Tournament: 0 - Contact Information | Round: 1 | Opponent: Contact | Judge: Email
Email:

delgado.gabs@gmail.com

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 2 | Opponent: Juan Diego CC | Judge: Mary Gregg
Aff transforms apocalypse into a manageable crisis which de-politicizes resistance and posits the state as the locus point of salvation
Swyngedouw, Professor Geography at University of Manchester, ’13 (Erik, “Apocalypse Now! Fear and Doomsday Pleasures” Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol 24 No 1, p 9-18, TandF Online)
Despite significant differences, both catastrophic narratives share an uncanny similarity, particularly if viewed
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a better socio-climatic world, is expressed (see Swyngedouw 2010b).
This permanent state of emergency transforms the state into an apparatus of death—creates a state of exception.
Davis ’12 – contributed essays to race and class, contributor to Confronting Capitalism: Dispatches from a Global Movement (James, At War with the Future: Catastrophism and the Right, “Catastrophism: The Apocalyptic Politics of Collapse and Rebirth”, PM Press, p. 100)
The catastrophist right frequently opens political terrain on the far right that the state can
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divided political landscape. Which, of course, is the point.77
Vote neg to reject the aff’s prism of apocalypse—only refusal of hyperbole opens up a space for pragmatic modes of thinking to emerge
Reject the aff because of it’s apocalytptic framing--
Gilles and Gross ‘12 (Mel, highly successful web author, and Mathew, director of internet communications for Howard Dean’s presidential campaign, highly regarded media strategist, “The Last Myth: What the Rise of Apocalyptic Thinking Tells Us About America”, Prometheus, p. 202)
Addressing the challenges of a growing global population in a period of declining resource availability
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future is still ours—but the future is not what it was.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 2 | Opponent: Juan Diego CC | Judge: Mary Gregg
The United States federal government should amend Title 22 of US Code (22 U.S.C. 6065) so that a transition government in Cuba is defined as a government that is taking appropriate steps to restitute and/or compensate United States citizens for property taken by the Cuban government, as outlined in the following addendum. The United States federal government should offer to negotiate a Bilateral Investment Treaty with Cuba that includes a Step-Down Restitution Policy.
Setting up a Bilateral Investment Treaty as a mechanism for compensation helps Cuba meet the only condition that is keeping the embargo in place
Mowry, Senior Counsel Xerox Corporation, ’99 (David, “Lifting the Embargo against Cuba Using Vietnam as a Model: A Policy Paper for Modernity” Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 25 Brooklyn J. Int'l L. 229, lexis)
The obstacles that prevent a President from lifting the embargo against Cuba arbitrarily would appear
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S. Government would not be liable for any losses.   *262
Step-Down Restitution Policy is the best mechanism – flexibility in payment ensures appropriate and quick redress and means Cuba says yes
Espino, JD Candidate Nova Southeastern University Shepard Broad Law Center, ‘8 (Daniel- President and Chairman of the Board of Puente de Jovenes Profesionales Cubanos  and President of the Hispanic Law Students Association, Spring, “Step-Down Restitution: A Proposal For An Equitable Resolution To Confiscated Cuban Property” Nova Law Review, 32 Nova L. Rev. 423, lexis)
 *451  V. IMPLEMENTATION The Step-Down Restitution Policy should be
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justice for Cuba's transgressions by allowing them to receive individualistic and equitable remediation.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 2 | Opponent: Juan Diego CC | Judge: Mary Gregg
CIR will pass soon – Obama is working with moderate GOP
Fox 10/27
“Immigration reform battle brews on Capitol Hill” Oct 27, 2013
http://www.myfoxphoenix.com/story/23798896/2013/10/26/immigration-reform-battles-brewing-on-capitol-hill
Immigration reform could be the next big battle on Capitol Hill. ¶ President Obama
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the year and the House Republican leadership doesn't have any votes scheduled yet.
Counterplan avoids backlash from the Cuba lobby – their main agenda is regaining expropriated property
Harrison, JD Candidate University of Houston, ‘3 (D’Anna, Fall, “Deportable Cubans in Limbo: An Issue of Immigration, Foreign Policy, or Both?” Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 18 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 179, lexis)
VII. WHAT'S REALLY BEHIND THE CUBAN EMBARGO? There is no way to avoid
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do this is to take a tough stand against Cuba through sanctions.  n160
Most recent nonpartisan report proves CIR generates substantial GDP growth and reduces deficit
US News 10/29
“Immigration Reform Boosts Economic Recovery: Immigration reform could reduce the federal deficit by $1.2 trillion” October 29, 2013
http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/10/29/immigration-reform-boosts-economic-recovery
As a comprehensive immigration reform bill hangs in the balance on Capitol Hill, a
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found that residential housing construction would increase by $69 billion a year.
Economic collapse leads to nuclear war
Friedberg and Schoenfeld 8  
Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html
Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world's financial architecture
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of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Walter Payton College BJ | Judge: Emily Parker
A transition toward an economic democracy is underway--economic pressure and democratic opposition are compelling the regime to implement cooperative system
Miami Herald 8/1
“Cuba’s economic reforms debated at Miami conference” 08.01.13http:www.miamiherald.com/2013/08/01/3537519/cubas-economic-reforms-debated.html#storylink=cpy
• Quotes experts
That was the quandary under discussion Thursday as economists, political scientists, business executives
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it could lead to a significant degree of “economy democracy for Cuba.”

Cuban reforms are uniquely suited to provide a global model for economic democracy
Harrington 2013
Keith Harrington is a board director with the New Economics Institute, an economics graduate student at the New School for Social Research and the former Maryland/DC Field Director for the Chesapeake Climate Action Network. He is also the founder of the social business Shoestring “New Cuba: Beachhead for Economic Democracy Beyond Capitalism” 17 January 2013
Videos for Nonprofits and a contributor to Grist, Truthout and Alternet. Truthout,
http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/13918-the-new-cuba-a-beachhead-for-economic-democracy-we-should-support
The year 2012 may have been the United Nation's International Year of Cooperatives, but
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World, all of which specialize in helping worker cooperatives grow and thrive.

Economic democracy key to survival
Turnbull 2013
Dr Shann Turnbull has over 100 of his academic papers posted with over 250,000 scholars in the Social Science Research Network web pages at http://ssrn.com/author=26239. He is the highest ranked Australian scholar measured by the number of papers downloaded and is ranked in the top one percent internationally. He was guest faculty for a Special Interest Group in Urban Settlements at MIT in 1987. His Australian Parliamentary Papers 138/1977 and 435/1978 on Economic Development of Aboriginal Communities in the Northern Territory introduced a new system of economic analysis and a new framework for social analysis that was later developed into his PhD Thesis. He created and taught a Corporate Governance elective for the Macquarie University MBA program in 2003/4.  In 2007 he taught graduate students at the University of NSW in the School of Organisation and Management and at the University of Sydney in 2008 in the School of Government and International Relations. He is Fellow of the International Institute for Corporate Governance and Accountability, George Washington University, Law School and is on the editorial advisory boards of academic journals and acts a referee.
 “Sustaining Society with Economic Democracy” International Institute for Self-Governance; Sustainable Money Working Group  January 20, 2013
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2220072
Economic democracy provides an efficient way for sustaining both humanity and the environment. Besides
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control is also democratized with network governance to avoid disconnections and social alienation.¶

Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Eagle CR | Judge: Clara Purk
A – Interpretation:
Topical affirmatives must affirm the resolution through instrumental defense of action by the United States Federal Government. This can come as a result of _, but it must be a definitive example of the resolution.
B – Definitions
Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary 2000 (Dictionary.com)
Federal government is the central government in Washington DC
Encarta Online 2005,
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500781_6/United_States_(Government).html#howtocite
Resolved implies a policy
Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm
Its means belonging to
Cambridge Dictionary, no date ( “Its”, http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/its)

5 net-benefits to our interpretation –
Decision-making –
The primacy purpose of debate is to increase our skills as decision-makers – we make decisions every day that affect the quality our own lives and the lives of those around us
Steinberg, Lecturer Communication Studies U Miami, and Freeley, Attorney, ‘8 (David and Austin, “Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making” p 45)
After several days of intense debate, first the United States House of Representatives and
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customer for our product, or a vote for our favored political candidate.
Specifically, through discussing paths of government action, debate teaches us to be better organizational decision makers. Learning about the uniquely different considerations of organizations is necessary to affecting change in a world overwhelmingly dominated by institutions.
Algoso 2011 – Masters in Public Administration (May 31, Dave, “Why I got an MPA: Because organizations matter” http://findwhatworks.wordpress.com/2011/05/31/why-i-got-an-mpa-because-organizations-matter/)
 Because organizations matter. Forget the stories of heroic individuals written in your middle
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right program for you and use your time well, can do both.
Predictability –
Predictability is the internal link to solving the aff – debate has the ability to change people’s attitudes BECAUSE it forces pre-round internal deliberation on a focused topic of debate
Goodin and Niemeyer, Australian National University, ‘3 (Robert and Simon, “When Does Deliberation Begin? Internal Reflection versus Public Discussion in Deliberative Democracy” Political Studies, Vol 50, p 627-649, WileyInterscience)
What happened in this particular case, as in any particular case, was in
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least one possible way of doing that for each of those key features.
Education –
Scholarly research must be tied to pragmatic public policy – their academic theory framework makes policymaking moot
Walt, Professor IR Harvard, ’12 (Stephen, September 18 “Theory and Policy in International Relations: Some Personal Reflections” Yale Journal of International Affairs, Vol 7 Issue 2, http://yalejournal.org/2012/09/theory-and-policy-in-international-relations-some-personal-reflections-by-stephen-m-walt/)
I. INTRODUCTION  Most social scientists would like to think that their work helps solve
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why should universities continue to allocate scarce resources to our departments? ? Y   
Policy as a starting point is especially important in the context of racial politics
Themba-Nixon 2K – Makani Themba-Nixon, “Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing,” Colorlines. Oakland: Jul 31, 2000. Vol. 3, Iss. 2; pg. 12
The flourish and passion with which she made the distinction said everything. Policy is
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arsenal, but it is a tool we simply can't afford to ignore.
Groupthink –
They have decided to write their own resolution instead of affirming the one we already have – even if the resolution is incorrect having a devil’s advocate for deliberation is crucial to critical thinking skills and avoiding groupthink
Mercier, Professor Politics UPenn, and Landemore, Professor PolSci Yale, ’11 (Hugo and Helene, “Reasoning is for arguing: Understanding the successes and failures of deliberation” Political Psychology, http://sites.google.com/site/hugomercier/publications)
Reasoning can function outside of its normal conditions when it is used purely internally.
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(e.g. Schweiger, Sandberg, and Ragan, 1986).

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brooklyn Technical CN | Judge: Bryant Yang
A – UNSPOKEN ASSUMPTIONS OF MASCULINITY GENERATE VIOLENCE AND FORECLOSE RESISTANCE
HILL 2002 – REVERAND AND JD SOUTHERN METHODIST U AND OKLAHOMA CITY U
RESTATING INTERNATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE, 27 OKLA CITY U.L. REV 297
 (1) Challenging Masculine Normative Structures
Masculine normative structures in society are so deeply entrenched that it is not always clear
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? witness to the power of Christ to make all things new. 44

B – GENDERED PRONOUNS ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO THE EXCLUSIONS OF PATRIARCHY
HILL 2002 – REVERAND AND JD SOUTHERN METHODIST U AND OKLAHOMA CITY U
RESTATING INTERNATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE, 27 OKLA CITY U.L. REV 297
People in the United States have increasingly identified the role of gendered pronouns in perpetuating
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men and men's lives as the standard for defining what is normal. 45
 

C – THE IMPACT OUTWEIGHS
COLLINS AND GLOVER 2002 – PROF’S SOCIOLOGY AND GLOBAL STUDIES ST. LAWRENCE U
COLLATERAL LANGUAGE, PAGE 6-7
The Real Effects of Language
As any university student knows, theories about the “social con¬struction” and social
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less likely to avert our mental gaze from the physical effects of violence.

D – APOLOGY IS IRRELEVENT – REJECTION OF THEIR PATRIARCHAL EPISTEMOLOGICAL LENS IS KEY – EXTEND PETERSON AND RUNYAN.
HILL 2002 – REVERAND AND JD SOUTHERN METHODIST U AND OKLAHOMA CITY U
RESTATING INTERNATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE, 27 OKLA CITY U.L. REV 297
Challenging the correctness of male-centered societies by identifying patriarchal structures as harmful will
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world so described is not "the best of all possible worlds." 46

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Capitol Debate HP | Judge: Abla Belhachmi
Their framework for debate is mired in totalitarian ideology—the privileging of “oppressed” voices over and against that of “oppressors” buys into a dangerously homogenizing world view which authorizes genocidal violence against all world views that are not sufficiently “liberatory.”
Gur-Ze’ev 98 (Ilan, Education—Haifa University, 1998  “Toward a Non-Repressive Critical Pedagogy,” http://construct.haifa.ac.il/~ilangz/Critpe39.html)
Freire’s Critical Pedagogy did not grow out of mere principles but out of his direct
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American colleges so as to be successful in the present order of things.
You are Freire’s critical pedagogy
Cameron, Professor Justice Studies at Pittsburg State University, ‘2 (Kathleen, Spring “A model of dialogue and conscientization: A pedagogical paradigm for justice” Journal of Criminal Justice Education, Vol 13 No 1, p 1-23, TandFOnline)
In attempting to create an approach to justice education that can lead to greater control
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Into Subjects, the Oppressed into the Liberated (Taylor 1993: 58).
Vote to negate their strategically oriented praxis.  Your ballot can be used as form of counter-education which is able to challenge their dangerous utopianism while mounting a more effective challenge to dominant knowledge production regimes precisely because it refuses to ascribe normative standards for what makes a strategy “emancipatory.”
Gur-Ze’ev 98 (Ilan, Education—Haifa University, 1998 “Toward a Non-Repressive Critical Pedagogy,” http://construct.haifa.ac.il/~ilangz/Critpe39.html)
Critical Theory is committed to universal emancipation, in the sense I have presented,
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only non-repressive form of hope possible in such an educational project.

Tournament: Crestian | Round: 5 | Opponent: JP Taravella AV | Judge: Libby Mandarino
Link – the aff has taken the role of the Western rescuer – their contempt for human rights abuses easily remedied by Western intervention creates voyeuristic egoism that undermines true solidarity with the oppressed
Douzinas, Professor Law at University of London, ‘7 (Costas, “Human Rights and Empire: The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism” p. 70, gender mod)
In this moral universe, the claim that there is a single essence to humanity
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the way that images of suffering work on our emotional and psychological life.
Impact – even benign human rights projects like the aff give legitimacy to imperial projects like Rumsfeld’s Iraq invasion – rejecting the centrality of human rights discourse is the only way to prevent the aff’s framing from being coopted for liberal imperialism
Brown, Professor PolSci at UC Berkeley, ‘4 (Wendy, “‘The Most We Can Hope For…’ Human Rights and the Politics of Fatalism” South Atlantic Quarterly, Vol 103 No 2/3, p 451-463, ProjectMuse)
We return to the question with which we began: If human rights activism is
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centrality of human rights discourse might render those other political possibilities more faint.
Instead of true solidarity, the affs rights-based approach creates a fantasy of unending human rights to which all are entitled – this causes more rights violations and oppression against those deemed obstacles to recognition
Douzinas, Professor Law at University of London, ‘7 (Costas, “Human Rights and Empire: The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism” p. 49)
The discourse of universal human rights thus presents a fantasy scenario in which society and
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the more rights we have the more insecure and unfree we feel.
Alternative – reject the aff’s rights-based justification for the plan – the plan’s compulsive actomania is like giving aspirin to the dying – the only ethical act is to do nothing to come to terms with our own powerlessness rather than live under the illusion our assistance creates solidarity with the oppressed
Rahnema, Professor American University in Paris, ’97 (Majid, “Towards Post-Development: Searching for Signposts, a New Language and New Paradigms” The Post-Development Reader)
A first condition for such a search is to look at things as they are
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all its difference and uniqueness, to start its journey into the unknown.

Tournament: Crestian | Round: 5 | Opponent: JP Taravella AV | Judge: Libby Mandarino
Lifting the embargo has the Supreme Court rule that compensation for expropriated property is no longer required – this precedent sets a poor model for I-law globally
Choharis, Scholar George Washington University Law School, ‘6 (Peter Charles, November, “U.S. Courts and the International Law of Expropriation: Toward a New Model for Breach of Contract” Southern California Law Review, 80 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1, lexis)
B. U.S. Courts' Interpretation of International Law This Article iaddresses whether
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although some courts do not always understand how rapidly international law evolves. n29
The ICJ has determined US compensation claims to be necessary under international law – the plan undercuts their credibility by having the US ignore that ruling
Smagula, Associate with Totti, Rodriguez Diaz and Fuentes, ’95 (John, Fall, “Redirecting Focus: Justifying the U.S. Embargo Against Cuba and Resolving the Stalemate” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 21 N.C.J. Int'l L. and Com. Reg. 66, lexis)
A. Cuba's Violation of International Law Cuba has violated international law by taking U
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law by not compensating former U.S. owners of Cuban property.
ICJ has ruled US compensation claims to be legitimate and enforceable
Smagula, Associate with Totti, Rodriguez Diaz and Fuentes, ’95 (John, Fall, “Redirecting Focus: Justifying the U.S. Embargo Against Cuba and Resolving the Stalemate” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 21 N.C.J. Int'l L. and Com. Reg. 66, lexis)
A. Cuba's Violation of International Law Cuba has violated international law by taking U
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law by not compensating former U.S. owners of Cuban property.
Aff slaps the ICJ in the face – has the US determine compensation not needed which kills overall credibility
Choharis, Scholar George Washington University Law School, ‘6 (Peter Charles, November, “U.S. Courts and the International Law of Expropriation: Toward a New Model for Breach of Contract” Southern California Law Review, 80 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1, lexis)
B. U.S. Courts' Interpretation of International Law This Article addresses whether
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law, U.S. courts are practiced in ascertaining international law,
Solves global conflict
Meyer, Former Special Assistant the U.S. Attorney General, ‘3 (Howard, May 26, “Isn't It Time We Rejoin the World Court? (We Left in 1986)” http://hnn.us/articles/1465.html)
George W. Bush drew fire from law and order advocates when in 2002 he
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stronger institutions of international justice would make the United States a safer place.
n28 although some courts do not always understand how rapidly international law evolves. n29

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brooklyn Technical CN | Judge: Bryant Yang
Their consumerization of Assata Shakur is a commodified and perverse form of hero-worship – Assata Shakur is valorized only as a mother who watches over her revolutionary children that weren’t alive during the height of her activism – this reinforces racial stereotypes and ensures the revolution rests upon a spectacle
Johnson, PhD Candidate Ohio State University, ‘8 (Lakesia, “The Iconography of The Black Female Revolutionary And New Narratives Of Justice” PhD Dissertation)
Both of these quotes not only point to the importance of Davis as a radical
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the inherent inferiority of Black men and the emasculating nature of Black women.
The idolization of Assata Shakur as a black female revolutionary is counterproductive for the fight against anti-blackness – it causes us to ignore the stories of rank-and-file organizers that are the true success story of the revolution and reinscribes the idea of a culture founded on elitism and idolatry
James, Professor Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado Boulder, ’99 (Joy, “Black Revolutionary Icons and 'Neoslave' Narratives” Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture, Vol 5 No 2, p 135-159, TandFOnline)
Icons, Gender Politics and `Panther Women’ Influential male narratives have helped to masculinise
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spotlight. (Davis also had the international platform of the Communist Party.)
The 1AC speaks about Assata but not a lot about what Assata wanted to do – rather than affirm the spirit of Assata Shakur, we affirm a leaderless spirit that focuses our energy not on Assata, but on her goal, fighting the prison-industrial complex – this is not mutually exclusive with the aff’s affirmation of Assata’s spirit, but it does beg the question of why their affirmation of Assata Shakur is the best political and scholastic engagement for revolutionary action – Assata would not affirm the 1AC’s hero-worship obsessed with her life, she wanted to start with the prison complex instead
James, Professor Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado Boulder, ’99 (Joy, “Black Revolutionary Icons and 'Neoslave' Narratives” Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture, Vol 5 No 2, p 135-159, TandFOnline)
During the NBC special,
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ancestors to be part of the struggle to ensure that they have one.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dexter MS | Judge: Evan McCarty
Deal is close Obama’s efforts have kept negotiations on track to succeed
--AT “New Sanctions Derail” – Deal any minute and that solves new sanctions introduction, builds trust
AFP 11/23
“Major powers try again on Iran deal on nuclear program and sanctions”
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/iran-nuclear-talks-hinge-on-rights/story-e6frg6so-1226766392907#sthash.TBvKf1H5.dpuf
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/iran-nuclear-talks-hinge-on-rights/story-e6frg6so-1226766392907
US Secretary of State John Kerry and his counterparts from other world powers were trying
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new sanctions legislation in order to give the negotiations a chance to succeed.
Deal key to regional stability --- multiple scenarios
Saless 9-10 (Shahir Shahid,- political analyst and journalist, writing primarily about Iran's domestic and foreign affairs  for the Asia Times and IranAmerica “A Chance at Last”)
Iran’s economy is in crisis. Inflation is skyrocketing, unemployment—especially among the
AND
else to lose, it could take an irrational and potentially dangerous path.  
Counterplan avoids backlash from the Cuba lobby – their main agenda is regaining expropriated property
Harrison, JD Candidate University of Houston, ‘3 (D’Anna, Fall, “Deportable Cubans in Limbo: An Issue of Immigration, Foreign Policy, or Both?” Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 18 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 179, lexis)
VII. WHAT'S REALLY BEHIND THE CUBAN EMBARGO? There is no way to avoid
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do this is to take a tough stand against Cuba through sanctions.  n160

Global nuclear war
Primakov ’09 - Doctor of Economics, Professor, executive member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Head of the Center for Situational Analysis at the Russian Academy of Sciences
Yevgeny Primakov is President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation; Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences; member of the Editorial Board of Russia in Global Affairs. The Fundamental Conflict: The Middle East Problem in the Context of International Relations. Russia in Global Affairs Vol 7 No 3. 2009. http://kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/105702/ichaptersection_singledocument/71a40dca-23cb-411d-9c5d-a7ce495e2522/en/12.pdf
The Middle East conflict is unparalleled in terms of its potential for spreading globally.
AND
seems that President Obama’s position does not completely rule out such a possibility.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: College Prep School JH | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin
First neoliberalism – removing Cuba from the terror list simply allows the US to get a foot in the door – we’ll increase ties with Cuba
The Boston Globe, 2013 (2/19/2013, “Cuba’s reforms pave way for new US policy, too”, The Boston Globe, http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/editorials/2013/02/09/cuba-reform-create-opportunity-drag-policy-into-century/xER2NTTXGsxdLej0miHwFM/story.html)
The Cuban-American population, which has historically opposed any loosening of US policy
AND
both. This would include boosts to US farm companies while helping Cubans.
That improves relations with Latin America as a whole – the aff makes the US appear benign
Thale and Boggs, 2013, Washington’s Office on Latin America’s Program director and Officer for Cuba
(Geoff and Clay, 3/5/2013, “Cuba and the Terrorist List”, Washington Office on Latin America)
http://www.wola.org/commentary/cuba_and_the_terrorist_list
On February 21, the Boston Globe reported that senior State Department officials were considering
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retire in 2018, effectively putting an end date on the Castro era.
American engagement in Latin America threatens progressive political action and re-entrenches neoliberalism
Renique Associate Professor in the Department of History at the City College of the City University of New York 10-- ( Gerardo, “Latin America today: The revolt against neoliberalism”, Socialism and Democracy, 19:3, 9/20/10, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08854300500284561#.UcnZQvnVCSo)//AS
In opposition to this agenda, the new subaltern movements offer a politics of hope
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to defeat other leftwing and popular movements and to largely isolate the Cuban regime

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oakwood FP | Judge: Justin Skarb
Energy reform will pass now
Ogier 10-11
(Thierry, “Mexico to approve energy reform by year-end,” Emerging Markets, http://www.emergingmarkets.org/Article/3266160/Economics-and-Policy/Mexico-to-approve-energy-reform-by-year-end.html)
A major push towards implementing an ambitious reform agenda will enable the Mexican economy to
AND
Angel Gurria, secretary general of the OECD and former Mexican finance minister.
The plan incites nationalist backlash
Starr 12 - Director, U.S.-Mexico Network Associate Professor (NTT) University Fellow, Center on Public Diplomacy University of Southern California
(Pamela, “U.S.-Mexico Relations and Mexican Domestic Politics,” Oxford Handbook of Mexican Politics, p. 654)
The final implication of Mexican nationalism for U.S.-Mexico relations is the
AND
being too willing to accept support and guidance from north of the border.
Nationalist backlash tanks energy reforms
---this card also supports the link: nationalists backlash if they perceive new policies as being in US interests
Wilkinson 8-13 – LA Times Analyst
(Tracy, “Mexico's officials wage PR battle to sell energy reform plan,” http://articles.latimes.com/2013/aug/13/world/la-fg-mexico-pemex-pr-20130814)
On Tuesday, the day after President Enrique Peña Nieto unveiled a broad package of
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Peña Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party is selling the country out to foreign interests.
Mexican reforms solve energy price shocks
Kennedy 8-14
(Charles, “OPEC Set to Suffer at the Hands of Mexico’s Energy Market Reform,” http://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/OPEC-Set-to-Suffer-at-the-Hands-of-Mexicos-Energy-Market-Reform.html)
The recent reforms that President Enrique Peña Nieto plans to introduce to Mexico’s energy sector
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increased production from Mexico would only further reduce OPEC’s power in the market.
Great power war
Qasem 7 - Pompeu University politics doctoral candidate
 “The Coming Warfare of Oil Shortage” http://www.opednews.com/articles/opedne_islam_ya_070709_the_coming_warfare_o.htm
Recognizing the strategic value of oil for their national interests, superpowers will not hesitate
AND
before reaching the zenith of a disaster which is already in the making.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bingham LW | Judge: Caroline Nielson
Alternative – The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement with Mexico by ending ports of entry along the border and instead opening the border
The aff reads a 1AC about why current conceptions of the border problematize our relationship to Mexico and cause injustice and then they read a plan to make these securitized border crossing more efficient – this focus on improving the infrastructure of the very gates they criticize diverts attention from the true problem by concerning itself with efficiency
Ricen 10 - Ph.D., Political Economy and Government, 1988, Harvard University, M.P.A., 1983, Harvard University, B.A. cum laude, Biology, 1975, Pomona College
Thomas, Treading Softly: Paths to Ecological Order, pg. 45-47
If there was ever a single statement that crystallizes the modern approach to modern problems
AND
of the kind is happening. As efficiencies increase, so does consumption.
This obsession with increasing the efficiency of border crossings results in extinction
Simons 10
(Petrus, Former Trader and Economist, PhD in Philosophy, Accelerate or Slow Down, Stimulus: The New Zealand Journal of Christian Thought and Practice, Vol. 18 (2010): 32-25)
Paul Virilio’s metaphor of a car which travels at high speed is very apt.
AND
century wears on, we will experience ever more painfully that speed kills.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Green Valley DS | Judge: Zachary Harbauer
Colonies create a market for space development
Almond 2009.  Paul, Almond. November 1, 2009.  Launching anything is good. www.paul-almond.com/LaunchingAnythingIsGood.doc
In the future, when space has been developed there could be a large market
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address the issue of the size of the market for all this technology.

That leads to SSP
Brown 9 – Masters in Science
Trevor, MSc from Nanyang Technological University, 2009, “SSP: a spherical architecture,” The Space Review, http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1383/1
As SSP advocates are painfully aware, the high expense of launching numerous payloads into
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SSP can become commercially viable and competitively brought to energy markets en masse.

Increased space launches risks massive ozone destruction
UCSUSA 2 (Union of Concerned Scientists, 10-24, http://www.ucsusa.org/global_environment /archive/page.cfm?pageID=551, 6-25-11, AH)
The solid rocket strap-on motors used in the most powerful space launch systems
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more stratospherically benign rocket propulsion systems for both US and foreign launch systems.

Ozone destruction causes extinction
Goodwin et al 1 (Anna, University of Bristol, http://www.priweb.org/ed/ICTHOL/ICTHOLrp /82rp.htm, 6-25-11, AH)
The Permian-Triassic boundary extinction was the largest extinction the world has ever experienced
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of the ozone layer, these problems could cause widespread destruction of life.

Tournament: Crestian | Round: 3 | Opponent: Berkeley Prep MS | Judge: Robert Holmes
The executive branch should stop enforcing travel restrictions between the United States and Cuba. The executive branch should not disclose the change in policy.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cooper MO | Judge: Danny Abbas
The United States federal government should authorize the Secretary of Interior to take actions to implement the Agreement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States Concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon as per S. 812 of the 113th Congress.
The plan and the counterplan are distinct – the plan passes the “Outer Continental Shelf Transboundary Hydrocarbon Agreement” which is the current House bill – the counterplan refers to the version in the Senate which doesn’t include an exemption to Dodd-Frank provisions – it solves
Gary, Senior Policy Manager for Extractive Industries at Oxfam America, 5-9-’13 (Ian, “A back door attack on oil payment transparency” http://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/2013/05/09/a-back-door-attack-on-oil-payment-transparency/)
Tellingly, the Senate Energy Committee has introduced a bi-partisan bill, S
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and reducing corruption, particularly in the oil, gas and mineral sectors.”

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bingham LW | Judge: Caroline Nielson
California, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico should substantially increase United States economic engagement with Mexico by expanding and improving the infrastructure at ports of entry along the border
States can solve POEs
Fox News 10(FoxNews.com http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/03/31/states-boost-border-security-pleas-washington-unmet/ 3/31/2010 “States Boost Border Security as Pleas to Washington Go Unmet”)
Border states are lookingto take matters into their own hands, boosting law enforcement to
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threats from violent cartels on both sides of the border," he said.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: College Prep School JH | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin
The United States federal government should include every state in the State Department list of state sponsors of terrorism. The United States federal government should cease and prohibit projects of regime change, economic sanctions, military base expansion, military occupation, military assistance for strategic partners, isolation of disapproved political movements, intervention on the basis of national security grounds, and counterterrorism operation to states on the State Department list of state sponsors of terrorism.
Counterplan solves – the aff takes Cuba off the list of state sponsors of terrorism, the counterplan adds every country to the list of state sponsors of terrorism but says being on the list of state sponsors of terrorism prevents the US from being able to militarily or coercively intervene in that country’s affairs. Your author concludes the only reason the list is problematic is it allows neoconservative approaches towards those countries, but we solve that better
Jackson, Professor in International Politics at Aberystwyth University, 2007 Richard, “Critical reflection on counter-sanctuary discourse”,  In: M. Innes, ed. Denial of sanctuary: understanding terrorist safe havens, p. 30-33
A related problem for the "terrorist sanctuaries" discourse is that it has always
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approaches to terrorism and the ongoing problem of civilian-directed state terror.

Voting aff glorifies us as the heroes who confront the aesthetics of the war on terror – this fails to acknowledge our own complicity in the system which gave rise to exclusionary sovereignty in the first place
Jenny Edkins, International Politics—University of Wales, 2003. (Trauma and the Memory of Politics, p. 172-4)
It is not a remembering of history, the narrative that we tell ourselves about
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in a neutral position, we are within, not outside the trauma.
Even the symbolic gesture of identifying every nation as a supporter of terrorism encircles the trauma of exclusion and imperialism without neutralizing it as a past, depoliticized event – the counterplan makes criticism of hegemonic conceptions of identity relevant to discursive practice and renders visible its fragility
Jenny Edkins, Senior Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, Postructuralism and International Relations: Bringing the Political Back In, 1999, p. 141-2
This recalls the discussion in Chapter 4 of Derrida's notion of deconstruction as a double
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repeatedly mark the trauma and ensure that we are not lulled into forgetfulness.

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lowell VB | Judge: Richard Mancusa
Environment treaties are NOT economic engagement
Rose 8 (Andrew K, professor @ Haas School of Business Administration @ University of California, Berkeley, Mark M. Spiegel, researcher @ Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, “Non-Economic Engagement and International Exchange: The Case of Environmental Treaties,” NBER Working Paper No. 13988, May 2008, http://www.nber.org/papers/w13988)

We examine the role of non-economic partnerships in promoting international economic exchange.
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. Our results support the notion that international environmental cooperation facilitates economic exchange.

Violation – the aff is an environment treaty – it doesn’t actually lead to EE it offers for the US to sign an agreement

That’s a voter for fairness and education –

1. Limits – definition of engagement is too broad, must be limited to things that are primarily economic – otherwise negs have to research whole other literature bases
   2. Ground – core generics rely on engagement being economic – environmental engagement changes links to politics and relations disads

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sequoyah HO | Judge: Megan West
Economic engagement is a subset of conditional engagement and implies a tit-for-tat exchange
Shinn 96 James Shinn, C.V. Starr Senior Fellow for Asia at the CFR in New York City and director of the council’s multi-year Asia Project, worked on economic affairs in the East Asia Bureau of the US Dept of State, “Weaving the Net: Conditional Engagement with China,” pp. 9 and 11, google books
In sum, conditional engagement consists of a set of objectives, a strategy for attaining those objectives, and tactics (specific policies) for implementing that strategy.
The objectives of conditional engagement are the ten principles, which were selected to preserve American vital interests in Asia while accommodating China’s emergence as a major power.
The overall strategy of conditional engagement follows two parallel lines: economic engagement, to promote the integration of China into the global trading and financial systems; and security engagement, to encourage compliance with the ten principles by diplomatic and military means when economic incentives do not suffice, in order to hedge against the risk of the emergence of a belligerent China.
The tactics of economic engagement should promote China’s economic integration through negotiations on trade liberalization, institution building, and educational exchanges. While a carrots-and-sticks approach may be appropriate within the economic arena, the use of trade sanction to achieve short-term political goals is discouraged.
The tactics of security engagement should reduce the risks posed by China’s rapid military expansion, its lack of transparency, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and transnational problems such as crime and illegal migration, by engaging in arms control negotiations, multilateral efforts, and a loosely-structured defensive military arrangement in Asia.8
To footnotes
8. Conditional engagement’s recommended tactics of tit-for-tat responses are equivalent
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105, no. 3 (1990), pp. 383-88).
Vote negative
a) Limits – there’s a tons of unilateral measures that the US could take – our interpretation limits the number of possible carrots
b) Ground – requiring the affirmative to use a predictable mechanism like a quid pro quo is essential for disad links, critiques of attaching strings, “say no” and backlash arguments which are a crucial part of the engagement debate

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Green Valley DS | Judge: Zachary Harbauer
“Government” is all three branches
Black’s Law 90 (Dictionary, p. 695)
“Government In the United States, government consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches in addition to administrative agencies.  In a broader sense, includes the federal government and all its agencies and bureaus, state and county governments, and city and township governments.”

Tournament: Notre Dame | Round: 2 | Opponent: Juan Diego CC | Judge: Mary Gregg
A. Interpretation – Removing sanctions is a form of appeasement
Stern 6 (Martin, University of Maryland Graduate, Debunking detente, 11/27/06, http://www.diamondbackonline.com/article_56223e79-7009-56a3-8afe-5d08bfff6e08.html)

Appeasement is defined as "granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace." Giving Iran
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without changing the undemocratic practices of the enemy. If this isn't appeasement, I don't know how better to define the word.
B. Violation – they remove restrictions – that’s appeasement which is distinct
Resnick 1 (Evan, Assistant Professor and coordinator of the United States Programme at RSIS, “Defining Engagement,” Journal of International Affairs, 0022197X, Spring2001, Vol. 54, Issue 2, http://web.ebscohost.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu/ehost/detail?sid=1b56e6b4-ade2-4052-9114-7d107fdbd01940sessionmgr12andvid=2andhid=24andbdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ3d3d#db=mthandAN=4437301)
Thus, a rigid conceptual distinction can be drawn between engagement and appeasement. Whereas
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or in exchange for certain concessions on the part of the target state.

Structural linkages the aff has to create this bc that durable interdependence should be guaranteed source of offense/ground for the negative

C. Voting issue

1. Limits – near infinite amount of restrictions the aff can remove in each topic country – explodes neg research burden
   2. Ground – we lose all spending links and internal relations disads – there’s no immediate engagement to get ground off of

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oakwood FP | Judge: Justin Skarb
The United States Federal Government should negotiate and assist in funding of thorium nuclear energy with the government of Mexico.  After we fund is when we make transition.
Thorium nuclear reactors solve warming
Halper 6/24- written for TIME, Fortune, Financial Times, the UK's Independent on Sunday, Forbes, New York Times, Wired, Variety and The Guardian. He is based in Bristol, U.K. (Mark, “Senatorial candidate turns up thorium nuclear heat for U.S. economy,” smartplanet, 6/24/13, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/bulletin/senatorial-candidate-turns-up-thorium-nuclear-heat-for-us-economy/22512)//IB

CHICAGO - Small nuclear reactors based on entirely different designs from today’s nuclear technology could
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industry, big in Sestak’s home state, could be among the users. 

Nuclear energy like thorium solves both warming and energy poverty.
Amano 12 (Yukiya, current Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, "CLIMATE CHANGE AND NUCLEAR POWER 2012”, International Atomic Energy Agency, http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/Pess/assets/12-44581_ccnp2012_web.pdf)//MG
Nuclear power has the potential to ¶ continue to play a significant role in the
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especially important ¶ to deal effectively with any concerns about ¶ nuclear power.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cooper MO | Judge: Danny Abbas
Burmese reforms currently stabilizing the country – transparency in energy financing from Dodd-Frank key
Ito, Revenue Watch Institute, ’12 (Suzanne, August 30, “U.S. Leaders Seek Transparency for Investments in Myanmar” http://www.revenuewatch.org/news/blog/members-congress-seek-transparency-investments-myanmar)
Two members of Congress are asking the Obama administration to use its clout with international
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measures in Myanmar in order to continue the progress that has already begun.
The Transboundary Hydrocarbon Agreement exempts US oil companies from compliance with transparent disclosure requirements – that collapses transparency requirements globally
PWYP Coalition, 6-26-’13 (Publish What You Pay United State Coalition is comprised of One, Oxfam America, US Presbyterian Church, Global Witness, EarthRights International, EG Justice, Human Rights Watch, Global Financial Integrity, and the Project on Government Oversight, “Mexican NGOs tell US Congress: Support Transparency” http://www.revenuewatch.org/news/blog/mexican-ngos-tell-us-congress-support-transparency)
As the U.S. House of Representatives considers HR.1613, legislation
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regulations regarding the scope of Cardin-Lugar and the propriety of exemptions.
Burmese instability causes nuclear prolif - cascades throughout Asia causing instability
Kurlantzick, Fellow Southeast Asia CFR, ’11 (Joshua, September, “Myanmar: The Next Failed State?” Current History, EBSCOHost)
Nuclear worries A failing state in Myanmar could even lead to nuclear proliferation. Over
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, Washington and Beijing could boost humanitarian aid into the ethnic minority areas.
These wars escalate
Mead, Senior Fellow at CFR, ’10 (Walter Russell, November 9, “Obama in Asia” The American Interest, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2010/11/09/obama-in-asia/)
The decision to go to Asia is one that all thinking Americans can and should
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, and that reality is what President Obama’s trip is intended to address.
THA sets a global precedent against finance transparency
Alic, Staff Writer for Oil Price, 7-2-’13 (Jen, “Transparency Squabble Stalls US-Mexico Oil and Gas Deal” http://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/North-America/Transparency-Squabble-Stalls-US-Mexico-Oil-Gas-Deal.html)
Democrats are worried that it will reverse any progress made towards greater transparency and preventing
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countries, which could harm national interests, as well as shareholder interests.
Lack of transparency turns PEMEX reform
Lugar, Ranking Member Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, ’12 (Richard, December 21, “Oil, Mexico, and the Transboundary Agreement” Minority Staff Report Prepared for the Use of the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate)
The administration should encourage Mexican adoption of international revenue transparency norms. The Pena Nieto
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supporting company) to build capacity and confidence with civil society and industry.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: College Prep School JH | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin
Aff frees up resources to be used for the War on Terror and creates incentives for sanctions
Levy 11 – Lecturer and Doctoral Candidate at the Josef Korbel School of International Affairs at the University of Denver, received the Leonard Marks Essay Award of the American Academy of Diplomacy, masters degree from Columbia in International Affairs. (Arturo Lopez-Levy, “A Call for Cuba’s Removal from the List of State Sponsers of Terrorism”, Center for International policy/Latin American Working Group, 12/1/11, http://www.lawg.org/storage/documents/Cuba/lawg_cip_dec_2011.pdf)// EO
So, let me discuss the first issue, why including Cuba on the terrorist
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its demobilization, making this a non issue, the presence of members.
The DA is unique – War on Terror resources are being cutback now – only the aff reinscribes the spread of imperialism
Tourangbam 13 Monish Tourangbam, Eurasia Review, 6/29/13 http://www.eurasiareview.com/29062013-rethinking-us-counter-terrorism-policy-analysis-2/
Close to 12 years after the 9/11 attacks that led to the global
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risks involved and the negative repercussions it had for US-Pakistan relations.