Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Tulsa Union GS | Judge: 

T

A. Interpretation: Topical affirmatives must expand ECONOMIC ties toward the target country—
Celik ‘11. Arda Can Celik. MA Politics and Intl Studies, Uppsala University. “Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies.” Pg. 11
Economic engagement is limited to increasing TRADE and FINANCIAL benefits—anything else explodes the topic and undermines preparedness for ALL debates
Haass and O’Sullivan ‘2K. Richard Haass and Meghan O’Sullivan, Senior Fellows @ the Brookings Institution Foreign Policy Studies Program. “Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy.” Pg. 5-6

Neolib

Movements in Latin America are successfully producing alternatives to global neoliberalism – the plan’s economic imposition crushes these spaces of resistance, reducing the globe to a single, monocultural economic model
Vattimo and Zabala 11
(Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)

Interactions between peripheral countries and center countries in capitalism forces the transfer of values- advanced countries grow rich as growing countries become impoverished.
Hoogvelt ’97 – (Ankie- sociologist and former senior lecturer in sociology at Sheffield University, Globalization and the Postcolonial World: the New Political Economy of Development, 2nd edition, The Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 40-41)

Neoliberal market logic threatens all of humanity with destruction. Capitalism will demand ever-escalating self-sacrifice to maintain its total control.
Santos 03
Leading Portuguese social theorist, the director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra 2k3 (Boaventura de Sousa “Collective Suicide?” http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html) According to Franz 

Cooperation with Latin America fails because of colonialism. The aff’s attempt at engagement will fail until they address the issues of poverty and power relations in Latin America.
Hall ‘10–(Gregory O.-  department chair of Political Science at Morehouse College, research focus on international political economy, foreign policy, and international relations and security, “The New North-South Dealignment in International Relations and the Impact on Regional and Global Affairs,” chapter 5 in Eternal Colonialism, edited by Russell Benjamin and Gregory O. Hall, 2010 p. 99-100)

The alternative – the judge should vote negative to reject neoliberal knowledge production and endorse globalization from below

Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements
Choi, Murphy, and Caro 4
Jung Min, John W, Manuel J, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9

Politics

SAME AS VAN QUARTERS

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Berkner | Judge: Drew Marshall

POLITICS

A. Uniqueness- Boehner currently has a weak grasp on the voting block of the republic party.
O’Brien, Michael, August 1, 2013
http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/08/01/19818215-boehner-backs-short-term-measure-to-avoid-government-shutdown?lite
B. Link- Aff's plan is seen as a win for the Obama Administration and a new form of spending. This gives the Republicans a reason to force a government shutdown.
Alex Isenstadt, July 26, 2013 http://www.politico.com/story/2013/07/debt-ceiling-continuing-resolution-fiscal-armageddon-congress-94785.html
2. Republicans agree government shutdown would be better than ObamaCare and your plans creates a rallying point for midterms
Bolton July 23, 2013 Alexander Bolton, “Government shutdown looms over ObamaCare,” July 23, 2013, Accessed August 22, 2013, http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/312727-shutdown-looms-over-obamacare
C. Internal link- Failure to reach a consensus on debt fights risks a government shutdown on September 30th.
The Hill 8/20 Molly K. Hooper, “House Republicans might call for vote on ‘clean’ hike to borrowing limit” The Hill. http://thehill.com/house-archive/317811-house-gop-might-call-for-vote-on-clean-debt-ceiling-hike
Due to past cuts on mental health services, hundreds of Native Americans are suffering. Shut down of the government pushes the program to collapse.
Morales September 12, 2013 Laurel G. Morales, “For Native Americans, Mental Health Budget Cuts Hit Hard,” September 12, 2013, http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/09/12/221408312/for-native-americans-mental-health-budget-cuts-hit-hard, Accessed September 13, 2013
Destruction of Native culture will spill over to elimination of others
Churchill 1997 (Ward, Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado at Boulder,  A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the present, p. 346)

COUNTERPLAN

The United States federal government should remove the sanction that prevents the licensing of American oil companies to participate in the development of Cuba’s energy resources on October 1st, 2013. 

NEOLIBERALISM

Movements in Latin America are successfully producing alternatives to global neoliberalism – the plan’s economic imposition crushes these spaces of resistance, reducing the globe to a single, monocultural economic model
Vattimo and Zabala 11
(Gianni, Prof. of Theoretical Philosophy @ U of Turin, Santiago, Prof. of Philosophy @ U of Barcelona, Hermeneutic Communism, pgs. 124-131)

Interactions between peripheral countries and center countries in capitalism forces the transfer of values- advanced countries grow rich as growing countries become impoverished.
Hoogvelt ’97 – (Ankie- sociologist and former senior lecturer in sociology at Sheffield University, Globalization and the Postcolonial World: the New Political Economy of Development, 2nd edition, The Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 40-41)

Neoliberal market logic threatens all of humanity with destruction. Capitalism will demand ever-escalating self-sacrifice to maintain its total control.
Santos 03
Leading Portuguese social theorist, the director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra 2k3 (Boaventura de Sousa “Collective Suicide?” http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html) According to Franz 

Cooperation with Latin America fails because of colonialism. The aff’s attempt at engagement will fail until they address the issues of poverty and power relations in Latin America.
Hall ‘10–(Gregory O.-  department chair of Political Science at Morehouse College, research focus on international political economy, foreign policy, and international relations and security, “The New North-South Dealignment in International Relations and the Impact on Regional and Global Affairs,” chapter 5 in Eternal Colonialism, edited by Russell Benjamin and Gregory O. Hall, 2010 p. 99-100)

The alternative – the judge should vote negative to reject neoliberal knowledge production and endorse globalization from below

Refusing neoliberalism’s hegemonic control over knowledge production is essential within the space of this debate – the alternative aligns the ballot with Latin American resistance movements
Choi, Murphy, and Caro 4
Jung Min, John W, Manuel J, Professor of Sociology SDSU, Professor of Sociology University of Miami, Professor of Sociology Barry University, Globalization with a Human Face,  pg. 6-9

OIL SPILLS

If they beat our resiliency claims, then legal remedies can’t solve oil spills – paradigm shift key
Craig 11 “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: ¶ A Match Made in Hell”, Robin Kundis Craig, Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, 12/20/2011, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW

Litany of alt causes
Bruno 10, associate professor UNC Chapel Hill, John F., May 3, “Biodiversity Loss Continues Unabated Despite International Efforts”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-f-bruno/biodiversity-loss-continu_b_561699.html
CHINA

No China conflict – no military use
Aliison and Blackwill 13 -- *director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and Douglas Dillon Professor at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government AND Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations (Graham and Robert, 1/28/2013, "Beijing Still Prefers Diplomacy Over Force," http://www.cfr.org/china/beijing-still-prefers-diplomacy-over-force/p29892)

-- Chinese leadership will pull back
Ross 1 (Robert S., Professor of Political Science – Boston College, The National Interest, Fall, Lexis)

-- History proves no risk of China war – their cards are all hype
Dyer 9 (Gwynne, Ph.D. in War Studies – University of London and Board of Governors – Canada’s Royal Military College, “China Unlikely to Engage in Military Confrontation”, Jakarta Post, 4-29,
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2005/03/12/china-unlikely-engage-military-confrontation.html)

Tournament: Hallsville | Round: 1 | Opponent: Midway BH | Judge: 

T

• • Interp - Topical affirmatives must expand ECONOMIC ties toward the target country—
    Celik ‘11. Arda Can Celik. MA Politics and Intl Studies, Uppsala University. “Economic Sanctions and Engagement Policies.” Pg. 11 

K

Capitalism is the hidden systemic backdrop to the 1AC’s politics. Despite their proclamations of radical resistance, the affirmative is trading in the politics of interpassivity, where all their frenetic energy serves as an ideological screen to permit the logic of capital to march on.
Zizek 02—Professor of Philosophy @ Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana Slavoj, “Revolution at the Gates”, pg 167-172

Small tactical shifts in posture will be used by capitalist imperialists to strong-arm Cuba into accepting neoliberal globalization.
Nahem, coordinator of Cuba Solidarity New York, ’10 Ike, “Obama and Cuba: End of an Illusion”, March 16th, http://dissidentvoice.org/2010/03/obama-and-cuba-end-of-an-illusion/

Capitalism causes endless war and the creation of death zones globally, and especially in Latin America. The world of peace promised by the affirmative is a mask for capitalism’s continual production of death, dispossession, and violence as a condition of its existence.
Banerjee, professor at the international graduate school of business at the University of South Australia, 2008 Subhabrata, Necrocapitalism, Organization Studies 2008 29: 1541 

Just like the aff, voting neg means more than imagining the adoption of a simple policy The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of solidarity with revolutionary struggle against capitalism.  Voting negative is a refusal of the tepid half-measures of the 1AC in favor of clearing the space for a truly just and equitable society. As activist-scholars we have an obligation to uncover subjugated knowledge hidden by capitalism
Marcuse, German Philosopher and Professor at Columbia and Harvard, 1969 (Herbert, member of the Frankfurt School, An Essay on Liberation, p. 85-91) *GENDER MODIFIED

Only Voting Neg Solves: No Permutation can avoid human extinction because The Logic of Capital buries our history making it impossible to conceive of authentic political change
Mészáros 07
Mészáros, István, author of Socialism or Barbarism: From the "American Century" to the Crossroads, Beyond Capital: Toward a Theory of Transition, and The Challenge and Burden of Historical Time: Socialism in the Twenty-First Century, The Monthly Review, April 2007

CHINA DA

A) China economic influence in Latin America is gaining massive momentum but can still be disrupted
Sarmiento-Saher 13
Sebastian, “China and Latin America: Big Business and Big Competition” http://thediplomat.com/china-power/china-and-latin-america-big-business-and-big-competition/ March 14 mtc 

B) Plan shuts out China—economic relations in Latin America are zero sum
Watson 7—strategy professor @ National War College
Cynthia, “China’s Presence in Latin America” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/EnterDragonFinal.pdf

C) Crowding out China destabilizes Latin America and hurts the US
Xiaoxia 2013
(Wang; In America's Backyard: China's Rising Influence in Latin America; May 6; www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/; kdf)

D) Instability causes Extinction
Manwaring ‘5 (Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel and an Adjunct Professor of International Politics at Dickinson College, venezuela’s hugo chávez, bolivarian socialism, and asymmetric warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf)

Counterplan

Counterplan: The United States federal government should lift all restrictions on trade towards Cuba and establish smart sanctions targeting travel restrictions.
Smart sanctions protect citizens while allowing the US to penalize who we want—Iran proves
Jose W. Fernandez, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, July 25, 2012, http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/rm/2012/196875.htm  RF 

Biodiverstiy

A) Environment disad - Removing trade sanctions opens the floodgate to Cuban pesticide usage. Pesticide runoff leads to widespread coral bleaching- that leads to extinction 

Wood ‘10
Kathleen Wood. Director of the Department of Environmental and Maritime Affairs of the Turks and Caicos Island. November 2010. “Environemntal Impact of Landscaping In The Princess Alexandra Park”. FP Turks and Caicos. http://www.fptci.com/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=1982:environmental-impact-of-landscaping-in-the-princess-alexandra-national-parkandcatid=34:environmentandItemid=75.

And, B) Loss of Coral Reefs leads to mass extinction
Worldwatch Institute ’13 “Coral Reef Loss Suggests Global Extinction Event”, http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5960

C.) Cuban biodiversity loss spills over—Atlantic migration patterns are decimated-also leads to extinction

Cohn ‘10
Jeffrey Cohn. Science writer. February 2010. “Opening Doors to Research in Cuba”. BioScience 60:2. Pgs 96-100.

Oncase

The plan’s policy of economic engagement ignores brutal political oppression
Walser, Senior Policy Analyst specializing in Latin America at The Heritage Foundation, and Zuckerman, Policy Analyst specializing in Latin America at the Heritage Foundation, 12 (Ray, veteran Foreign Service officer, Jessica, “Ladies in White” and Obama’s Failed Policy of Cuban Appeasement, Heritage Foundation, http://blog.heritage.org/2012/01/13/ladies-in-white-and-obamaE28099s-failed-policy-of-cuban-appeasement/, MWH)

• • 1. Claims to moral obligation undercut political obligation and allow for violence to occur
       Isaac, 2002
       (Jeffrey C., James H. Rudy professor of Political Science and director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life at Indiana University, Bloomington, “Ends, Means and politics,” Dissent, Spring) – ^.^

Lifting the embargo won’t normalize relations; instead, it will legitimize Castro’s regime, perpetuate human rights abuses, and provide the Cuban government with the resources it needs to counterbalance the United States.
Brookes, senior fellow for National Security Affairs at the Heritage foundation, 09 (Peter, Keep the Embargo, O, Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2009/04/keep-the-embargo-o, MWH)

Tournament: Hallsville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Berkner | Judge: Julia Bodiford

Framework

Demanding that we offer a “competitive policy option” entrenches capitalism and ensures serial policy failure—the problem isn’t that our policies are wrong, it’s that the whole system is wrong.
Wolff 8 — Rick Wolff, Professor of Economics at University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 2008 (“Policies to "Avoid" Economic Crises,” MR Zine—a publication of The Monthly Review, November 6th, Available Online at http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/wolff061108.html, Accessed 11-19-2008)

Their limitation of politics to the state denies creativity, which eliminates the things that makes life worth living and perverts politics.
Bleiker and Leet 6
Roland, prof of International Relations @ U of Queensland, Brisbane, and Martin, Senior Research Officer with the Brisbane Institute, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 34(3), p. 735-736)

Their interpretation is not based on policy analysis but on debate norms – reject their point of view because it refuses to interrogate the assumptions behind policies, making effective policy making impossible
Gehrke asst prof speech/comm. @ USC 1998 (Pat J, “CRITIQUE ARGUMENTS AS POLICY ANALYSIS: POLICY DEBATE BEYOND THE RATIONALIST PERSPECTIVE” CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE) 

Capitalism

Economic engagement with Latin America is a neoliberal ruse, designed to draw countries into the United States’ sphere of economic influence in the name of imperialism.
Jacobs, Political Science Professor at West Virginia University, 2004 Jamie, "Neoliberalism and Neopanamericanism: The View from Latin America," Latin American Politics and Society 46.4 (2004) 149-152

Oil extraction in Latin America is a particularly violent aspect of the neoliberal obsession with control. Those deemed extraneous to the market will be disposed of in the name of the affirmative’s oil economy.
Banerjee, professor at the international graduate school of business at the University of South Australia, 2008 Subhabrata, Necrocapitalism, Organization Studies 2008 29: 1541 

Capitalism causes endless war and the creation of death zones globally, and especially in Latin America. The world of peace promised by the affirmative is a mask for capitalism’s continual production of death, dispossession, and violence as a condition of its existence.
Banerjee, professor at the international graduate school of business at the University of South Australia, 2008 Subhabrata, Necrocapitalism, Organization Studies 2008 29: 1541 

Just like the aff, voting neg means more than imagining the adoption of a simple policy The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of solidarity with revolutionary struggle against capitalism.  Voting negative is a refusal of the tepid half-measures of the 1AC in favor of clearing the space for a truly just and equitable society. As activist-scholars we have an obligation to uncover subjugated knowledge hidden by capitalism
Marcuse, German Philosopher and Professor at Columbia and Harvard, 1969 (Herbert, member of the Frankfurt School, An Essay on Liberation, p. 85-91) *GENDER MODIFIED

Politics

A. Uniqueness- Boehner currently has a weak grasp on the voting block of the republic party.
O’Brien, Michael, August 1, 2013
http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/08/01/19818215-boehner-backs-short-term-measure-to-avoid-government-shutdown?lite
B. Link- Aff's plan is seen as a win for the Obama Administration and a new form of spending. This gives the Republicans a reason to force a government shutdown.
Alex Isenstadt, July 26, 2013 http://www.politico.com/story/2013/07/debt-ceiling-continuing-resolution-fiscal-armageddon-congress-94785.html

• • Republicans agree government shutdown would be better than ObamaCare and your plans creates a rallying point for midterms
    Bolton July 23, 2013 Alexander Bolton, “Government shutdown looms over ObamaCare,” July 23, 2013, Accessed August 22, 2013, http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/312727-shutdown-looms-over-obamacare

C. Internal link- Failure to reach a consensus on debt fights risks a government shutdown on September 30th.
The Hill 8/20 Molly K. Hooper, “House Republicans might call for vote on ‘clean’ hike to borrowing limit” The Hill. http://thehill.com/house-archive/317811-house-gop-might-call-for-vote-on-clean-debt-ceiling-hike

D. Impact- Government Shut down kills confidence in the market. This leads to a major risk of a U.S. Econ collapse.
Matthews July 26, 2013 Laura Matthews, “Short On Time, Republicans Could Tackle Debt Ceiling Crisis With Continuing Resolution,” July 26, 2013, Accessed August 22, 2013, http://www.ibtimes.com/short-time-republicans-could-tackle-debt-ceiling-crisis-continuing-resolution-1360925

Oil Spills

If they beat our resiliency claims, then legal remedies can’t solve oil spills – paradigm shift key
Craig 11 “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: ¶ A Match Made in Hell”, Robin Kundis Craig, Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, 12/20/2011, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW
Litany of alt causes
Bruno 10, associate professor UNC Chapel Hill, John F., May 3, “Biodiversity Loss Continues Unabated Despite International Efforts”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-f-bruno/biodiversity-loss-continu_b_561699.html 

China 1nc

Multiple alt causes –
A) Political views
Hanson and Lee 13 (Stephanie and Brianna – Council on Foreign Relations, “U.S.-Cuba Relations”, 1/31, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113)
B) Human Rights, Guantanamo, and Cuban exiles
Hanson and Lee 13 (Stephanie and Brianna – Council on Foreign Relations, “U.S.-Cuba Relations”, 1/31, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113)

C) The rest of the Embargo – the plan is only a fraction
Hanson 13 (Daniel – economics researcher at the American Enterprise Institute, “It's Time For The U.S. To End Its Senseless Embargo Of Cuba”, 1/16, http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/01/16/its-time-for-the-u-s-to-end-its-senseless-embargo-of-cuba/)

Tournament: Van | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Berkner | Judge: Anthony Coe

Topicality

A – Interpretation
Removing selective restrictions on specific goods isn’t “economic” because it doesn’t broadly affect economic life
Davidsson 3 – Elias Davidsson, Human Rights Researcher and Activist, Reporter for the Arab American News, Contributing Editor for Global Research, “The Mechanism of Economic Sanctions: Changing Perceptions and Euphemisms”, November, www.aldeilis.net/english/attachments/2877_econsanc-debate.pdf?

Politics

A. Uniqueness- Boehner currently has a weak grasp on the voting block of the republic party.
O’Brien, Michael, August 1, 2013
http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/08/01/19818215-boehner-backs-short-term-measure-to-avoid-government-shutdown?lite
B. Link- Aff's plan is seen as a win for the Obama Administration and a new form of spending. This gives the Republicans a reason to force a government shutdown.
Alex Isenstadt, July 26, 2013 http://www.politico.com/story/2013/07/debt-ceiling-continuing-resolution-fiscal-armageddon-congress-94785.html

Republicans agree government shutdown would be better than ObamaCare and your plans creates a rallying point for midterms
Bolton July 23, 2013 Alexander Bolton, “Government shutdown looms over 

C. Internal link- Failure to reach a consensus on debt fights risks a government shutdown on September 30th.
The Hill 8/20 Molly K. Hooper, “House Republicans might call for vote on ‘clean’ hike to borrowing limit” The Hill. http://thehill.com/house-archive/317811-house-gop-might-call-for-vote-on-clean-debt-ceiling-hike

D. Impact- Government Shut down kills confidence in the market. This leads to a major risk of a U.S. Econ collapse.
Matthews July 26, 2013 Laura Matthews, “Short On Time, Republicans Could Tackle Debt Ceiling Crisis With Continuing Resolution,” July 26, 2013, Accessed August 22, 2013, http://www.ibtimes.com/short-time-republicans-could-tackle-debt-ceiling-crisis-continuing-resolution-1360925
DA turns case—economic decline accesses poverty faster than the affirmative
Duncan, chief economist Blackhorse Asset Management former IMF consultant and financial sector specialist for the World Bank, 12
Richard, The New Depression: The Breakdown of the Paper Money Economy, 2012, ebookbg

China

A) China economic influence in Latin America is gaining massive momentum but can still be disrupted
Sarmiento-Saher 13
Sebastian, “China and Latin America: Big Business and Big Competition” http://thediplomat.com/china-power/china-and-latin-america-big-business-and-big-competition/ March 14 mtc
B) Plan shuts out China—economic relations in Latin America are zero sum
Watson 7—strategy professor @ National War College
Cynthia, “China’s Presence in Latin America” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/EnterDragonFinal.pdf
C) Crowding out China destabilizes Latin America and hurts the US
Xiaoxia 2013
(Wang; In America's Backyard: China's Rising Influence in Latin America; May 6; www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/; kdf)

D) Instability causes Extinction
Manwaring ‘5 (Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel and an Adjunct Professor of International Politics at Dickinson College, venezuela’s hugo chávez, bolivarian socialism, and asymmetric warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf)

Feed The Future

a) USAID has trimmed it’s budget – reforms are underway but reduced Latin Aid is key

Morales 4/25
(“USAID chief defends budget in Congress,” pg online @ https://www.devex.com/en/news/usaid-chief-defends-budget-in-congress/80790 um-ef)
Assistance

Arkedis 11, Project Director for the Center for Global Health RandD Policy Assessment project (Jean, “Getting to a “Grand Bargain” for Aid Reform: The Basic Framework for U.S. Foreign Assistance”, February 11, Center for Global Development, http://www.cgdev.org/files/1424793_file_Arkedis_Aid_Framework_FINAL.pdf) LA

b) And, Earmarks for SPECIFIC countries hamstring the budget – forces prioritization and collapses effective programs

Norris et al 2k12
(John Norris, Executive Director of the Sustainable Security and Peacebuilding Initiative at the Center for American Progress. He has served in a number of senior roles in government, international institutions, and nonprofits. John previously served as the Executive Director of the Enough Project at American Progress. John was the chief of political affairs for the U.N. Mission in Nepal as that country tried to emerge from a decade-long war. Previously, John served as the Washington chief of staff for the International Crisis Group, conducting extensive field work and senior-level advocacy for resolving conflicts in South Asia, Africa, and the Balkans. Earlier in his career, John served as the director of communications for U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott. He also worked as a speechwriter and field disaster expert at the U.S. Agency for International Development.and Connie Veillette, “Engagement Amid Austerity,” pg online @ http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2012/05/pdf/foreign_aid.pdf um-ef)
c) Current cuts have decimated (whichever program we have an impact to) – funding tradeoffs are the nail in the coffin
Shah, 13 - economic development specialist who is currently the Administrator of USAID (Rajiv, “TESTIMONY OF ADMINISTRATOR RAJIV SHAH BEFORE THE SENATE APPROPRIATIONS SUBCOMMITTEE ON STATE AND FOREIGN OPERATIONS”, USAID, 5/7, http://www.usaid.gov/news-information/congressional-testimony/may-7-2013-testimony-administrator-rajiv-shah-senate-appropriations)//AR
d) FTF is key to regulated global biotech and global food security

Bertram 2k13
(Rob Bertram, Director of the Office of Agricultural Research and Policy, Bureau for Food Security, USAID, “How Science and Technology Can Help Us Feed the Future,” pg online @ http://www.feedthefuture.gov/article/how-science-and-technology-can-help-us-feed-future um-ef)

Oil Spills

If they beat our resiliency claims, then legal remedies can’t solve oil spills – paradigm shift key
Craig 11 “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills and Long-Term Ecological Resilience: ¶ A Match Made in Hell”, Robin Kundis Craig, Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, 12/20/2011, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW

Litany of alt causes
Bruno 10, associate professor UNC Chapel Hill, John F., May 3, “Biodiversity Loss Continues Unabated Despite International Efforts”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-f-bruno/biodiversity-loss-continu_b_561699.html 

China

Multiple alt causes –
A) Political views
Hanson and Lee 13 (Stephanie and Brianna – Council on Foreign Relations, “U.S.-Cuba Relations”, 1/31, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113)
.
B) Human Rights, Guantanamo, and Cuban exiles
Hanson and Lee 13 (Stephanie and Brianna – Council on Foreign Relations, “U.S.-Cuba Relations”, 1/31, http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113)
.
C) The rest of the Embargo – the plan is only a fraction
Hanson 13 (Daniel – economics researcher at the American Enterprise Institute, “It's Time For The U.S. To End Its Senseless Embargo Of Cuba”, 1/16, http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/01/16/its-time-for-the-u-s-to-end-its-senseless-embargo-of-cuba/)