1nc- Apocalyptic K CP- greenhouse gas fee DA- Shunning 2NR- K
UGA
4
Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Dustin Greenwalt
1NC- Security K Neoliberalism K T-QPQ
2NR- Security K
UGA
6
Opponent: Northview MP | Judge: Andrew Lockwood
1NC- Cosmopolitanism K T- G2G
2NR- K
USC
1
Opponent: Gabrielino | Judge: Roman
1nc spark 2nr spark
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Cites
Entry
Date
2AC CP - Greenhouse Gas Fee
Tournament: UGA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodward SP | Judge: Andrew Hart Ex-Im influence greens global financing Gong 6 – JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton (Karis Anne, “EXPORTING SUSTAINABILITY: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf) A third area where competitive bidding for contracts can result in negative ¶ externalities is AND ¶ significant environmental repercussions: the emissions of GHGs that cause climate change. Greening the export-import bank is key to climate multilateralism Gong 6 – JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton (Karis Anne, “EXPORTING SUSTAINABILITY: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf) If the Export-Import Bank were a country, it would rank seventh out AND , and assent to, ¶ future multilateral agreements to reduce GHG emissions. CP fails—too slow, won’t get commercial support, and can’t reduce emissions AND CP links to politics Shellenberger et al 8 – MA in Cultural Anthropology from UC-Santa Cruz, President of the Breakthrough Institute, a paradigm-shifting think tank committed to modernizing liberal thought for the 21st Century Michael, RESHAPING THE GLOBAL WARMING DEBATE: Fast, Clean, and Cheap: Cutting Global Warming's Gordian Knot, 2 Harv. L. and Pol'y Rev. 93, Lexis Today, there is a dilemma--a "Gordian Knot"--at the heart AND the private sector either cannot or will not be able to make. 3
Counterplan leads to monitoring failure Alter 2k Rolf Alter, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. “Reducing the risk of policy failure: challenges for regulatory compliance,” OECD 2000 www1.oecd.org/puma/regref/pubs/Compliance.pdf Deterrence failure. Regulators can face a failure of deterrence because so many kinds of AND if people do not believe noncompliance is likely to be discovered or punished.
Cap and Trade leads to business streamlining – not innovation Stavins 2k – Prof Government @ Harvard Economic Analysis of Global Climate Change Policy: A Primer, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=240389 Since the compliance costs associated with most climate policies are initially incurred by private firms AND underestimate the relative costs of employing such instruments to achieve global climate targets. Carbon Tax is Useless- Will do Nothing to help environment Michaels 13 7/13 (Forbes writer for interface of public policy and public science) (Patrick, The Carbon Tax: Washington's Latest Bad Idea, Oddly Shepherded By Republicans, 7/5/13,) http://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmichaels/2013/07/05/the-carbon-tax-washingtons-latest-bad-idea-oddly-shepherded-by-republicans/ Every year, as temperatures approach their July peak, our “greener” friends AND assumptions being aggressively pushed by an obscure think tank and a former congressman.
3/1/14
2AC DA - Shunning
Tournament: UGA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodward SP | Judge: Andrew Hart No link and we solve the impact Kupchan 10 - Professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University (Charles, “Enemies Into Friends,” Foreign Affairs) But Obama is fully justified in putting the democratization agenda on the back burner and AND with recalcitrant autocrats may undermine them far more effectively than containment and confrontation. Consequentialism justifies atrocity Isaac ‘2—Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington Jeffery C., Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest. As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.
3/1/14
2AC K - Apocalyptic
Tournament: UGA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodward SP | Judge: Andrew Hart Discussion of apocalyptic impacts key to our framework – creates transferable decision-making skills for our personal lives Aradau, Professor IR at King’s College, and van Munster, Senior Researcher Defence and Security at the Danish Institute for International Studies, ’12 (Claudia and Rens, July, “The Securitization of Catastrophic Events: Trauma, Enactment, and Preparedness Exercises” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political; Vol 37 No 3, p 227-239, SagePub) The objective of exercises, then, is to experiment with the event in order AND , the import of minute details as well as interpersonal and community relations. Threats exist independently of representations --claiming that threats are entirely constructed dooms security studies to irrelevance Knudsen 1 – Olav F. Knudsen is Professor Emeritus of Political Science @ Södertörn Univ College, Security Dialogue 32.3, “Post-Copenhagen Security Studies: Desecuritizing Securitization,” p. 360 In the post-Cold War period, agenda-setting has been much easier AND instance), not least to find adequate democratic procedures for dealing with them. We control uniqueness – the warming threat is consistently downplayed now Romm 12 – PhD in Physics @ MIT Joe, “Apocalypse Not: The Oscars, The Media And The Myth of ‘Constant Repetition of Doomsday Messages’ on Climate”, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/26/432546/apocalypse-not-oscars-media-myth-of-repetition-of-doomsday-messages-on-climate/#more-432546 The two greatest myths about global warming communications are 1) constant repetition of doomsday AND by most of the rest of the media, intelligentsia and popular culture. Apocalyptic environment rhetoric key to activism and individual changes Veldman, PhD Candidate Religion and Nature at U of Florida, ’12 (Robin- National Foundation Fellow at the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship, Spring, “Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists” Ethics and the Environment, Vol 17 No 1, ProjectMuse) Environmental Apocalypticism and Activism As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that AND apocalypticism and moral reasoning looks like in practice. End Page 12 And its key to large scale political motivation Gardiner 10 – Professor @ Washington Stephen Gardiner, Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy and the Program on Values in Society at the University of Washington, Future Ethics, pg. 91-92 What are the implications of all this psychology? Weber suggests that we must find AND truly global and catastrophic instances of it at that – which can help. Environmental security engages in human-centric securitization that avoids problematic divisive referents Roe, Professor International Relations at Central European University, ’12 (Paul, June, “Is securitization a ‘negative’ concept? Revisiting the normative debate over normal versus extraordinary politics” Security Dialogue, Vol 43 No 3, SagePub) In this particular regard, Floyd (2007) distinguishes between state-centric and AND to have the same status?’ (Floyd, 2010: 193). Individual solutions fail without governmental oversight – public policy changes are needed Hezri 12/17/13 – Program Director for the Technology, Innovation, Environment and Sustainability division at the Institute of Strategic and International Studies (Adnan A. Hezri, “To change policy, win power” ROUNDTABLE: ENERGY IMPERATIVES, ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, December 17 2013, http://thebulletin.org/energy-imperatives-environmental-awareness/change-policy-win-power) Two of the solutions most frequently offered for addressing the "energy trilemma" of AND prevent societies from prospering. Environmentalists must accept that life is for living.
3/1/14
2AC K - Neoliberalism
Tournament: UGA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Dustin Greenwalt Neolib isn’t the root cause – their alternative is utopian and unproductive – prefer our epistemology Giordano and Li 12 - *Paolo, PhD in Economics from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, Lead Economist @ the Integratoin and Trade Sector of the IADB, Kun, Research Fellow @ IADB (“An Updated Assessment of the Trade and Poverty Nexus in Latin America,” p. 375-377)BB Despite the move towards more open trade regimes, Latin American economies are still ¶ AND to overstate the importance of strengthening the capacity of policymaking in this area. Failure to provide an actualizable alternative is why their critique has failed – even if representations matter, changing them in intellectual spaces is insufficient* Haverluk et al, Professor Econ and Geoscience at US Air Force Academy, ’14 (Terrence Haverluk, Kevin Beauchemin, and Brandon Mueller, January, “The Three Critical Flaws of Critical Geopolitics: Towards a Neo-Classical Geopolitics” Geopolitics, p 1-21, TandFOnline) Classic geopolitik and its links to state power and imperialism meant that critical geopoliticians have AND of academics and it facilitates the marginalisation of geography as an academic discipline. Our epistemology is not flawed – yours is Bhagwati, Professor Econ and Law at Columbia, ‘2 (Jagdish- Senior Fellow International Economic CFR, January/February, “Coping with Anti-Globalization” Foreign Affairs) But we who favor globalization must also confront the young. And if you have AND or revolutions leading to a whole new age of abundance and liberty).”29 4) Ex-Im raises the bar for environmental standards and corporate accountability Sheppard 3 – JD, represents clients before the IRS regarding foreign financial accounts ( AND Chance Compliance Initiative (LCCI), and Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (OVDP) (Hale, “Revamping the Export-Import Bank in 2002: The Impact of This Interim Solution on the United States and Latin America,” 6 N.Y.U. J. Legis. and Pub. Pol'y 130, Hein Online) Second, an increase of U.S. exports of goods and services to AND in¶ Latin America thanks to financing by the Ex-Im Bank. Alt fails – neo-liberal economics inevitable – resiliency despite 2k8 recession and Eurozone crisis prove Schmidt, IR Prof @ BU and Thatcher Politics Prof @ London School of Economics, 10/24 Vivien A. Schmidt is Professor of International Relations and Political Science at Boston University; Mark Thatcher is Professor of Comparative Politics and International Studies at the London School of Economics. This piece builds on their argument in their co-edited book, Resilient Liberalism in Europe's Political Economy. “Why are Neo-liberal ideas so resilient?” 24 OCTOBER 2013 http://www.policy-network.net/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4500andtitle=Why-are-Neo-liberal-ideas-so-resilient- Given the abject failure of the Neo-liberal policy offer, why has it AND be difficult to reverse, regardless of their failure to solve the crisis. Globalization makes extinction less likely – solves the environment should consciousness shift and regulation Norberg 3 – Cato Institute Senior Fellow (Johan, In Defense of Global Capitalism, p 225-37 Although multinational corporations and free trade are proving good for development and human rights in AND construction and heating of cattle pens for the purpose of native meat production. Audience cost prevents conflict Apodaca, Professor – IR – Florida International, 07 (Economic globalization and violent civil conflict: Is openness a pathway to peace?, The Social Science Journal, Volume 44, Issue 4, Pages 599–619) There has been little systematic assessment of the impact of globalization on armed conflict within AND prospective strength of this “audience” and thus the costs of conflict. Economic crisis hasn’t motivated alternatives to capitalism, collapse just spurs its worst excesses* Zizek, Senior Researcher University of Ljubljana, ’12 (Slavoj, November, “Capitalism: How the left lost the argument” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/08/capitalism) One might think that a crisis brought on by rapacious, unregulated capitalism would have AND demonstrate that the only solution to a failure of capitalism is more capitalism. Its more sustainable and BETTER for the environment Liverman and Vilas 6 – *Diana, Professor of Environmental Science at Oxford University, Oxford (“Neoliberalism and the Environment in Latin America,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, vol. 31, Web of Sciences)BB Neoliberal processes alter the impacts of industrial activities on the environment mainly through changes in AND regulation in the manufacturing sector; and higher costs of energy and water.
3/1/14
2AC K - Neoliberalism
Tournament: UGA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Dustin Greenwalt Neolib isn’t the root cause – their alternative is utopian and unproductive – prefer our epistemology Giordano and Li 12 - *Paolo, PhD in Economics from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, Lead Economist @ the Integratoin and Trade Sector of the IADB, Kun, Research Fellow @ IADB (“An Updated Assessment of the Trade and Poverty Nexus in Latin America,” p. 375-377)BB Despite the move towards more open trade regimes, Latin American economies are still ¶ AND to overstate the importance of strengthening the capacity of policymaking in this area. Failure to provide an actualizable alternative is why their critique has failed – even if representations matter, changing them in intellectual spaces is insufficient* Haverluk et al, Professor Econ and Geoscience at US Air Force Academy, ’14 (Terrence Haverluk, Kevin Beauchemin, and Brandon Mueller, January, “The Three Critical Flaws of Critical Geopolitics: Towards a Neo-Classical Geopolitics” Geopolitics, p 1-21, TandFOnline) Classic geopolitik and its links to state power and imperialism meant that critical geopoliticians have AND of academics and it facilitates the marginalisation of geography as an academic discipline. Our epistemology is not flawed – yours is Bhagwati, Professor Econ and Law at Columbia, ‘2 (Jagdish- Senior Fellow International Economic CFR, January/February, “Coping with Anti-Globalization” Foreign Affairs) But we who favor globalization must also confront the young. And if you have AND or revolutions leading to a whole new age of abundance and liberty).”29 4) Ex-Im raises the bar for environmental standards and corporate accountability Sheppard 3 – JD, represents clients before the IRS regarding foreign financial accounts ( AND Chance Compliance Initiative (LCCI), and Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (OVDP) (Hale, “Revamping the Export-Import Bank in 2002: The Impact of This Interim Solution on the United States and Latin America,” 6 N.Y.U. J. Legis. and Pub. Pol'y 130, Hein Online) Second, an increase of U.S. exports of goods and services to AND in¶ Latin America thanks to financing by the Ex-Im Bank. Alt fails – neo-liberal economics inevitable – resiliency despite 2k8 recession and Eurozone crisis prove Schmidt, IR Prof @ BU and Thatcher Politics Prof @ London School of Economics, 10/24 Vivien A. Schmidt is Professor of International Relations and Political Science at Boston University; Mark Thatcher is Professor of Comparative Politics and International Studies at the London School of Economics. This piece builds on their argument in their co-edited book, Resilient Liberalism in Europe's Political Economy. “Why are Neo-liberal ideas so resilient?” 24 OCTOBER 2013 http://www.policy-network.net/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4500andtitle=Why-are-Neo-liberal-ideas-so-resilient- Given the abject failure of the Neo-liberal policy offer, why has it AND be difficult to reverse, regardless of their failure to solve the crisis. Globalization makes extinction less likely – solves the environment should consciousness shift and regulation Norberg 3 – Cato Institute Senior Fellow (Johan, In Defense of Global Capitalism, p 225-37 Although multinational corporations and free trade are proving good for development and human rights in AND construction and heating of cattle pens for the purpose of native meat production. Audience cost prevents conflict Apodaca, Professor – IR – Florida International, 07 (Economic globalization and violent civil conflict: Is openness a pathway to peace?, The Social Science Journal, Volume 44, Issue 4, Pages 599–619) There has been little systematic assessment of the impact of globalization on armed conflict within AND prospective strength of this “audience” and thus the costs of conflict. Economic crisis hasn’t motivated alternatives to capitalism, collapse just spurs its worst excesses* Zizek, Senior Researcher University of Ljubljana, ’12 (Slavoj, November, “Capitalism: How the left lost the argument” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/08/capitalism) One might think that a crisis brought on by rapacious, unregulated capitalism would have AND demonstrate that the only solution to a failure of capitalism is more capitalism. Its more sustainable and BETTER for the environment Liverman and Vilas 6 – *Diana, Professor of Environmental Science at Oxford University, Oxford (“Neoliberalism and the Environment in Latin America,” Annual Review of Environment and Resources, vol. 31, Web of Sciences)BB Neoliberal processes alter the impacts of industrial activities on the environment mainly through changes in AND regulation in the manufacturing sector; and higher costs of energy and water.
3/1/14
2AC K - Security
Tournament: UGA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Dustin Greenwalt Epistemology doesn’t come first, our claims are good enough to act upon Kratochwil 8 – professor of international relations – European University Institute Friedrich, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213 The lesson seems clear. Even at the danger of “fuzzy boundaries”, when AND Besides, “timing” seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment. Even if epistemology does come first, ours is sound Schweller 4 Randall L. Schweller, Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at The Ohio State University, “Unanswered Threats A Neoclassical RealistTheory of Underbalancing,” International Security 29.2 (2004) 159-201, Muse Despite the historical frequency of underbalancing, little has been written on the subject. AND domestic-level variables that regularly intervene to thwart balance of power predictions. No impact – economics and public pressure prevents endless intervention Ben Ami, VP of Toledo International Centre for Peace, ’11 (Shlomo, July 1, “Arab Spring, Western Fall” Project Syndicate, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/benami55/English) The old vocation of what Rudyard Kipling called the “White Man’s Burden” – AND building constabulary designed to chase guerrillas, build schools, or sip tea.” Our framing is necessary – Western liberalism eliminates suffering – the alternative is worse Kors 1 – Professor of History @ Penn Alan, professor of history at University of Pennsylvania and senior fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Orbis, Summer, EBSCO For generations, and to this day, the great defenders of the humane consequences AND certain something worth calling Western civilization did in fact survive the twentieth century. Statistics prove our argument in the context of economically liberal peace – the alt can’t overcome this Hubbard 10 – American University Jesse Hubbard, “Hegemonic Stability Theory: An Empirical Analysis,” Scholar In his magnum opus The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon AND fearsome, but it is vulnerable to even a short blast of wind. Discourse doesn’t create security, it’s a response to real and material concerns – prefer our threat-specific internal links Glover 11 – University of Bradford, UK Nicholas, “Does Security exist outside of the speech act?,” http://www.e-ir.info/2011/10/09/does-security-exist-outside-of-the-speech-act/ Significant to this theory is Waver’s notion of societal security, which invokes community and AND be known or heard. Security therefore is not just a speech act. Economics and security are inevitably intertwined - trying to separate the two only produces uninformed politics Ripsman 11 – Political Science Department of Concordia University (Norrin, “FALSE DICHOTOMIES: WHY ECONOMICS IS HIGH POLITICS” Ridgway Working Group on the Political Economy of International Security, 2011, http://www.ridgway.pitt.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=62BXqz12FEqs3Dandtabid=233)
3/1/14
2AC K - Security
Tournament: UGA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Dustin Greenwalt Epistemology doesn’t come first, our claims are good enough to act upon Kratochwil 8 – professor of international relations – European University Institute Friedrich, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213 The lesson seems clear. Even at the danger of “fuzzy boundaries”, when AND Besides, “timing” seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment. Even if epistemology does come first, ours is sound Schweller 4 Randall L. Schweller, Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at The Ohio State University, “Unanswered Threats A Neoclassical RealistTheory of Underbalancing,” International Security 29.2 (2004) 159-201, Muse Despite the historical frequency of underbalancing, little has been written on the subject. AND domestic-level variables that regularly intervene to thwart balance of power predictions. No impact – economics and public pressure prevents endless intervention Ben Ami, VP of Toledo International Centre for Peace, ’11 (Shlomo, July 1, “Arab Spring, Western Fall” Project Syndicate, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/benami55/English) The old vocation of what Rudyard Kipling called the “White Man’s Burden” – AND building constabulary designed to chase guerrillas, build schools, or sip tea.” Our framing is necessary – Western liberalism eliminates suffering – the alternative is worse Kors 1 – Professor of History @ Penn Alan, professor of history at University of Pennsylvania and senior fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Orbis, Summer, EBSCO For generations, and to this day, the great defenders of the humane consequences AND certain something worth calling Western civilization did in fact survive the twentieth century. Statistics prove our argument in the context of economically liberal peace – the alt can’t overcome this Hubbard 10 – American University Jesse Hubbard, “Hegemonic Stability Theory: An Empirical Analysis,” Scholar In his magnum opus The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon AND fearsome, but it is vulnerable to even a short blast of wind. Discourse doesn’t create security, it’s a response to real and material concerns – prefer our threat-specific internal links Glover 11 – University of Bradford, UK Nicholas, “Does Security exist outside of the speech act?,” http://www.e-ir.info/2011/10/09/does-security-exist-outside-of-the-speech-act/ Significant to this theory is Waver’s notion of societal security, which invokes community and AND be known or heard. Security therefore is not just a speech act. Economics and security are inevitably intertwined - trying to separate the two only produces uninformed politics Ripsman 11 – Political Science Department of Concordia University (Norrin, “FALSE DICHOTOMIES: WHY ECONOMICS IS HIGH POLITICS” Ridgway Working Group on the Political Economy of International Security, 2011, http://www.ridgway.pitt.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=62BXqz12FEqs3Dandtabid=233)
3/1/14
2AC K- Cosmopolitanism
Tournament: UGA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Northview MP | Judge: Andrew Lockwood Methodology is not a priori even incomplete knowledge is sufficient – specificity is key Kratochwil 8 – professor of international relations – European University Institute Friedrich, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213 The lesson seems clear. Even at the danger of “fuzzy boundaries”, when AND Besides, “timing” seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment. Nationalism isn’t the root cause of the advantages Perm do both – solves, and the alternative isn’t mutually exlusive Dower 10 - Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, former President of the International Development Ethics Association Nigel, “Questioning the Questioning of Cosmopolitanism,” in Questioning Cosmopolitanism, p. 9 Second, one could still be a cosmopolitan and be an ethical pluralist. That AND or national – though the degree of importance of these will vary.22 Liberal nationalism is inevitable and resilient Lind 94 – former lecturer @ Harvard, MA in International Relations from Yale University and a JD from the University of Texas Law School Michael, “In Defense of Liberal Nationalism,” Foreign Affairs, Lexis The simple idea that every nation should have its own state -- accompanied by the AND States should identify itself with the most powerful idea in the contemporary world. State-centrism is the only way to produce human security and limit everyday injustice – material change should be preferred -alternatives to the state will not be democratically accountable – can’t give content to rights claims -key to value to life McCormack 10 – PhD in IR Tara McCormack, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, pg. 140-142 Critical and emancipatory theorists fail to understand that there must be a political content to AND and emancipatory approaches reproduce and authorise the constitutive particular practices of contemporary powers.
Their alternative fails – the nation-state won’t just give up Lind 94 – former lecturer @ Harvard, MA in International Relations from Yale University and a JD from the University of Texas Law School Michael, “In Defense of Liberal Nationalism,” Foreign Affairs, Lexis The mistake of prophets of a postnationalist world has been to leave out moral and AND financiers and industrialists is a mystery that interdependence theorists have yet to explain. Nationalism promotes democratic norms – comparatively more effective than cosmopolitanism Lind 94 – former lecturer @ Harvard, MA in International Relations from Yale University and a JD from the University of Texas Law School Michael, “In Defense of Liberal Nationalism,” Foreign Affairs, Lexis *we do not endorse gendered language Liberal nationalism holds that, far from being a threat to democracy, nationalism -- AND fatherland than by trying to inflame his passions for the whole of humanity."
Even incomplete knowledge is sufficient – specificity is key Kratochwil 8 – professor of international relations – European University Institute Friedrich, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213 The lesson seems clear. Even at the danger of “fuzzy boundaries”, when AND on an arbitrary appropriation or exegesis of any specific and self-absorbed theoretical We should focus on materiality. This doesn’t exclude debates over representations, but it means their K isn’t a trump card Rotter 2k – Professor of History @ Colgate Andrew, Professor of History at Colgate, “Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History,” American Historical Review, 105(4), October) For diplomatic historians, the link between cause and effect is crucial, and this AND Imperialism is not just an attitude. War is not preeminently a discourse.
3/1/14
2AC T - G2G
Tournament: UGA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Northview MP | Judge: Andrew Lockwood C/I: Engagement towards mexico is the country, not the government Oxford Dictionaries 13 Date Accessed May 10 2013 -- oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/Mexico Definition of Mexico¶ a country in southwestern North America, with extensive coastlines on AND Grande was lost to the US in the Mexican War of 1846–48 C/I: Economic engagement can be towards the private sector Haass and O’Sullivan, 2k - *Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution AND a Fellow with the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution (Richard and Meghan, “Terms of Engagement: Alternatives to Punitive Policies” Survival vol. 42, no. 2, Summer 2000, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/articles/2000/6/summer20haass/2000survival.pdf The provision of economic incentives to the private sector of a target country can be AND presents a multitude of possible partners for unconditional engagement with non-state actors We meet the C/I- plan finances tech for private sector Its means associated with Oxford Dictionaries, 13 (its, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/its?view=uk) Definition of its determiner belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned or easily identified: turn the camera on its side he chose the area for its atmosphere belonging to or associated with a child or animal of unspecified sex: a baby in its mother’s womb Ex-Im’s core function is economic engagement US Code 12 USC § 635 (http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/635) General banking business; use of mails; publication of documents, reports, contracts AND Opportunity Act 19 U.S.C. 3701 et seq..
3/1/14
2AC T - QPQ
Tournament: UGA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wheeler AP | Judge: Dustin Greenwalt WM- Conditions are required for every ExIm loan Brannon 11 – PhD in Economics @ Indiana (Ike and Elizabeth Lowell, “Export-Import Bank: Obstacles and Options for Reform,” American Action Forum, http://americanactionforum.org/sites/default/files/Ex-Im20Final20Draft21.pdf) Congress imposes a host of criteria that Ex-Im must ¶ take into account before providing financing, such as¶ requirements for reasonable assurance of repayment ¶ without competing with private capital, foreign ¶ content restrictions, transportation of exports using ¶ U.S. vessels, exclusion of military products, ¶ consideration of environmental impact, and ¶ allocation of 10 percent of financing for renewable ¶ energy and energy-efficient products and 20 percent¶ for small businesses.
C/I: Economic Engagement can be both Kane 8 – Major USMC Brian, “Comprehensive Engagement: A Winning Strategy,” MA Thesis, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a504901.pdf Engagement strategies are not new. Since the end of the Cold War, engagement AND 10¶ This definition of engagement has been the most successful historically.11 Toward means ‘in the direction of’ to•ward (tôrd, trd, t-wôrd) KEY PREPOSITION: also to•wards (tôrdz, trdz, t-wôrdz) KEY In the direction of: driving toward home. That’s American Heritage, 9 (‘toward’, http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/toward)
3/1/14
NDCA 1AC
Tournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame PD | Judge: Whit Whitman Consular Activities 1AC We begin this debate with the words of my great grandmother Dulce Maria Loynaz: Vuelvo a nacer en ti: Pequeña y blanca soy... La otra -la oscura-que era yo, se quedó atrás como cáscara rota, como cuerpo sin alma, como ropa sin cuerpo que se cae... (I am reborn in you: Small and white, I am the other The dark I used to be was left behind Like a broken shell Like a body without soul Like clothes without a body from which to fall) “Why are you still Cuban?” is a question that resonates strongly with me. A question that calls to mind what it means to originate from an island from which you cannot return. To ask “why are you still Cuban” is to ask me what is “Cuba” and it is here that the historical relationship between the US and Cuba must be examined. De los Angeles explains this beginning in 1999 de los Angeles Torres, Professor Latin American Studies at University of Illinois, ’99 (Maria, “In the Land of Mirrors: Cuban Exile Politics in the United States” University of Michigan Press) My Continued Quest for Coherence: Politics and Identity For years to talk about xenophobia AND searching for coherence, to begin reconciling with our enemies—and ourselves. Current debates about Cuba are too simplistic. Abreu describes in 2003 how… Abreu, Professor Law Temple University, ‘3 (Alice, “Cubans Without Borders: The Possible Dream” Florida Law Review, 55 Fla. L. Rev. 205, HeinOnline) The conflation of the physical border with the ideological one also revealed the bipolar nature AND of the Cuban experience and the paths both communities can take toward reconciliation. For some, it is easy to choose Team USA or Team Castro. For me, a member of the Cuban diaspora, the answer is not so simple. My dad was born in Cuba and as a result my upbringing has been incredibly different, but I know that it doesn’t match that of a native Cuban. Despite raising me as “Cuban” he resents the land he came from and does not want me return. The current dichotomy can only be ruptured by realizing identity is more complex than the binary that currently holds the Cuban diaspora’s identity hostage de los Angeles Torres, Professor Latin American Studies at University of Illinois, ’99 (Maria, “In the Land of Mirrors: Cuban Exile Politics in the United States” University of Michigan Press) Despite these new barriers, I continue to travel to the island when I can AND political, and emotional spaces in which my dual identities can be joined. In the same way that the question “why are you still Cuban?” is characterized by a binary between Team USA and Team Castro, the question “what is Cuban?” has been characterized by a binary between Black and White. This bipolar construction of race makes it impossible for Latin@s to define themselves because neither category describes who they are or where they are from Wildman, Professor Law at University of San Francisco, ’97 (Stephanie, “Reflections on Whiteness and Latina/o Critical Theory” Harvard Latino Law Review, 2 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 307, HeinOnline) The invisibility of whiteness works in curious ways when Latinas/os are added to AND what we study and in how we discuss the issues that are raised.
If Cuba is the people, it makes me wonder which people. Despite my father being born in Cuba, I find it difficult to relate to people that have lived in Cuba their entire life. My father tells me that the people arriving from Cuba right now are very different, they have had different experiences. I am the first American-born generation in a family that no longer wants any relation to Cuba after the atrocities that have been seen. I’ve been warned against exposure to my “home” which leaves me questioning whether or not it is my “home.” How will I ever know if I can’t go for myself and find out? In order to enable the Cuban diaspora residing in the US to answer the question ‘why are you still Cuban?’ Voting aff is to endorse the desirability of a bridge connecting the Cuba of Miami to the Cuba of Havana. This would require a change to current policies that prevent banks from processing visas for family travel by the diaspora Hayden, 12-3-’13 (Tom, “Ending the Cuba Travel Crisis” The Nation, http://www.thenation.com/article/177436/ending-cuba-travel-crisis) There is an opportunity for President Barack Obama to begin rolling back our Cuba sanctions AND too timid, for now, to fully undo its own senseless policy. The bridge we advocate is not literal, but the travel we endorse is. Lifting restrictions that prevent the Cuban diaspora in the US from being able to travel back to Cuba helps address the (dis)engagement that currently persists. A better understanding of my past exposes the contradictions of the current binary of politically extreme choices because the Cuban identity lies in both my home state of Cuba and my host state here in the US. It is only through this fusion that the Cuban diaspora can discover who we truly are. Duany, Professor Anthro at University of Puerto Rico, ’97 (Jorge, January, “From the Cuban Ajiaco to the Cuban-American Hyphen: Changing Discourses of National Identity on the Island and in the Diaspora” Cuba Studies Association Occasional Papers) Behar and Leon's compilation contains numerous transnational narratives tracing the construction and reconstruction of Cuban AND heart of Miami, just as Miami lives in the heart of Cuba. I know there may be a Cuban home for me in Miami and there may be a Cuban home for me in Havana. But to know why I am still Cuban requires connecting the present to the past by embracing a strategy that counters the physical dislocation of the diasporic community. I know that cuba is 90 miles away house but I’m still not sure whether or not this is “home.” I’m caught in between two places and I’m not sure which one I identify with more clearly. Abreu, Professor Law Temple University, ‘3 (Alice, “Cubans Without Borders: The Possible Dream” Florida Law Review, 55 Fla. L. Rev. 205, HeinOnline) Cubans are nothing if not bordered. Cubans on the island are not free to AND , and crossing one can be seen as tantamount to crossing the other. Diasporic travel back to Cuba serves as a form of reconciliation that refuses to accept the bipolar narratives that currently characterize our identity. In addition to giving the Cuban diaspora a sense of who they are, this helps dismantle current structures of Euroheteropatriarchy by reclaiming our voice from current ideologies of oppression that claim to speak for us Valdes, Professor Law at University of Miami, ‘3 (Francisco- Director Center for Hispanic and Caribbean Legal Studies, “Diaspora and Deadlock, Miami and Havana: Coming to Terms with Dreams and Dogmas” Florida Law Review, 55 Fla. L. Rev. 283 2003, HeinOnline)
Stay Independent of the Prevalent Bipolarities and Their Politics of Oppression. This AND here and there jointly to keep Cubans apart while we remain a nation. A literal change to current travel restrictions is necessary – critical race theory fails to be transformative unless it embraces politico-economic solutions Pouncy, Professor Law at Temple University, ‘2 (Charles, Summer, “Class, Economics, and Social Rights: Institutional Economics and Critical Race/LatCrit Theory: The Need for a Critical "Raced" Economics” Rutgers Law Review, 54 Rutgers L. Rev. 841) In the midst of its continuing development as arguably the most significant jurisprudential innovation in AND our descriptive analyses and to concretize our efforts at constructing systemic policy interventions.
4/12/14
USC 1ac
Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Gabrielino | Judge: Roman 1ac 1 Advantage one – Ex-Im Warming is anthropogenic Green 13 – Professor of Chemistry @ Michigan Tech, *John Cook – Fellow @ Global Change Institute, produced climate communication resources adopted by organisations such as NOAA and the U.S. Navy Dana Nuccitelli – MA in Physics @ UC-Davis *Mark Richardson – PhD Candidate in Meteorology, et al., (“Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature,” Environmental Research Letters, 8.2) An accurate perception of the degree of scientific consensus is an essential element to public AND 1 based on abstract ratings) endorses the scientific consensus on AGW. There is a low threshold for RUNAWAY warming – newest studies prove Goldblatt 13 – PhD in Environmental Sciences, Research Associate, Virtual Planetary Laboratory and Astronomy Department @ U Washington (Colin, et al., “Low simulated radiation limit for runaway greenhouse climates,” Nature Geoscience 6, 661–667, doi:10.1038/ngeo1892) Here, we present the most complete study of the runaway greenhouse for 25 years AND (with a major component being condensable), and no empirical comparison cases. Adherence to existing multilateral agreements avoids 4 degree warming – anything higher is catastrophic Kim 12 – PhD in Anthropology @ Harvard, former president of Dartmouth, Now President of the World Bank (Jim Yong, “Turn Down the Heat,” p. ix) The 4°C scenarios are devastating: the inundation of coastal cities; increasing AND in mind. The World Bank Group will step up to the challenge. Extinction Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA (Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122) The best estimates for …cultural and political changes. Congress has requested an increase in green financing, but the export-import bank has fallen short – increased financing is key to CLIMATE LEADERSHIP Pacific Environment 12 - protects the living environment of the Pacific Rim, mentors, trains, campaigns, builds networks, and provides direct financial support to activist leaders and non-governmental organizations to help them protect their communities from environmental and health threats and hold international governments, corporations, and financing institutions accountable for their policies and actions (“FACT SHEET: U.S. Export-Import Bank’s Fossil Fuel and Renewable Energy Financing,” http://pacificenvironment.org/downloads/FACT20SHEET:20ExIm20Bank20fossil20fuel20financing.pdf) Ex-Im Bank’s fast-growing fossil fuel financing undercuts President Obama’s pledges to AND , and quickening the distribution of ¶ clean energy technologies across the world. Greening the bank is key – creates momentum for multilateral climate agreements Gong 6 – JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton (Karis Anne, “EXPORTING SUSTAINABILITY: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf) First, climate change is a result of aggregate emissions and aggregate concentrations ¶ of AND multilateral development banks” including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.183 Independently – increased green Ex-Im financing is key to cleantech primacy Lowder 11 - member of the Market and Policy Impact Analysis Group in the Strategic Energy Analysis Center (Travis, “The United States Export-Import Bank and Renewable Energy Finance,” NREL, https://financere.nrel.gov/finance/content/united-states-export-import-bank-and-renewable-energy-finance) While the last three years have seen heightened Ex-Im activity in the RE AND deployment of U.S.-manufactured renewable energy products in international markets. Green leadership solves counterbalancing – specifically from Russia and China Klarevas 9 – Professor of Global Affairs (Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs @ New York University, “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony”, Huffington Post, 12-15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html) By not addressing climate change more aggressively and creatively, the United States is squandering AND means of leverage that can be employed to keep potential foes in check. Russia-China counterbalancing leads to great power conflict Blank 9 – Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College (Stephen Blank, “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?,” online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf) Consequently, the danger is that this ideological-strategic rivalry will harden, leading AND of joint military action in response to a regime crisis in the DPRK. 2 Advantage two – Mexico Post-NAFTA agricultural corrections will collapse the Mexican economy – US biofuel investment solves McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) Additionally, Mexican agricultural resources are scant in ¶ comparison to its North American counterparts AND to transport ethanol throughout both ¶ countries, and to points of export. Mexican collapse saps critical diplomatic capital Haddick 8 - University of Illinois, managing editor of the Small Wars Journal, was a U.S. Marine Corps officer, served in the 3rd and 23rd Marine Regiments, and deployed to Asia and Africa. He has advised the State Department, the National Intelligence Council, and U.S. Central Command (Robert, “Now that would change everything,” December 21, http://westhawk.blogspot.com/2008/12/now-that-would-change-everything.html) On November 25th, United States Joint Forces Command released to the public The Joint AND Asia. However, there would be no running from a Mexican collapse. That leads to Asian wars Lohman 13 – MA in Foreign Affairs @ UVA (Walter, “Honoring America’s Superpower Responsibilities,” http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/2013/06/honoring-americas-superpower-responsibilities) When you withdraw from the world, either by imposing trade barriers or drawing down AND they would have to do without the benefit of the American nuclear deterrent. These wars escalate Mead 10 (Mead, senior fellow @ the Council on Foreign Relations, 2010 Walter, American Interest, “Obama in Asia”, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2010/11/09/obama-in-asia/) The decision to go to Asia is one that all thinking Americans can and should AND , and that reality is what President Obama’s trip is intended to address. Independently – Mexican oil-dependent economy is unsustainable – PEMEX decline collapses US-Mexico relations Miller and DeLeon 9 - *Stephanie, consultant on U.S.-Latin America relations and was formerly the Research Associate for the Americas Project on the National Security Team. Born in Venezuela with family from Colombia, Miller earned her degree from Duke University in International Comparative Studies with a focus on Latin America. She currently lives in Bogotá, Colombia, Rudy, Senior Vice President of National Security and International Policy at American Progress (“Transcending the Rio Grande,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/04/pdf/mexico.pdf) Energy is a third area where the U.S. and Mexican economies are AND surrounding internal Mexican dynamics and account for them in shaping a strategic vision. A new biofuel alliance is key Morales 11 – PhD, Professor @ El Colegio de Mexico (Isidro, “The Energy Factor in Mexico-US Relations,” Baker Institute, http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-MoralesFactor-04292011.pdf) With the inception of NAFTA in 1994, and the emergence of a new security AND .S. will pursue their mutual interests while equally reaping the benefits. Specifically – export-import partnerships spill up into the broader relationship Donnelly 10 – Program Associate, Mexico Institute @ Wilson Center (Robert, “U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda) Discussant Johanna Mendelson Forman stressed the linkages connecting climate change, energy, and economic AND S. companies suffer from a lack of adequate export-import financing. Relations solve organized crime and drug networks Olson 9 (Eric L., M.A., International Affairs, American University; B.A., History and Secondary Education, Trinity College, Associate Director of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, as a Senior Specialist in the Department for Promotion of Good Governance at the Organization of American States, January 2009, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/The20U.S.20and20Mexico.20Towards20a20Strategic20Partnership.pdf) It is time to strengthen the U.S. relationship with Mexico. There AND a comprehensive and bilateral approach ¶ that limits the reach of organized crime. Latin American money laundering operations create strategic alliances between Russian organized crime and regional organizations Farah – President and Senior Fellow, International Assessment and Strategy Center – 10 Douglas, MONEY LAUNDERING AND BULK CASH SMUGGLING: CHALLENGES FOR THE MÉRIDA INITIATIVE, October, http://www.seguridadregional-fes.org/upload/5782-001_g.pdf#page=338 p. 158-159 Inroads by Russian organized crime, particularly in the field of money laundering, have AND at their command, it would be a logical step in their expansion. Organized crime presents the greatest risk of nuclear smuggling LYUDMILA ZAITSEVA and KEVIN HAND, Fellows at CISAC Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University – ‘3 Nuclear Smuggling Chains Suppliers, Intermediaries, and End-Users, AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST, Vol. 46 No. 6, February 2003 822-844 Networks trafficking in drugs, weapons, and other illicit commodities are well suited for AND of HEU that they obtained (Lee, 1999, p. 68). Nuclear terrorism causes global nuclear escalation Morgan, Professor of Foreign Studies at Hankuk University, ‘9 (Dennis Ray, December, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race” Futures, Vol 41 Issue 10, p 683-693, ScienceDirect) In a remarkable website on nuclear war, Carol Moore asks the question "Is AND , taking a savage toll upon the environment and fragile ecosphere as well.
3 Advantage three – Agriculture Mexican production transitions the US away from corn ethanol McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) Producing ethanol from sugar, for many reasons, is simply ¶ a better option AND global food markets,159 while contributing ¶ to the revitalization of farmland. This leads to sustainable framing – solves food-for-fuel tradeoffs McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) The problems discussed above, like any potential solutions, ¶ are all cyclical and AND food supplies, and easing pressure ¶ on U.S. farmlands. The impact is global food shocks Wise 12 - Policy Research Director, Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University (Timothy, “US corn ethanol fuels food crisis in developing countries,” http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/10/201210993632838545.html) Besides Egypt, North African countries saw particularly high ethanol-related losses: Algeria AND , so it has forced thousands of Ugandans deeper into poverty and hunger. A diversity of studies confirm corn biofuels are a key internal link to global food shocks Bryce 12 - senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, is the author, most recently, of Power Hungry: The Myths of “Green” Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future (Robert, “Democrats and Republicans Support Harmful Ethanol Subsidies for the Sake of Votes,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/05/democrats-and-republicans-support-harmful-ethanol-subsidies-for-the-sake-of-votes.html) At least 17 studies—done by organizations ranging from Purdue University to the World AND level and variability, and this has spilled over into other commodity markets.” Biofuel-induced shocks kills a billion people Runge and Senauer 7 – *Professor of Applied Economics @ U Minn, Professor of Applied Economics @ U Minn (C. Ford, Distinguished McKnight University Professor of Applied Economics and Law and Director of the Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy at the University of Minnesota; Benjamin, Professor of Applied Economics and Co-director of the Food Industry Center at the University of Minnesota, ‘How Biofuels could starve the poor,’ Foreign Affairs, May/June, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070501faessay86305/c-ford-runge-benjamin-senauer/how-biofuels-could-starve-the-poor.html) Biofuels may have even more devastating effects in the rest of the world, especially AND and many more will die from a multitude of hunger-related diseases. Food shocks escalate to all-out war Klare 12 - professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College (Michael, “The Hunger Wars in our Future,” http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-215_162-57489345/the-hunger-wars-in-our-future/?pageNum=1andtag=page) The Great Drought of 2012 has yet to come to an end, but we AND droughts, recurring food shortages, and billions of famished, desperate people. The impact is extinction Brown 9 – Founder of Worldwatch and EPI (Lester R, founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute “Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?” Scientific American, May) The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries AND states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.
Plan The Export Import Bank of the United States should offer substantial financing for second-generation biofuels in Mexico.
Solvency Finally – solvency Only the US solves Farnsworth 13 – MPA in IR @ Princeton, former State Department official, Vice President of the Council of the Americas and the Americas Society (Eric, “ENERGY SECURITY OPPORTUNITIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN,” House Testimony, Lexis) More broadly, the United States has a strategic interest in working with willing nations AND technical assistance to improve the investment climate and ¶ the rule of law.