Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lane Tech College Pre WK | Judge: Dwaine Hemphill

CP

Text: The President of the United States should 
remove all restrictions on Cuban-American travel and remittances
grant visas to Cubans invited to the United States to participate in educational, cultural, religious, humanitarian, and scientific activities if they pass normal visa security reviews
communicate to the Cuban government The United States desire to restore the diplomatic function of the Interest Section as its core mission
remove travel limits of U.S. and Cuban diplomats.

Solves the aff
LeoGrande 2k8 (William M. LeoGrande is dean of the School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, DC, and a specialist on U.S. relations with Latin America. "Engaging Cuba: A Roadmap," World Policy Journal 2008 25: 87, pg Sage um-ef) 

From the time Fidel Castro seized power nearly three generations ago, Cuba has served
AND
rule, and in Eastern Europe at the end of the communist era.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Appleton East BB | Judge: Matt Carswell

CP

CP Text: The United states federal government propose to the United Nations to establish
AND
approval from the agency, but only provide any requisite funding and assistance.

CP solves all of the inevitability claims, BUT the plan destroys the CP. Competition and US hegemonic pursuit of dominance assures a Nano-Race and turns the entire aff
Vandermolen, 06 – BS, Louisiana Tech University; MA, Naval War College (Thomas D., Maritime Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan. He was previously assigned as a student at the Naval War College, Newport Naval Station, Rhode Island, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj06/fal06/vandermolen.html)//VP

Two strategic approaches have relevance to international regulation of MNT: a hegemonic regulation imposed on the rest of the world by the United States, or
a cooperative regulation overseen and enforced by an international organization.
In either case, regulation will succeed—if it does—only by removing
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technologies is more important now than in previous times of scientific development."41

Unilateral nanotech like the plan causes an arms race and ensures extinction – only CP can solve- every reason why nanotech is bad is a net benefit
Treder And Phoenix, 08 – Executive Director of CRN, BS Biology, University of Washington, Research Fellow with the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, a consultant to the Millennium Project of the American Council for the United Nations University AND CRN’s Director of Research, has studied nanotechnology for more than 15 years. BS, Symbolic Systems, MS, Computer Science, Stanford University (Mike and Chris. Center For Responsible Nanotechnology, "The Need for International Control" http://www.crnano.org/int_control.htm)//VP
Overview:  International administration appears to be necessary for several reasons. Some of the risks of molecular nanotechnology (MNT) are potentially global in scope. At least one of the sources of risk, the possibility of a nanotech arms race, is explicitly international. Even well-intentioned and well-policed nations cannot always prevent internal terrorism, and companies with strong financial incentive do not always design secure products. Each additional MNT program increases the risk that unrestricted molecular manufacturing will fall into the wrong hands. For all these reasons, it seems best to have a single, trustworthy, international administration imposing tight controls on the technology. However, unless the technology is made widely available for a wide variety of applications and purposes, there will be strong incentive for independent MNT programs. Any successful administration program must satisfy many competing interests. Nanotech problems and nanotech solutions are international. Both nanotech problems and nanotech solutions are international. If MNT goes wrong, some of its problems may be global in scope. Grey goo and military nanobots will not respect national borders. Economic collapse of any large nation will shake all the rest. Likewise, MNT risk prevention must also be global. Programs and policies for reducing poverty must be international. Administration to detect and prevent rogue MNT programs must have global jurisdiction. An accretion of national programs may be able to mitigate some problems and risks, but cannot address all of them. International policies, and international bodies, must be designed and created before molecular manufacturing arrives. Nanotech arms races can only be prevented internationally. Conflict between nations killed millions in the last century. MNT-based conflict could be even worse. Nations attack when they feel threatened by others, or to satisfy internal political pressures including desperate domestic conditions. As discussed on our Dangers page, molecular manufacturing can easily lead to an unstable arms race—a very threatening situation. Even nations that are ostensibly allies may be uneasy about each other’s ultimate intentions, and there are many combinations of powerful nations that maintain at best a

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 1 | Opponent: Capitol HP | Judge: Jordana Sternberg

CP

Text: The USFG should  implement the agreement between the United States and United Mexican States concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico if and only if Mexico agrees to end human rights abuses. The USFG should enact a periodic certification process to determine that abuses are effectively investigated and prosecuted.

Congress should make assistance to Mexico contingent upon a periodic certification process to determine Mexican human rights abuses are investigated and prosecuted. Counterplan effectively uses leverage to improve human rights conditions
HRW, 07 Human Rights Watch, the world’s leading independent organizations dedicated to defending and protecting human rights. By focusing international attention where human rights are violated, we give voice to the oppressed and hold oppressors accountable for their crimes. Our rigorous, objective investigations and strategic, targeted advocacy build intense pressure for action and raise the cost of human rights abuse, 10/24, http://www.hrw.org/news/2007/10/23/mexico-us-aid-should-include-human-rights-conditions-http://www.hrw.org/news/2007/10/23/mexico-us-aid-should-include-human-rights-conditions, and#34;Mexico: US Aid Should Include Human Rights Conditions,and#34; ADM
The US Congress should oppose counternarcotics assistance

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 6 | Opponent: Dominion PW | Judge: Alex Holguin

1NC Case

Oil

Physical limits make growth unsustainable—computer modeling proves
MacKenzie, ’12 ~1/10/2012, Deborah MacKenzie is a science consultant for New Scientist magazine, and#34;Boom and doom: Revisiting prophecies of collapseand#34;, The New Scientist, http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21328462.100-boom-and-doom-revisiting-prophecies-of-collapse.html~~
World3 was developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The team took what was
AND
He concluded that reality so far closely matches the standard run of World3.

Growth causes environmental collapse and extinction
Speth, ’08 ~2008, James Gustave Speth served as President Jimmy Carter’s White
AND
Capitalism, the Environment, and Crossing from Crisis to Sustainabilityand#34;, Ebrary~
The escalating processes of climate disruption, biotic impoverishment, and toxification that continue despite
AND
modern capitalism, in each case seeking to identify the transformative changes needed.

Collapse spurs a social learning process towards sustainability 
Kassiola, ’03 ~2003, Joel Jay Kassiola, Behavioral Sciences Dean @ SFSD, and#34;Explorations in environmental political theoryand#34;, M.E. Sharpe, p. 192-197~
I propose that this understanding of the concept of and#34;despair,and#34; and how it
AND
of its living species, demonstrating the surprising value and necessity of despair.

Growth causes wars and extinction within a decade
Chase-Dunn, ’96 ~January 1996, Christopher Chase-Dunn is a distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Institute for Research on World-Systems, and#34;Conflict Among Core States: World-System Cycles and Trendsand#34;, 23 January 1996, http://wsarch.ucr.edu/archive/papers/c-d26hall/warprop.htm~~
Note-figure omitted
Late in the K-wave upswing (i.e. in the 2020s
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war). Boswell and Sweat call this the and#34;resource theory of war.and#34; 

China

Chinese influence in Latin America is a key to their soft power
Dowd ’12 (Alan. Senior Analyst at the American Security Council. and#34;Countering China’s Reach in Latin Americaand#34; 2012. http://www.ascfusa.org/content_pages/view/crisisinamericas)
The JFQ study adds that China has and#34;an important and growing presence in the
AND
China’s neighborhood, China is developing trade and military ties in America’s neighborhood.

Chinese international influence is an existential impact – it controls every scenario for extinction 
Zhang ’12
~Prof of Diplomacy and IR at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. and#34;The Rise of China’s Political Softpowerand#34; 9/4/12 http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/04/content_26421330.htm ~
As China plays an increasingly significant role in the world, its soft power must
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As the China model improves, it will continue to surprise the world.

The call for Eurocentric globalization is founded on an oppressive mentality designed to assimilate diverse cultural histories into a system of capital and labor. Whites are granted a profound advantage in the contrived hierarchy of race based on the control of knowledge and knowledge production.
Quijano 2k ~Ph.D f

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bronx Science KS | Judge: Josh Reisman

Case

a. the aff’s resistance is solicited by capital and plays back into the surplus enjoyment that forms the system.
Zizek 2001
~Slavoj, On Belief (Thinking in Action), New York City: Routledge, 2001, 20-2uwyo-ajl~
The reference to capitalism is here deliberate and crucial: the late capitalism, the
AND
some deceptive substance only by magically spinning itself into an excess of itself). 

b. The stain of enjoyment turns any chance of actual change
Zizek ’92 ~Slavoj, Enjoy Your Symptom21 Jacques Lacan in Hollywood and Out, New York City: Routledge, 1992, 22uwyo-ajl~
However, as is indicated in Lacan’s above-quoted reading of the dream of
AND
is perhaps what gives a clue to so-called "primal masochism. 

Their flawed conception of race only reifies normative racial historicity – turns case
Seshadri-Crooks 2k (Kalpana, Boston College, Desiring Whiteness: A Lacanian Analysis of Race, p. 6-9)LA
I am suggesting two things: first, the order of racial difference attempts to
AND
of power in order to mine the depth of subjective investment in it.

Turn—Essentialism
a. Environmental Justice is essentialist—applies universal ideas assumptions and presumes a fixed biological notion of race
Yamamoto and Lyman, ’01 ~Spring 2001, Eric K. Yamamoto is a Professor of Law and Regents’ Medalist for Excellence in Teaching and Jen-L. W. Lyman, Vice President of the First Hawaiian Bank Personal Trust Division, "Racializing Environmental Justice", 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 311, Lexis~
Finally, the established framework tends to assume that all racial and indigenous groups,
AND
courts and environmental justice scholars make this simplifying assumption about race and culture. 

b. Means the aff doesn’t solve—EJ focus divorces race from its social factors—this is an act of racial avoidance
Yamamoto and Lyman, ’01 ~Spring 2001, Eric K. Yamamoto is a Professor of Law and Regents’ Medalist for Excellence in Teaching and Jen-L. W. Lyman, Vice President of the First Hawaiian Bank Personal Trust Division, "Racializing Environmental Justice", 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 311, Lexis~
 What O’Neill identifies and what is missing from many other commentators’ accounts is an
AND
examination of either racial history or the current racial disparities of society." 140

The aff’s mechanism for resolving EJ ignores and reinforces the structural causes of EJ—the idea that single government actions of redistributive justice can rectify years of sitting policies and pollution is naïve—government actions will only be built via exclusion
Yamamoto and Lyman, ’01 ~Spring 2001, Eric K. Yamamoto is a Professor of Law and Regents’ Medalist for Excellence in Teaching and Jen-L. W. Lyman, Vice President of the First Hawaiian Bank Personal Trust Division, "Racializing Environmental Justice", 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 311, Lexis~
The established framework also assumes that fair distribution of physical burdens is the primary,
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, social, and cultural context and power disparities within a community. 61 

Technology functions as a white mythology—the ideals of enlightenment, progress, and western superiority are intimately tied to technological progress 
Dinerstein, ’06 ~Septermber 2006, Joel Dinerstein is an Assistant Professor of English at Tulane University , "Technology and Its Discontents: On the Verge of the Posthuman" American Quarterly, Volume 58, Number 3, pp. 569-570~
Immediately after 9/11, a Middle East correspondent for The Nation summarized the
AND
hope to have shown that the posthuman is an escape from the panhuman.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Appleton East BB | Judge: Matt Carswell

Case

Adv 1

The construction of the imminent pandemic security threat replicates racist, imperialist fears of foreign bodies.
Schell, ’97 ~1997, Heather Schell, Outburst21 A Chilling Story About Emerging Virus Narratives and Pandemic Social Change Configurations 5.1, pp. 93-133~
I would like to examine the significance of our current fascination with viruses within the
AND
general prejudice that we would otherwise find inexcusable as well as politically untenable. 

The only acceptable policy option is a rejection of racism.
Memmi 2k Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris 2000 Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165

The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

Adv 2

Their authors presume and utilize western identities to describe China—that makes conflict inevitable
Pan, ’04 ~Chengxin, PhD Poli. Sci. and Int’l Relations @ Australian Nat’l U, "The "China Threat" in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics," in Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 29~
Having examined how the "China threat" literature is enabled by and serves the
AND
character, China would now automatically constitute a threat to the United States.

Hegemony is UNSUSTAINABLE and only serves to JUSTIFY domestic racism by keeping the oppressed at the brink of starvation.\
MARSHALL Research Assc with the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG) ,’010
Andrew Gavin-currently studying Political Economy and History @ Simon Fraser University; War, Racism and the Empire of Poverty:  When Empire Hits Home, Part 1; GLOBAL RESEARCH, March 22;
www.globalresearch.ca/PrintArticle.php?articleld=18263

Thus, the American Empire is in decline, spending itself into utter debt and
AND
the ruling group against its own subjects and its object is not the victory

Hegemony fails—lack of legitimacy means material power is decoupled from effective influence
Maher, ’11 ~Winter 2011, Richard Maher, Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science department at Brown University, "The Paradox of American Unipolarity: Why the United States May Be Better Off in a Post-Unipolar World," Orbis, Vol. 55, No. 1, p. 53-68~
And yet, despite this material preeminence, the United States sees its political and
AND
how best to position itself in the "post-unipolar" world.

Hegemonic stability theory is academic garbage—their evidence relies on policy hubris
Fettweis, ’11 ~September, 2011, Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, "The Superpower as Superhero: Hubris in U.S. Foreign Policy", http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902154~~
First, the hegemonic-stability argument shows the classic symptom of hubris: It
AND
They will participate at times in our adventures, but minimally and reluctantly. 

Nanotech is bad-

1) extinction 
Snyder, 10 – Stanford University School of Medicine Professor (Michael, "Mind Control? Scientists Have Discovered How To Use Nanoparticles To Remotely Control Behavior21", July 12, Inteldaily; http://inteldaily.com/2010/07/mind-control-scientists-have-discovered-how-to-use-nanoparticles-to-remotely-control-behavior/)//VP
Are we moving into a time when the extraordinary advances that have been made in
AND
behavior. Think of what just one terrorist could do with such technology. 

2) Grey goo = extinction
Keiper 3 ~Adam Keiper, managing editor of The New Atlantis, "The Nanotechnology Revolution" The New Atlantis July 1 2003cc~
The health and environmental threats posed by mainstream nanotech are far less frightening than the
AND
single replicating assembler of the wrong kind be loosed on an unprepared world.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kinkaid RR | Judge: Daniel Abbas

Case

Normative discourse reinstates the harms of the status quo by making us spectators of political life – it doesn’t solve anything, but only paralyzes resistance
MITCHELL, prof communications University of Pittsburgh, 95
Gordon Mitchell, Univ. of Pittsburgh Communications prof, "REFLEXIVE FIAT: INCORPORATING THE OUTWARD ACTIVIST TURN INTO CONTEST STRATEGY", paper presented to the 1995 SCA National Convention
One problem with approaches to fiat which feature such a structural separation between advocate and
AND
advocacy and the action by external actors defended in plan or counterplan mandates.

The construction of the imminent pandemic security threat replicates racist, imperialist fears of foreign bodies.
Schell, ’97 ~1997, Heather Schell, Outburst21 A Chilling Story About Emerging Virus Narratives and Pandemic Social Change Configurations 5.1, pp. 93-133~
I would like to examine the significance of our current fascination with viruses within the
AND
general prejudice that we would otherwise find inexcusable as well as politically untenable. 

The only acceptable policy option is a rejection of racism.
Memmi 2k Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris 2000 Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165

The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

Nanotech is bad-
1) extinction 
Snyder, 10 – Stanford University School of Medicine Professor (Michael, "Mind Control? Scientists Have Discovered How To Use Nanoparticles To Remotely Control Behavior21", July 12, Inteldaily; http://inteldaily.com/2010/07/mind-control-scientists-have-discovered-how-to-use-nanoparticles-to-remotely-control-behavior/)//VP
Are we moving into a time when the extraordinary advances that have been made in
AND
behavior. Think of what just one terrorist could do with such technology. 

2) Grey goo = extinction
Keiper 3 ~Adam Keiper, managing editor of The New Atlantis, "The Nanotechnology Revolution" The New Atlantis July 1 2003cc~
The health and environmental threats posed by mainstream nanotech are far less frightening than the
AND
single replicating assembler of the wrong kind be loosed on an unprepared world.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kinkaid RR | Judge: Daniel Abbas

1NC 1

Farm bill will pass but it’s very close —- impact is food price spikes
Reuters 11/11/13, "U.S. Congress has about 50/50 chance of passing farm bill in 2013 –analyst," http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/12/usa-agriculture-farm-bill-idUSL2N0IX01T20131112
Nov 11 (Reuters) - The chances of the U.S. Congress
AND
parity" which led to sharply higher guaranteed crop prices, Flinchbaugh said.

Nanotech is controversial – empirics prove
Piper 13 – Freelance Journalist (Arthur, "The Big Risk of Small Particles: The Threats and Promise of Nanotechnology", Risk Management Magazine, 4/9/2013, http://www.rmmagazine.com/2013/04/09/the-big-risk-of-small-particles-the-threats-and-promise-of-nanotechnology/)//BD
 "Until risk assessment for nanomaterials is validated and fit-for-purpose
AND
. Everywhere it is found, this tiny technology seems to cause trouble.

PC is key —- overcomes partisanship
Josh Lederman 10/18/13, reporter for the Associated Press, and Jim Kuhnhenn, "No safe bets for Obama despite toned-down agenda," US News and World Report, http://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2013/10/18/no-safe-bets-for-obama-despite-toned-down-agenda
WASHINGTON (AP) — Regrouping after a feud with Congress stalled his agenda,
AND
the year if our focus is on what’s good for the American people."

New farm bill key to prevent a food price spike
Nelson 10/17/13 ~Joe Nelson, writer for WEAU news, "Obama, ag industry waiting for new Farm bill," http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/Obama-ag-industry-waiting-for-new-Farm-Bill-228259521.html~~
With the government shutdown over, farmers are still waiting for a deal to be
AND
could cut down profits or even force some farmers to quit or retire.

Farm bill’s key to advances in biofuels—-stable policy and funding are vital 
Sustainable Business 11/6/13, "Farm Bill is Back, Will Renewable Energy Be Included?," http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/25339
While we don’t often think of the farm-renewable energy connection, under the
AND
stable policies that support clean energy manufacturing and innovation," the letter says. 

Farm bill renewables grants are key to the Navy’s Great Green Fleet 
Tina Casey 12, specializes in military and corporate sustainability, advanced technology, emerging materials, biofuels, and water and wastewater issues for Clean Technica, 8/27/12, "Farmers in Cahoots with Navy Biofuel Mission," http://cleantechnica.com/2012/08/27/chemtex-gets-usda-loan-for-biofuel-plant-in-north-carolina/~~23OdGkBwbQVPdqPi7r.99
When Republican leadership in Congress tried to torpedo the U.S. Navy’s ambitious
AND
this summer, and a full Great Green Fleet is planned for 2016.

GGF’s key to U.S. clean tech leadership 
Peter Lehner 12, Executive Director of the Natural Resources Defense Council, 7/31/12, "Navy Launches Great Green Fleet, Powered by Biofuels," http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/plehner/navy_launches_great_green_flee.html
The U.S. Navy launched its Great Green Fleet recently at RIMPAC,
AND
grown, low-carbon biofuels that provide maximum benefits for all Americans. 

Extinction
Louis Klarevas 9, Professor for Center for Global Affairs @ New York University, 12/15, "Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html
As national leaders from around the world are gathering in Copenhagen, Denmark, to
AND
. needs to become green energy dominant as opposed to black energy independent. 

Extinction outweighs everything else—every other impact is included in and outweighed by ours
YUDKOWSKY 6 (Eliezer, Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, "Cognitive biases potentially affecting judgment of global risks," forthcoming in Global Catastrophic Risks, August 31)

In addition to standard biases, I have personally observed what look like harmful modes
AND
feel our future. All I can do is try to defend it.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lane Tech College Pre WK | Judge: Dwaine Hemphill
Gradual reforms now – key to a stable transition
Piccone 13 (Ted Piccone¶ Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Foreign Policy, Brookings Institute, "Time to Bet on Cuba" March 18, 2013 http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/01/opening-to-havana)
Under Castro, the Cuban government has undertaken important reforms to modernize and liberalize the
AND
evidence that the Castro generation is looking forward to securing a viable legacy.

Lifting the Embargo would pressure Cuba for rapid reforms 
Cave, 12 – foreign correspondent for The New York Times, based in Mexico City and has a B.A. from Boston College and an M.S. from Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism (Damien, "Easing of Restraints in Cuba Renews Debate on U.S. Embargo", NY Times, 11/19/12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/world/americas/changes-in-cuba-create-support-for-easing-embargo.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0)
Still, in a country where Cubans "resolve" their way around government restrictions
AND
the 1950s. "There is a lot of work to be done."

Slow change key to Cuban reform - avoids rapid regime collapse
Feinberg 11 - professor of international political economy at UC San Dieg, nonresident senior fellow with the Latin America Initiative at Brookings (Richard E., "Reaching Out: Cuba’s New Economy and the International Response", November, Brookings, http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/research/files/papers/2011/11/1820cuba20feinberg/1118_cuba_feinberg.pdf)
Gradualism: Gradualism in economic reform—as opposed to an Eastern European-style
AND
policy paralysis or a smoke-screen for maintenance of the status quo.

Rapid change risks Cuban civil war
Feinberg 11 - professor of international political economy at UC San Dieg, nonresident senior fellow with the Latin America Initiative at Brookings (Richard E., "Reaching Out: Cuba’s New Economy and the International Response", November, Brookings, http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/research/files/papers/2011/11/1820cuba20feinberg/1118_cuba_feinberg.pdf)
Some in the United States have long supported severe sanctions  intended to starve the Cuban
AND
to quell a bloody civil  war and halt a mass exodus of refugees.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Appleton East BB | Judge: Matt Carswell

DA

Obama will secure short-term relief from new sanctions - this week is key – solves Iranian prolif 
PTI 11-13-13 ("New sanctions risk war with Iran: US," http://www.indianexpress.com/news/new-sanctions-risk-war-with-iran-us/1194450/2, CMR) 

 The White House has warned lawmakers that tightening sanctions on Iran could push the
AND
Senate agreed to delay further action to allow diplomacy a chance to succeed.

Nanotech is controversial – empirics prove
Piper 13 – Freelance Journalist (Arthur, "The Big Risk of Small Particles: The Threats and Promise of Nanotechnology", Risk Management Magazine, 4/9/2013, http://www.rmmagazine.com/2013/04/09/the-big-risk-of-small-particles-the-threats-and-promise-of-nanotechnology/)//BD
 "Until risk assessment for nanomaterials is validated and fit-for-purpose
AND
. Everywhere it is found, this tiny technology seems to cause trouble.

PC is key 
Leverett 11-7-13 (Flynt, senior fellow at the New America Foundation in Washington, D.C. and a professor at the Pennsylvania State University School of International Affairs, and Hillary Mann Leverett, EO of Strategic Energy and Global Analysis (STRATEGA), a political risk consultancy, "America’s moment of truth about Iran," http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/11/07/333513/americas-moment-of-truth-about-iran/, CMR) 

America can also fail Iran’s test if it is unable to provide comprehensive sanctions relief
AND
standing as a great power depends significantly on his readiness to do so. 

Global nuclear war in a month if talks fail – US sanctions will wreck diplomacy
Press TV 11/13 "Global nuclear conflict between US, Russia, China likely if Iran talks fail", http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/11/13/334544/global-nuclear-war-likely-if-iran-talks-fail/

A global conflict between the US, Russia, and China is likely in the
AND
taking away sanctions. We are not rolling them back," Psaki added.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: Bloomington Jefferson DG | Judge: Megan West
The affirmative’s use of stance represents ableist language – vote negative to fulfill your obligation an educator and reject it
Ben-Moshe, ’06 ~Liat Ben-Moshe, Spring 2006, Volume 26, No. 2, Disability Studies Quarterly, "Infusing Disability in the Curriculum: The Case of Saramago’s Blindness", http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/688/865~~
Using blindness as metaphor in novels reinforces a precarious duality: 1) the perception
AND
what are we missing when we use disability merely as a rhetorical tool?

The impact comes first – ableist language promotes a model of exclusion that is detrimental to our community
Wheelchair Dancer, 4/28/8 ("On Making Argument: Disability and Language", http://cripwheels.blogspot.com/2008/04/on-making-argument-disability-and.html Accessed: 4/8/12)
If you are feeling a little bit of resistance, here, I’d ask you
AND
systems of oppression that motivated us to speak out in the first place.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: Bloomington Jefferson DG | Judge: Megan West
The oppression of different groups of humans seen in both the slave trade was conceived and perfected in humanity’s subjugation of other animals – their genealogy misdiagnoses and conceals the root of the problem
Dr. Steven Best ’7 ~Associate Professor, Departments of Humanities and Philosophy, University of Texas, El Paso. Reviewing: Charles Patterson, The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust New York: Lantern Books, 2002, 280 pp., Journal of Critical Animal Studies, Vol 5, Issue 2~
The Origins of Hierarchy  "As long as men massacre animals, they will kill
AND
, they treat other people like animals and do the same to them."  

Whether the conquerors are European imperialists, American colonialists, or German Nazis, western
AND
common sense" consent to human supremacism and the ongoing pogrom against animals. 

This "silence" on oppression of other species is the dominant characteristic of anthropocentrism in movements to liberate the oppressed – without considering the more than human world, the expansion of liberties merely becomes the expansion of the exploitation of nature – this turns their project by replicating spiciest hierarchies that constitute white supremacy
Anne C. Bell and Constance L. Russell 2K ~*Faculty of Environmental Studies @ York University, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, "Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn", Canadian Journal of Education, http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE25-3/CJE25-3.pdf~~23page=22~~
We come to critical pedagogy with a background in environmental thought and education. Of
AND
Selby, 1995, pp. 17–20; Spiegel, 1988). 

The logic of human domination naturalizes oppression and recreates hierarchies.
Ahkin, 10 – (Melanie Ahkin, Monash University, 2010, "Human Centrism, Animist Materialism, and the Critique of Rationalism in Val Plumwood’s Critical Ecological Feminism," Emergent Australian Philosophers, a peer reviewed journal of philosophy, http://www.eap.philosophy-australia.com/archives.html DH)
The five key features of dualism’s "logic of domination" are as follows:
AND
of its constituents as interchangeable and replaceable resources for the dominant group.10

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Appleton East BB | Judge: Matt Carswell

K

The way the US engages with Latin America frames it as a playground for the elite to commit violence – that makes imperialistic violence, war and destruction inevitable
Grandin 06 (Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism,  Greg Grandin,  Macmillan, May 2, 2006 –BRW)
The ARGENTINE WRITER Jorge Luis Borges once remarked that the lack of camels in the
AND
in the Cold War, of which Central America was the tragic endgame. 

The Alternative is to embrace a geography of resistance through dispossession
Sparke 08 (Matthew Sparke published may of 2008 Political geography – political geographies of globalization III: resistance * Department of Geography, Box 353550, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/pqrl/docview/230709084/13EE75FEC2A14F99E92/1?accountid=14667 – BRW)

 Writing on the geography of resistance is especially indicative of the widened field of
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do political as well as analytical work’ (Hart, 2006: 988) 

Normative discourse reinstates the harms of the status quo by making us spectators of political life – it doesn’t solve anything, but only paralyzes resistance
MITCHELL, prof communications University of Pittsburgh, 95
Gordon Mitchell, Univ. of Pittsburgh Communications prof, "REFLEXIVE FIAT: INCORPORATING THE OUTWARD ACTIVIST TURN INTO CONTEST STRATEGY", paper presented to the 1995 SCA National Convention
One problem with approaches to fiat which feature such a structural separation between advocate and
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advocacy and the action by external actors defended in plan or counterplan mandates.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: Bloomington Jefferson DG | Judge: Megan West

K

The intellectualization of the 1AC is no more than a projection of responsibility—-the
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Society, Psychoanalysis and Ecology at the Edge of Chaos, p 48~
The split can also take the form of an intellectualization, separating abstract awareness of
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daunting and terrifying environmental problems ... with manageable and entertaining pseudo-environmentalism.

Their presentation of the 1AC in a debate round is a safe transgression that only maintains the very structures they criticize—-more effective change comes from alternative sources—Ideology sustains itself by constructing spaces of false disidentification to convince us that we’re challenging it, when in reality our transgression through those forums sustains the very ideology it claims to reject
Stavrakakis ’12 ~August 2012, Yannis, Associate Professor at the School of Political Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "SYMPOSIUM: FANTASY AND MARKETS: Beyond the Spirits of Capitalism? Prohibition, Enjoyment, and Social Change", Cardozo Law Review 33 Cardozo L. Rev. 2289, http://www.cardozolawreview.com/content/33-6/Stavrakakis.33-6.pdf~~
If, today, the battle between austerity and spending, the return of ascetic
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charting an alternative course beyond the short-circuit present in such cases.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 1 | Opponent: Capitol HP | Judge: Jordana Sternberg

K

The call for Eurocentric globalization is founded on an oppressive mentality designed to assimilate diverse cultural histories into a system of capital and labor. Whites are granted a profound advantage in the contrived hierarchy of race based on the control of knowledge and knowledge production.
Quijano 2k ~Ph.D from the National University of San Marcos, he was a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Social Sciences of San Marcos, he currently teaches as a Professor of the Department of Sociology at Binghamton University, and#34;Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism, and Latin Americaand#34;, Nepantla: Views from South 1.3, http://www.unc.edu/~~aescobar/wan/wanquijano.pdf
What is termed globalization is the culmination of a process that began with the constitution
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culture, and especially knowledge and the production of knowledge under its hegemony.

The alternative is to produce insurrections of subjugated knowledges – such as discourse against white supremacist power structures, which are invisible to mainstream perspectives
Jose Medina, 2011, Vanderbilt University, Toward Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance, Pg. 11 - 12, http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/philosophy/_people/faculty_files/_medinafoucaultstudies.pdf-http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/philosophy/_people/faculty_files/_medinafoucaultstudies.pdf

Subjugated knowledges remain invisible to mainstream perspectives; they have a precarious subterranean existence that
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genealogical approach specifically critical is its capacity to facilitate insurrections of subjugated knowledges.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Appleton East BB | Judge: Matt Carswell

T

"Engagement" requires direct talks with the target government – both governments must be involved
Crocker 9 – Chester Crocker, Professor of Strategic Studies at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Former Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, "Terms of Engagement", New York Times, 9-13, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/14/opinion/14crocker.html?_r=0
PRESIDENT OBAMA will have a hard time achieving his foreign policy goals until he masters
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realistic options and, hence, to modify its policies and its behavior.

Tournament: Georgetown | Round: 1 | Opponent: Capitol HP | Judge: Jordana Sternberg

1NC T

Engagement requires the provision of positive incentives
Haass 00 – Richard Haass 26 Meghan O’Sullivan, Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program, Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy, p. 1-2

The term engagement was popularized amid the controversial policy of constructive engagement pursued by the
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shape the behavior of countries with which the United States has important disagreements.

That means the plan must be a quid-pro-quo
De LaHunt 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health 26 Safety Services in Colorado College’s Facilities Services department (John, and#34;Perverse and unintendedand#34; Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct)

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
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run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: Bloomington Jefferson DG | Judge: Megan West

F/W

Ideological systems are made up of both presences and absences. What is absent, unmarked, the UNSPOKEN, the UNSAYABLE becomes positively marked as the ASSUMED NORM.
Dr. Crenshaw ’97 Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala. Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION; Resisting Whiteness’ Rhetorical Silence; 61(3), Summer; pp. 253-278.

This analysis brings into focus several observations about how whiteness operates rhetorically and ideologically in
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the ideology of white privilege "works" through rhetorical silence about whiteness.

Roleplaying is Bad – divorces us from agency. 
An affirmation of the USFG is a privileged narcissism that abdicates political responsibility in favor of political apathy. 
Dr. Crenshaw ’97 Prof of Speech Comm @ Univ. Ala. Carrie-PhD. USC; former director of debate @ Univ. of Ala.; WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION; Resisting Whiteness’ Rhetorical Silence; 61(3), Summer; pp. 253-278. 

Another difficulty related to talking about race is what Alcoff has called "the problem
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and political work of resisting racism is left solely to people of color.

Impact is Monoculturalism.
Debate becomes useless as a tool of liberation. Debate either recognizes the pluralistic nature of its community or debate becomes extinct itself. 
Valdivia-Sutherland ’98
Prof and Director of Forensics @Butte Community College 1998
Cynthia-Celebrating Differences:  Successfully Diversifying Forensics Programs; National Communication Association’s 84th Annual Meeting, November 22; http://www.phirhopi.org/phi-rho-pi/spts/spkrpts05.2/sutherland.htm, A Multicultural Communicative Style
Although the foundation of forensics events may have been grounded in the ancient rhetoric of
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, and for us. Now, let the celebration of differences begin21

Tournament: Barkley Forum | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ft Lauderdale CM | Judge: Kevin Weisner
Interpretation – toward means in the direction of
Michigan Supreme Court 1914 ~Michigan Reports: Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of Michigan, Volume 180, Google Books~
Under 3 Comp. Laws, § 11510 (5 How. Stat. ~
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toward" means in a course or line leading in the direction of.