Tournament: Greenhil | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Bishop Guertin DI | Judge: Stolte, Hines, Fiori
1NC – Doubles

FRAMEWORK

A. Your decision should answer the resolutional question: Is the enactment of topical action better than the status quo or a competitive option? 

1. “Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum
   Army Officer School ‘04
    (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
   The colon introduces the
   AND
   ) That this council petition the mayor.

2. “USFG should” means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means
Ericson ‘03
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy:
AND
 the future action that you propose. 

B. They claim to win the debate for reasons other than the desirability of topical action

C. You should vote negative:

Decisionmaking—debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims
Steinberg, lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, ‘8
(David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 45)

Debate is a means of settling differences,
AND
in the following discussion.

Decisionmaking is the most portable skill—key to all facets of life and advocacy
Steinberg, lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, ‘8
(David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 9-10)

After several days of intense debate,
AND
vote for our favored political candidate.

Dialogue. Debate’s critical axis is a form of dialogic communication within a confined game space.

Unbridled affirmation outside the game space makes research impossible and destroys dialogue in debate
Hanghoj 8
http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
 Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008
 Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish
Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of
Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have
taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the
Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab
Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant
professor. 

Debate games are often based on
AND
as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

Dialogue is critical to affirming any value—shutting down deliberation devolves into totalitarianism and reinscribes oppression
Morson 4
http://www.flt.uae.ac.ma/elhirech/baktine/0521831059.pdf#page=331
Northwestern Professor,  Prof. Morsonand#39;s work ranges over a variety of areas: literary theory (especially narrative); the history of ideas, both Russian and European; a variety of literary genres (especially satire, utopia, and the novel); and his favorite writers -- Chekhov, Gogol, and, above all, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He is especially interested in the relation of literature to philosophy.

 Bakhtin viewed the whole
AND
an ongoing spiral of intolerance.

ANTHRO

Human rights are animal wrongs— Beginning with the human social betrays your anthropocentric bias and reinforces the root cause of violence.
Rose 6 (Rebecca, Lecturer in Literature for Trinity College Foundation Studies, The University of Melbourne, 2006, COLLOQUY text theory critique  12shree)

In recent decades concern for the human-
AND
of years in the making.29 

Humanism is the root cause of oppression—denigration of biological difference is the foundational exclusion paving the way for endless exploitation, genocide, and war.
Best 2007 (Steven, Asst Phil Prof at UT El Paso “Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust, by Charles Patterson (2002)” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 5.2http:www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_7/bestpatterson.pdf)

While a welcome advance over the anthropocentric conceit that only humans shape human actions, the environmental determinism approach typically fails to emphasize the crucial role that animals play in human history, as well as how the human exploitation of animals is a key cause of hierarchy, social conflict, and environmental breakdown. A core thesis of what I call “animal standpoint theory” is that animals have been key
AND
was Judaic moral baggage official Chistianithy left behind. 

The 1AC promises redemption, repeating the sovereign decisiveness that founds the expulsion of the animal.
Vote negative to refuse the affirmative’s decision to be human.

This renunciation expresses the undecidability between the human and animal.
Rossello 2010 (Diego, Asst Prof of PoliSci at Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile “Deciding to be Human? Benjamin and Schmitt on Political Theology and Animality.” Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Sept, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1654674)

Benjamin’s staging of the emergence of the
AND
melancholic awareness of an undecidability.

GRAMMARS OF ENCOUNTER

The 1AC criticism is conditioned upon a predetermined yardstick to measure the value of their critique. The affirmative judges their strategy against the criteria established by their impact calculus. Specifically, the imperative to drug cartel violence in Mexico
This imperative to operate along a yardstick to measure politics is complicit with disciplinary regimes that prevent transformative politics.  
Pavlich 2005 (George, Professor of Sociology  University of Alberta,  Law and Critique (2005) 16: 95–112)
Critique and criticism are thus elemental
AND
moorings of its immediate (judgemental) past.23  

Is this a judgment against judgment? Perhaps, But We Do NOT Offer External Criteria Against Which to Judge the 1AC. We Instead Test the 1AC’s Coherence—Discerning an Implicit Double Turn:
They deploy normative judgment against judgments of normativity. 

Judgment is not the only alternative. Critique’s Etymology Opens Up the possibility to judge but also to separate, discern, select, and decide.  

“Divide the 1AC Into Two Piles.
Welcome the 1AC’s Imperative to Overcome the Limitations of Status Quo Approaches to Latin American economic engagement. Set Aside the 1AC Impact Calculus as Justification for their Advocacy.”

Pavlich Continues:
This predicament provides unique opportunities for
AND
a way to move beyond judgemental grammars of critique.

The experiences suppressed by the status quo are their own justification.
Suspending Judgment on 1AC Criteria Builds Affective Capacities for Political Engagement.
Leet 2002 Gender Modified*(Martin Leet, Research Fellow in International Studies at The University  of Queensland; “After-effects of Knowledge: Dogmatic Retreats and Sceptical Adventures” Critical Horizons 3:2)
 As with respect to nature, the very question of the  
AND
detached  from one’s surroundings.

PREEMPTS

We Begin with Our Alternative – Reject their Performance of Pre-Emption within the First Affirmative Constructive. 

Starting Communication with Pre-Emption Must Be Rejected – Attempts to Track and Predict Opponents Collapses Deliberation – It Produces a Situation Where ‘Coincidence’ Takes the Place of ‘Communication’
Crandall, 2k6. (Jordan Crandall, Media Artist, Theorist, Assistant Professor of Visual Arts @ the Univ of California. “Precision + Guided + Seeing” 1000 Days of Theory. Ctheory. Online @ http://www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=502#bio J.Miller AAAAA)
When, in a competitive consumer-security
AND
just at the horizon of the visible. 

CASE

The 1AC decision to enact the performativity of a speech act in English without acknowledging intrinsic anti democratic nature of other languages re entrenches oppression. 

Rasool ‘0 Naz, “Talking Back: Peripheral Peoples, Fractured Identities and Marginalized Language Discourses in Education” Review Essay, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 2000. Linguistic Genocide in Education – or Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights? Mahwah, New Jersey and London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (2000). http://www.tove-skutnabb-kangas.org/pdf/Tove_Skutnabb_Kangas_Linguistic_genocide_in_education_or_worldwide_diversity_and_human_rights_Reviewed_by_Naz_Rassool.pdf

The book is divided into three
AND
social, economic and cultural inequalities.

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Nate Hall
Turn: The introduction of their critique of ableism language is a voting issue—calling us out for using an unintentionally offensive term might make them feel better for embarrassing us, but it doesn’t do anything to address ableist oppression and prevents constructive activism. Rejecting their “call out” strategy is crucial to constructive activism—vote against them to facilitate productive dialogue about ableist language. 

Kinzel 11 — Lesley Kinzel, blogger and social justice writer, has written for Newsweek and Marie Claire, was named one of the Feminist Press’s “40 Feminists Under 40,” 2011 (“On our difficult language, and the calling-out of,” Two Whole Cakes—a blog about body politics, social justice activism, and pop-cultural criticism from a feminist perspective, March 30th, Available Online at http://blog.twowholecakes.com/2011/03/on-our-difficult-language-and-the-calling-out-of-same)
We throw “that’s ableist” or “that’s racist” or “that’s
AND
 are the things that put us here in the first place.

Tournament: UT rr | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cedar Ridge PR | Judge: Nick Burr
While Assata Shakur presents an interesting narrative for academic consumption, her strategy of fleeing the antiblack terror of the United States to Cuba is a privilege afforded to few Americans. Refuse the affirmative’s valorization of Assata Shakur in favor of political abolition of capitalism—this is their solvency advocate
James ‘13
Joy James. Professor of Political Science at Williams College. 2013. Seeking the Beloved Community: A Feminist Race Reader. Pages 53-54.

New terminology denotes the pervasive influence of
AND
, the deradicalizing tendencies are muted by the appearance of the symbolic radical.

The affirmative performs historical amnesia—in their asphyxiation with Assata Shakur they pave over the traditions of Black Communinsm tracing from W.E.B. Du Bois to Angela Davis. Political scholarship should be framed around addressing political oppression generally, rather than towards elevating Assata.
Davies ‘7
Carole Davies. Department of English at Cornell. 2007. Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones. Pages 16-17.

The study of black communist women
AND
 hopefully additional studies will flesh out the full dimensions of their story.

Begin your decision-calculus with a prioritization of the objective violence of capitalism—the most excessive and anonymized manifestations of violence are byproducts of the economic order
Zizek 2008 Slavoj. Violence.. pp. 10-15

Opposing all forms of violence, from direct, physical violence
AND
. King Leopold was surely the precursor of today's "liberal communists," including...

The alternative is an endorsement of historical materialism.—our alternative endorses a class analysis while jettisoning the economic determinism of original Marxist theory—this is crucial to formulating a class-based politics that can account for racist violence
Meyerson ‘99
Gregory Meyerson. Professor of English at North Carolina AandT State. 1999. “Rethinking Black Marxism: Reflections on Cedric Robinson and Others”. Cultural Logic 3:1. http://clogic.eserver.org/3-1and2/meyerson.html. 

3. The "relative autonomy" of "race" has been
AND
 published work by Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, The Many Headed Hydra.10

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Quarters | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Forslund, Shore, Carswell
Debt Ceiling compromise coming now - but it's gonna be tight.
Bernstein 9/12 (Jared, Fmr. Obama administration economist; CNBC and MSNBC contributor, " Increasing the Debt Ceiling Should Be Paired With... Nothing!"
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jared-bernstein/debt-ceiling-increase_b_3915851.html) J.N.E
In a little over a month, according to
AND
normal or healthy about it.

Reforming US-Cuba trade laws cause fierce political fights - linked to supporting the regime.
NY Times 12 (“Easing of Restraints in Cuba Renews Debate on U.S. Embargo”, November 19th, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/world/americas/changes-in-cuba-create-support-for-easing-embargo.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0)

And Cuba has a long history of
AND
its grip on its people.”

Obama has the capital and that's key.
Lanenkamp '13 (Andy, Global political analyst at ECR Research and Interest and Currency Consultants, Huffington Post, "Obama to Take Over Baton From Fed?" 7/13/13, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andy-langenkamp/obama-to-take-over-baton-_b_3571885.html)
Obama's weakened hand
AND
they have hitherto done.

Debt freeze causes global economic collapse and food crisis.
Min ‘10 (David, Associate Director for Financial Markets Policy at the Center for American Progress, 2010 “The Big Freeze The Conservative Pledge to Freeze the Debt Ceiling Is a Looming Disaster”, 10/28/10, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2010/10/big_freeze.html)
A freeze on the debt ceiling
AND
a global economic depression.

Global War
Harris and Burrows '09 (Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”, http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf)
For that reason, the ways in
AND
in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Isidore Newman | Judge: Boroditsky
Text: The United States Supreme Court should rule that compliance orders from federal enforcement agencies regarding the US economic embargo against Cuba unconstitutional.

The Cuba Embargo is in violation of United States international treaty obligations – the Courts are legally bound to act
Manchak 10 (Benjamin Manchak, Staff Writer, Boston College Third World Law Journal, “Comprehensive Economic Sanctions, The Right To Development, And Constitutionally Impermissible Violations Of International Law,” Spring 2010, LexisNexis, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 417MRG)
Yet the United States
AND
respect to human rights obligations.and#34; n11

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 7 | Opponent: Pine Crest GJ | Judge: Jake Ziering
They interpret the history of sovereignty through the lens of biopower—
The State of Exception becomes a Seductive Meta-Narrative That Displace Specific Histories and Struggles Against Extermination.
Dan Stone, Professor of Modern History at University of London, 2006
History, Memory and Mass Atrocity p. 223-230
There is no doubt that Agamben's argument is seductive
AND

the role of fantasy, or magic in modern life.34 It is to these elements that I now turn.

Tournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Monsignor Kelly | Judge: Hank Stolte
The 1AC criticism is conditioned upon a predetermined yardstick to measure the value of their critique. The affirmative judges their strategy against the criteria established by their impact calculus. Specifically, the imperative to overcome neo-imperialism
This imperative to operate along a yardstick to measure politics is complicit with disciplinary regimes that prevent transformative politics.  
Pavlich 2005 (George, Professor of Sociology  University of Alberta,  Law and Critique (2005) 16: 95–112)
Critique and criticism are thus elemental
AND
 unhinged from the disciplinary  moorings of its immediate (judgemental) past.23  

Is this a judgment against judgment? Perhaps, But We Do NOT Offer External Criteria Against Which to Judge the 1AC. We Instead Test the 1AC’s Coherence—Discerning an Implicit Double Turn:
They deploy normative judgment against judgments of normativity. 

Judgment is not the only alternative. Critique’s Etymology Opens Up the possibility to judge but also to separate, discern, select, and decide.  

“Divide the 1AC Into Two Piles.
Welcome the 1AC’s Imperative to Overcome the Limitations of Status Quo Approaches to Latin American economic engagement. Set Aside the 1AC Impact Calculus as Justification for their Advocacy.”

Pavlich Continues:
This predicament provides unique opportunities
AND
 as allegorically related to the idea of hospitality,  suggests a way to move beyond judgemental grammars of critique.

The experiences suppressed by the status quo are their own justification.
Suspending Judgment on 1AC Criteria Builds Affective Capacities for Political Engagement.
Leet 2002 Gender Modified*(Martin Leet, Research Fellow in International Studies at The University  of Queensland; “After-effects of Knowledge: Dogmatic Retreats and Sceptical Adventures” Critical Horizons 3:2)
 As with respect to nature, the very question of the  validity of culture
AND
 to become  detached  from one’s surroundings.

Tournament: Spring Woods | Round: 3 | Opponent: Westwood JR | Judge: Matt Reichle
This debate should not be viewed as a neutral contestory space that will produce a right answer because all solutions inscribed within the affirmative’s framework of knowing will only continue to tear us from our fundamental grounding within the world.
The question is no longer what policy should we pass, what movement should we align ourselves with, nor what structures of power should we disrupt but what is needed instead is a rethinking of thought itself. In the face of both philosophical and material blackmail
Heidegger and Der Spiegel 1966 (Martin. Not a nazi and German magazine. Der Spiegel Interview.. http://lacan.com/heidespie.html)
HEIDEGGER: I would say that as well. During
AND
ideological questions demanded by the day.

do nothing --  our affirmation of mediation embraces a call to let ‘beings be’. It is an escape from the confines of technological thought to allow other ways of thinking and being-in-the-world to reveal themselves.
In the face of nuclear winter, economic collapse and environmental catastrophe, we must remember that it is our forgetfulness, our forgetting that there are other modes of thinking other than calculatively, technologically, or pragmatically, that not only lie at the heart of these problems but threaten to overwhelm us with an even greater loss—the loss of ourselves and what it means to be human in this world - this is an independent impact
McWhorter 92 (Ladelle McWhorter. Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Northeast Missouri State University. “Guilt as Management Technology: A Call to Heideggerian Reflection.” Heidegger and the Earth: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. 1992. pp. 3-9)
Heidegger’s work is a call to reflect,
AND
is shattered eventually is ourselves.

Don’t call it an alternative---a paradoxical shift towards nothingness solves inevitable extinction  and ecological devaluation
Stenstad et al, ‘9 – prof phil @ East Tennessee state, editor of Heidegger Studies, + board of directors for International Association @ Environmental Philosophy. (Gail, Ladelle McWhorter - prof phil @ Northeast Missouri state, “Heidegger and the Earth – Essays in Environmental Philosophy, 2009, 2nd expanded edition (includes updated intro), p. ix – xii, U of Toronto Press)AE
Paradox is the titillating Other of all logics
AND
we are to avoid destroying the earth.

Only embracing the status quo can solve the affirmative’s homelessness
Thiele 97 – Ph.D. department of politics at University of florida, Leslie Paul Thiele, “Postmodernity and the Routinization of Novelty: Heidegger on Boredom and Technology”, Polity, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Summer, 1997), pp. 489-517, jstor
The mood Heidegger is best
AND
the nihilistic refusal to engage in such contemplation. 

Framing cuba as helpless makes all violence inevitable – colonialism turns case
Spanos 2000 William V.. Dove. America’s Shadow: An Anatomy of an Empire. pp. 56-59
The end of the pursuit of knowledge, according to
AND
consciousness itself, from its beginning, is 

The roll of the ballot is the choose between competing ontologies – it shapes all action – bad ontology undermines their truth claims
Dillon 99 – Prof of Politics- University of Lancaster, Michael, Moral Spaces p. 97-98
Heirs to all this, we find ourselves in the
AND
that architecture is itself based.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Kinkaid BR | Judge: Kersch, Martinez, Gonzalez
Nanotechnology’s humanization and management of nature is the endpoint of being – this comparatively outweighs
Lee 99 Keekok, Visiting Chair in Philosophy @ Institute for Environment, Philosophy and Public Policy @Lancaster University, “The Natural and the Artefactual: The Implications of Deep Science and Deep Technology for Environmental Philosophy, p. 117-120cc
In a nutshell, the answer is this-the new
AND
 elimination, loss or supersession is constitutive of that failing.

The affirmative coopts the radicality of eco terrorist movements—filtering them into formal modes of participatory/equitable nanotech EXPOSES the unknowability of their RADICAL DEMAND
Beasley-Murray ‘10
Jon Beasley-Murray. Professor of French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies at the University of British Columbia. 2010. Posthegemony: Political Theory and Latin America. Pages 112-113.

State and society, and their mutual relations, have
AND
 and legitimating principle. But something always escapes.

vote neg to do nothing--- willing a displacement of our will to action solves inevitable extinction
Stenstad et al, ‘9 – prof phil @ East Tennessee state, editor of Heidegger Studies, + board of directors for International Association @ Environmental Philosophy. (Gail, Ladelle McWhorter - prof phil @ Northeast Missouri state, “Heidegger and the Earth – Essays in Environmental Philosophy, 2009, 2nd expanded edition (includes updated intro), p. ix – xii, U of Toronto Press)AE

Paradox is the titillating Other of all logics rooted in the
AND
 argue, is absolutely necessary if we are to avoid destroying the earth.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Quarters | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Forslund, Shore, Carswell
The 1ac is a game of command and conquer – rooted in a total colonization and pacification of the Other – that renders people and places as standing making all forms of violence inevitable
Spanos 2000 William V.. Dove. America’s Shadow: An Anatomy of an Empire. pp. 56-59

The end of the pursuit of knowledge,
AND
consciousness itself, from its beginning, is 

the alternative is to do nothing  
 – only thinking within the paradox allows a fluid understanding of dasein – the impact is extinction  
Stenstad et al, ‘9 – prof phil @ East Tennessee state, editor of Heidegger Studies, + board of directors for International Association @ Environmental Philosophy. (Gail, Ladelle McWhorter - prof phil @ Northeast Missouri state, “Heidegger and the Earth – Essays in Environmental Philosophy, 2009, 2nd expanded edition (includes updated intro), p. ix – xii, U of Toronto Press)AE

Paradox is the titillating Other of all
AND
necessary if we are to avoid destroying the earth.

Tournament: Cal Berkeley | Round: 5 | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Nate Hall
text: The United States federal government should normalize trade relations with Cuba while excluding any and all meat trade and meats. 

lifting embargo stimulates meat demand--our impact is linear--verified in economic data
Copeland, Thompson 10 (Cassandra Copeland, Henry Thompson – auburn university, Southern Economics and Business Journal, 2010, http://www.auburn.edu/~thomph1/cubamarket.pdf)//AE
Lifting the Cuban embargo will generate
AND
 revenue or producer surplus versus consumer surplus.

Net benefit – Speciesm: Smash your speciest identity and challenge the speciest institutions that sustains domination of the natural world and make a mockery of any claim to value.  
Steven Best, Chair of Philosophy at UT-EP, No date http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Philosophy/ARNewEnlightenment.htm
During this turbulent period of social strife, riots,
AND
 change; we must. The message of nature is evolve or die.

Speciesm is the root cause of oppression—denigration of biological difference is the foundational exclusion paving the way for endless exploitation, genocide, and war.
Best 2007 (Steven, Asst Phil Prof at UT El Paso “Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust, by Charles Patterson (2002)” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 5.2http:www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_7/bestpatterson.pdf)
While a welcome advance over the anthropocentric
AND
 however was Judaic moral baggage official Chistianithy left behind.

Tournament: Spring Woods | Round: 5 | Opponent: Houston Memorial | Judge: Nick Burr
Text: The federal government of Mexico will clarify that the NAFTA agreement itself obligates binding worker protections in Mexico, including: mechanisms for improving basic labor standards based on the recommendations of the International Labor Organization (ILO); assistance for local organizing education centers; and full public participation in all parts of the dispute settlement process.

The aff’s solidarity is just a leftist authoritarian depiction of Mexican workers – turns case – only Mexico can solve
FRENCH 2 JOHN D. Faculty of Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies and Professor of History. Labor History, Vol. 43, No. 4

Does the abstract entity we call Mexican “
AND
 middle class peoples. A Luta Continua!

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Quarters | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Forslund, Shore, Carswell
Oil - prices high now – Syrian instability makes conflict imminent
Mufson, 8/27 – staff writer covering energy and other financial news - chief economic policy writer (Steven, “Crude oil prices reach 18-month high”, August 27 2013, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/crude-oil-prices-reach-18-month-high/2013/08/27/10522284-0f44-11e3-85b6-d27422650fd5_story.html)//AE
Crude oil prices jumped
AND
of OPEC’s second-largest oil producer.

Lifting the embargo would instigate oil trade
Cala 11 7/7, Andre Cala, “Drill, Cuba, Drill”
 www.energytribune.com/8204/drill-cuba-drill#sthash.3iM9Miht.dpuf
 Cuban drilling should
AND
is rising faster than supply growth.

Producing states are on the brink now – negative fluctuations cause political instability and inter-state war
Hulbert 12 (Matthew Hulbert, B.A. in history and politics from Durham University and an Mphil in international relations from Cambridge University, Senior Researcher at the Clingendael International Energy Programme (CIEP) in The Hague, The Netherlands. He studies political risk in upstream oil and gas markets, previously a Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich, leading its work on energy security and political risk. “The political perils of low oil prices,” July 9 2012, http://www.europeanenergyreview.eu/site/pagina.php?id=3796#artikel_3796)
Oil prices have rapidly dropped
AND
litter the entire energy stage

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Caddo Magnet CC | Judge: Bruce Miller
Mexico violates human rights
UN, 5/3 – (UN News Centre, “Mexico must strengthen its protection of human rights, reduce use of military – UN expert,” http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=44817andCr=MexicoandCr1=#.Uc9VcPm1FqW)
A United Nations independent
AND
society attaches to life,” he said.

Shun them—a priori
Beversluis, 89 (Eric H. April 1989. “On Shunning Undesirable Regimes: Ethics and Economic Sanctions.” Public Affairs Quarterly, April, vol. 3, no. 2)
A fundamental task of morality is
AND
communities might have put it.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: Quarters | Opponent: St Marks JM | Judge: Forslund, Shore, Carswell
Economic engagement means bilateral relations
Kahler, 6 - Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego (M., “Strategic Uses of Economic Interdependence: Engagement Policies on the Korean Peninsula and Across the Taiwan Strait” in Journal of Peace Research (2006), 43:5, p. 523-541, Sage Publications)
Economic engagement - a policy
AND
more widespread than previously recognized.

Plan violates gov-to-gov
Kane, 8 – US Marine Corps Major, thesis SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF OPERATIONAL STUDIES for the USMC School of Advanced Warfighting (Brian, “Comprehensive Engagement: A Winning Strategy “ http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA504901) NSS = National Security Strategy
Engagement strategies are not new.
AND
been the most successful historically.11

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Caddo Magnet CC | Judge: Bruce Miller
Economic Engagement cant encompass broader forms of engagement
Jakstaite, 10 - Doctoral Candidate Vytautas Magnus University Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy (Lithuania) (Gerda, “Containment and Engagement as Middle-Range Theories” Baltic Journal of Law and Politics Volume 3, Number 2 (2010), DOI: 10.2478/V10076-010-0015-7)
The approach to engagement
AND
and to improve bilateral relations

That means trade and aid in the form of loans or grants
Resnick, 1 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yeshiva University (Evan, Journal of International Affairs, “Defining Engagement” Vol. 54 No. 2, Political Science Complete)
A REFINED DEFINITION OF ENGAGEMENT
In order to establish a more
AND
, artistic and academic exchanges(n25)

Tournament: Spring Woods | Round: 5 | Opponent: Houston Memorial | Judge: Nick Burr
Topical affirmatives must make greater the number of trade agreements, foreign aid, or macroeconomic coordinations to be topical.
Celik ‘11. Arda Can Celik. MA Politics and Intl Studies, Uppsala University. “Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies.” Pg. 11
Introduction Economic engagement
AND
 affects the position of others in the same direction.

“Economic” engagement is distinct from diplomatic, military, or social policy
Lee 12 – Jeongseok Lee, Instructor in the Department of Military and Strategic Studies at the Republic of Korea Air Force Academy, “Hedging against Uncertain Future: The Response of East Asian Secondary Powers to Rising China”, Paper Prepared for the International Political Science Association XXII World Congress of Political Science, Madrid, Spain, July 8-12, 2012, http://rc41.ipsa.org/public/Madrid_2012/lee.pdf
Engagement The Seventh option is to
AND
, and it does not risk provoking antagonism.

“Increase” means to become larger or greater in quantity
Encarta 6 – Encarta Online Dictionary. 2006.  ("Increase" http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861620741)
in·crease  in kr?ss
transitive and intransitive verb  (past and past participle in·creased, present participle in·creas·ing, 3rd person present singular in·creas·es)Definition: make or become larger or greater: to become, or make something become, larger in number, quantity, or degree
noun  (plural in·creas·es)

Tournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Monsignor Kelly | Judge: Hank Stolte
Food compromise coming now – solves food prices
Daily Journal, 12/5/13 (“Farm bill talks continue with deadline approaching,” http://www.daily-journal.com/news/nation/farm-bill-talks-continue-with-deadline-approaching/article_b9a88d6f-37cc-589d-b8ed-c8c5f9ce1bdb.html, bgm)

House and Senate negotiators plan to meet
AND
week, according to aides familiar with the talks. 

Reforming US-Cuba trade laws cause fierce political fights - linked to supporting the regime.
NY Times 12 (“Easing of Restraints in Cuba Renews Debate on U.S. Embargo”, November 19th, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/world/americas/changes-in-cuba-create-support-for-easing-embargo.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0)

And Cuba has a long history of
AND
, it’s tightening its grip on its people.”

PC key to food prices
Clayton, 11/5 Eva M. -13, Former Congresswoman and former Assistant Director General of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Huffington Post, Congressional and Presidential Leadership Needed for a Fair and Equitable Farm Bill, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eva-m-clayton/congressional-and-presidential_b_4221884.html, jj

Will Congress and the president demonstrate
AND
. The fate of our nation's food security depends on it.

Food shocks cause extinction
Lugar 2k Chairman of the Senator Foreign Relations Committee and Member/Former Chair of the Senate Agriculture Committee (Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee. “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” pg online @ http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html)

In a world confronted by global terrorism,
AND
of people and the health of our planet.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Hebron CL | Judge: Spring, McKinney, Lipton
Their model of rational deliberation constructs the political subject as one who speaks out against oppression – committing violence against those who are constructed as those who are not capable of speaking – our arguments is not that the animal cannot speak, but that the aff isn’t listening
- they privilege the linguistic as being uniquely political – which creates boundaries between speaking and non speaking subjects – they elevate the woman to the status of the human which maintains the boundary – the perm is an inclusive exclusion 0 it still retains the sovereign human subject – that can determine who is political valid
Wadiwel 2008 Dinesh, Adj researcher at Hawke Research Institute for Sustainable Societies Social Policy Research Group “Three Fragments from a Biopolitical History of Animals: Questions of Body, Soul, and the Body Politic in Homer, Plato, and Aristotle” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 6.1 www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_8/Wadiwel17_31.pdf
Not only does Agamben identify closely the relation
AND
 the non-human varieties that inhabit the Earth with us) into the sphere of politics?

Anthropocentrism is the original and foundational hierarchy that structures all other forms of oppression.
Best, 7 (Steven, Asst Phil Prof at UT El Paso “Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust, by Charles Patterson (2002)” Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 5.2http:www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_7/bestpatterson.pdf)

While a welcome advance over the
AND
 was Judaic moral baggage official Chistianithy left behind. 

The 1AC promises redemption, repeating the sovereign decisiveness that founds the expulsion of the animal.
Vote negative to refuse the affirmative’s decision to be human.

This renunciation expresses the undecidability between the human and animal.
Rossello 2010 (Diego, Asst Prof of PoliSci at Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile “Deciding to be Human? Benjamin and Schmitt on Political Theology and Animality.” Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Sept, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1654674)

Benjamin’s staging of the emergence of the animal in the
AND
, but a melancholic awareness of an undecidability.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 4 | Opponent: St Marks | Judge: Collin Quinn
Sanctions won’t pass – but it’ll be tight.
Chaddock 3/3 (Gail, Russell, staff writer for Christian Science Monitor, “Pro-Israel lobby presses for new US sanctions on Iran, but gingerly”, March 3, 2014, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2014/0303/Pro-Israel-lobby-presses-for-new-US-sanctions-on-Iran-but-gingerly-video) J.N.E
This year’s annual gathering of the
AND
, who chairs the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Cuba policy drains capital and is publicly unpopular – most recent evidence – even if normalization is popular, the anti-Cuba bloc will still create fights.
Atlantic Council, 14 (“Tipping Point? Public Opinion and US Cuba Policy in 2014,” http://www.atlanticc...-policy-in-2014, Keerthi, Acc 2/27/14)
Cold War rhetoric and extremist policy were
AND
 Gilliam of the UCLA School of Public Policy elaborated on this discrepancy: “old narratives die hard.”

The link crushes Obama’s agenda.
Loomis 7 – Department of Government at Georgetown
(3/2/2007, Dr. Andrew J. Loomis is a Visiting Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, “Leveraging legitimacy in the crafting of U.S. foreign policy,” pg 35-36, http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/7/9/4/8/pages179487/p179487-36.php)
Declining political authority encourages
AND
 policy-making processes and affect the character of policy decisions.

Causes Israel strikes
Jon Perr 12/24/13, B.A. in Political Science from Rutgers University; technology marketing consultant based in Portland, Oregon, has long been active in Democratic politics and public policy as an organizer and advisor in California and Massachusetts. His past roles include field staffer for Gary Hart for President (1984), organizer of Silicon Valley tech executives backing President Clinton's call for national education standards (1997), recruiter of tech executives for Al Gore's and John Kerry's presidential campaigns, and co-coordinator of MassTech for Robert Reich (2002). (Jon, “Senate sanctions bill could let Israel take U.S. to war against Iran” Daily Kos, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/12/24/1265184/-Senate-sanctions-bill-could-let-Israel-take-U-S-to-war-against-Iran#
As 2013 draws to close, the negotiations
AND
 all of these costs and lead, potentially, to all-out regional war.

Israeli strikes cause global war
Rafael Reuveny 10, PhD, Professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University, "Unilateral Strike on Iran could trigger world Depression", Op-ed distributed through McClatchy Newspaper Co, http://www.indiana.edu/~spea/news/speaking_out/reuveny_on_unilateral_strike_Iran.shtml
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s
AND
 could ultimately spark World War III.

Tournament: toc | Round: 1 | Opponent: Thomas Jefferson KW | Judge: Brad Bolman
Your decision should answer the resolutional question: Is the enactment of topical action towards Latin America better than the status quo or a competitive option?
The text of the rez calls for debate on hypothetical government action
Ericson, 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future
AND
to perform the future action that you propose. 

Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum
Army Officer School ‘04
 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces the following:
AND
 this council petition the mayor.

“Topic relevance” doesn’t solve—only a precise and limited rez creates deliberation on a point of mutual difference
Steinberg and Freeley, 8 *Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45-
Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a
AND
 of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

It’s a prior question—otherwise there's nothing to require structured disagreement
Gundersen, 2k Adolf G., Associate Professor of Political Science, Texas AandM,
POLITICAL THEORY AND PARTISAN POLITICS, 2000, p. 104-5. (DRGNS/E625)
Indirect political engagement is
AND
 deliberation are to an important extent the same question.

3. Dialogue – Debate’s critical axis is a form of dialogic communication within a confined game space.
Defending the topic is hard because it requires you to admit you could be wrong—that generates competitive respect and dialogue. Voting aff reinforces group polarization and choir preaching
Talisse, 5 – philosophy professor at Vanderbilt (Robert, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 31.4, “Deliberativist responses to activist challenges”) *note: gendered language in this article refers to arguments made by two specific individuals in an article by Iris Young
Nonetheless, the deliberativist conception of
AND
. Insofar as the activist denies this, he is unreasonable.

Limitations on relevance are necessary for in-depth analysis—topical aff requirements are a floor, not a ceiling—this round is just one of many sites of deliberation, but it’s uniquely valuable to discuss state policy at a distance where we don’t have to render final verdicts
Talisse, 5 – philosophy professor at Vanderbilt (Robert, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 31.4, “Deliberativist responses to activist challenges”) *note: gendered language in this article refers to arguments made by two specific individuals in an article by Iris Young
These two serious activist challenges may be
AND
important ways and that further discourse cannot remedy these distortions.

Tournament: toc | Round: 1 | Opponent: Thomas Jefferson KW | Judge: Brad Bolman
They tame the apocalypse by submitting it to their interpretive grid
This contradicts their claim to free being from false certainties, mirroring the US strategy of “playing it safe”
As Bousquet writes,
The current US administration (perhaps
AND
 an aberration that we can banish with the right policies and proper understanding

Bousquet continues in 2006
Antoine Bousquet, Research Student IR at London School Economics “Time Zero: Hiroshima, September 11 and Apocalyptic Revelations in Historic Consciousness” Millennium

This article considers the place of the Hiroshima bombing
AND
 history exerts on the schemata of interpretation we use to impose meaning and continuity upon it.