Tournament: Akins | Round: 1 | Opponent: Westwood | Judge:
1AC
Contention 1: Inherency
Current U.S fishery management emphasizes extraction of resources- new approach is vital or continued overfishing is inevitable
Safina 13 (Carl Safina, Author, A Future for U.S. Fisheries, Issues in Science and Technology, 11/27/13, http://issues.org/25-4/safina-4/)
Current policies have slowed but not stopped the depletion of fish stocks.¶ A new
AND
depleted levels robs fishing families and communities of income and risks resource collapse.
No national CBFM programs exist currently in the US
McNulty 11 (Robbie, professor at the university of Oregon, Community Based Fisheries Management, http://thefishproject.weebly.com/community-fisheries-management.html)
All around the world communities are managing forests, watersheds, fisheries, and communal
AND
seen only limited use in a select few U.S. fishing communities
Contention 2: Harms
Advantage 1: Hunger Justice
Overfishing is a direct result of a “tragedy of the commons” meaning neoliberal institutions in the squo continuously extract resources from the ocean because there is a lack of deliberation over resource control
Mansfield, 2003 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718503001155, Becky Mansfield, Department of Geography, Ohio State University 5/3/2003)
In this paper, I address these questions by analyzing the development of neoliberalism in
AND
operating in ocean fisheries and, therefore, to distinctive forms of neoliberalism.
Overfishing makes food not available to certain populations which is a form of structural violence- ongoing hunger is day to day violence against low income populations and developing countries
Cole 13 (James Cole, Author, Famine and Under nutrition as Security Issues, E-International Relations Students, 7/12/13, http://www.e-ir.info/2013/07/12/famine-and-under-nutrition-as-security-issues/)
‘The important point here is that if people are starving when this is objectively
AND
and the structure it works within equally perpetuates, exacerbates and maintains hunger.
This system of environmental injustice creates disposable populations and threatens an emerging apocalypse that demands challenging short term catastrophe focus - visible violence develops from subterranean structures of inequity
Nixon ‘9 Rob, Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, “NEOLIBERALISM, SLOW VIOLENCE, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL PICARESQUE”, MFS Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 55 number 3, Fall 2009, http://sustainabilityparadox.commons.gc.cuny.edu/files/2010/09/Nixon-Neoliberalism2.pdf
The picaresque proves uncannily effective at dramatizing another critical dimension to the environmentalism of the
AND
the vulnerability of the black body. This leads me to think that if
South African whiteness is a bene?ciary of the protectiveness assured by international whiteness, it
AND
casualties claimed, as at Bhopal, by the forces of slow violence.
CBFM solves overfishing- co-management with governments has been successful in protecting fish stocks
WCS 12 (Wildlife Conservation Society, One solution to global overfishing found, Science Daily, 3/19/12, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120319163807.htm)
A study by the Wildlife Conservation Society, ARC Centre for Excellence for Coral Reef
AND
the sustained health and economy of coastal populations and their supporting marine ecosystems."
Advantage 2: Risk Society
Current exclusion of fishers in political decision making ensures collapse of fishing within the United States
AP, ’13 (“New England fishermen protest federal regulations in letter to Congress” Associated Press, Feb. 20, 2013 http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/02/20/new-england-fishermen-plead-for-govt-help/)
BOSTON – New England fishermen facing a dire future for their industry asked Congress in
AND
"For many of us this is probably our last shot at survival."
We need to incorporate the fisher’s voice in decision making calculations to shift away from risk calculation
Sarah Coulthard, School of Environmental Sciences @ U of Ulster, Derek Johnson, Dept. of Anthropology @ U of Manitoba, and J. Allister McGregor, Institute of Developmental Studies @ U of Sussex, ’11 (“Poverty, Sustainability and Human Wellbeing: A Social Wellbeing Approach to the Global Fisheries Crisis” Global Environmental Change)
This paper has proceeded on the implicit understanding that some form of conservation policy is
AND
have the capacity to produce more effective policy decisions towards achieving fisheries sustainability.
Reliance on expert discourse makes destruction inevitable
Andrew Blowers, Social Sciences @ Open University, ’97 (“Environmental Policy: Ecological Modernisation or the Risk Society?” Urban Studies, Vol. 34, Nos 5-6, 845-871, 1997)
Reflexive modernisation. It was the growing importance of global risks of high consequence that
AND
now to the third component of the risk society thesis, individual risk.
Reductionist scientific analysis fails- broad scale assumptions destroy the possibilities of local knowledge having influence. CBFM gives fishers a voice in the decision-making process and scientific experiments.
Weber and Iudicello 5 (*Michael L., former special assistant to the director of the National Marine Fisheries Service and Suzanne, Principal at Iudicello and Associates, program for environmental consultation to fishing organizations, government agencies and foundations, Obstacles and Opportunities for Community-Based Fisheries Management in the United States, report to the NOAA, Sept. 2005)mm
A number of authors emphasize the impact and usefulness of study tours that provide opportunities
AND
, economic, and social sustainability of some ?sheries in the United States.
Plan
Thus the plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its development of oceanic Community Based Fisheries Management
Solvency
CBFM can solve- it is possible and only through the federal government can it work
Weber and Iudicello, 2005 (Obstacles and Opportunities FOR Community-Based Fisheries Management IN THE United States, http://www.ceimaine.org/images/ stories/pdf/CommunityBasedFish- eriesManagementReport.pdf, September 2009, Michael L. Weber and Suzanne Iudicello)
State and federal fisheries laws and institutions do not favor or foster CBFM. Nor
AND
information and, as importantly, for reacquainting these communities with each other.
The US has more power over ocean policy than other nations- only US leadership can get other countries on board with fishing management
The Washington Post 6/22/2014, Our survival depends on the health of the oceans, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/our-survival-depends-on-the-health-of-the-oceans/2014/06/22/2c0acd0a-f72e-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.html
HUMANITY DEPENDS on the oceans, but their worsening state gets little attention. Good
AND
will be up to foreign leaders to act in their nations’ best interest.
Community based involvement is key to solve destruction of fishery ecosystems and ensure global food security – the affirmatives discourse is uniquely key in shaping political change
Sarah Coulthard, School of Environmental Sciences @ U of Ulster, Derek Johnson, Dept. of Anthropology @ U of Manitoba, and J. Allister McGregor, Institute of Developmental Studies @ U. of Sussex, ’11 (“Poverty, Sustainability and Human Wellbeing: A Social Wellbeing Approach to the Global Fisheries Crisis” Global Environmental Change)
It has been evident for some time that the pursuit of human wellbeing places tremendous
AND
poverty reduction must find ways of handling these rather than assuming them away.
Extremely low probabilities should count as zero—even if there’s some risk, policy decisions can’t be justified by vanishingly small probabilities
RESCHER 2003 (Nicholas, Prof of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Sensible Decisions: Issues of Rational Decision in Personal Choice and Public Policy, p. 49-50)
On this issue there is a systemic disagreement between probabilists working on theory-oriented
AND
—it is no longer seen as something that presents a realistic prospect.