social movements ceding the halls of power to the right
COVERSTONE Dir of Debate @ Montgomery Bell Academy 2k6
 Alan-former debater @ Wake, MBA = private prep school in Nashville; “Acting on Activism”;
 DEBATER’S RESEARCH GUIDE (DRG), National Service Topic; Stephen Bauschard, editor;
http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/DRGArtiarticlesIndex.htm
The power to imagine public advocacy that actually makes a difference is one of the
AND
middle ground that preserves the American tradition of debate and deliberation within government.

TURN THE AFF - Rejection of the aff is not a good idea, we
AND
that they are colonialist bastards who don’t care about the benefits Mexico gains.

Moral absolutism is complicity with violence – it allows people to die for the sake of clean hands
Isaac, 2002
(Jeffrey C., James H. Rudy professor of Political Science and director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life at Indiana University, Bloomington, “Ends, Means and politics,” Dissent, Spring)
As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah
AND
not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted
Ried Ijed ’10 December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, “Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America”, Vol 3 No. 2
While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more
AND
required to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.

Our Knowledge production is good
Neo-positivism is good, much of the world is subjective but there ARE some patterns and focusing on those is best for policy.
Houghton 8
David Patrick, *Associate Professor of International Relations Theory at the University of Central Florida, 2008, Positivism ‘vs’ Postmodernism: Does Epistemology Make a Difference?, International Politics, pg 45
As long ago as 1981, Yale Ferguson and Richard Mansbach effectively laid the influence
AND
epistemological ones, ought to be what divides the international relations scene today.

BLACKS WERE DENIED EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES WITHIN POLITICS
WOODSON founder of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History  1933
Carter G.- (1875-1950), African American historian and educator; founder and editor of the Journal of Negro History and the Negro History Bulletin;  THE MISEDUCATION OF THE NEGRO; p.83-84
Not long ago a measure was introduced in a certain State Legislature to have the
AND
to conform to the policy of “keeping the Negro in his place.”

Blacks were not supposed to discuss issues of the day and were limited to racial discussions for the support or CRITICISM of politicians seeking office
WOODSON founder of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History  1933
Carter G.- (1875-1950), African American historian and educator; founder and editor of the Journal of Negro History and the Negro History Bulletin;  THE MISEDUCATION OF THE NEGRO; p.92
In the North the Negroes have a better chance to acquire knowledge of political matters
AND
Negro while the highly favorable party was doing so much for the race.

The state is the only thing that can effectively solve racism
Franklin 1993
John Hope, James B Duke Professor Emeritus of History Duke University, 1985-1992 was Professor of legal History in the Law School at Duke University; THE COLOR LINE:  Legacy for the Twenty First Century; p. 45
Neither the courts nor the Congress nor the president can declare by fiat, resolution
AND
it and, indeed, would be horrified if we even approached it.

Racial categories are a myth – their utilization only serves social and political needs of white supremacy
Leslie Espinoza, law professor, Boston College, CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW, October 1997,pp. 1607-8.
There is a horrific beauty about the system of oppression we call racism. For
AND
South Asians? Undoubtedly our categories expand to serve social and political needs. 

These categories should be rejected – racial definitions always perpetuate negative connotations that re-entrenches it
Leslie Espinoza, law professor, Boston College, CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW, October 1997, pp. 1607-8.
Race definitions operate to define the “have-nots” and to mask the
AND
in a way that leaves us lonely, isolated and mired in poverty. 

They use black suffering as a tool of the ballot, conflating that with empathetic identification of the other - this makes blackness a commodity
Hartman ’97 Associate Professor of English @ UC BERKLEY 1997 Saidiya V.- “SCENCES OF SUBJECTION:  Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America”; pp. 20-21
As well, we need ask why the site of suffering so readily lends itself
AND
the effacement of sentience integral to the wanton use of the captive body.  

This turns the case, spilling their harms over to the debate space
Hartman ‘97 Associate Professor of English @ UC BERKLEY 1997 Saidiya V.- “SCENCES OF SUBJECTION:  Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America”; pp. 21-23
By slipping into the black body and figuratively occupying the position of the enslaved,
AND
way, enjoyment disclosed the sentiments and expectations of the “peculiar institution.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: St Francis SR | Judge: McFarland, Ziegler, Henderson
Our framework is that the alternative should be judged on the efficacy of its response
AND
useless – governments’ obey institutional logics that exist independently of individuals and constrain decisionmaking
Wight – Professor of IR @ University of Sydney – 6
(Colin, Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology, pgs. 48-50
One important aspect of this relational ontology is that these relations constitute our identity as
AND
upon it, upon its specific characteristics, its constants and its variables’.

Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted
Ried Ijed ’10 December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, “Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America”, Vol 3 No. 2
While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more
AND
required to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.

Open markets are all true and beneficial to the standard of living. Globalization is inevitable it’s only a question how the US navigates the system – Mexico is key to the solution
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
Economic history shows us that trade has been a positive engine for wealth creation.
AND
has the potential to create a rising economic tide, lifting all boats.

Liberalism solves poverty in Latin America
Giordano and Li 12 November 2012, Paolo, PhD in Economics from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, Lead Economist at the Integratoin and Trade Sector of the IADB, and Kun, Research Fellow at IADB, “An Updated Assessment of the Trade and Poverty Nexus in Latin America,” pages 375-377, http://www.iadb.org/en/publications/publication-detail,7101.html?id=67029
Despite the move towards more open trade regimes, Latin American economies are still  relatively
AND
to overstate the importance of strengthening the capacity of policymaking in this area.

Economic calculations are good – ethics requires choices between competing demands – economics creates a system for stabilizing the demands of the Other as preferences, allowing for ethical dialogue through market competition and negotiation
Aasland ‘9
(Dag, Prof. of Economics @ U of Agder, Norway, Ethics and Economy: After Levinas, pgs. 65-66)
What is original in Levinas compared to other authors who also have defined being a
AND
, because they have no needs and thus no need to help each other

Liberlaism is key to peace—empirics
Daniel Grisworld 12/28/5, director of the Cato Institute Center for Trade Policy Studies,”Peace on Earth? Try Free Trade among Men”
Buried beneath the daily stories about car bombs and insurgents is an underappreciated but comforting
AND
acquire them peacefully by trading away what they can produce best at home.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Head Royce PT | Judge: Dave Weston
Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted
Ried Ijed ’10 December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, “Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America”, Vol 3 No. 2
While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more
AND
to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.

Shifts in knowledge production are useless – Institutions don’t listen to individuals
Wight – Professor of IR @ University of Sydney – 6
(Colin, Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology, pgs. 48-50
One important aspect of this relational ontology is that these relations constitute our identity as
AND
upon it, upon its specific characteristics, its constants and its variables’.

Even if they win theory first, you should evaluate impacts within the framework of neoliberal knowledge production – market relations are stable social constructions that people assume to be true – only using them as a starting point is politically productive
Jones and Spicer ‘9
(Campbell, Senior Lecturer in the School of Management at U of Leicester, Andre, Associate Professor in the Dept of Industrial Relations @ Warwick Business School U of Warwick, Unmasking the Entrepreneur, pgs. 22-23)
The third strand in our proposed critical theory of entrepreneurship involves questions of the 'extra
AND
of social structure for understanding entrepreneurship (see for example Swedberg, 2000).

Permutation do both – alternative alone fails
Ferguson ’10 2010, James, Stanford anthropology chair and professor, “Toward a left art of government: from ‘Foucauldian critique’ to Foucauldian politics”,History of the Human Sciences 2011 24: 61, SAGE
One of the founding premises of this special issue and the conference with which it
AND
come to take for granted is being redrawn, even as we speak. 

Frame the alternative within consequentialism – neoliberalism is most ethical because all practical alternatives are worse and cause violence
Richards 9 – PhD in Philosophy @ Princeton
Jay Richards, PhD with honors in Philosophy and Theology from Princeton, “Money, Greed, and God: Why Capitalism Is the Solution and Not the Problem,” pg. 31-32
Myth no. 1: The Nirvana Myth (contrasting capitalism with an unrealizable ideal
AND
worst way to do that is to try to create an egalitarian utopia.

Neoliberalism solves poverty in Latin America
Giordano and Li 12 November 2012, Paolo, PhD in Economics from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, Lead Economist at the Integratoin and Trade Sector of the IADB, and Kun, Research Fellow at IADB, “An Updated Assessment of the Trade and Poverty Nexus in Latin America,” pages 375-377, http://www.iadb.org/en/publications/publication-detail,7101.html?id=67029
Despite the move towards more open trade regimes, Latin American economies are still  relatively
AND
to overstate the importance of strengthening the capacity of policymaking in this area.

Collapsing neoliberalism results in increased corporate power
Phillipe Legrain, special adviser to the WTO director general Mike Moore, 2000, The WTO: Boon or Bane for the Developing World, p. http://www.focusweb.org/publications/2000/The20WTOThe20WTO-Boon20or20Bane20for20the20Developing20World.htm
A convincing case for the WTO’s abolition must show two things. First, that
AND
poorest South Koreans today are much richer than their counterparts 30 years ago. 

Structural violence declining now – global trade
Chen ‘2k – Professor of Law @ Minnesota University
Jim Chen, Professor of Law and Julius E. Davis Professor of Law, 2000-2001, University of Minnesota Law School.
“PAX MERCATORIA: GLOBALIZATION AS A SECOND CHANCE AT "PEACE FOR OUR TIME"”. November/December 2000. 24 Fordham Int'l L.J. 217. Lexis.
The antiglobalization movement has made some extraordinary claims. Let us transplant a precept of
AND
place because of, not in spite of, flourishing world trade. n186

Don’t let them paint us into a box – US actions are always different and we should never privilege the use of force, but we should neither privilege inaction against states
Kiely 05 (Ray, Professor of International Politics, Queen Mary University of London, UK, Senior Lecturer in Development Studies, SOAS, University of London, The Changing Face of Anti-Globalization Politics: Two
(and a Half) Tales of Globalization and Anti-Globalization, Globalizations; May2005, Vol. 2 Issue 1, p134-150, 17p,  http://web.ebscohost.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2andhid=9andsid=1f1398b6-fb2d-43d0-8fbf-23531a469b4b40sessionmgr4)
I want to conclude by making some tentative comments about the question of the relationship
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of independent actors from the civil society’ (World Social Forum 2002).

Globalization solves environment—conscience shift, regulation, development, clean tech, and private property
Norberg, Cato Institute Senior Fellow, 2003
Johan, In Defense of Global Capitalism, p. 225-37
Although multinational corporations and free trade are proving good for development and human rights in
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construction and heating of cattle pens for the purpose of native meat production.

Lefty environmental alarmism fails---we must create sustainable energy by pursuing oil to solve---only the aff offers a middle-ground whereas their alt disadvantages everyone except the small intellectual elite
Bradley 3 Robert, president of the Institute for Energy Research in Houston and an adjunct scholar of the Cato Institute. He received the Julian Simon Memorial Award for 2002 and is author, most recently, of Climate Alarmism Reconsidered, published by the Institute of Economic Affairs in London, "Energy Realism Overtaking Energy Alarmism" October 1, news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2003/10/01/energy-realism-overtaking-energy-alarmism?quicktabs_4=1
In the 1970s and 1980s, energy policy debates in the
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Proponents of energy policy activism must ask themselves: Is this worth fighting for?

Alternative is worse for the environment
Monbiot 9 – George Monbiot, columnist for The Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London (environmental science, August 17, 2009, “Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?,” online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change
The interesting question, and the one that probably divides us, is this:
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fight is still worth having; you, because you think it isn't.

Growth is sustainable
Haynes 8 (Beth, Professor of Economics at Brigham Young University-Hawaii, “Finite Resources vs. Infinite Resourcefulness”, August 19, http://wealthisnottheproblem.blogspot.com/2008/08/finite-resources-vs-infinite.html)
It’s common sense. Save today in order to have some available tomorrow. It’s
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been with us since ancient times and they have consistently been proven wrong.

Economic calculations are good – ethics requires choices between competing demands – economics creates a system for stabilizing the demands of the Other as preferences, allowing for ethical dialogue through market competition and negotiation
Aasland ‘9
(Dag, Prof. of Economics @ U of Agder, Norway, Ethics and Economy: After Levinas, pgs. 65-66)
What is original in Levinas compared to other authors who also have defined being a
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, because they have no needs and thus no need to help each other

The alt doesn’t solve the case – its inevitable and root cause does not mean solvency
Jones 11—Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html
My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001
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of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Hunter McCullough
Predictions are possible and necessary.
Bostrom 9 — Nick Bostrom, Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, Director of the Future of Humanity Institute, and Director of the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology at the University of Oxford, recipient of the 2009 Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the London School of Economics, 2009 (“The Future of Humanity,” Geopolitics, History and International Relations, Volume 9, Issue 2, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via ProQuest Research Library, Reprinted Online at http://www.nickbostrom.com/papers/future.pdf, Accessed 07-06-2011, p. 2-4)
We needrealistic pictures of what the future might bring in order to make sound decisions
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. Our actual epistemic location is some offshore place in that gulf.5

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Bronx Science DM | Judge: Brian Kersch
Governments’ obey institutional logics that exist independently of individuals and constrain decisionmaking
Wight – Professor of IR @ University of Sydney – 6
(Colin, Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology, pgs. 48-50
One important aspect of this relational ontology is that these relations constitute our identity as
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upon it, upon its specific characteristics, its constants and its variables’.

Debating about policy towards Latin America is valuable – without it change is impossible and their discourse gets coopted
Ried Ijed ’10 December/10, Ried Ijed is the Revista interamericana de Educación para la Democracia Interamerican Journal of Education for Democracy, “Towards a Deliberative and Democratic Model of International Cooperation in Education in Latin America”, Vol 3 No. 2
While the discourse of international organizations has changed over the past decade to emphasize more
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required to implement changes and mechanisms that would allow for more democratic participation.

The consensus is that open markets have been beneficial for Mexico, this is not that we should go control what they do, but let them choose to engage us for cooperative benefits
O’Neal ’13 2013, Shannon K. O’Neil is a senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization, “Two Nations Indivisible”, it’s a book
Economic history shows us that trade has been a positive engine for wealth creation.
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has the potential to create a rising economic tide, lifting all boats.

While its impossible to determine the effects of poverty, trade and engagement has been good for Mexico
Giordano and Li 12 November 2012, Paolo, PhD in Economics from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, Lead Economist at the Integratoin and Trade Sector of the IADB, and Kun, Research Fellow at IADB, “An Updated Assessment of the Trade and Poverty Nexus in Latin America,” pages 375-377, http://www.iadb.org/en/publications/publication-detail,7101.html?id=67029
Despite the move towards more open trade regimes, Latin American economies are still  relatively
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to overstate the importance of strengthening the capacity of policymaking in this area.

Their fears of epistemological bias are unfounded – even if our claims aren’t perfect, they are likely accurate
Martin 1 – Ron, Professor of Economic Geography at the University of Cambridge (“Geography and public policy: the case of the missing agenda”, Progress in Human Geography 25,2 (2001) pp. 189–210, http://geography.fullerton.edu/550/public20policy.pdf)
A second source of the prejudice against policy study, however, is the charge
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‘geography’ and ‘place’ matter for the conduct and content of policy discourse

Growth is sustainable
Haynes 8 (Beth, Professor of Economics at Brigham Young University-Hawaii, “Finite Resources vs. Infinite Resourcefulness”, August 19, http://wealthisnottheproblem.blogspot.com/2008/08/finite-resources-vs-infinite.html)
It’s common sense. Save today in order to have some available tomorrow. It’s
AND
been with us since ancient times and they have consistently been proven wrong.

Neo-positivism is good, much of the world is subjective but there ARE some patterns and focusing on those is best for policy.
Houghton 8
David Patrick, *Associate Professor of International Relations Theory at the University of Central Florida, 2008, Positivism ‘vs’ Postmodernism: Does Epistemology Make a Difference?, International Politics, pg 45
As long ago as 1981, Yale Ferguson and Richard Mansbach effectively laid the influence
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rather than metatheoretical or epistemological ones, ought to be what divides the international relations scene today.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Hunter McCullough
Roleplaying is good – discussions of policy questions as if we were the government are crucial for skills development and change
Esberg and Sagan 12 *Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108
These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for
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quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14

DEBATE roleplay specifically activates agency
Hanghoj ‘8 2008, Thorkild hanghoj is a professor at Copenhagen. Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant. http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
Thus, debate games require teachers to balance the centripetal/centrifugal forces of gaming
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, but also in becoming articulate and responsive citizens in a democratic society. 

PRECONDITION for education
Hanghoj ‘8 2008, Thorkild hanghoj is a professor at Copenhagen. Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant. http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
4.2.1. Play and imagination
Among educational theorists, John Dewey is well-known for stressing the learning potential
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through symbols, language, and social interaction (Waskul and Lust, 2004

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Hunter McCullough
Their fears of epistemological bias are unfounded – even if our claims aren’t perfect, they are likely accurate
Martin 1 – Ron, Professor of Economic Geography at the University of Cambridge (“Geography and public policy: the case of the missing agenda”, Progress in Human Geography 25,2 (2001) pp. 189–210, http://geography.fullerton.edu/550/public20policy.pdf)
A second source of the prejudice against policy study, however, is the charge
AND
‘geography’ and ‘place’ matter for the conduct and content of policy discourse

Turn – epistemology is subjective and leads to oppression  
Cloud, Professor of Communication Studies at Texas, 06
(December, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies)
Of necessity, attention to the films here is curtailed in favor of my main
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has allowed agency to wither away in the shadow of structuralism and relativism.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: St Paul Central BN | Judge: Sharon Hopkins
Revolutionary interdendency is key to reclaiming a vision of feminist sisterhood that acknowledges a commitment to anti-racist struggle.  Recognizing the interlocking nature of systems of domination helps REGAIN the revolutionary progressive momentum of feminism.
hooks  former distinguished prof of English @ City College of New York  1995
bell-currently on staff at Berea College in Kentucky, noted scholar and author;
KILLING RAGE Ending Racism; p. 106-107
It is this understanding of revolutionary interdependency that must be shared if we are to
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white supremacist capitalist patriarchy, feminist movement will regain its revolutionary progressive momentum.

White supremacy now can OVERSEE and ERADICATE any COLLECTIVE RESISTANCE through the SEDUCTION of material reward
The net benefit is a collective resistant to white supremacy
hooks  former distinguished prof of English @ City College of New York  1995
bell-currently on staff at Berea College in Kentucky, noted scholar and author;
KILLING RAGE Ending Racism; p. 108-110
When I began the process of education for critical consciousness to radicalize my thinking and
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white supremacy into our lives, constantly reminding us of our marginalized status.

Active performativity is the key to feminist genealogy
Stone 2003 (Alison, Centre for Philosophy, Furness College, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK, “Towards a Genealogical Feminism: A Reading of Judith Butler's Political Thought”, from Contemporary Political Theory (2005), http://www.palgrave-journals.com/cpt/journal/v4/n1/abs/9300135a.html)
 Judith Butler's contribution to feminist political thought is usually approached in terms of her concept of performativity, according to which gender exists only insofar as it is ritualistically and repetitively performed, creating permanent possibilities for performing gender in new and transgressive ways. In this paper, I argue that
Butler's politics of performativity is more fundamentally grounded in the concept of genealogy, which
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lines, in terms of an idea of active and multiple bodily forces.

Our exposure of the forever foreigner is a way to interrogate US coloniality
U.S. MILITARY OCCUPATION OF BODIES AND LAND HAS CONSEQUENCES .
MAISEL Marketing Asst for Stanford University Press 2k8
Kira-; PRESS RELEASE on a book by Nadia Kim Entitled IMPERIAL CITIZENS:  Koreans and Race from Seoul to LA; June 2008; http://www.sup.org/html/book_pages/0804758875/Press20Release.pdf
The presence of the U.S. military in foreign countries creates not just an outflow of resources
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have serious consequences for everyone involved.

The myth of the model minority reproduces the psychological violence against women
Tang 2k TANG Assistant Professor in the Department of African American Studies and the Asian American Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago 2000 Eric-; Refugee Reality:  Clinton’s Vietnam Fiction; COLORLINES the national news magazine on race and politics; Issue 10, Fall; http://www.colorlines.com/printerfriendly.php?ID=219
During his visit to Vietnam this past week, President Clinton urged the Vietnamese people
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regulate" the informal, highly exploitative, and ephemeral industries of the ethnic

Permutation – we interrogate the myth of the model minority to uphold transnational feminism. Traditional notions of feminism degrade other women.
Reilly ’11 Niamh, 2011, Professor at the School of Political Science and Sociology of the National University of Ireland, Galway, Irish Journal of Sociology, Vol. 19.2, “Doing transnational feminism, transforming human rights: the emancipatory possibilities revisited,” http://www.womynshumanrights.info/articles/Reilly-Transnational_Feminism.pdf
These criticisms of the limits of human rights in contesting social and economic oppressions –
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cultural economy and the corollary of intersectional or cumulative disadvantages experienced by others.

Discussions of sexual violence must be inclusive of the Asian experience – our methodology is better for the liberation of all oppressed groups, the myth of the model minority is swept under the rug
Woan ‘8 2008, Sunny Woan is a J.D in Public Interest and Social Justice Law, she studied Critical Race Theory at the Santa Clara University School of Law. “WHITE SEXUAL IMPERIALISM: A THEORY OF ASIAN FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE,” 14 Wash. and Lee J. Civil Rts. and Soc. Just. 275, Lexis
This Article proposes a new framework for studying the intersection of feminist jurisprudence and critical
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community. The author asks for little more for now: merely recognition.

the negative operates within the framework of blackness – this causes racial scapegoating that undermines coalitions – the Aff solves because it takes a prior interrogation of racism of Asians that prop up the black white binary
Hutchinson ‘4 August/2004, Darren Lenard Hutchinson is a professor of Law at Washington College of Law, “Critical Race Theory: History, Evolution, and New Frontiers,” American University Law Review, LN
Ultimately, however, the exclusive deployment of a binary black/white paradigm artificially
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that disparages blacks' assertions of racial injustice by deploying model minority constructs. n111

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: CE Byrd GN | Judge: Hunter McCullough
Calculus Bro

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 7 | Opponent: Saint Marks JM | Judge: Talon Powers, Juan Garcia
We meet---TBA is economic engagement
Jacobson 06/18/13 (U.S. SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS WRITTEN TESTIMONY BY ROBERTA S. JACOBSON, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE AFFAIRS BEFORE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE WESTERN HEMISPHERE SUBCOMMITTEE, UNITED STATES SENATE, JUNE 18, 2013, http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2013/06/20130618276661.html#axzz2YSwhF7iA)

We have negotiated and signed the U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement.
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to reshape our neighbor’s economic landscape and expand our economic engagement with Mexico.

C/I Economic engagement includes energy –
Huang ‘8 4/2008, Chin-Hao Huang is a Research Associate at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ("SIPRI") in Stockholm, Sweden. Previously, he worked at the Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies ("CSIS"), in Washington, DC, USA. “THE CRISIS IN DARFUR: A STEIN CENTER and LEITNER CENTER COLLOQUIUM: ESSAY: U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS AND DARFUR,” Fordham International Law Journal, Lexis

The statistics are familiar to most observers following China's economic interests in Sudan. Since
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at approximately 500,000 barrels per day (bpd)) indefinitely. n10

Tournament: Greenhill Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington KF | Judge: Kirk Evans, Stephen Pipkin
C/I – Economic engagement is lifting restrictions
Haass and Oand#39;Sullivan 2K 2008, Richard and Meghan, VP/Director of Foreign Policy Studies + Senior Fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program @ Brookings, and#34;Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies,and#34; Survival, p. 2-3  
Architects of engagement strategies can choose from a wide variety of¶ incentives. Economic
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just some of the possible incentives used in the form of¶ engagement.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Head Royce PT | Judge: Dave Weston
C/I QPQs are not Engagement
Smith 5 (Karen E, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, London School of Economics, “Engagement and conditionality: incompatible or mutually reinforcing?,”  May 2005, Global Europe: New Terms of Engagement, http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:8-3RqE0TzFMJ:scholar.google.com/+engagement+positive+incentives+bilateralandhl=enandas_sdt=0,14)
First, a few definitions. ‘Engagement’ is a foreign policy strategy of building
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induce change in another country, conditionality more of a top-down strategy

Tournament: AAA | Round: 1 | Opponent: A2 is Blocks for the Performance Aff, A3 is Blocks for the IPR Aff | Judge: AT is Blocks for the TBA Aff
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