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1AC
Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 1 | Opponent: NYCUDL CN | Judge: Joe Lenart 1 Advantage One – Mexico Post-NAFTA agricultural corrections will collapse the Mexican economy – US biofuel investment solves McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) Additionally, Mexican agricultural resources are scant in ¶ comparison to its North American counterparts AND to transport ethanol throughout both ¶ countries, and to points of export. Mexican collapse saps critical diplomatic capital Haddick 8 - University of Illinois, managing editor of the Small Wars Journal, was a U.S. Marine Corps officer, served in the 3rd and 23rd Marine Regiments, and deployed to Asia and Africa. He has advised the State Department, the National Intelligence Council, and U.S. Central Command (Robert, “Now that would change everything,” December 21, http://westhawk.blogspot.com/2008/12/now-that-would-change-everything.html) On November 25th, United States Joint Forces Command released to the public The Joint AND Asia. However, there would be no running from a Mexican collapse. That leads to Asian wars Lohman 13 – MA in Foreign Affairs @ UVA (Walter, “Honoring America’s Superpower Responsibilities,” http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/2013/06/honoring-americas-superpower-responsibilities) When you withdraw from the world, either by imposing trade barriers or drawing down AND they would have to do without the benefit of the American nuclear deterrent. These wars escalate Mead 10 (Mead, senior fellow @ the Council on Foreign Relations, 2010 Walter, American Interest, “Obama in Asia”, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2010/11/09/obama-in-asia/) The decision to go to Asia is one that all thinking Americans can and should AND , and that reality is what President Obama’s trip is intended to address. Independently – Mexican oil-dependent economy is unsustainable – PEMEX decline collapses US-Mexico relations Miller and DeLeon 9 - *Stephanie, consultant on U.S.-Latin America relations and was formerly the Research Associate for the Americas Project on the National Security Team. Born in Venezuela with family from Colombia, Miller earned her degree from Duke University in International Comparative Studies with a focus on Latin America. She currently lives in Bogotá, Colombia, Rudy, Senior Vice President of National Security and International Policy at American Progress (“Transcending the Rio Grande,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/04/pdf/mexico.pdf) Energy is a third area where the U.S. and Mexican economies are AND surrounding internal Mexican dynamics and account for them in shaping a strategic vision. A new biofuel alliance is key Morales 11 – PhD, Professor @ El Colegio de Mexico (Isidro, “The Energy Factor in Mexico-US Relations,” Baker Institute, http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-MoralesFactor-04292011.pdf) With the inception of NAFTA in 1994, and the emergence of a new security AND .S. will pursue their mutual interests while equally reaping the benefits. Specifically – export-import partnerships spill up into the broader relationship Donnelly 10 – Program Associate, Mexico Institute @ Wilson Center (Robert, “U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda) Discussant Johanna Mendelson Forman stressed the linkages connecting climate change, energy, and economic AND S. companies suffer from a lack of adequate export-import financing. Relations solve border terrorism and drug networks Storrs 6 (K. Larry Storrs, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of CRS, 1/18/2006 “Mexico’s Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States”, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33244_20060118.pdf)//JG Sharing a 2,000-mile border and extensive interconnections through the Gulf of AND , and border, terrorism,¶ health, environment, and energy issues. The impact is an attack on US soil McCaul 12 – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor (Michael, “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER,” UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)BB Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional AND on U.S. soil ¶ into a weapon of mass destruction. Nuclear war Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)BB But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a AND be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response. 2 Advantage two – Agriculture Mexican production transitions the US away from corn ethanol McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) Producing ethanol from sugar, for many reasons, is simply ¶ a better option AND global food markets,159 while contributing ¶ to the revitalization of farmland. This leads to sustainable framing – solves food-for-fuel tradeoffs McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) The problems discussed above, like any potential solutions, ¶ are all cyclical and AND food supplies, and easing pressure ¶ on U.S. farmlands. The impact is global food shocks Wise 12 - Policy Research Director, Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University (Timothy, “US corn ethanol fuels food crisis in developing countries,” http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/10/201210993632838545.html) Besides Egypt, North African countries saw particularly high ethanol-related losses: Algeria AND , so it has forced thousands of Ugandans deeper into poverty and hunger. A diversity of studies confirm corn biofuels are a key internal link to global food shocks Bryce 12 - senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, is the author, most recently, of Power Hungry: The Myths of “Green” Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future (Robert, “Democrats and Republicans Support Harmful Ethanol Subsidies for the Sake of Votes,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/05/democrats-and-republicans-support-harmful-ethanol-subsidies-for-the-sake-of-votes.html) At least 17 studies—done by organizations ranging from Purdue University to the World AND level and variability, and this has spilled over into other commodity markets.” Biofuel-induced shocks kills a billion people Runge and Senauer 7 – *Professor of Applied Economics @ U Minn, Professor of Applied Economics @ U Minn (C. Ford, Distinguished McKnight University Professor of Applied Economics and Law and Director of the Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy at the University of Minnesota; Benjamin, Professor of Applied Economics and Co-director of the Food Industry Center at the University of Minnesota, ‘How Biofuels could starve the poor,’ Foreign Affairs, May/June, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070501faessay86305/c-ford-runge-benjamin-senauer/how-biofuels-could-starve-the-poor.html) Biofuels may have even more devastating effects in the rest of the world, especially AND and many more will die from a multitude of hunger-related diseases. Food shocks escalate to all-out war Klare 12 - professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College (Michael, “The Hunger Wars in our Future,” http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-215_162-57489345/the-hunger-wars-in-our-future/?pageNum=1andtag=page) The Great Drought of 2012 has yet to come to an end, but we AND droughts, recurring food shortages, and billions of famished, desperate people. The impact is extinction Brown 9 – Founder of Worldwatch and EPI (Lester R, founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute “Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?” Scientific American, May) The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries AND states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself. 3 Advantage three – Competitiveness US-Mexico energy cooperation boosts regional competitiveness Wilson 11 – MA in International Affairs @ American U, Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, where he develops the Institute’s research and programming on regional economic integration and U.S.-Mexico border affairs (Christopher, “Working Together,” Mexico Institute @ Woodrow Institute, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Working20Together20Full20Document.pdf) With studies focused at the regional level, some analysts have argued that U. AND for the United States to improve its global competitiveness and defend American industry. Advanced biofuels are key – create integrated markets that spill over throughout the region Philippidis 10 – energy director of the Applied Research Center and co-director of the Global Energy Security Forum at Florida International University in Miami (George, “Panamerican Energy Cooperation,” https://umshare.miami.edu/web/wda/hemisphericpolicy/Philippidis_Energy_in_the_Americas.pdf) Encouraging signs of biofuels collaboration in the Americas have emerged from the ¶ area of AND ¶ technologies and feedstocks, represent excellent prospects for Panamerican energy ¶ collaboration. That solves US economic leadership Noriega and Cardenas 12 – *Former US State Dept Official, director with Vision Americas (“An action plan for US policy in the Americas,” December, http://www.aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/regional/latin-america/an-action-plan-for-us-policy-in-the-americas/) Key points in this Outlook: America’s economic crisis and threats to US security have undermined its traditional global-leadership AND its own hemisphere. A prosperous hemisphere means a more prosperous United States. The link is reverse causal – lack of US leadership collapses competitiveness Farnsworth 13 – MPA in IR @ Princeton, former State Department official, Vice President of the Council of the Americas and the Americas Society (Eric, “ENERGY SECURITY OPPORTUNITIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN,” House Testimony, Lexis) As well, for the past several years the Council has organized our Energy Action AND ¶ energy at the core should be at the top of our agenda. US growth solves great power war Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024) Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to AND , hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions. Nuclear war Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. The US has comparatively the most peaceful economic model Posen 9 - deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” http://clients.squareeye.com/uploads/foresight/documents/PN20USA_FINAL_LR_1.pdf In the postwar period, US power’ and prestige, beyond the nation’s military might AND rise to the challenge, it should concentrate on the following priority measures.
Plan The United States Federal Government should offer substantial financing for advanced biofuels in Mexico. Solvency Finally – solvency Mexican bioenergy avoids historical drawbacks of biofuels GNEB 11 – Good Neighbor Environmental Board, The Good Neighbor Environmental Board was created AND S. Environmental Protection Agency by Executive Order 12916 on May 13, 1994 (“The Potential Environmental and Economic Benefits of Renewable Energy Development in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region,” http://www.epa.gov/ofacmo/gneb/gneb14threport/English-GNEB-14th-Report.pdf) Unlike for much of the United States, bioenergy potential along the border rarely contemplates AND carbon ¶ dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides emissions in biofuels. FDI is key – creates economies of scale Valles 13 – Director of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Guillermo, et al, “MEXICO’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT,” United Nations, http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2013/11166.pdf) There is significant potential for energy extraction from the residuals of thirteen key agricultural products AND considerable strategic, political and economic integration between energy and ¶ agricultural production. Only the US solves Farnsworth 13 – MPA in IR @ Princeton, former State Department official, Vice President of the Council of the Americas and the Americas Society (Eric, “ENERGY SECURITY OPPORTUNITIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN,” House Testimony, Lexis) More broadly, the United States has a strategic interest in working with willing nations AND technical assistance to improve the investment climate and ¶ the rule of law.
US-Mexco high level economic dialogue now- link is non-uq Wilson 9/20- Associate at the Mexico Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (Christopher, “Biden Kicks-off US-Mexico Economic Dialogue”, 9/20, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/biden-kicks-us-mexico-economic-dialogue)
Five years ago, the United States and China launched the Strategic and Economic Dialogue AND US-Mexico trade, could provide both nations with a significant boost.¶ Obama proposes closer renewable energy collaboration with Mexico. Fredrick 2013 (James. “Obama proposes closer renewable energy ties with Mexico” BN Americas. http://www.bnamericas.com/news/electricpower/obama-proposes-closer-renewable-energy-ties-between-us-mexico) US President Barack Obama has proposed closer collaboration between the US and Mexico on renewable AND also highlighted energy efficiency and green buildings as opportunities for the two countries. Latin America is green now Farnsworth 13 - heads the Washington office of the Americas Society/Council of the Americas, whose Energy Action Group promotes sound energy policies for the Western Hemisphere. During the Clinton administration, he was the senior adviser to the White House special envoy for the Americas (Eric, “Competing Agendas: Latin America's Sustainable Energy Dilemma,” WPR, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12762/competing-agendas-latin-americas-sustainable-energy-dilemma) On the environmental side, Latin America, particularly South America, already has the AND the fossil fuels used, compared to a global average of 30 percent.
9/28/13
1AC USC
Tournament: USCND | Round: 2 | Opponent: Damien SQ | Judge: Rob Mulholand 1AC 1 Advantage one – Ex-Im Warming is anthropogenic Green 13 – Professor of Chemistry @ Michigan Tech, *John Cook – Fellow @ Global Change Institute, produced climate communication resources adopted by organisations such as NOAA and the U.S. Navy Dana Nuccitelli – MA in Physics @ UC-Davis *Mark Richardson – PhD Candidate in Meteorology, et al., (“Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature,” Environmental Research Letters, 8.2) An accurate perception of the degree of scientific consensus is an essential element to public AND 1 based on abstract ratings) endorses the scientific consensus on AGW. There is a low threshold for RUNAWAY warming – newest studies prove Goldblatt 13 – PhD in Environmental Sciences, Research Associate, Virtual Planetary Laboratory and Astronomy Department @ U Washington (Colin, et al., “Low simulated radiation limit for runaway greenhouse climates,” Nature Geoscience 6, 661–667, doi:10.1038/ngeo1892) Here, we present the most complete study of the runaway greenhouse for 25 years AND (with a major component being condensable), and no empirical comparison cases. Adherence to existing multilateral agreements avoids 4 degree warming – anything higher is catastrophic Kim 12 – PhD in Anthropology @ Harvard, former president of Dartmouth, Now President of the World Bank (Jim Yong, “Turn Down the Heat,” p. ix) The 4°C scenarios are devastating: the inundation of coastal cities; increasing AND in mind. The World Bank Group will step up to the challenge. Extinction Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA (Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122) The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2 AND adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes. Congress has requested an increase in green financing, but the export-import bank has fallen short – increased financing is key to CLIMATE LEADERSHIP Pacific Environment 12 - protects the living environment of the Pacific Rim, mentors, trains, campaigns, builds networks, and provides direct financial support to activist leaders and non-governmental organizations to help them protect their communities from environmental and health threats and hold international governments, corporations, and financing institutions accountable for their policies and actions (“FACT SHEET: U.S. Export-Import Bank’s Fossil Fuel and Renewable Energy Financing,” http://pacificenvironment.org/downloads/FACT20SHEET:20ExIm20Bank20fossil20fuel20financing.pdf) Ex-Im Bank’s fast-growing fossil fuel financing undercuts President Obama’s pledges to AND , and quickening the distribution of ¶ clean energy technologies across the world. Greening the bank is key – creates momentum for multilateral climate agreements Gong 6 – JD @ Berkeley, BA @ Princeton (Karis Anne, “EXPORTING SUSTAINABILITY: A proposal to reduce the climate impact of the Export?Import Bank of the United States,” http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/FinalDraftKarisGong.pdf) First, climate change is a result of aggregate emissions and aggregate concentrations ¶ of AND multilateral development banks” including the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.183 Independently – increased green Ex-Im financing is key to cleantech primacy Lowder 11 - member of the Market and Policy Impact Analysis Group in the Strategic Energy Analysis Center (Travis, “The United States Export-Import Bank and Renewable Energy Finance,” NREL, https://financere.nrel.gov/finance/content/united-states-export-import-bank-and-renewable-energy-finance) While the last three years have seen heightened Ex-Im activity in the RE AND deployment of U.S.-manufactured renewable energy products in international markets. Green leadership solves counterbalancing – specifically from Russia and China Klarevas 9 – Professor of Global Affairs (Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs @ New York University, “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony”, Huffington Post, 12-15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html) By not addressing climate change more aggressively and creatively, the United States is squandering AND means of leverage that can be employed to keep potential foes in check. Russia-China counterbalancing leads to great power conflict Blank 9 - Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College (Stephen Blank, “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?,” online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf) Consequently, the danger is that this ideological-strategic rivalry will harden, leading AND of joint military action in response to a regime crisis in the DPRK. 2 Advantage two – Mexico Post-NAFTA agricultural corrections will collapse the Mexican economy – US biofuel investment solves McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) Additionally, Mexican agricultural resources are scant in ¶ comparison to its North American counterparts AND to transport ethanol throughout both ¶ countries, and to points of export. Mexican collapse saps critical diplomatic capital Haddick 8 - University of Illinois, managing editor of the Small Wars Journal, was a U.S. Marine Corps officer, served in the 3rd and 23rd Marine Regiments, and deployed to Asia and Africa. He has advised the State Department, the National Intelligence Council, and U.S. Central Command (Robert, “Now that would change everything,” December 21, http://westhawk.blogspot.com/2008/12/now-that-would-change-everything.html) On November 25th, United States Joint Forces Command released to the public The Joint AND Asia. However, there would be no running from a Mexican collapse. That leads to Asian wars Lohman 13 – MA in Foreign Affairs @ UVA (Walter, “Honoring America’s Superpower Responsibilities,” http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/2013/06/honoring-americas-superpower-responsibilities) When you withdraw from the world, either by imposing trade barriers or drawing down AND they would have to do without the benefit of the American nuclear deterrent. These wars escalate Mead 10 (Mead, senior fellow @ the Council on Foreign Relations, 2010 Walter, American Interest, “Obama in Asia”, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2010/11/09/obama-in-asia/) The decision to go to Asia is one that all thinking Americans can and should AND , and that reality is what President Obama’s trip is intended to address. Independently – Mexican oil-dependent economy is unsustainable – PEMEX decline collapses US-Mexico relations Miller and DeLeon 9 - *Stephanie, consultant on U.S.-Latin America relations and was formerly the Research Associate for the Americas Project on the National Security Team. Born in Venezuela with family from Colombia, Miller earned her degree from Duke University in International Comparative Studies with a focus on Latin America. She currently lives in Bogotá, Colombia, Rudy, Senior Vice President of National Security and International Policy at American Progress (“Transcending the Rio Grande,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/04/pdf/mexico.pdf) Energy is a third area where the U.S. and Mexican economies are AND surrounding internal Mexican dynamics and account for them in shaping a strategic vision. A new biofuel alliance is key Morales 11 – PhD, Professor @ El Colegio de Mexico (Isidro, “The Energy Factor in Mexico-US Relations,” Baker Institute, http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-MoralesFactor-04292011.pdf) With the inception of NAFTA in 1994, and the emergence of a new security AND .S. will pursue their mutual interests while equally reaping the benefits. Specifically – export-import partnerships spill up into the broader relationship Donnelly 10 – Program Associate, Mexico Institute @ Wilson Center (Robert, “U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda) Discussant Johanna Mendelson Forman stressed the linkages connecting climate change, energy, and economic AND S. companies suffer from a lack of adequate export-import financing. Relations solve border terrorism and drug networks Storrs 6 (K. Larry Storrs, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of CRS, 1/18/2006 “Mexico’s Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States”, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33244_20060118.pdf)//JG Sharing a 2,000-mile border and extensive interconnections through the Gulf of AND , and border, terrorism,¶ health, environment, and energy issues. Latin American money laundering operations create strategic alliances between Russian organized crime and regional organizations Farah – President and Senior Fellow, International Assessment and Strategy Center – 10 Douglas, MONEY LAUNDERING AND BULK CASH SMUGGLING: CHALLENGES FOR THE MÉRIDA INITIATIVE, October, http://www.seguridadregional-fes.org/upload/5782-001_g.pdf#page=338 p. 158-159 Inroads by Russian organized crime, particularly in the field of money laundering, have AND at their command, it would be a logical step in their expansion. Organized crime presents the greatest risk of nuclear smuggling LYUDMILA ZAITSEVA and KEVIN HAND, Fellows at CISAC Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University – ‘3 Nuclear Smuggling Chains Suppliers, Intermediaries, and End-Users, AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST, Vol. 46 No. 6, February 2003 822-844 Networks trafficking in drugs, weapons, and other illicit commodities are well suited for AND of HEU that they obtained (Lee, 1999, p. 68). Nuclear terrorism causes global nuclear escalation Morgan, Professor of Foreign Studies at Hankuk University, ‘9 (Dennis Ray, December, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race” Futures, Vol 41 Issue 10, p 683-693, ScienceDirect) In a remarkable website on nuclear war, Carol Moore asks the question "Is AND , taking a savage toll upon the environment and fragile ecosphere as well.
3 Advantage Three– Agriculture Mexican production transitions the US away from corn ethanol McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) Producing ethanol from sugar, for many reasons, is simply ¶ a better option AND global food markets,159 while contributing ¶ to the revitalization of farmland. This leads to sustainable framing – solves food-for-fuel tradeoffs McDonald 9 – JD and MBA @ U Mississippi, LLM in International Legal Studies @ American (Jeff, “Corn, Sugar, and Ethanol: How Policy Change Can Foster Sustainable Agriculture and Biofuel Production in Mexico and the United States,” ILSP Law Journal, p. 127-134) The problems discussed above, like any potential solutions, ¶ are all cyclical and AND food supplies, and easing pressure ¶ on U.S. farmlands. The impact is global food shocks Wise 12 - Policy Research Director, Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University (Timothy, “US corn ethanol fuels food crisis in developing countries,” http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/10/201210993632838545.html) Besides Egypt, North African countries saw particularly high ethanol-related losses: Algeria AND , so it has forced thousands of Ugandans deeper into poverty and hunger. A diversity of studies confirm corn biofuels are a key internal link to global food shocks Bryce 12 - senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, is the author, most recently, of Power Hungry: The Myths of “Green” Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future (Robert, “Democrats and Republicans Support Harmful Ethanol Subsidies for the Sake of Votes,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/05/democrats-and-republicans-support-harmful-ethanol-subsidies-for-the-sake-of-votes.html) At least 17 studies—done by organizations ranging from Purdue University to the World AND level and variability, and this has spilled over into other commodity markets.” Biofuel-induced shocks kills a billion people Runge and Senauer 7 – *Professor of Applied Economics @ U Minn, Professor of Applied Economics @ U Minn (C. Ford, Distinguished McKnight University Professor of Applied Economics and Law and Director of the Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy at the University of Minnesota; Benjamin, Professor of Applied Economics and Co-director of the Food Industry Center at the University of Minnesota, ‘How Biofuels could starve the poor,’ Foreign Affairs, May/June, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070501faessay86305/c-ford-runge-benjamin-senauer/how-biofuels-could-starve-the-poor.html) Biofuels may have even more devastating effects in the rest of the world, especially AND and many more will die from a multitude of hunger-related diseases. Food shocks escalate to all-out war Klare 12 - professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College (Michael, “The Hunger Wars in our Future,” http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-215_162-57489345/the-hunger-wars-in-our-future/?pageNum=1andtag=page) The Great Drought of 2012 has yet to come to an end, but we AND droughts, recurring food shortages, and billions of famished, desperate people. The impact is extinction Brown 9 – Founder of Worldwatch and EPI (Lester R, founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute “Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?” Scientific American, May) The biggest threat to global stability is the potential for food crises in poor countries AND states disintegrate, their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself.
Plan The Export Import Bank of the United States should offer substantial financing for advanced biofuels in Mexico.
Solvency Finally – solvency Only the US solves Farnsworth 13 – MPA in IR @ Princeton, former State Department official, Vice President of the Council of the Americas and the Americas Society (Eric, “ENERGY SECURITY OPPORTUNITIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN,” House Testimony, Lexis) More broadly, the United States has a strategic interest in working with willing nations AND technical assistance to improve the investment climate and ¶ the rule of law.
11/2/13
2AC Borders K
Tournament: USCND | Round: 2 | Opponent: Damien SQ | Judge: Rob Mulholand Framework -aff gets to weigh the 1AC vs hypothetical implementation of the alt – the alternative should be judged on the efficacy of its response to existing institutional practices -key to tie education to action -fairness DA: moots the 1AC Voter Threat construction is good – psychological bias runs towards threat deflation which internal link turns error replication and the cycle of violence Schweller, 4 (Randall L., Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at The Ohio State University, “Unanswered Threats A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancing,” International Security, Volume 29, Issue 2, pg. 159-201, Project Muse) Despite the historical frequency of underbalancing, little has been written on the subject. AND domestic-level variables that regularly intervene to thwart balance of power predictions. Absolute rejection of security based politics leads to global injustices – only US forces can prevent global violence Elshtain 3 Jean Bethke, Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor of Social and Political Ethics at the University of Chicago Divinity School, and is a contributing editor for The New Republic, Just War Against Terror Peace is a good, and so is justice, but neither is an absolute AND , in the long run, the one most conducive to civic peace? Perm The alternative cannot overcome securitization – its biologically engrained – proves the thesis of opportunistic and preventative wars Pyszczynski et al 6 Tom, Prof. Psych. – U. Colorado, Sheldon Solomon, Prof. Psych. – Skidmore College, Jeff Greenberg, Prof. Psych. – U. Arizona, and Molly Maxfield, U. Colorado, Psychological Inquiry, “On the Unique Psychological Import of the Human Awareness of Mortality: Theme and Variations” 17:4, Ebsco Kirkpatrick and Navarette’s (this issue) first specific complaint with TMT is that it AND didn’t have the ability to instigate fear reactions in response to such threats?
The representational threat of terrorism is real and needs an equal response Chowdhury and Krebs ’10 (Arjun Chowdhury, Professor of IR at The University of AND of representations” European Journal of International Relations 16.125 JG) Attacks on civilians are often weighted with symbolism: the World Trade Center was ¶ AND liminal, and thus even foreign terrorists may be represented as legitimate interlocutors. Empirics prove the squo is benign democratic leadership and interdependence – not militaristic violence – prefer our epistemology Ikenberry 4 (G. John Ikenberry, Prof. of Geopolitics, “Illusions of Empire: Defining the New American Order” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2004)
Is the United States an empire? If so, Ferguson's liberal empire is a AND extension of international institutions that have limited and legitimated U.S. power
11/2/13
2AC Oil DA
Tournament: USCND | Round: 2 | Opponent: Damien SQ | Judge: Rob Mulholand Perception now – renewable fuel standard for almost a decade, recently upgraded CAFE standards Corn ethanol in the squo t/o with oil – the aff just replaces it with advanced ethanol – no Saudi perception Link is massively non unique Federal biofuel policy now – RFS Schnepf* and Yacobucci 13 – *Specialist in Agricultural Policy and Section Research Manager (Randy Schnepf and Brent D. Yacobucci, “Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): ¶ Overview and Issues” CRS, March 14 2013, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40155.pdf) Federal policy has played a key role in the emergence of the U.S AND an amended definition of renewable biomass, including ¶ certain land use restrictions. Gov biofuel policy now – not sufficient Schnepf* and Yacobucci 13 – *Specialist in Agricultural Policy and Section Research Manager (Randy Schnepf and Brent D. Yacobucci, “Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): ¶ Overview and Issues” CRS, March 14 2013, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40155.pdf) Increasing dependence on foreign sources of crude oil, concerns over global climate change, AND of total transportation fuel consumption (on a gasolineequivalent basis) in 2012. All our ev pd their link Plan not sufficient to trigger a flood – their link assumes Fundamentally incorrect – the oil price cycle will be broken soon – that means that surplus capacity will drive prices low and they’ll stay low Rapier, 6/4/13 (Robert, Director, Engineering, Projects, and Development for the Energy Collective, Master’s Degree in chemical engineering from Texas AandM University, Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President for Merica International, “About Those Plunging Oil Prices”, Energy Trend Insider, June 4, 2013, http://www.energytrendsinsider.com/2013/06/04/about-those-plunging-oil-prices/, JKahn) Over the past three weeks, there have been numerous headlines insinuating that a freefall AND of oil traders could drive prices down in a hurry in that situation. OPEC export sway is finished Hargreaves, 7/18/13 (Steven, senior writer for CNN Money, CNN Money, July 18, 2013, CNN Money, http://www.money.cnn.com/2013/07/18/news/economy/opec-oil/index.html?iid=Lead, JKahn) OPEC in a bind: Thanks to an energy boom in United States, Canada AND 2018, according to Trevor Houser, an analyst at the Rhodium Group. The Russia impact is non-unique and floating solves spending problems Levine, 12 (Steve, Bernard L. Schwartz Fellow at the New America Foundation, Washington correspondent for Quartz, adjunct professor at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, former correspondent for The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, the Financial Times and Newsweek, “Why a drop in oil prices wouldn’t threaten Vladimir Putin any time soon”, Quartz, October 15, 2012, http://qz.com/15444/why-a-drop-in-oil-prices-wouldnt-threaten-vladimir-putin-any-time-soon/, JKahn) MOSCOW—When, like Vladimir Putin, you’re the leader of a petro- AND oil was as low as $80 a barrel was two years ago. The Russian economy can withstand a slump RIA, 11 (RIA Novisti, “Russian economy can survive low oil prices – Kudrin”, 9/26/2011, RIA Novisti, http://en.rian.ru/business/20110926/167139562.html) The Russian economy will be able to function normally for a year, if global AND stood at $109.2 per barrel in January-August 2011. Russian economic collapse is inevitable—oil profits aren’t sustainable KHRUSHCHEVA 2008 (Nina L. Khrushcheva is an associate professor of international affairs at the New School, Chronicle of Higher Education, 9-5) That scenario, however, is unlikely. The unstable conditions that are stoking Russia's AND of control. Rampant inflation might bring the Putin-Medvedev Kremlin down.
11/2/13
2AC Politics DA
Tournament: USCND | Round: 2 | Opponent: Damien SQ | Judge: Rob Mulholand Aff solves the impact … Powerful GOP are dedicated to defeating Obama agenda AT all neg warrants --Rubio withdrawal solve Senate bipart momentum --Hope for election gains diminished --Assumes massive lobbying efforts Hiltzik 10/28 Michael Hiltzik is the Pulitzer Prize-winning business columnist of The Times. He is the author of five books, most recently "The New Deal: A Modern History" (2011). “The acid test for the GOP's ability to govern: immigration reform” October 28, 2013 http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-mh-immigration-reform-20131028,0,2124888.story#axzz2j45mnAJ8 You know a bill is in trouble in Congress when its opponents come up with AND . That's the new paradigm of governing in Washington: Just say no. Budget battle thumps Foley 10/25 Elise Foley is a reporter for the Huffington Post in Washington, D.C. She previously worked at The Washington Independent. “Immigration Reform Not Dead Yet, Advocates Insist” 10/25 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/25/immigration-reform_n_4164843.html WASHINGTON -- Immigration reform advocates said they're annoyed at the glut of news articles in AND more comprehensive approach and have offered their own proposals with significant Democratic backing. No negotiations and no Trust post shutdown Bolton 10/29 Alexander Bolton Senate reporter for The Hill newspaper. Washington, DC. “Ted Cruz looms large over comprehensive immigration reform” 10/29/13 http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/331077-ted-cruz-looms-large-over-comprehensive-immigration-reform “I think if instead the bill includes elements that are deeply divisive — AND comprehensive reform bill with Senate Democrats, they would risk another intraparty blowup. ACA debacle thumps DA Al Jazeera 10/30 Sebelius takes responsibility for health care site 'debacle,' vows fixes October 30, 2013 http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/30/sebelius-set-to-facetoughquestionsonhealthcarewebsite.html Amid calls for her to step down, Kathleen Sebelius, President Barack Obama's top AND and takes "full responsibility for making sure that it gets fixed ASAP." XO solves Lillis 13 – Staff @ The Hill Mike, “Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform,” http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform#ixzz2NAEmbB00 President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event AND modeled on the Dream Act legislation that has been unable to pass Congress.
Doesn’t go through Congress – no oversight – Ex Im is an external agency, they are internally funded – zero way they backlash to the plan It’s under the radar Lillian 10 – FOLIO Magazine’s top 13 under 30, Speaker, NESEA’s BuildingEnergy13 conference (Jessica, “The U.S. Export-Import Bank: Secret Solar Finance Powerhouse,” Solar Industry, 1.11) Mandated by its congressional charter since 1992 to support renewable energy exports, the U AND Office of Renewable Energy. This total included 1,820 individual transactions. Congress won’t seek oversight Blackwell 12 (Ken, CNS News, http://cnsnews.com/blog/ken-blackwell/export-import-bank-nightmare) In the spirit of true bipartisanship, establishment Democrats and Republicans are both supporting the AND American jobs, but these audits rarely, if ever, take place. No backlash Mittelman 10 – Professor of International Affairs @ American (James, “Hyperconflict: Globalization and Insecurity,” p. 106) So, too, Scott Snyder and Richard H. Solomon, president of the AND and security stabilizer in Asia" (Snyder and Solomon 1998,2). Even if they win a link, winners win Milbank 10/18 Dana Milbank writes about political theater in the nation’s capital. He joined The Post as a political reporter in 2000, after two years as a senior editor of The New Republic and eight years with the Wall Street Journal. He is also the author of three political books: Tears of a Clown (2010), Homo Politicus (2008) and Smashmouth (2001). He lives in Washington. http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/dana-milbank-now-lead-from-the-front/2013/10/18/56c1fd42-37fe-11e3-8a0e-4e2cf80831fc_story.html Obama got out in front of the shutdown and debt-ceiling standoff. He AND in front. Otherwise, he’ll soon be knocked back on his behind.
11/2/13
2AC Topicality-QPQ
Tournament: USCND | Round: 2 | Opponent: Damien SQ | Judge: Rob Mulholand 2AC T QPQ We meet- the plan is an offer of financing to Mexico, conditioned on their acceptance WM- Conditions are required for every ExIm loan Brannon 11 – PhD in Economics @ Indiana (Ike and Elizabeth Lowell, “Export-Import Bank: Obstacles and Options for Reform,” American Action Forum, http://americanactionforum.org/sites/default/files/Ex-Im20Final20Draft21.pdf) Congress imposes a host of criteria that Ex-Im must ¶ take into account before providing financing, such as¶ requirements for reasonable assurance of repayment ¶ without competing with private capital, foreign ¶ content restrictions, transportation of exports using ¶ U.S. vessels, exclusion of military products, ¶ consideration of environmental impact, and ¶ allocation of 10 percent of financing for renewable ¶ energy and energy-efficient products and 20 percent¶ for small businesses.
C/I: Economic Engagement can be both Kane 8 – Major USMC Brian, “Comprehensive Engagement: A Winning Strategy,” MA Thesis, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a504901.pdf Engagement strategies are not new. Since the end of the Cold War, engagement AND 10¶ This definition of engagement has been the most successful historically.11 Toward means ‘in the direction of’ to•ward (tôrd, trd, t-wôrd) KEY PREPOSITION: also to•wards (tôrdz, trdz, t-wôrdz) KEY In the direction of: driving toward home. That’s American Heritage, 9 (‘toward’, http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/toward)
Prefer our interpretation a) Most successful without conditions – k/t productive policies b) Neg ground and limits – allow infinite conditions, explodes the topic c) Aff ground – forcing specification of condition leads to bad PICs Prefer our interpretation—they overlimit – exclude all trade affs which are the core of the topic -- Intent to define key to precision
Defense: Finite number of countries and literature base checks core generics
Impact assessment – only vote on T if it is impossible to be negative not slightly more difficult.—don’t allow them contrived definitions that are not exclusive- - encourages a stale debate of competing interpretations